e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470

Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72

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International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research

Development
Volume 4, Issue 11, November -2017

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CABLE STAYED BRIDGE FOR DIFFERENT PYLON

CONFIGURATION
Krunali Mavani1,Abhishek Raturi2, Maulik Kakadiya3
1
Civil Engineering Department, ChhotubhaiGopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology,
2
Civil Engineering Department, ChhotubhaiGopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology,
3
Civil Engineering Department, ChhotubhaiGopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology,

Abstract —In recent years, several cable-stayed bridges have been constructed with different shapes of pylons such as
H-shaped, A-shaped, Diamond shaped, Inverted Y-shaped etc. which results in a great demand to evaluate the effects of
different shapes of pylon on cable stayed bridges under the consideration of dynamic load. This paper deals with the
modelling of Cable Stayed Bridges with different pylon configuration. The cable stayed bridge is one of the modern
bridges which were built for the longer spans. There is a need of study on the effect of shape of pylon on the dynamic
response of cable stayed bridge, for this, the bridge span dimension and other parameters are kept constant, and only the
pylon shape is varied i.e. A type, H type, inverted Y type, Single pylon, Diamond or Pyramid shapes & Double Diamond
or Spread Pylon shapes. The height of the pylon is also change for all the shapes for comparison purpose. The modelling
of bridge is prepared on SAP 2000 software.

Keywords-Cable Stayed Bridge, Pylons Shape, Pylon Height, Dynamic analysis, SAP 2000,

I. INTRODUCTION

Many cable stayed bridges have been successfully built around over the world in only last two decades of the 20th
century. Due to their highly appreciable appearance & significantly utilized structural materials, cable stayed bridges
have been taken as one of the most popular type of bridges in last decades. With increasing span length, the modern cable
stayed bridges are more acceptable & flexible strong enough to the effect wind as compare to ever. A typical cable stayed
bridge consists of deck with one or two pylons erected above the piers in the middle of the span. The cables are attached
diagonally to the girder to provide additional supports.
The Cable-Stayed Bridge seems to be a developing bridge type at the moment. The German engineer F.Dischinger
(1949) rediscovered the stayed bridge, while designing a suspension bridge across the Elbe River near Hamburg in
1938.He recognized that the inclined cables of the early cable-stayed bridges were never subject to any initial tension,
thus cables started to perform properly only after considerable deformations of the whole structure. In earlier
development, this behavior led to the misconception that this type of bridge was unacceptably flexible and consequently
unsafe. During World War II, approximately 15,000 bridges were destroyed in Germany.The demand to rebuild these
bridges was urgent. The requirements of efficient use of materials and speedy construction made cablestayedbridges the
most economical design for the replacements.The first modern cable-stayed bridge, the Stromsund Bridge designed by F.
Dischinger, was completed in Sweden in 1955. The design and construction of this bridge represent the beginning of a
new era of modern cable-stayed bridges. The rapid growths of modern cablestayed bridges throughout the world
afterwards is due to the many advances inbridge engineering leading towards better understanding of the behavior
andperformance and recognizing the advantagesof this type of bridges in terms of economy,ease of fabrication and
construction, aestheticsand the different possibilities in structuralarrangements, etc... Nowadays, the cablestayed bridge
has been recognized as a very efficient and competitive design for bridges ofspan ranging from 200m to 1000m. For a
span length between 200m and 400m, thereinforced concrete girder design for the longitudinal bridge member is
generallyconsidered more economical. For a span length between 400m to 600m, the compositedeck cross-section can be
considered, whereas for 600m to 1000m, the steel box girder orcomposite deck design is preferable.

Figure 1 H-Type Pylon Figure 2 Inverted Y Pylon Figure 3 Y-Types Pylon

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Figure 4 Delta Pylon Figure 5 Diamond Pylon

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Hussain Hararwala, Dr. Mrs. Savita Maaru " Effect of the Different Shapes of Pylons on the Dynamic
Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge using SAP 2000 ", International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development Vol. 3, Issue 11, 2016
HussainHararwala, Dr. Mrs.Savita“Effect of the Different Shapes of Pylons on the Dynamic Analysis of Cable
Stayed Bridge using SAP 2000 " This paper deals with the modelling of Cable Stayed Bridges with different shapes of
pylons. The cable stayed bridge is one of the modern bridges which were built for the longer spans. There is a need of
study on the effect of shape of pylon on the dynamic response of cable stayed bridge, for this, the bridge span dimension
and other parameters are kept constant, and only the pylon shape is varied i.e. A type, H type, inverted Y type, Single
pylon, Diamond or Pyramid shapes & Double Diamond or Spread Pylon shapes. The height of the pylon is kept constant
for all the shapes for comparison purpose. The modelling of bridge is prepared on SAP 2000 software. For this, the
arrangement of cable stay has been taken as semi fan type as well as fan type for the purpose of comparison. The study
reveals the following points such as the spacing of cables, the inclination of pylon legs & spacing of intermediate
supports which needs to be considered for the modelling of bridge.

In the analysis of the bridge the most important part is modelling. Different components of bridges like deck, pylon,
cables etc must be modelled as per the actual forces they are subjected. The dimension of bridge which was taken in
consideration here was situated at river Ravi in Jammu Kashmir, India. The various shapes of pylon have been
considered in this paper are Diamond shaped, A-shaped, H-shaped, Inverted Y-shaped, single pylon shaped & Double
Diamond or Pyramid-Shaped. There are different types of cable-stayed bridges which are distinguished on the basis of
the arrangement of stay cables; they are called as harp arrangement, fan arrangement, and semi-fan arrangement. In this
paper, the considerations of the fan &semi fan arrangement of cables have been taken, & the analyses will be computed
for concrete pylons as well as for steel pylons. The pylons which have been modeled for analysis purpose having their
section rectangular as well as circular.

Different elements of cable supported bridge like deck, pylon, and cable-stays are discussed below:
 Bridge deck: Deck is model as a frame section with cross sectional properties as mentioned in the following
tables for different types of bridges.
 Pylon: Pylon and pylon beam is modelled as a frame section where the pylon with the vertical orientation and
pylon beam with horizontal orientation.
 Cables: Cables of the cable stayed bridge are modelled as cable element. The cable elements act as axial load
transfer element only. The details are given in Table 1 will be remains constant for all the shapes of pylon.

TABLE 1

SR.No. Component Material Shape Dimension (in m.)

Circular
1. Cable Steel 0.24
Depth- 0.4
Rectangular
2. Deck Concrete Width- 13.15
Length- 592

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

1 x 0.4
I-Section
3. End beam Steel Tf= 0.15
Tw= 0.15
0.7 x 0.25
I-Section
4. Intermediate Beams Steel Tf= 0.1
Tw= 0.1
3 x 0.7
I-Section Tf= 0.05
5. Girder steel
Tw= 0.03
Length- 592
I-Beam 3 x 12.5
6. Side support Concrete

Figure 6. Pylon geometry (IJSRD) figure7.Main span typical section(IJSRD)

The following points which were used to carry out for the modelling are as follows:
1) The angles which have been made by inclined pylons with deck shall be lies between “600 - 750”.
2) The minimum spacing between cables which was jointed at pylon shall not be less than H/100 in meters where H=
height of pylon from the ground level.
3) The intermediate supports which were used as side span supports shall have the minimum spacing of 20 meters
between them.

B. Dr Niraj D Shah ,Dr Jatin A Desai , Dr H S Patil , “Effect of pylon shape on analysis of cable-stayed bridges”,
Journal of Engineering Research and Studies.

Dr Niraj D Shah, Dr Jatin A Desai, Dr H S Patil“Effect of pylon shape on analysis of cable-stayedbridges”. The
present paper made an attempt to presents finite element approach for the geometric nonlinear aerostatic analysis of self
anchoredcable-stayed bridges with different pylon configurations along with vehicular interaction.The example bridges
are supported by three different pylon configurations such as H shape, A shape and Inverted Y shape. For
abovementioned bridges, linear and non-linear analysis was carried out for a wind speed of 55 m/s for both self-anchored
and partially earth anchored (bi-stayed) bridges.

To better understand the effect of pylon system with conventional system, parametricstudies are carried out

A long span bridge of total span of 1200m wasconsidered to study the effect of various pylonShapes. Three cases of
typical pylonarrangement in modern cable-stayed bridge areConsideredi.e. The H shape, A shape andinverted Y shape. In
each case, linear andNonlinearanalysis was carried out for a windspeed of 55m/s. The deck cross section ofNormandie
cable-stayed bridge hasconsidered. The displacement aerostatic load,Forall model, has been calculated by takingdrag
coefficient CD = 1.20, coefficient of liftCL=0.38

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Figure 8 nonlinearity effect on cable force Figure 9. Nonlinearity effect on deck force

The results showed that these factors have significantinfluence on the aerostatic behavior and should be considered in the
aerostatic analysis of long span cable stayedbridges. Analysis results will be useful for the designers to consider the shape
of pylon at the initial stage ofdesign. Again the results indicate the significant influence of pylon shapes on aerostatic
behavior of such longspan bridges

C. Thomas Blesson B. And S. P. Thakkar, “Parametric Study of Shapes of Pylon for CableStayed Bridge” nirma
universitty journal of engineering and technology, vol.2, no.1, jan-jun 2011

Thomas Blesson B. And S. P. Thakkar“Parametric Study of Shapes of Pylon for CableStayed Bridge” A study is
carried out to find the dynamic and aerostatic effect on differentshapes of pylons of a cable stayed bridge. The different
shapesof pylons considered here are H type, A type, Inverted Y type,Diamond type and Delta type. The central span of
the cablestayed bridge is also varied as 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m tostudy the combined effects due to shape and span.
The studyis carried out by taking live load according to IRC 6:2000, IRCClass A and Class 70R vehicle load along with
Aerostatic windloads was undertaken. A Dynamic analysis in the form of LinearTime-history is also carried out using El-
Centro ground motionand various response quantities such as Bending-moment, Shearforce,Torsion and Axial force are
represented.
Figure 8. Plan of the building

Figure 10. Model of deck

D. Siddharth G. Shah ,Desai.J.A, Solanki.C.H, “Effect of Pylon Shape on seismic response of Cable stayed bridge
with soil Structure interaction” international journal of civil and structural engineering Volume 1, No 3, 2010

Siddharth G. Shah , Desai.J.A, Solanki.C.H;“Effect of Pylon Shape on seismic response of Cable stayed bridge with
soil Structure interaction”Cable stayed bridge are the most flexible bridge and getting popularity because of itseconomy
for longer spans and aesthetics. Here focus is given on the effect of shape of pylonon the seismic response of cable stayed
bridge, for this, the bridge span dimension and otherparameters are kept constant, and only the pylon shape is varied viz.
A type, H type, portalframe, spread pylon and pyramid shapes. The height of the pylon is kept constant for all theshapes
for comparison purpose. Here soil structure interaction effects are considered throughthe soilspringat the base. The 3D
bridge model is prepared on SAP 2000 software andbridge is analyzed seismically by Bhuj 2001, Earthquake India. The
bridge response in termsof pylon displacement, acceleration and base moment is obtained. The study reveals that
theshape of the pylon has great influence in the seismic response of cable stayed bridge. Spreadpylon shape are better for
resisting earthquake in longitudinal direction but weak in lateraldirection, but pyramid shape pylon is better because of its
geometry in resisting earthquakeforce from any direction and also SSI effects are minimum in this case. SSI effects

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

arepredominant for soft soil conditions for all pylon shapes.This is a numerical stepbystepIntegration of equations of
motion. It is usually required forcritical/important or geometrically complex bridges. Inelastic analysis provides a
morerealistic measure of structural behavior when compared with an elastic analysis.

III. CONCLUSION

From the above literature we conclude that

1. Nonlinearity effect is predominant in longspan bridges and gives approximately 20to 60% higher results than
linear analysis.
2. The concept of anchoring of top cable to the earth proved effective in reducing theforces in cables.
3. The costs of cables are very high in case of cable-stayed bridges which can be reducedusing the concept of
partially earthanchored bridges.

REFRENCES

[1] IS 1893-2002(Part-1), “Criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures, General provisions and buildings”,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
[2] N D Shah & Dr. J A Desai 2010, “Nonlinear Aerostatic Analysis of Self Anchored & Bi-stayed Cable Stayed
Bridges using sap 2000”, ISSN: 0975-6744 Volume 1, Issue 1.
[3] Siddharth G. Shah, Desai.J.A&Solanki.C.H 2010, “Effect of Pylon Shape on seismic response of Cable stayed
bridge with soil structure interaction”, ISSN: 0976-4399 Volume 1, Issue 3.
[4] Atul K. Desai 2013, “Seismic Time History Analysis for Cable Stayed Bridges considering different
geometrical configuration for near field earthquakes”, Volume 7.
[5] Uwe S., “Cable Stayed Bridge Concpet of Longer Spans”, Journal of Bridge Engineering, Aug 1996, Volume 1,
99-103.
[6] Desai A. K. & Desai J. A.(2009), “Effects of pylon shapes on dynamic behaviour of cable-stayed bridges
subjected to seismic loading” , Ph D Thesis, Dept of Applied Mechanics SVNIT-Surat ,78-103.
[7] SAP2000, “Structural Analysis Programme” Integrated Finite element Analysis and design of structures,
Computers and Structures Inc. Berkeley, California, 1998.
[8] Clough, R. W. and Penzien J. (1975), Dynamics of structures, McGrawHillInc. 56114.
[9] SP Guidelines (1990), “Specification for highway bridges”, Japan Road Association,
[10]IS: 456:2000,Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[11]IS: 6:2000Standard Speciation and code of practice for Road Bridges sec-II Loads and Stresses, The
IndianRoads Congress, New Delhi.
[12]IS: 18:2000Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post Tensioned Concrete),The Indian Road
Congress, New Delhi.

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