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Name: Mohamed Ghobashy

ID: 1215053

Class: 3C

Date: 1/4/2018

Neurological Problems
Abstract

The main components of your nervous system are the brain, the spinal cord, and the

nerves. Together they control all the workings of the body. The nervous system is one

of the main systems in your body that you can’t lose any part of it and some of it is

irreplaceable. If any part of your nervous system is damaged, you can suffer from

many troubles in sensing, moving, learning, processing information, talking,

breathing, or swallowing, depending on the injured place.

Introduction

the nervous system is very complex, highly specialized system. It controls the

interactions between you and the world around you by using 10 billion nerve cells.

The nervous system controls:

 Sensations

 Voluntary and involuntary functions like running, climbing, swimming,

writing, reflexes, blood flow and pressure, digestion, and body temperature,

respectively.

 the ability to think, process, and interact with information.

The nervous system is divided into the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system,

or CNS) and the nerve cells that control voluntary and involuntary movements

(peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The symptoms of a nervous system problem

depend on which area of the nervous system is involved and what is causing the

problem. Nervous system problems may occur slowly and cause a gradual loss of

function (degenerative). Or they may occur suddenly and cause life-threatening

problems (acute). Symptoms may be mild or severe. There are more than 600
neurologic diseases. Some serious conditions, diseases, and injuries that can cause

nervous system problems include:

 Degenerative diseases, where nerve cells are damaged or die, such as

Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

 Diseases of the blood vessels that supply the brain, such as stroke.

We will talk about these only two diseases in advance.

Methods

In the beginning, I searched for the main neurological problems around the world, and

the most significant ones. Then, I collected the top major neurological problems and

started searching about them in thrustable websites that belong to medical institutions

and universities. I also search in some books like Campbell’s Biology, Human

Biology, and Life, the science of biology. At the end, I collect all the information

from the different sources and started to mix them up in an organized way to come up

with this case study.

Analysis

As we said earlier in the introduction, neurological problems vary and have many

types, which we will discuss now:

Alzheimer's disease:
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important

mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer's disease may notice mild

confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even

forget important people in their lives and undergo dramatic personality changes.

Current Alzheimer's disease medications and management strategies may temporarily

improve symptoms. This can sometimes help people with Alzheimer's disease

maximize function and maintain independence for a little while longer. But because

there's no cure for Alzheimer's disease, it's important to seek supportive services and

tap into your support network as early as possible.

Symptoms:

 Repeat statements and questions over and over

 Forget conversations, appointments or events, and not remember them later

 Routinely misplace possessions, often putting them in illogical locations

 Get lost in familiar places

 Eventually, forget the names of family members and everyday objects

 Have trouble finding the right words to identify objects

 Forget routine activities, such as cooking, playing, driving, dressing, or bathing.

Many important skills are not lost until very late in the disease. These include the

ability to read, dance and sing, enjoy old music, engage in crafts and hobbies, and tell

stories. This is because information, skills and habits learned early in life are among

the last abilities to be lost as the disease progresses; the part of the brain that stores

this information tends to be affected later in the course of the disease.

Causes
Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimer's disease is caused by a

combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over

time. Less than 5 percent of the time, Alzheimer's is caused by specific genetic

Stroke

The signs of a stroke include a sudden and severe headache, paralysis, or difficulty

speaking. These problems are caused when part of the brain doesn’t get enough blood.

The symptoms mainly depend on which part of the brain is affected.

Symptoms

Common signs of a stroke include:

 sudden weakness

 numbness and signs of paralysis

 speech problems

 trouble seeing

 dizziness and severe headache.

Causes

In most cases strokes are caused by a blood clot that is blocking a blood vessel in the

brain. These clots can form in the brain itself, for example because of changes in the

artery wall caused by infection. However, they are more likely to form in another part

of the body and be carried into the brain in the bloodstream, where they then block a

blood vessel. A stroke that is caused by a blocked blood vessel is referred to as an

ischemic stroke. Bleeding in the brain is the second, less common cause. This occurs

if, for instance, a blood vessel ruptures and blood leaks into the brain tissue. In both

cases, one part of the brain is no longer supplied with enough oxygen. The sooner the
treatment is started and the oxygen supply is restored, the better the chances are of

minimizing damage to the brain.

Treatment

Acute treatment aims to save a person's life and minimize damage as much as

possible. The type of treatment will mainly depend on whether the stroke was caused

by a blood clot or a bleeding.

If it was caused by a blood clot, the doctors generally try to break it up as quickly as

possible using medication or a catheter. Brain bleedings have to be stopped quickly,

sometimes by operating.

Conclusion

Neurological problems vary worldwide and affect a lot of people for many different

reasons. Almost all of them don’t have a cure yet, but a lot of medical institution and

companies are in their way to find one due to a lot of researches, money, and

researchers who sacrifice their life and time to help others to help humanity to reach

its ultimate goal, immorality, or at least for now, the healthy aging.

Recommendation

As the neurological problems vary, their causes and treatment vary too. So I

recommend every one to be aware of the causes and try to prevent the disease before

it starts. I also recommend companies and universities to spend more money on the

researches to find new treatments that are cheaper and better.

Work Cited
 Alzheimer's disease. (2017, December 30). Retrieved March 25, 2018, from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-

disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447

 Starr, C., & McMillan, B. (2016). Human biology. Boston, MA, USA:

Cengage Learning.

 Sadava, D. E. (2011). Life. the science of biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer

Associates.

 Stroke: Overview. (2017, July 13). Retrieved March 26, 2018, from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072398/

 Urry, L. A., Wasserman, S. A., Cain, M. L., Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B.,

Minorsky, P. V., & Meyers, N. (2018). Campbell biology. Melbourne, Vic.:

Pearson Australia.

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