1.

Reaction in a chemical cell:

One metal has a higher tendency to lose electrons than the other
Electrons flow from the metal with the higher tendency to lose electrons (Negative
electrodes) to the metal with lower tendency to lose electrons (Positive electrode)
through the external circuit.
The cations in the electrolyte gain these electrons at the positive electrode.

Cell consisting Mg, Cu, aqueous CuSO4

Negative electrode: Mg (higher tendency of losing e-) Mg(s) -> Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
Positive electrode: Cu (lower tendency to lose e-) Cu2+(s) + 2e- -> Mg(s)

1) Mg dissolves (Mg consumed)

2) Effervescence of colorless gas
3) Pale blue color fades (Cu2+ consumed)
4) Reddish brown solid deposit at positive electrode (formation of Cu)

Disadvantages: Mg in direct contact with CuSO4

 Disp. Reaction
 Some electrons of Mg are transferred to Cu2+ directly without flowing through
the external circuit (conducting wire), some chemical energy is converted to heat
instead of electrical energy
 Low efficiency

Cathode: electrode where reduction takes place

Anode: electrode where oxidation takes place