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This recommendation describes the transition from conventional to simplified drawings. It provides
a means of transferring informational content which is traditionally contained in drawings to the 3D
CAD model or to external files or databases.
Product descriptions found in modern drawings are reduced to a minimum. The totality of the
master data found in the drawings consisting of automotive-industry-typical product descriptions is
divided into an industry-recommended master data sheet and company-defined master data. It
describes how this information removed from the drawing can be standardised and structured in a
master data sheet to enable clear access and data transfer. Comments are also included on the
usability of suitable data formats, and recommendations on various applications are made using
examples.
The main purpose of this guideline is to ensure that text descriptions which are currently
presented via the medium of drawings are made available to product data management systems
as electronically processible content. Technical directives, test specifications, normative
references and descriptions of technical revisions over the product life cycle are also dealt with.
By defining the master data sheet, this recommendation has created a basic structure which will
better enable the automotive industry to meet the constantly growing requirements with regard to
statutory regulations and product liability in future through the use of product data management
systems. Furthermore, it will be possible to minimise the extra input required for the parallel
maintenance of product information in drawings and in the product data management system and
to improve data consistency.
The recommendation deals with the following subject areas:
• Structuring of product data in master data sheet, simplified drawing and 3D model
• Minimum content of 3D CAD model, simplified drawing and master data sheet
• Extent of dimensioning on simplified drawings.
• Treatment of technical directives, specifications, normative references
• Company-defined master data
• Possibility of maintaining master data for several companies simultaneously
• Descriptions of revisions
• Dealing with multilingual master data
• Conformity of master data sheet to STEP AP 214
• Handling of existing standards and archiving
VDA “CAD/CAM” Working Party: Audi, Becker Group, Behr, BMW, Bosch, Brose, Continental, Continental Teves, DaimlerChrysler,
Delphi Deutschland GmbH, Flachglas, Ford, Freudenberg, Hella, Iveco, Johnson Controls, Karmann, Keiper, Mahle Filtersysteme,
Kostal, Krupp Bilstein, Küster, Lucas, MAN, Mannesmann- Sachs, Mannesmann- VDO, Opel, Pierburg, Porsche, Sekurit, Siemens,
Volkswagen, Wabco, Webasto, ZF Friedrichshafen
Published by: Copyright:
German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) Reproduction, in whole or in part, is only
Westendstrasse 61 permitted with the prior approval of the
Postfach 17 05 63 publisher.
D-60079 Frankfurt / M., Germany
Tel. +49 (0)69/97507-283
Fax +49 (0)69/97507-300
VDA Recommendation 4953 -2-
1 Foreword _______________________________________________________ 3
2 Scope __________________________________________________________ 3
3 General _________________________________________________________ 3
4 Product presentation via 3D CAD model, simplified drawing and master data
sheet ______________________________________________________________ 5
5 Minimum content and execution ____________________________________ 7
5.1 Execution of 3D CAD model __________________________________________ 7
5.2 Minimum content of master data sheet _________________________________ 8
5.3 Minimum content and execution of simplified CAD drawing _______________ 8
6 Definition of master data attributes to VDA 4953 _______________________ 9
6.1 Definition of generally applicable attributes _____________________________ 9
6.2 Definition of company-defined attributes ______________________________ 15
7 Structure of the master data sheet _________________________________ 15
7.1 Content of the master data sheet _____________________________________ 16
7.2 Multiple occurrences of keywords ____________________________________ 17
7.3 Revision description _______________________________________________ 18
8 Use of master data sheet _________________________________________ 19
8.1 Output options and data exchange ___________________________________ 19
8.2 Handling of existing standards and archiving __________________________ 19
9 XML syntax of master data sheet to VDA 4953________________________ 20
9.1 Elements of an XML master data sheet ________________________________ 21
9.2 Examples of entries in XML file ______________________________________ 23
9.3 Revision descriptions in master data sheet ____________________________ 24
9.3.1 Description of revision of master data sheet ___________________________________24
9.3.2 Revisions of simplified drawing in master data sheet_____________________________25
9.3.3 Description of revision of 3D CAD model in master data sheet _____________________26
10 Example of drawing simplification in accordance with VDA 4953 ______ 27
11 Comparison of VDA 4953 XML format with STEP____________________ 37
12 Conclusion and prospects ______________________________________ 37
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VDA Recommendation 4953 -3-
1 Foreword
Different versions of reduced or simplified drawing records are currently in everyday use in the
industry. This recommendation describes the transition from conventional to simplified
drawings taking account of the points listed.
It provides a means of transferring informational content which is traditionally contained in
drawings to the 3D CAD model or to external files or databases.
PDM (product data management) systems are becoming increasingly popular in the industry.
However, a wealth of information (e.g. texts) without any direct reference to geometry is still
being managed in drawings and therefore entails a relatively large amount of work if it is to be
transferred to other computer systems. It is recommended that organisational master data and
design features relating to the part as a whole be moved to separate files, databases or
product management systems, meaning they are no longer an integral part of the 3D model
and drawing. The points listed in this guideline should be observed. The management of this
product data in any PDM systems used and system-neutral data exchange are guaranteed as
a result.
If no PDM system is yet in use in the companies, switching to VDA 4953 is a suitable means of
paving the way for the future introduction of a PDM system.
The more complex the part geometry, the more beneficial a 3D CAD model is. Drawing
geometry is derived solely from the 3D CAD model. This data has to be retrieved from the 3D
model. All main and functional dimensions, dimensions with a stated tolerance and data with
reference to part geometry are presented as hitherto in a drawing.
This recommendation has been drawn up by the ‘Drawing-free Product Documentation in
Automotive Industry’ working group of the VDA CAD/CAM working party.
2 Scope
This recommendation applies where 3D CAD models are used for documenting parts from
which drawings are derived and if text information, unlike in a conventional drawing, is
removed, separately managed and exchanged in order to document parts.
Parts within the meaning of this recommendation include individual parts and assemblies.
This recommendation deals with drawings for production parts, not drawings describing tooling
or production processes.
3 General
By contrast with traditional technical drawings the simplified drawing alone does not fully
describe the part.
The product description in accordance with this recommendation consists of:
• 3D CAD model
• Simplified drawing according to VDA 4953
• Master data sheet according to VDA 4953
The dimensioning in the simplified drawing should be “production- and testing-compliant”. NC
planning systems now use the 3D CAD model as the basis for programming. Consequently,
the fully dimensioned description of the part shape and design in the drawing is no longer
appropriate. It is more or less impossible with free-form geometry.
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VDA Recommendation 4953 -4-
Master data
sheet 3D CAD
model
• Viewing
Simplified
File/database • Data exchange
CAD drawing
• Data processing
• Archiving
PDM system
Fig. 3-1: Presentation of product data by combining the simplified drawing with the relevant
three-dimensional data record (3D CAD model) and the master data sheet
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VDA Recommendation 4953 -5-
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VDA Recommendation 4953 -6-
Design master data Unit, weight, quantity, In title block / frame of drawing Separate file/database*
relating to overall material, hardness,
part tempering, material
treatment, semi-
finished product,
surface treatment,
coating,
aftertreatment,
surface finish
Revisions: Revision index Revision index on geometry in views, = conventional drawing;
identification on sections, details also indication of 3D co-ordinates
geometry
Revisions: Revision index Revision table in title block or separately, Separate file/database*
description reference via revision index
Notes and Technical As text in drawing Separate file/database*
instructions relating specification, supply
to part specification,
technical directives,
company standard
Characteristics, Material, hardness, As text with reference to geometry in = conventional drawing
notes and technical tempering, material projected views, sections, details
directives relating treatment, surface
to geometry treatment, coating,
aftertreatment,
surface finish,
technical
specification,
company standard,
parts identification,
technical directives
* ) Note:
“Separate file/database“ also includes the option for storing this data in the CAD model or in a
PDM system.
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The simplified drawing must be produced in accordance with the following requirements:
• The geometry of the drawing is completely derived from the 3D CAD model.
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The “Multilingual” column marks the attributes whose content may be multilingual.
Multilingual
Title block
Organisational attributes
Owner (company name) / OWNER m m 1 - Name of organisation which owns
company document (simplified drawing, 3D CAD
model and master data sheet)
Also indicates what is binding in event of
entries for several companies in cases of
doubt
Copyright notice COPYRIGHT op op 1 op Description of type of copyright
protection.
Project PROJECT - op 1 op Project identification in accordance with
owner’s specification
Work order number WORK_ORDER_NUMBER - op 1 - Number of design order in accordance
with owner’s specification
Language LANGUAGE - m 1 - Mandatory attribute with multilingual
content in master data sheet. Identifies
binding language in cases of doubt.
ID number of master data MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ m m 1 - Clear identification of master data sheet
sheet ID_NUMBER *) in accordance with owner’s coding
system
*) Only mandatory in text block if different
ID numbers are used for simplified
drawing and master data sheet
Revision level of master data MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ op m 1 - Clear identification of revision level of
sheet REVISION_LEVEL master data sheet in accordance with
owner’s coding system
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Multilingual
Title block
Release status MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ - op 1 op Release status in conjunction with
RELEASED_STATUS (revision) level of specified master data
sheet
Released by MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ - op 1 - Name of person releasing master data
RELEASED_BY sheet
Release date MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ - op 1 - Date on which master data sheet was
RELEASED_DATE released
Checked by MASTER_DATA_SHEET_ - op 1 - Name of person(s) who checked content
CHECKED_BY and updating of master data sheet (must
be specified for each company)
Part attributes
Part number PART_NUMBER op m 1 - Clear identification of part in accordance
with owner’s coding system
Name / part PART_NAME op m 1 op Part name in one or more words
Calculated weight (g) WEIGHT_CALCULATED - op 1 - Value and unit of weight (mass) of object
shown, determined by calculating volume,
multiplied by density of material of which
object is made
Measured production weight (g) WEIGHT_FINAL - op 1 - Value and unit of weight (mass) of object
shown for production status, determined
in weighing trials
Measured prototype weight (g) WEIGHT_PROTOTYPE - op 1 - Weight determined in weighing trials of
prototype parts (not yet production status)
Semi-finished product SEMI_FINISHED_PRODUCT - op 1 op Semi-finished product specification. Semi-
finished products are: rolled, forged,
drawn, pressed or otherwise
manufactured profile sections, bars, rods,
tubes, wires, sheets, plates, panels, coils,
strips, foils and similar product forms
Unit system used UNIT_SYSTEM - m 1 - Indication of unit system applicable to
design, e.g. SI
Surface PAINT_SURFACE - op 1 - Size (figure and unit) of surface area of
part shown intended to be painted (End-
of-Life Vehicles Order).
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Multilingual
Title block
Technical directive TECHNICAL_DIRECTIVE - op n op Technical directive relating to handling,
production, assembly, testing, transport,
use etc. of product
Technical specification TECHNICAL_SPECIFICATION - op n op Details of specified product properties
e.g. embodiments, test properties,
permitted and non-permitted product
constituents etc.
Reference REFERENCE - op n - Reference to other
standards/specifications, e.g.
ISO/DIN/ANSI standards, company
standards, test requirements etc.
Material MATERIAL - op 1 op Identification of material from which object
shown is manufactured
Material number ID_NUMBER_MATERIAL - op 1 - ID number of stated material
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Multilingual
Title block
Release date MODEL_3D_RELEASED_DATE - op 1 - Date on which 3D CAD model was
released
Checked by MODEL_3D_CHECKED_BY - op 1 - Name of person(s) who checked content
and updating of 3D CAD model (must be
specified for each company)
Name and version of CAD MODEL_3D_CAD_SYSTEM - op 1 - Details of (CAD) system with relevant
system version used to create 3D CAD model
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Multilingual
Title block
Scale m - 0 - Ratio of linear dimensions of object
shown to object’s actual linear
dimensions. DIN ISO 5455
Projection method op - 0 - Rules for deriving two-dimensional view
of three-dimensional object
Drawing format op - 0 - Format of relevant sheet size
Table 6-1: Definition and use of master data attributes and their keywords
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Company A Company B
conversion into
A´s Master data sheet conversion into B´s
keywords according to
inhouse terms according B´s inhouse terms inhouse terms
VDA 4953
VDA 4953
A´s B´s
conversion table conversion table
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The master data sheet contains the master data of a design which is independent of geometry.
Account is taken of the procedures which are carried out within companies:
• Copying copyrighted drawing content from development partners unchanged into their own
drawing frame
• Writing multilingual drawing content
• Using company-defined attributes
• Maintaining one drawing for several customers
The keyword identifies which general attribute from Table 6-1 or which company-defined
attribute (see paragraph 6.2) is involved. Company-defined keywords (see paragraph 7.3)
must be identified with an underscore “_”.
The name contains the name of the company responsible for the content. It must be entered
for each keyword used. If a keyword has multiple entries with different content for different
companies, e.g. ID numbers for suppliers and customers, the respective company name must
be entered in the Name field. In the case of company-defined keywords the originator of the
keyword should be entered under Name. The owner specifies how the entry under Name is
formed.
The ID is used to number all master data entries. In the case of a multilingual sheet, the same
content has the same ID in all the languages. This enables master data for different
companies to be maintained multilingually in parallel.
The language code in accordance with DIN 2335 (corresponding to ISO 639) is entered under
Language. This indicates the language in which the entry under ‘Content’ was written.
Examples:
de German
en English
es Spanish
fr French
Table 7-1 : Language codes
The master data values are entered under Content. It is assumed that there is no limit to the
length of the entries in ‘Content’.
An example of a possible structure for a master data sheet in tabular form is shown below:
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• Position (identification of link between revision text and position of revision in master data sheet, simplified drawing or 3D
CAD model)
Keywords for revisions should be entered in accordance with the definition in Table 6-1.
The keyword is
• MASTER_DATA_SHEET_REVISION for revisions of organisational attributes or part attributes
• MODEL_3D_REVISION for revisions of the 3D CAD model and
• SIMPLIFIED_DRAWING_REVISION for revisions of the simplified drawing
Multiple revision-related keywords may be used for a company within a master data sheet.
The revision text is input under Revision text. It is assumed that there is no limit to the length
of the entries in ‘Text’.
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1
Tags are the XML elements notated in angle brackets
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</ CONT>
</ COMP>
</ ATTR>
</ VDA4953>
[…] = optional
* = only if key = „XXX_Revision“
* * = only for company-defined keywords
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1
See note under Fig. 9-1
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Example Explanation
<ATTR id=“3“ key="OWNER"> The GOODCAR AG company is the owner of the document.
<COMP name=„ GOODCAR_AG“>
<CONT>GOODCAR AG Germany</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
<ATTR id=“2“ key="PART_NUMBER"> The part number of the part described in this document is
<COMP name=„ GOODCAR_AG“>
<CONT>XY1.522.044.00</CONT> XY1.522.044.00 at GOODCAR_AG
</COMP> and
<COMP name="JEWELPARTS_GMBH"> ZY1.555.001 at JEWELPARTS_GMBH
<CONT>ZY1.555.001</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
<ATTR id=“4“ key="PART_NAME"> The name of the part described in the document is as follows
at GOODCAR_AG
<COMP name=„ GOODCAR_AG“>
German: Traeger fuer Verlaengerung,
<CONT lang="de">
English: AS Extension
Traeger fuer Verlaengerung
</CONT>
<CONT lang="en">
AS Extension
</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
<ATTR id=“5“ key="_AUX_PART_NAME" GOODCAR_AG uses the company-defined attribute
defined="GOODCAR_AG"> “_AUX_PART_NAME”.
<COMP name=„ GOODCAR_AG“>
<CONT lang="de">Sitzkissen</CONT> The content is described in German and English.
<CONT lang="en">Seat cushion</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
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(1) In the event of revisions to content in the master data sheet the previous content is
replaced by the new content. (2) An <ATTR key=“MASTER_DATA_SHEET_REVISION“> block describing
the revision is inserted. (3) The revision order (workorder), person making the revision
(person) and the revision reference can optionally be added to the <CONT> tag. (4) The revision
date (rev_date) must be inserted in the <CONT> tag. (5) The master data sheet revision level
(MASTER_DATA_SHEET_REVISION_LEVEL) is increased.
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If all the revisions of the 3D CAD model are described in the master data sheet, the procedure
is analogous to the description of revisions of the simplified drawing.
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<VDA4953 version="1.0">
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<COMP name="GOODCAR_AG">
<CONT>de</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
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<CONT>45</CONT>
</COMP>
</ATTR>
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</COMP>
</ATTR>
</VDA4953>
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Instructions
Form as per CAD record
Special features
General wall thickness: 2.5 mm
No CFCs may be used in the manufacture of this part (see TL-22)
Material must not contain any cadmium additives (see TL-24)
Part flame-retardant to TLX-789
Part tested to TLP-7886
Odour test to TLX-334
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As exhaustive investigations have shown, the master data defined in VDA 4953 can be
displayed on corresponding constructs in accordance with STEP AP214. AP214 offers an
internationally standardised, semantic data model (modelled in EXPRESS) with an object-
oriented structure that is used beyond industry and application boundaries (CAD, PDM. etc.).
However, the generic approach necessitates a certain size and complexity in the objects to be
instanced. Data which conforms to this data model can be displayed both in the “traditional”
ASCII format defined in STEP Part 21 and also in various XML representations, as defined in
STEP Part 28. Unlike the XML format which is specific to VDA 4953, the STEP-specific XML
format is based on the EXPRESS model of the object structures to be defined (no such model
is defined for the VDA 4953 data structures) and can be derived from this, i.e. it also contains
its generic and complex structure.
Both the multilingual option which is intensively used in VDA 4953 and the parallel description
of the master data to be displayed in different company contexts can therefore be used in
STEP (with the corresponding complexity of the object structures to be instanced), but are not
generally supported by the current generation of processors.
It is therefore recommended that the attribute-oriented structure of the VDA 4953 XML format
be preferred for data exchange and archiving as this has been optimised with regard to its
multilingual capability and the parallel encoding of the master data in accordance with its
company context.
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development with regard to application and data exchange that no benefits can currently be
seen in a purely 3D approach.
One future alternative to CAD data exchange could consist of exchanging 3D design
information via viewing formats across system and corporate boundaries. International
activities for a system-neutral viewing format are leading in this direction. The benefits lie in
the greater protection for in-house design expertise and in system independence.
Work will continue on the refinement of VDA 4953 while monitoring all the national and
international work in this sector.
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