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Chapter-23
K KUNDAN
amount of work done).
man can do a piece of work in x days (or (c) Time and Man: The number of persons
hours or any other unit of time), then the employed is inversely proportional to
the number of days required to finish a
1
work done by him in one day will be work. (More the number of persons
x employed, less will be the time required
of the total work. to finish the work).
( i ii ) If A is twice as good as a workman as B, W e hav e alr eady discussed some pr oblems
then A will take half the time B takes to related to Time and Wor k in Chapter 11 and
finish a piece of work. Chapter 12. Her e, we will discuss some more
( iv) Application of the Concept of Unitary questions related to Time and Work in greater
Method and Variation: Since in problems details to understand deeply.
Solved Examples
Ex. 1: Amit can do a piece of work in 4 days So, work done by Amit and Sumit in 1 day
and Sumit can do it in 6 days. How
1 1 32 5
long will they take, if both Amit and =
Sumit work together? 4 6 12 12
Soln: We have, time taken by Amit to do the Hence, Amit and Sumit can do the piece
work = 4 days
12 2
Time taken by Sumit to do the work of work in days ie 2 days.
= 6 days. 5 5
Ex. 2: Chhotu and Nitu together plough a field
1
Work done by Amit in 1 day = in 4 days. Nitu alone takes 6 days to
4 plough the same field. In how many
days can Chhotu alone plough the field?
1
Work done by Sumit in 1 day = Soln: We have, time taken by Chhotu and Nitu
6 to plough the field together
= 4 days
Time and Work 403
K KUNDAN
= 10 days. days.
Kami, Kavya and Kirti’s 1 day’s work C’s 1 day’s work = (A, B and C’s 1 day’s
work) - (A and B’s 1 day’s work)
1
= 1 1 65 1
4 =
10 12 60 60
1 So, C alone can finish the work in 60
Kami’s 1 day’s work = and, Kirti’s 1
12 days.
Alternative Method:
1 Let A, B and C alone can finish the work
day’s work =
10 in x, y and z days respectively.
Now, Work done by them for 1 day will be
Kavya’s 1 day’s work 1
1 1
= (Kami, Kavya and Kirti’s 1 day’s , y and respectively.
wor k) - (Kami’s 1 day’s work) - x z
(Kirti’s 1 day’s work) Now, according to the question
1 1 1 15 5 6 4 1 1 1 1
..... (1)
= = x y 12
4 12 10 60 60 15
Hence Kavya can do the whole of the work 1 1 1
..... (2)
in 15 days. y z 15
Ex. 4: A and B can do a piece of work in 12
1 1 1
days, B and C in 15 days, C and A in ..... (3)
20 days. In how many days will they z x 20
finish it together and separately? On adding (1), (2) and (3),
Soln: We have, We have
A and B can finish the work in 12 days. 1 1 1 1 1 1
B and C can finish the work in 15 days. 2 =
C and A can finish the work in 20 days. x y z 12 15 20
543 1
1 =
A and B’s 1 day’s work = 20 5
12
404 Concept of Arithmetic
1 1 1 65 1 1
B’s 1 day’s work =
z 10 12 60 60 30
z = 60 (A + B)’s 1 day’s work
1 1 1 32 1 1 1 32 5 1
=
x 10 15 30 30 20 30 60 60 12
x = 30 1 1
A’s 10 days’ work = 10
1 1 1 1 20 2
y 10 20 20 Remaining work done by (A + B)
y = 20 1 1
A, B and C can finish the work in 30 = 1
2 2
days, 20 days and 60 days respectively.
And from equation (4), A, B and C together 1
Now of the work is done by (A + B) in
can finish the work in 10 days. 12
Ex. 5: A can do a piece of work in 25 days 1 day.
and B can finish it in 20 days. They
work together for 5 days and then A 1
of the work is done by (A + B) in 1 ×
goes away. In how many days will B 2
finish the remaining work?
Soln: We have, 1
12 × = 6 days.
A can finish the work in 25 days. 2
K KUNDAN
B can finish the work in 20 days. Hence, B worked for 6 days.
1 Ex. 7: A can do a piece of work in 36 days, B
A’s 1 day’s work = in 54 days and C in 72 days. All the
25 three began the work together but A
1 left 8 days and B 12 days before the
B’s 1 day’s work = com pl et ion of t he wor k. How m any
20
days in all did C put in till the entire
So, (A + B)’s 1 day’s work work was finished?
1 1 45 9 1
=
25 20 100 100 Soln: A’s one day’s work = ,
36
9 9 1
(A + B)’s 5 day’s work = 5 B’s one day’s work = and
100 20 54
9 11 1
Remaining work = 1 C’s one day’s work =
20 20 72
The remaining work is done by B. Now suppose the work lasts for x days.
Now,
x 8
the whole work is done by B in 20 days. A’s (x – 8) days’ work = ,
36
11
of t he wor k is done by B in x 12
20
B’s (x – 12) days’ work = and
54
11
20 days = 11 days. x
20
C’s x days’ work =
Hence, the remaining work is done by B 72
in 11 days. x 8 x 12 x
Ex. 6: A and B can separately do a piece of Hence, 1
work in 20 and 30 days respectively. 36 54 72
They work together for some days and Where 1 denotes total work
then B stops. If A completes the rest of Multiplying both sides by 216, we have
Time and Work 405
K KUNDAN
Also according to the question, A is twice hour than Somari sweeps in the same
as good a workman as C. time.
A = 2C Hence, Imarati sweeps more speedily than
Substituting the value of A in (iii), Somari.
1 Ex. 10: A and B together can do a piece of work
2C – C = in 12 days which B and C together can
60
do in 16 days. After A has been working
1 at it for 5 days and B for 7 days, C
or, C = finishes it in 13 days. In how many days
60
could each do the work by himself?
Substituting the value of C in (ii), Soln: Let the whole work be 1.
1 1 1
B+ = A and B in 1 day do of the work.
60 15 12
1 1 4 1 3 1
or, B = 1
15 60 60 60 20 B and C in 1 day do of the work.
16
1 A’s 5 days’ work + B’s 7 days’ work + C’s
or, B’s 1 day’s work = . 13 days’ work = 1.
20
or, A’s 5 days’ work + B’s 5 days’ work +
Hence, B can complete the work in 20
B’s 2 day’s work + C’s 2 days’ work + C’s
days.
11 days’ work = 1
Ex. 9: Somar i sweeps 600 m long railway
1 5 2
plat for m in 2 hour s. Hi s wi fe + C’s 11 days’ work = 1.
2 12 16
2 5 2 11
I mar ati sweeps
3
r d of the sam e C’s 11 days’ work = 1 .
12 16 24
1
platform in 1 hours. Who sweeps 1
2 C’s 1 day’s work =
more speedily? 24
406 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
Now, on putting the value of z in equation
1
daily work = . (v), we have
10
2 1 1
1 30 x 40
C’s daily work = .... (2)
30
1 1 1 83 1
Now A’s daily work x 15 40 120 24
1 1 1 1
= .... (3) x = 24 days
10 40 30 24 Hence A, B and C can do the work in 24,
A, B and C can do the work in 24, 40 40 and 30 days respectively.
and 30 days respectively. Ex. 12: A and B can finish a piece of work in
Alternative Method: 15 days. A and C can take 2 days more
Let A, B and C separately do the work in than B and C take to finish the same
x, y and z days respectively. piece of work. The three together can
finish the work in 8 days. In how many
1 1
Hence their 1 day’s work will be , y days coul d each do t he wor k by
x himself?
Soln: Let A, B and C separately can finish the
1
and respectively. work in x, y and z days respectively.
z Again, suppose that B and C together can
Now, according to the question, finish that work in a days.
Hence, A and C together will finish the
1 1 1 1
..... (i) work in (a + 2) days.
x y z 10 Now, according to the question,
1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1
or, x z y 0 .... (ii) .... (i)
x z y x y 15
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
or, x y z 0 .... (iii) .... (ii)
x y z y z a
Time and Work 407
1 7 1 11 1
Remaining work = 1
y 120 a 12 12
1 1 7 1
or, y a 120 .... (v) Now of work done by Mohan in 1 day.
10
1 7 1
1
of the work done by Mohan in 1 ×
x 120 a 2 12
1 1 7 1 5
or, .... (vi) 10 × days = days
x a 2 120 12 6
Hence, trench will be dug in
1 1
5
K KUNDAN
On putting the value of and y in 5
x = 10 days = 10 days.
6 6
equation (i), we have
Ex. 14: Two women, Gangi and Jamni, working
1 7 1 7 1 separately can mow a field in 8 and 12
a 2 120 a 120 15 hours respectively. If they work for an
hour alternately, Gangi beginning at 9
1 1 1 7 7 am, when will the mowing be finished?
or,
a 2 a 15 120 120
1
Soln: In the first hour Gangi mows of the
2a 2 11 8
or, a (a 2) 60 field.
or, 120a + 120 = 11a2 + 22a 1
or, 11a2 – 98a – 120 = 0 In the second hour Jamni mows of
12
or, 11a2 – 110a + 12a – 120 = 0
the field.
or, 11a (a – 10) + 12 (a – 10) = 0
or, (a – 10) (11a + 12) = 0 1 1 5
a = 10 In the first 2 hours or of
8 12 24
Now, on putting the value of a in equation
the field is mown.
(v) and (vi), we have,
1 1 7 5 1 5 5
In 8 hours 4 or of the field is
y 10 120 120 24 24 6
y = 24 mown.
1 1 7 3 1 5 1
Now 1 of the field remains to be
x 12 120 120 40 6 6
or, x = 40 mown.
Hence, A, B and C separately can finish
1
120 In the 9th hour Gangi mows of the
t he wor k in 40, 24 and days 8
7
respectively. field.
408 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
mean terms)
1 1 2
= . 3 10 12
30 90 45 x= = 45 days
4 2
45 1 [Note: To understand the above process,
the required time is or 22 days.
2 2 please refer to the Chapter 12 (Ratio and
Ex. 16: A certain number of men can do a work Proportion)].
in 60 days. If there were 8 men more it Ex. 18: If 3 men or 4 women can reap a field in
could be finished in 10 days less. How 43 days, how long will 7 men and 5
many men are there? women take to reap it?
Soln: The original number of men together with Soln: 3 men or 4 women means 3 men’s work =
8 men more can finish the work in (60 – 4 women’s work.
10 =) 50 days. 1
Now 8 men can do in 50 days what the 3 men reap of the field in 1 day.
original number of men can do in 10 days. 43
In 50 days, a work is done by 8 men. 1
In 1 day, a work is done by (8 × 50) 1 man reaps of the field in 1 day.
129
men.
.... (1)
8 50
In 10 days, a work is done by
10 1
4 women reap of the field in 1 day.
40 men. 43
Ex. 17: Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin
2 kg cotton-balls in 12 days. Spinning 1
1 women reaps of the field in 1
4 hours daily, how many days will she 172
take to spin 10 kg cotton balls? day. ..... (2)
Soln: Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin 2 7 men and 5 women reap
kg cotton-balls in 12 days.
Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin 7 5 1
of the field in 1 day.
129 172 12
12
1 kg cotton-balls in = 6 days. 7 men and 5 women will reap the whole
2 field in 12 days.
Time and Work 409
K KUNDAN
3
1 man = 2 boys.
( Product of extreme terms = Product of
mean terms) a man' s work 2
a boy' s work 1
4 43 3
x = = 12 days. Ex. 21: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of
43
work in 5 days and 13 men and 24 boys
Ex. 19: A takes 6 days less than the time taken
can do it in 4 days, how long will 7
by B to finish a piece of work. If both A
men and 10 boys take to do it?
and B together can finish it in 4 days,
Soln: We have, as in the above example,
find the time taken by B to finish the
5 × (12 men + 16 boys)
work.
= 4 × (13 men + 24 boys)
Soln: Suppose B alone takes x days to finish
60 men + 80 boys = 52 men + 96 boys.
the work. Then, A alone can finish it in
8 men = 16 boys
(x - 6) days.
1 man = 2 boys.
Now, (A’s one day’s work) + (B’s one day’s
Now,
1 1 12 men + 16 boys = 24 boys + 16 boys
work) = = 40 boys.
x x 6
7 men + 10 boys = 14 boys + 10 boys
1 = 24 boys.
and, (A + B)’s one day’s work = . The question now becomes
4
“If 40 boys can do a piece of work in 5
1 1 1 days how long will 24 boys take to do it?”
x x 6 4 40 boys do a piece of work in 5 days.
1 boy does a piece of work in 5 × 40
x 6x 1
or, days.
x ( x 6) 4
5 40
2x 6 1 24 boys do the piece of work in
or, 24
x 2 6x 4
or, 8x - 24 = x2 - 6x 1
days ie 8 days.
or, x2 - 14x + 24 = 0 3
410 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
and, 12 boys’ one day’s work = y
30 boys can reap 45 hectares in 6 days
But 30 boys = 28 boys + 2 boys Since 8 men and 12 boys can finish
= 7 men + 2 boys the work in 10 days.
Hence 2 boys must assist 7 men.
Ex. 23: 25 men can reap a field in 20 days. 8 12
10 1
When should 15 men leave the work, if x y
1 80 120
the whole field is to be reaped in 37 1
2 or, x y .... (i)
days after they leave the work?
Soln: 25 men can reap the field in 20 days. Again, 6 men and 8 boys can finish
the work in 14 days.
20 25
10 men can reap the field in 6 8
10 14 1
50 days. x y
When 15 men leave the work, 10 men 84 112
remain. or, 1 .... (ii)
x y
In 50 days, 10 men can reap the whole
of the field. 1
1
1 Putting = u and y = v in (i) and (ii),
x
In 1 day, 10 men can reap of the
50 we get
whole of the field. 80u + 120v – 1 = 0
1 84u + 112v – 1 = 0
In 37 days, 10 men can reap By cross-multiplication, we have
2
u v
1
37 120 112 80 84
2 3 of the field.
50 4 1
80 112 120 84
Time and Work 411
1 1 1
Now, = u x = 140
x x 140 6 : 9
1 1 1 18 : 32
and, y = v y 280 y = 280. 2 : 3 :: 8 : x
12 : 9
Thus, one man alone can finish the work
8 :10
in 140 days and one boy alone can finish
the work in 280 days. or, 6 × 18 × 2 × 12 × 8 :
Note: Let a 1x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and 9 × 32 × 3 × 9 × 10 :: 8 : x
a 2 x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 be a system of (Compounding the ratios)
simultaneous linear equations in two or, 6 × 18 × 2 × 12 × 8 × x
= 9 × 32 × 3 × 9 × 10 × 8
a1 b1
variables x and y such that a b ie ( Product of extreme terms = Product of
2 2 mean terms)
a1b2 a2b1 0 . Then the system has a 9 32 3 9 10 8
x= = 30
unique solution given by 6 18 2 12 8
required number of men = 30 men
b1c 2 b2c1 c1a 2 c 2a1
x = a b a b and y = a b a b Ex. 26: A garrison of 3300 men had provisions
K KUNDAN
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 for 32 days, when given at the rate of
The above solution is generally written 850 grams per head. At the end of 7
as days a reinforcement arrives and it
x y z was found that now the provisions will
last for 17 days more, when given at
b1c 2 b2c1 c1a 2 c 2a1 a1b2 a 2b1 the rate of 825 gm per head. What is
x y z the strength of the reinforcement?
or, b c b c a c a c a b a b Soln: Let the strength of reinforcement be x.
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
According to the given condition,
For mor e det ails see the chapter 3300 × 32 × 850 = 3300 × 850 × 7 + (3300
“Elementary Algebra”. + x) × 825 × 17
Ex. 25: If 8 men, working 9 hours per day can or, (3300 × 32 × 850) - (3300 × 850 × 7) =
build a wall 18 metres long, 2 metres (3300 + x) × 825 × 17
wide and 12 metres high in 10 days, or, 3300 × 25×850 = (3300+x) × 825×17
how many men will be required to build or, 3300 × 50 = (3300 + x) × 33
a wall 32 metres long, 3 metres wide or, 5000 = 3300 + x
and 9 metres high by working 6 hours or, x = 1700
a day in 8 days? So, the strength of new reinforcement
Soln: Here following are the quantities: Hours, = 1700
length, width, height, days and men. We Ex. 27: A and B together can do a job in 12
have to find the number of men. Hence, hours. Had A done half the job and
men should be in the last column as given then B, the remaining half, the whole
below. Relationships of different quantities job would have been carried out in 25
given in the question with man are given hours. How much time would it take
below. for A and B separately to do the job, if
Hours and man: Less hours, more men A is a better worker?
(Inverse) Soln: Suppose A takes x hours and B takes y
Length and man: More length, more men hours to do the job.
(Direct)
Width and man: More width, more men 1 1 1
Then, x y 12
(Direct)
412 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
done by 200 men in (40 - 35 =) 5 days = 1 Less boys, more days (Inverse)
Case I: Work done by 100 men in 35 days. More work, more days (Direct)
100 men, in x days, do the whole of More hours, less days (Inverse)
the work.
12 :18
35
100 men, in 35 days, do the of 1: 2 :: 20 : x
x
10 : 9
the work.
Case II: Work done by 200 men in 5 days. or, 12 × 1 × 10 : 18 × 2 × 9 :: 20 : x
100 men, in x days, do the whole of (Compounding the ratios)
the work. or, 12 × 1 × 10 × x = 18 × 2 × 9 × 20
1 ( Product of extreme terms = Product of
100 men, in 1 day, do the of the mean terms)
x
work. 18 2 9 20
x = = 54 days.
1 12 1 10
1 man, in 1 day, do the of the
100x Ex. 30: 9 men and 3 boys together can do a
work. piece of work in 7 days and 12 men
and 5 boys together can do the same
200
200 men, in 1 day, do the of piece of work in 5 days. How many boys
100 x together with 6 men will finish twice
the work. the work in 21 days?
200 5 Soln: In 7 days a piece of work is done by (9
200 men, in 5 days, do the of
100 x men + 3 boys)
the work. In 1 day a piece of work is done by 7(9
men + 3 boys)
35 200 5
or, 1 In 5 days the same piece of work is
x 100 x
done by (12 men + 5 boys)
45 In 1 day the same piece of work is done
or, 1 by 5(12 men + 5 boys)
x
7(9 men + 3 boys) = 5(12 men + 5 boys)
x = 45 days.
Time and Work 413
K KUNDAN
3 3 3 1
2 days and complete 1 of
required number of boys = (10 – 8) 5 10 10
= 2 boys the work.
Ex. 31: A can do a piece of work in 15 days, B (B + C) can do the whole of the work in
in 12 days and C in 18 days. A began 20 days.
the work. After 2 days, B and C joined
the work. But due to illness, 3 days 1
(B + C)’s 1 day’s work = and
after the joining of B, A left the job. 20
Again due to injury to B, he left the job
2 days before the completion of the 1
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
work. C completed the remaining work. 10
In how many days the whole work is
completed? 1 1 1
A’s 1 day’s work =
Soln: Let the work be completed in x days. 10 20 20
A worked for (2 + 3 =) 5 days A can complete the whole of the work
B worked for (x – 2 – 2 =) x – 4 days in 20 days.
C worked for (x – 2) days 1
and 1 day’s work of A, B and C (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 20 and
1 1 1
=
, and 1
15 12 18 C’s 1 day’s work =
Work done by A, B and C 60
5 x 4 x 2 B’s 1 day’s work
=
15 12 18 1 1 3 1 2 1
Now, according to the question, =
20 60 60 60 30
5 x 4 x 2 B can do the same work in 30 days.
1 Hence, A, B and C can take 20 days, 30
15 12 18
days and 60 days respectively to finish
(5 12) 15 (x 4) 10 (x 2) the work.
or, 1
180
414 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
or, x = = 5 days. (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 16
u
1 1
Now putting the value of u = in equation (B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
5 24
(i), we have
A’s 1 day’s work
1
2 × + 9v = 1 1 1 32 1
5 =
16 24 48 48
2 3
or, 9v = 1 A can do the whole of the work in 48
5 5 days.
3 1 1 6 48 6
v=
5 9 15 A can do of the work in
16 16
1 18 days.
and y = = 15 days. Ex. 35: A can do a piece work in 120 days and
v
B can do it in 150 days. They work
Ex. 34: A and B can do a piece of work in 30
together for 20 days. Then B leaves and
days while B and C can do the same
A continues the work alone, 12 days
work in 24 days and C and A in 20
after that C joins A and the work is
days. They all work for 10 days when
com plet ed in 48 days more. In how
B and C leave. How many days more
many days can C do i t if he wor ks
will A take to finish the work?
alone?
Soln: (A + B) can do a piece of work in 30 Soln: Let C take x days to complete the job.
days. A takes 120 days and B takes 150 days to
1 complete the same job.
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work = Now, A works for (20 + 12 + 48 =) 80
30
days, B works for 20 days and C works
Similarly, (B + C)’s and (A + C)’s 1 day’s
for 48 days.
1 1 Again,
work = and respectively. A’s 80 days’ work + B’s 20 days’ work +
24 20
C’s 48 days’ work = 1
Time and Work 415
K KUNDAN
80 80 120
work.
Now A, B and C together complete the 9 (3 2) 4 1
=
3 240 240 60
th of the work in 20 days. A completes the job in 60 days.
4
Practice Exercise
1. A and B can polish the floors of a building in 5. A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days
and B and C can do it in 15 days. If all the
1
25 days. A alone can do of this job in 15 three work together, it can be finished in 10
3 days. How long will it take for A and C to do
days. In how many days can B alone polish it together?
the floors of the building? 6. A can do a piece of work in 10 days and B in
2. P can complete a peice of work in 15 days, Q is 20 days. They work together but 2 days before
50% more efficient than P. How long will P the completion of the work, A leaves. In how
and Q together take to complete the work? many days was the work completed?
3. Suneeta can embroider a saree in 15 days. 7. A can do a piece of work in 24 days, B in 36
Her sister-in-law Abha can do the job in 10 days and C in 48 days. All the three began
days. They star t embr oidering t he saree the work together but after 4 days C left the
together, but two days later Abha gives up the wor k. B lef t t he wor k 3 days bef or e the
work and goes to her parents. In how many completion of the work. In how many days
days will Suneeta finish the remaining work the whole work will be finished.
of embroidering the saree? 8. A can complete a job in 9 days, B can do the
4. A and B can do a work in 45 and 40 days same job in 10 days and C in 15 days. B and
respectively. They began the work together, C together started the work but had to leave
but A left after some time and B finished the the work after 2 days. Find the number of
remaining work in 23 days. After how many days in which A alone will be able to complete
days did A leave? the remaining job.
416 Concept of Arithmetic
9. A can complete a work in 10 days, B in 12 letters. In how many days of 8 hours each
days and C in 15 days. All of them began the will 10 compositor s set 1000 pages of a
work together, but A had to leave the work manuscript, each page of 45 lines with 50
after 2 days of the start and B 3 days before letters in each line?
the completion of the work. How long did the 2 0 . 75 boys do a piece of work in 24 days. How
work last? many men will finish the double work in 20
10. A and B can complete a piece of work in 8 days when one day work of 2 men is equal to
days, B and C in 12 days and C and A in 15 one day’s work of 3 boys?
days. In how many days can C alone complete 21. If 38 men, working 6 hours a day, can do a
the work? piece of work in 12 days find the number of
11. A certain number of persons can complete a days in which 57 men, working 8 hours a
work in 100 days. If there were 10 persons day, can do a piece of work twice as great,
less, it would have taken 10 days more for supposing that 2 men of the first set do as
the work to be completed. How many persons much work in one hour as 3 men of t he
were in the beginning?
1
12. Hariram is thrice as good a workman as Kamal second set do in 1 hours.
and takes 10 days less than Kamal to complete 2
a piece of work. In how much time can Kamal 2 2 . A can do a piece of work in 30 days. B and C
complete that work? together can do the same work in 20 days. A
13. A is twice as good a workman as B and together
2
they can complete a piece of work in 14 days. and B worked together and completed of
In how many days can it be done by A alone? 3
14. 10 persons begin to work together on a job the work in 12 days. How many days will be
but after some days 4 persons leave. As a required by C to complete the remaining work?
r esult, t he job which could hav e been 3
completed in 40 days is completed in 50 days. 23. A does of a work in 12 days and finishes
10
How many days after the commencement of
the work did the 4 persons leave? the remaining work with the assistance of B
15. A fort is provisioned for 32 days for some in 7 days. In how many days can B alone do
K KUNDAN
soldiers. After 4 days, a reinforcement of 150 the whole work?
soldiers arrives and the food will last for 21 24. 15 persons working 8 hours a day can complete
days only. How many soldiers were there in a work in 21 days. How many days will 14
the fort in the beginning? 1
16. A, B and C completes a piece of work in 25, persons take to complete a work 1 times as
2
20 and 24 days respectively. All work together
for 2 days and then A and B leave the work. great, if they work 6 hours a day?
25. If 4 men or 6 boys complete a work in 20
3 days, then in how many days will 6 men and
C wor ks for next 8 days and t hen A
5 11 boys working together complete the same
alongwith D joins C and all finish the work wor k?
in next three days. In how many days D alone 26. If 4 men or 8 boys complete a work in 15
can complete the whole work? days, then in how many days will 3 men and
17. 64 persons can dig a trench 50 m long, 2 m 4 boys working together complete thrice of
wide and 2 m deep in 5 days working 12 the work?
hours daily. In how many days, working 8 27. 1 man or 2 women or 3 boys complete a certain
hours daily, will 80 persons dig anot her work in 44 days. In how many days will 1
trench 75 m long, 4 m wide and 3 m deep? man, 1 woman and 1 boy working together
18. A contractor undertakes to build a house in 8 complete it?
months. He plans to complete the work in 28. If 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of
time with 210 men working 20 days in a work in 12 days, in what time will 40 men
month at 6 hours a day. However, he manages and 45 boys finish another piece of work 3
to get only 140 men and is allowed 12 months times as great supposing 16 men can do as
to complete the work. If his men worked for much work in 8 hours as 12 boys do in 24
24 days a month, how many hours a day hours?
should they work to complete the work? 29. A man, a woman and a boy can do a piece of
19. 5 press compositors can set 600 pages of a work in 3, 4 and 12 days respectively. How
many boys must assist one man and one woman
1 to complete the work in one day?
manuscript in 16 days of 10 hours each.
2 30. A can do a piece of work in 10 days, while B
Each page has 60 lines and each line has 40 can do the same in 30 days and C in 60 days.
Time and Work 417
If A is assisted by B and C respectively on wall the other would take 10 hours. However,
alternate days, find the number of days in he knew from experience that when t hey
which the work will be finished. worked together, 10 fewer bricks got laid per
31. If 3 men and 5 women do a piece of work in hour. He put both the men on the job and
8 days and 2 men and 7 children do the same found that it takes exactly 5 hours to build
piece of work in 12 days, show that 10 women the wall. How much bricks did it contain?
can do as much work in a day as 21 children. 38. A contractor undertook to finish a piece of
32. 2 men and 7 children together complete a job work in 150 days. He employed 20 men, 30
in 16 days while 3 men and 8 childr en women and 75 children for it, but at the end
complete it in 12 days. In how many days of 60 days, finding that one fourth of the work
will 8 men and 8 children working together was done, he dismissed all the women and
complete twice the job? 50 of the children and employed more men.
33. A and B could do a piece of work in 30 days. The work was then finished 5 days before
After working for 10 days, they are assisted the stipulated time. Assuming that 3 men
by C and the work is finished in 10 days. If C could do as much work as 5 women and 2
does as much work in 2 days as B does in 3 women as much as 3 children, find the number
days, in how many days could A do the same of additional men employed by the contractor.
work alone? 39. A and B, working separately, can mow a field
34. It takes 8, 12 and 16 days for X, Y and Z in 12 and 15 hours respectively. They work
respectively to complete a work. How many alternately, each for 1 hour, with A beginning
days will it take to complete the work if X at 5 am. At what time will the mowing be
works on it for 2 days, then Y works on it for completed?
until 25% of the work is left for Z to do, and 40. A and B together can do a piece of work in 12
then Z completes the work? days and B and C together in 15 days. If A is
35. A and B can do a work in 12 days while B twice as good a workman as C, in what time
will B alone do it?
2
and C can do it in 6 days. After A had 41. A contractor undertakes to do a certain job in
3 45 days and employs 15 persons on it. At the
worked on it for 3 days and B for 4 days, C end of 36 days the work is only half-done.
K KUNDAN
finished the work in 7 days. In how many How many extr a persons should he now
days could each do the work separately? employ to finish the work in time?
36. A task can be completed by 3 men working 42. To do a certain piece of work, B takes four
times as long as A and C together and C takes
3
for a day, or by 8 women working for th of three times as long as A and B together. If all
4 of them working together complete the work
a day, or by 18 children working for half a in 12 days, how long would A alone take to
day. If 3 women and 3 children have already do the work?
been hired for a day, how many men should 43. A and B can complete a piece of work in 8
be hir ed and for how many days f or t he and 10 days respectively. However, they work
completion of the task? alternately, one day each, with A beginning
37. A contractor estimated that one of his two the work. In how much time will the work be
masons would take 9 hours to build a certain completed?
K KUNDAN
= 2 1 1 3
6 3 =
12 15 20
1 2 Work done by A and C in 1 day
Remaining work = 1
3 3
1 3 1
Now, =
5 20 20
Suneeta completes the work in 15 days
A and C together can do it in 20 days.
2 6. Suppose the work is finished in x days.
Suneet a complet es of t he wor k in
3
x 2 x
Then, 1
2 10 20
15 days = 10 days.
3 [ A works for (x – 2) days.]
Hence, Suneet a will finish t he r emaining 2x 4 x
work of embroidering in 10 days. or, 1
20
4. A alone can do the work in 45 days.
B alone can do the work in 40 days. or, 3x – 4 = 20
or, 3x = 24
1 or, x = 8 days
A’s 1 day’s work = and
45 Hence, the work was completed in 8 days.
7. A, B and C do the piece of work in 24
1 days, 36 days and 48 days respectively.
B’s 1 day’s work =
40 1
A’s, B’s and C’s 1 day’s work will be ,
1 1 45 40 24
(A + B) ’s 1 day’s work = =
40 45 45 40 1 1
and respectively.
Let after x days A left the work. Therefore, A 36 48
and B together worked for x days. Work done by all the three together in 4
85x days
(A + B) ’s x days’ work =
45 40 1 1 1 13 13
Again, B works alone for 23 days. = 4 4
24 36 48 144 36
Time and Work 419
Again, in last 3 days, work done by B 9. Let the work is completed in x days.
1 1 According to the question,
= 3 A worked for 2 days.
36 12
B worked together for (x – 3) days.
13 1 20 5
remaining work = 1 C worked for all x days.
36 12 36 9 A completes the work in 10 days.
Now, according t o t he quest ion, t his
remaining work is done by A and B. 1
The work done by A in 1 day =
1 1 5 10
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
24 36 72
2 1
5 The work done by A in 2 days =
of the work is done by (A + B) in 1 day. 10 5
72
5 1
of t he work is done by (A + B) in Similarly, the work done by B in 1 day =
9 12
The work done by B in (x – 3) days =
72 5
8 days.
5 9 x 3 1
and the work done by C in 1 day =
Hence, total time taken to finish the work 12 15
= (4 + 3 + 8) = 15 days.
Alternative Method: x
The work done by C in x days =
Let the work be finish in x days. 15
Working time for A = (x – 3) days But the total work done is 1
Working time for B = x days
Working time for C = 4 days 1 x 3 x
1
Work done by them 5 12 15
(x 3) x x 12 5 (x 3) 4x
1 1
24 36 48 or,
60
or, 6(x – 3) + 4x + 12 = 144
K KUNDAN
or, 10x = 150 or, 12 + 5x – 15 + 4x = 60
x = 15 or, 9x = 63
Hence, total time taken to finish the work is 63
15 days. x = = 7 days.
9
8. A can complete the work in 9 days.
1 1
A’s 1 day’s work = 10. (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
9 8
B can complete the work in 10 days.
1
1 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = and
B’s 1 day’s work = 12
10
C can complete the work in 15 days. 1
(C + A)’s 1 day’s work =
1 15
C’s 1 day’s work =
15 On adding all the three, we have
B and C worked for 2 days 1 1 1
(B + C)’s 1 day’s work 2 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
8 12 15
1 1 3 2 1
= 15 10 8 33 11
10 15 30 6 =
120 120 40
1 1
(B + C)’s 2 day’s work = 2 11 11
6 3 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
40 2 80
1 2 C’s 1 day’s work
Remaining work = 1 = (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work –
3 3
(A+B)’s 1 day’s work
1
Now, A does of the work in 1 day. 11 1 11 10 1
9 =
80 8 80 80
2 2 C alone can finish the work in 80 days.
A does of the work in 9 = 6 days.
3 3
420 Concept of Arithmetic
11. Let there be x persons in the beginning. 15. There is provision for food for 32 days in the
Now, x persons complete the work in 100 fort for some soldiers.
days and (x – 10) persons complete the work Let the number of soldiers be x initially.
in 110 days. After 4 days 150 more soldiers arrived.
Here there are two quantities person and day. Now food is available for x soldiers for
Both are inversely proportional to each other. (32 – 4 =) 28 days.
ie less person, more days. But , due to ar rival of 150 soldier s, f ood
x : (x – 10) :: 110 : 100 finished in 21 days only.
or, (x × 100) = (x – 10) × 110 Now the above question can be summarised
as “A fort is provisioned for 32 days for x
x 110
or, soldiers and for 21 days for (x + 150) soldiers.
x 10 100 Find the value of x.”
or, 110x – 1100 = 100x Here there are two quantities: Soldiers and
or, 10x = 1100 Days.
Here inverse relation exists between number
1100
x = = 110 of soldier s and number of days as when
10 number of soldiers increases, number of days
Hence, there were 110 persons originally. decreases.
12. Harir am is thrice as good a workman as
Kamal.
Ratio of time taken by Hariram and Kamal
= 1 : 3
If difference of time is 2 days, Kamal takes 3 Hence,
days. 21 : 28 :: x : x + 150
If difference of time is 10 days, Kamal takes or, 21(x + 150) = 28x
3 x 21
10 = 15 days. or,
2 x 150 28
13. Let the time taken by B alone to complete the or, 28x = 21(x + 150)
K KUNDAN
work be 2x days. Since A is twice as good a or, 7x = 3150
workman as B, then time taken by A alone to 3150
complete the work = x days. or, x = = 450
7
Now,
Thus, t here were 450 soldiers in t he fort
1 initially.
Work done by A in 1 day =
x 16. Time taken by A to complete the work = 25 days.
Time taken by B to complete the work = 20 days.
1 Time taken by C to complete the work = 24 days.
Work done by B in 1 day =
2x A works for (3 + 2 =) 5 days.
Work done by (A + B) in 1 day 1 1
1 1 2 1 3 A’s 5 days’ work = 5
= 25 5
x 2x 2x 2x B works for 2 days.
3 1 2 1
Clearly,
2x 14 B’s 2 days’ work =
20 10
or, 2x = 42
3 68
42 C works for 2 8 3 days = days
x = = 21 5 5
2
Hence, A alone can complete the work in 21 68 68 17
C’s days’ work =
days. 5 5 24 30
14. Suppose 4 persons leave after x days. It means Let D complete the work in x days.
that 10 persons work for x days and (10 – 4 =)
6 persons work for (50 – x) days. Then 1
D’s 1 day’s work =
40 days’ work done by 10 persons = x days’ x
work done by 10 persons + (50 – x) days’ work D works for 3 days.
done by 6 persons
or, 10 × 40 = 10x + 6(50 – x) 3
D’s 3 days’ work =
or, 4x = 100 x
or, x = 25 days.
Time and Work 421
K KUNDAN
Less hours, more days (Inverse)
10 : 5
600 : 1000
1
8 : 10 :: 16 : x
Hence, 2
80 : 64 60 : 45
8 : 12 40 : 50
50 : 75 :: 5 : x
or, 10 × 600 × 8 × 60 × 40 :
2 : 4
21
2 : 3
5 × 1000 × × 45 × 50 :: 16 : x
or, 80 × 8 × 50 × 2 × 2 : 64 × 12 × 75 × 4 × 3 :: 5 : x 2
(Compounding the ratios) (Compounding the ratios)
or, 80 × 8 × 50 × 2 × 2 × x = 64 × 12 × 75 × 4 × 3 × 5
( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean or, 10 × 600 × 8 × 60 × 40 × x
terms)
21
64 12 75 4 3 5 = 5 × 1000 × × 45 × 50 × 16
2
or, x = = 27 days
80 8 50 2 2 ( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
18. Here there are four quantities : Men, Days, terms)
Months and Hours. We have to calculate 5 1000 21 45 50 16
number of hours. x=
10 600 8 60 40 2
Following relationships exist:
Less men, more hours (Inverse) 37800 37800
More days, less hours (Inverse) = = = 16.40
48 48 2304
More months, less hours (Inverse) required number of days = 16.40 days.
Clearly, 2 0 . 3 boys = 2 men
2
75 boys = 75 = 50 men
3
1 work is finished in 24 days by 50 men
422 Concept of Arithmetic
2
(A + B) can do of the work in 12 days.
Hence, 3
(A + B) can do the whole of the work in
20 : 24
:: 50 : x 12 3
1 : 2 = 18 days.
2
or, 20 × 1 : 24 × 2 :: 50 : x
(Compounding the ratios) 1
K KUNDAN
or, 20 × 1 × x = 24 × 2 × 50 (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
18
( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean B’s 1 day’s work
terms) = (A + B)’s 1 day’s work – A’s 1 day’s work
24 2 50 1 1 2 1
x= = 120 =
20 18 30 90 45
required answer = 120 men. B can complete the work in 45 days.
1 C’s 1 day’s work
21. 1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1 hours = (B + C)’s 1 day’s work – B’s 1 day’s work
2
work of 3 men of second group 1 1 1
=
1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1 hour 20 45 36
work of 4.5 men of second group C can complete the work in 36 days.
( if 3 men do a work in 1.5 hours, it will be
completed in 1 hour by 3 × 1.5 = 4.5 men) 2 1
2 men of first group = 4.5 men of second Remaining work = 1
3 3
group
C can do the whole of the work in 36 days.
or, 4 men of first group = 9 men of the second
group 1 1
C can do of the work in 36 12
9 3 3
or, 38 men of the first group = 38 = 85.5
4 days.
men of the second group 23. Let B alone can do the work in x days.
the problem has changed as follows
1
1 day’s work of B =
x
3
Here, following relationships exist: A finishes of the work in 12 days.
10
(i) more work, more days (Direct)
(ii) more hours per day, less days (Inverse) 1 3 1
1 day’s work of A =
(iii) less men, more days (Inverse) 12 10 40
Time and Work 423
3 7 6 6
Remaining work = 1 or, 6 men = = 9 boys
10 10 4
6 men + 11 boys = 9 boys + 11 boys = 20 boys
1 1
1 day’s work of A and B = 6 boys complete a work in 20 days.
x 40 1 boy complete a work in (20 × 6) days.
As A and B finished the remaining work in 7 20 boys complet e the same wor k in
days, the work done by them in 7 days
20 6
6 days.
1 1 20
= 7
x 40 26. 4 men = 8 boys
1 1 7 8
or, 7 1 man = 2 boys
x 40 10 4
1 1 1 3 men + 4 boys = (3 × 2) boys + 4 boys = 10 boys
or, Here, we have three quantities: Boys, Work
x 40 10
and Days. We have to calculate number of
1 1 1 4 1 3 days. Here following relationships exist:
or, More boys, less days (Inverse)
x 10 40 40 40
More work, more days (Direct)
1 Clearly,
or, x = 13
3
1
B alone can do the work in 13 days.
3 Hence,
24. Here t here ar e the following quantities :
Persons, Hours, Work and Days. We have to 10 : 8
:: 15 : x
calculat e number of days. Following 1 : 3
K KUNDAN
relationships exist: or, 10 × 1 : 8 × 3 :: 15 : x
Less persons, more days (Inverse) (Compounding the ratios)
Less hours, more days (Inverse) or, 10 × 1 × x : 8 × 3 × 15
More work, more days (Direct) ( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
Clearly,
terms)
8 3 15
x = = 36
10
Hence, required answer = 36 days.
27. 1 man = 3 boys
14 : 15 2 women = 3 boys
6 : 8 :: 21 : x 3
3 1 woman = boys
1 : 2
2
1 man + 1 woman + 1 boy
3
or, 14 × 6 × 1 : 15 × 8 × :: 21 : x 3
2 = 3 boys + boys + 1 boy
2
(Compounding the ratios)
11
3 = boys
or, 14 × 6 × 1 × x = 15 × 8 × × 21 2
2
( Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
3 boys complete the work in 44 days.
1 boy complete the work in (44 × 3) days
terms)
11 44 3 2
15 8 3 21 boys complete the work in
x = = 45 2 11
14 6 2
24 days.
Hence required answer = 45 days.
28. The work is completed by 16 men in 8
25. 4 men = 6 boys
hours
6 The work is completed in 1 hour by (16 × 8)
or, 1 man = boys men.
4
424 Concept of Arithmetic
K KUNDAN
complete the work in 1 day. children
or, 40 women = 84 children
1
Part of the work done by the man in 1 day = or, 10 women = 21 children.
3 32. In 16 days a piece of work is done by
Part of the work done by the woman in 1 day (2 men + 7 children)
1 In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
= 16(2 men + 7 children)
4
In 12 days a piece of work is done by
x (3 men + 8 children)
Part of the work done by x boys in 1 day = In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
12
12(3 men + 8 children)
1 1 x 16(2 men + 7 children) = 12(3 men + 8
and, 1 children)
3 4 12
or, 32 men + 112 children = 36 men + 96
x 1 1 7 5 childr en
or, 1 1
12 3 4 12 12 or, 4 men = 16 children
1 man = 4 children
x= 5
Now,
number of boys = 5
2 men + 7 children = 8 children + 7 children
30. According to the question, on the first day A
= 15 children
and B together do the work whereas on the
8 men + 8 children = 32 children + 8 children
second day A and C together do the work.
= 40 children
1 1 4 2 15 children complete a piece of work in
1 day’s work of A and B =
10 30 30 15 16 days.
1 child completes the same piece of work
15 in (16 × 15) days.
The whole work is done by A and B = days 40 children complete the same piece of work
2
16 15
1 1 7 in days.
1 day’s work of A and C = 40
10 60 60
Time and Work 425
K KUNDAN
1 Let Y work for x days.
33. (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
30
1
1 1 Y’s 1 day’s work =
(A + B)’s 10 days’ work = 10 12
30 3
1 2 x
Remaining work = 1 Y’s x days’ work =
3 3 12
Now, Again, since the whole work is 1.
2 1 x 1
1
(A + B + C)’s 10 days’ work = 4 12 4
3
x 1 1 1 1
2 1 or, 1 1
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 12 4 4 2 2
3 10 15
C’s 1 day’s work= (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s 12 1
x = = 6
work – (A + B)’s 1 day’s 2
work Hence Y works for 6 days.
1 1 2 1 1 Total number of days in which work is
= completed 2 + 6 + 4 = 12 days.
15 30 30 30
35. Let A, B and C’s daily work be x, y and z.
C alone can finish the work in 30 days. Since A and B completes the work in 12 days,
Now, it is given that C does as much work in
2 days as B does in 3 days. 1
A and B’s one day’s work = x + y =
The work which C does in 30 days, will be 12
3 1
done by B in 30 45 days. x= y
2 12
B alone will finish the work in 45 days. Similarly, both B and C can complete the work
1 2 20
B’s 1 day’s work = in 6 days = days
45 3 3
426 Concept of Arithmetic
1 1
K KUNDAN
or, x = y Work completed by 1 child in 1 day =
12 9
Work completed by 3 children in 1 day
1 1
or, x =
12 20 3 1
=
9 3
53
or, x = So, work completed by 3 women and 3 children
60
1 1 5
2 1 in one day =
or, x = 2 3 6
60 30
5 1
Similarly, Work to be completed = 1
6 6
3
z = y
20 1
The time taken by 1 men to complete
6
3 1
or, z =
20 20 1 1
work = 3 day
6 2
2 1
or, z = So, 1 man should be hired for one day.
20 10 37. Let the number of bricks in the wall be x.
Part of the wall built by both in one hour will
1 1
A, B and C’s one day’s work is , and be
30 20
1 1 19
1 =
respectively. 9 10 90
10 time taken to complete the wall when both
A, B and C can complete the work in 30,
20 and 10 days respectively. 90
are working will be = hour
36. From the question, 19
Time taken by 3 men to complete the work
= 1 day
Time and Work 427
K KUNDAN
3 39. According to the question,
2 3 2 1
= man Work done by A in first hour =
3 5 5 12
20 men + 30 women + 75 children
1
3 2 Work done by B in second hour =
15
= 20 30 75 men
5 5 Work done in two hours
= 20 + 18 + 30 = 68 men 1 1 54 3
According to the question, =
12 15 60 20
1 or, Work done by (A + B) in 12 hours
Time required for of the work = 60 days.
4
3 12 9
=
1 3 20 2 10
Remaining work = 1 of the work. Now, in 13th hour, it is the turn of A
4 4
Now, number of days required for the rest of or, Work done in 13 hours
the work = (150 – 60) – 5 = 85 days. 9 1 54 5 59
Here we have three quantities: Work, Day, =
10 12 60 60
and Men. We have to calculate number of men.
or, Remaining work after 13 hours
Here following relationships exist:
More work, more men (Direct) 59 1
More days, less men (Inverse) = 1
60 60
Clearly,
1
or, Time taken by B to do work
60
1 1 15 1
= hour = 15 minutes
1 60 60 4
15
428 Concept of Arithmetic
Total time taken to complete the whole work 42. Let A and B together complete the work in x
= 13 hours + 15 minutes days.
Hence, mowing will be completed at
1
5 am + 13:15 hours = 18:15 hours (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
= 6:15 pm x
40. Let A alone complete the work in x days. According to the question,
C alone will take 2x days to complete it.
1
Let B alone complete the work in y days. C’s 1 day’s work =
According to the question, 3x
Again, let (A + C) complete the work in y days.
1 1 1
......(i) and 1
x y 12
(A + C)’s 1 day’s work = y
1 1 1
......(ii) 1
y 2x 15
B’s 1 day’s work = 4y
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
1 1 1 1 1 1
Now, A + B = and B = 4y
x 2x 12 15 x
2 1 5 4 1 1
or, A’s 1 day’s work = x 4y ......(i)
2x 60
1 1 1 1
or,
2x 60 A + C = y and C =
3x
60 1 1
or, x = = 30
2 A’s 1 day’s work = y 3x ......(ii)
From equation (i),
K KUNDAN
From equations (i) and (ii),
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
30 y 12
x 4y y 3x
1 1 1 52 3 1
or, y 12 30 60 60 20 1
1
1
1
or, x 3x 4y y
B alone will complete the work in 20 days.
41. Here, there are three quantities: Days, Work 4 5
and Men. or,
3x 4y
Following relationship exists:
Less days, more men (Inverse) or, 16y = 15x ......(iii)
Less work, less man (Direct) 1 1 16
Now, (A + C)’s 1 day’s work = ;
y 15 x 15 x
16
1
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work = and
x
Where x = number of men 1 1
9 : 36 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 4y 3x
:: 15 : x
1 1 1 1 4 1 9
: =
2 2 15 x 3x 15 x 3x 15 x
4
1 1 16
or, 9 × × x = 36 × × 15 Now, adding to above three,
2 2
2(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work
36 15
or, x = = 60 16 1 9 40 8
9 =
15 x x 15 x 15 x 3x
Number of additional men = (60 – 15 =) 45.
Time and Work 429
8 4
1 1 1 1 15 4 11 completed by A in day.
= 10 5
6 4 15 16 60 240 240
Hence the required time to complete the work
240 4 4
A alone will complete the work in
= 8 8
K KUNDAN
11 days.
5 5
days.