ICS 17.

617

R O M AN I AN S TAN D AR D STAS 6605-78

Classification index B 03
Supersedes:
TESTS OF METALS STAS 6605-67
TENSION TESTING OF REINFORCING STEEL, WIRE AND WIRE PRODUCTS FOR
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Previous editions:
1967; 1977
Încercările metalelor – Încercarea la tracţiune a oţelului beton, a sârmei şi
a produselor din sârmă pentru beton precomprimat Validation date:
Essais des metaux – Essai de traction de l’acier pour beton arme, fil et 1978-12-01
produits en fil pour beton precontraint

1 GENERAL
1.1 This standard establishes the method and the conditions for performing the tension test of reinforcing steel,
wire and wire products for prestressed concrete, in view of determining, under the ambient atmosphere
conditions according to STAS 6300-64, the following mechanical characteristics:
- apparent yield strength;
- conventional yield strength;
- remanent yield strength;
- conventional elongation limit;
- ultimate strength;
- breaking strain;
- remanent uniform elongation;
- total elongation under maximum force;
- conventional perfect elasticity;
- sectional conventional elasticity modulus.
1.2 The mechanical characteristics being determined are to be specified in the standard or other normative
technical documents of the product.
1.3 Terms and symbols, according to the table.

Point Term Symbol Definition Measuring

unit

1.3.1 Initial section area S0 The cross-section surface of the test piece, mm2
determined before testing

1.3.2 Rated section area S The cross-section surface corresponding to the rated mm2
diameter

1.3.3 Rated diameter d The diameter specified in the product standard mm

ASOCIAŢIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMÂNIA (ASRO),

Adresa poştală: str. Mendeleev 21-25, 70168, Bucureşti 1, Direcţia Generală: Tel.: +40 1 211.32.96; Fax: +40 1 210.08.33,
Direcţia Standardizare: Tel. : +40 1 310.43.08; +40 1 310.43.09, Fax: +40 1 315.58.70,
Direcţia Publicaţii: Serv. Vânzări/Abonamente: Tel: +40 1 212.77.25, +40 1 212.79.20, +40 1 212.77.23, +40 1 312.94.88 ;
Fax : +40 1 210.25.14, +40 1 212.76.20

© ASRO Entire or partial multiplication or use of this standard in any kind of publications and by any means (electronically,
mechanically, photocopy, micromedia etc.) is strictly forbidden without a prior written consent of ASRO
STAS 6605-78 -2 -

Point Term Symbol Definition Measuring

unit

1.3.4 Initial length L0 The length between the guiding marks traced on the mm
test piece, considered before testing

1.3.5 Length before Ln The length between the guiding marks that delimit mm
breaking the initial length, measured after applying a certain
tensile force, but before the test piece breaks

1.3.6 Final length Lu The length between the guiding marks that delimit mm
the initial length, measured after the test piece breaks

1.3.7 Prolongation ∆L The difference between the final length and the mm
initial length
∆L = Lu – L0

1.3.8 Elongation A The ratio of the prolongation to the initial length of %

the test piece
∆L
A = 100
L0

total At The elongation determined during testing %

total at maximum Amax The total elongation corresponding to the breaking %

force force

non-proportional Ap The part of the total elongation, determined on the %

tension test diagram, with a deviation from the linear
variation (considered to be proportional)

remanent Ar The elongation determined after the discharge of the %

test piece

remanent uniform Au The remanent elongation determined after the test %

piece breaks, the measuring being done without
including the area influenced by constriction

upon breaking An The remanent elongation determined after the test %

piece breaks, including the area influenced by
constriction
NOTE – The n dimensional factor is indicated only when it
is different from 5.
For any section, the n factor is determined by using the
formula:
n= L0
1 . 13 S 0
and for circular sections, through the following formula:
n=
L0
d0
1.3.9 Force F The load applied to the test piece during tension test N
NOTE – In STAS 200-75, F is called stress
 -3- STAS 6605-78

Point Term Symbol Definition Measuring

unit

1.3.10 Apparent yield force Fe The force upon which the prolongation grows N
without increasing the load

1.3.11 Conventional yield Fp 0.2 The force corresponding to a non-proportional N

force elongation of 0.2%

1.3.12 Remanent yield force Fr 0.2 The force corresponding to a remanent elongation N
f 0.2%

1.3.13 Conventional Fp 0.01 The force corresponding to a non-proportional N

elasticity force elongation of 0.01%

1.3.14 Conventional tensile Ft The force corresponding to a total specified N

force elongation

1.3.15 Maximum force Fmax The maximum force to which the test piece resists N
during the tension test
NOTE – In the product standards the maximum force is
also called breaking force

1.3.16 Apparent yield Re The ratio of the apparent yield force to the initial N/mm2
strength area of the test piece cross-section (effective or
rated)
Fe
Re =
S0
NOTE – The determination of the upper ReH and the
lower ReL yield strength is performed according to
STAS 200-75. The upper yield strength is considered as
the apparent yield strength

1.3.17 Conventional yield Rp 0.2 The ratio of the conventional yield strength to the N/mm2
strength initial cross-section area of the test piece (effective
or rated)
Fp 0.2
Rp 0.2 =
S0
1.3.18 Remanent yield Rr 0.2 The ratio of the remanent yield strength to the N/mm2
strength initial cross-section area of the test piece (effective
or rated)
Fr 0.2
Rr 0.2 =
S0
1.3.19 Conventional tension Rt The ratio of the force corresponding to a specified N/mm2
limit (for a specified total elongation to the initial cross-section area of
total elongation) the test piece (effective or rated)

Ft
Rt =
S0
1.3.20 Conventional Rp 0.01 The ratio of the conventional elasticity force to the N/mm2
elasticity limit initial cross-section area of the test piece (effective
or rated)
Fp 0.01
Rp 0.01 =
S0
STAS 6605-78 -4 -

Point Term Symbol Definition Measuring

unit

1.3.21 Ultimate strength Rm The ratio of the maximum force to the initial cross- N/mm2
section area of the test piece (effective or rated)

Fmax
Rm =
S0
1.3.22 Conventional Es The ratio of the Ft conventional tension force to the N/mm2
sectional elasticity product between the initial cross-section area and
modulus the corresponding At total elongation

Ft
Es =
S 0 ⋅ At
1.3.23 Tension test --- The representation by using rectangular coordinates ---
diagram of the variation recorded by the force-area ratio
depending on the total elongation or the variation of
the force depending on prolongation

2 THE METHOD PRINCIPLE

The test consists in applying a tension force – usually until breaking – on the test piece’s longitudinal axis
direction.

3 EQUIPMENT
3.1 The current tests are performed on testing machines within the 1% accuracy class, according to STAS 1510-66.
3.2 The assembly of the test piece on the testing machine must provide the axiality of applying the force and
respectively the uniform prolongation of the test piece. For forces of up to 0.5 Rm, the acceptable difference between the
prolongations measured on the test piece outside fibers shall be of maximum 5% of the prolongation maximum value.
NOTE - The deviation from the axial application of the force is determined by measuring the prolongations on
two antipodal fibers, respectively on two parallel faces of the test piece, placed in the columns axis plane of the
testing machine and in a plane perpendicular to the first.

3.3 The prolongation is measured with extensometers, attached to the test pieces. The extensometer has to provide
the simultaneous measurement of prolongations on two fibers respectively on two opposed faces of the test piece, with
an accuracy of:
0.001% for the determination of the conventional elasticity limit and the sectional conventional
elasticity modulus;
0.01% for the determination of the conventional yield strength;
0.1% for the determination of elongation.
The devices for length measurement must provide a 1% accuracy.
3.4 The recording of the tension test diagram must provide the conditions for measuring the force and
prolongation, in order to be used for the determination of the yield strengths.
The diagrams in which is recorded an increase of force based on the removal of the machine wedges are
allowed for the determination of the mechanical characteristics only if the difference between the wedge displacement
and the length of the calibrated part is less than 10% of the to be determined length value.
3.5 The testing machines can also make use of test piece fastening devices, specific to that product, that must not
cause cuts, notches or flexions of the test piece.

4 TEST PIECES
4.1 The length of the test piece between the testing machine wedges, before testing, must be of:
350 … 450 mm, for wires and bars (STAS 438/1-73; STAS 438/2-73; STAS 438/3-75 and STAS 6482/2-73;
STAS 6482/3-73);
450 ... 600 mm, for stranded wires;
600 … 800 mm, for strands (STAS 6482/4-74);
 -5- STAS 6605-78

4.2 The initial length is marked on the test pieces with guiding marks that must not influence the test results.
4.3 The measurement of the test piece cross-sectional dimensions is made with an accuracy of at least 0.01 mm for
wire and wire products and at least 0.1 mm for reinforcing steel. The measuring is performed in two perpendicular
planes, placed in the middle third part of the test piece length. The test piece dimensions are determined as an
arithmetical mean of the obtained values, provided that the differences between them do not exceed the admissible
deviations.
4.4 The initial cross-section area is determined:
4.4.1 for smooth steel by considering the mean of the two diameters measured according to subclause 4.3;
4.4.2 in periodical profile steel (STAS 438/1-74 and STAS 6482/3-73) according to the formula:
m
So = (mm2)
L. ρ
where:
m weighed mass of the test piece in g;
L given length of the test piece in mm;
ρ wire density, ρ = 0.00785 g/mm3.
The method can be applied also to other products if it is stipulated by the product standard.
4.4.3 In stranded wires and strands as the sum of the initial cross-sectional areas of the composing wires, according
to paragraph 4.4.1.
4.5 The sampling is made according to the instructions given in the product standard.
4.6 The test pieces are sampled directly from samples, with no other processing. The layer of oxides or dross is
cleaned with a wire brush. The ends of the periodical profile steel test pieces are mechanically cut, perpendicular to the
test piece’s longitudinal axis.
4.7 In case it has to be straightened, this operation can be performed:
- by hand;
- with a wooden or copper hammer, on a wooden or copper anvil;
- with a straightening machine that does not affect the surface status and the test piece section.
4.8 For the reinforced steel products, the possible ridges from cutting the test pieces is recommended to be
polished and the ends of the stranded wires and strands to be wrapped with thin and soft binding wire.

5 PERFORMING THE TEST

5.1 The initial elastic stressing speed is chosen as follows:
8 … 10 N/mm2 * s for the determination of the apparent yield strength;
25 … 30 N/mm2 * s for the determination of the conventional yield strength, the remanent yield strength,
the conventional prolongation limit, the conventional elasticity limit and the
sectional conventional elasticity modulus;
80 … 100 N/mm2 * s for the determination of the ultimate strength only.
In case of tension test when only the ultimate strength and the ultimate elongation are to be determined, the use
of wedge removing speed is accepted instead of the elastic stressing speed. The admitted wedge movement speed is
established according to STAS 200-75.
5.2 The extensometer assembly initial force shall be of:
Maximum 50N/mm2 for the determination of the conventional yield strength, of the conventional tension limit,
of the conventional elasticity limit and the conventional sectional elasticity modulus;
10% of the minimum breaking force, specified in the respective product standard, for the determination of the
total elongation under maximum force.
5.3 The tension test diagram can be obtained by recording, under the conditions stipulated by subclause 3.4 or by
representing the individual measurements.
The tension test diagram is represented for the values of the corresponding forces and prolongations measured
in a progressive loading with forces equal to: 10%; 25%; 50%; 75%; 90%; 100%; 110%; 120%; 130% of the force
corresponding to the specified yield strength from the product standard.
NOTE – The values of the stages above can be rounded in the minus, depending on the initially established
force, meaning: for multiples of 250 N for forces under 10 kN; for multiples of 500 N for forces between 10 and 100 kN;
for multiples of 1000 N for forces over 100 kN;
5.4 The determination of the Re apparent yield strength;
5.4.1 The test piece is continuously and progressively loaded visually observing the force and prolongation variation
(fig. 1).
STAS 6605-78 -6 -

Fig. 1
The Fe apparent yield force is determined by observing the position of the carried pointer on the stopping or
lowering of the dial pointer on the force measuring device from the testing machine.
5.4.2 In case of the recorded diagram, the Re apparent yield strength (the apparent yield force) is determined
according to the diagram.
5.5 The determination of the conventional yield strength Rp 0.2.

Fig. 2
On the tension test diagram (figure 2) a straight line parallel to the initial linear portion is traced at a distance
(measured on a parallel direction with the abscise axis) equal to an Ap = 0.2% non-proportional elongation.
NOTE - The Rp 0.2 conventional yield strength can be equaled based on statistical studies with the Rt tension strength.

5.6 The determination of the Rr 0.2 remanent yield strength.

5.6.1 The extensometer is assembled under the conditions stipulated by subclause 5.2.
The testing is performed continuously in cycles with increasing amplitude. The interlaced discharges have to
reach the extensometer initial assembly force. The first charging stage is chosen to be of 85 … 90% of the force
corresponding to the specified yield strength, after which a discharge to the initial force is performed and then it is
continued with loading stages of 50 N/mm2. After each cycle the total prolongation under maximum force and remanent
prolongation under initial force are measured. Based on the results of the measurements the tension test diagram is
realized, with a separate tracing of the total elongation curve and the remanent elongation curve (fig. 3).
 -7- STAS 6605-78

Fig. 3
5.6.2 From the remanent elongation curve, in the point of the 0.2% elongation results the Rr 0.2 remanent yield
strength.
5.7 The determination of the Rt conventional elongation limit.
The extensometer is assembled under the conditions stipulated by subcaluse 5.2. The test piece is further
loaded, with the speed stipulated by subclause 5.1, until the total elongation specified in the product standard is reached.
The value of the total elongation is specified as an index of the conventional yield limit symbol.
5.8 The determination of the Rm ultimate strength.
The loading is performed continuously and progressively until the test piece breaking under the conditions stipulated by
subclause 5.1.
5.9 The determination of the An breaking elongation.
5.9.1 The breaking elongation is determined for the products within STAS 438/1-74; STAS 438/2-74 and
STAS 438/3-75 after the test piece breaks. The initial length is:
Lo = 5 d, according to STAS 438/1-74;
Lo = 10 d, according to STAS 438/2-75 and 438/3-75.
The values of Lo are rounded higher, to a N full number of 10 mm divisions (figure 4 a).

Holding end Holding end

Fig. 4 a
5.9.2 The Lu final length must frame the breaking section in its middle third part, after the test piece is coaxially
reconstructed and without any gap between the broken parts (figures 4 b, c).
NOTE - The determination is considered also in case breaking occurred outside the middle third part, if the
minimum specified value of the elongation is obtained.
N=odd

Fig. 4 b

N=even

Fig. 4 c
STAS 6605-78 -8 -

5.10 The determination of the Au remanent uniform elongation.

5.10.1 The Au remanent uniform elongation is determined for SBP and SBPA (STAS 6482/2-73; STAS 6482/3-73)
after test piece breaking.
5.10.2 The marking of the test pieces for the determination of the remanent uniform elongation is made every 10 mm,
on a minimum 240 mm portion, at a distance of minimum 2d from the machine holding wedges.
5.10.3 The Lo initial length is of 100 mm, corresponding to 10 divisions.
The Lu final length is measured outside the breaking area, starting with the third visible marking point from the
breaking section, in the test piece part that remains with the highest number of divisions (fig. 5).

10 divisions

Fig. 5
5.11 The determination of the total elongation to the Amax maximum force.
5.11.1 The total elongation to the maximum force is determined for stranded wires and strands for the effective
breaking force.
5.11.2 The test piece is loaded with 10% of the minimum breaking force specified in the product standard (with
rounding according to the provisions of subclause 5.3) and fitted with an extensometer or another appropriate device
providing the 3% accuracy.
5.11.3 The test piece is loaded up to the maximum force observing the increase of the total elongation up to that
moment.
NOTE - It is admitted that the elongation is measured only until the minimum value of this characteristic, stipulated in the
product standard is reached.
5.12 The determination of the Rp 0.01 conventional elasticity limit.
On the tension test diagram (figure 6) a line parallel to the initial linear part is traced, at a distance (measured
on a direction that is parallel to the abscise axis) equal to the Ap = 0.01% non-proportional elongation.
The ordinate of the point where this straight line meets the diagram is the Fp 0.01 conventional elasticity force,
respectively the Rp 0.01 conventional elasticity limit.

Fig. 6
5.13 The determination of the E8 conventional sectional elasticity modulus.
On the tension test diagram (fig. 7) is traced a straight line that connects the axes origin with the points on the
diagram that correspond to the prolongations and tension forces, equal to 10%; 20%; 30% and 40% of the force
corresponding to the minimum yield strength specified in the product standard.
 -9- STAS 6605-78
The appropriate conventional sectional elasticity modulus is determined for each of these tension forces by
using the formula indicated in subclause 1.3.22.
The result of the determination is taken as an arithmetical mean of the four determinations.

Fig. 7

6 MENTIONS IN THE TEST BULLETIN

The following shall be indicated in the test bulletin:

- the product type (quality, rated diameter);
- the product origin;
- the laboratory performing the test;
- the test piece shape and size;
- the straightening method (if performed);
- the determined characteristics, by indicating the considered section (initial So or rated S);
- the possible identified flaws(informative).

__________________
STAS 6605-78
Drafted by: The Ministry of Metallurgical Industry-
Metallurgical plant-Cîmpia Turzii
Project Manager: physicist Mihai Goia
Final draft: Romanian Standards Institute, The
Metallurgy and General Standards Bureau
eng. Rimma Stroescu
-10 -
Co-workers:
-The Central Institute for Research, Design and Management in
Constructions
-The Institute of Research and Economy in Constructions
The Institute for Welding and Material Testing Timişoara
-The „Laminorul-Brăila” Factory