Chapter 12 Review POGILs on Types of Solids and Alloys- answers to

all of these are available online

Chapter 13 Review Sheet

Chapter 14 Review Sheet

Objective 1: Understand the solution process

1. Given the equation below, answer the following questions:

Na2SO4(s) + water ↔ heat + 2Na1+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

What would be the shape of the solubility curve plotted against temperature?

If the temperature were increased would that shift the equilibrium to the left or to the
right? left
Does the solubility increase or decrease with increasing temperature?
decrease
Is the forward reaction endothermic or exothermic? exothermic

Will the heat of solution be a positive or negative value? negative

2. What visible evidence indicates that a solution is saturated?

If a crystal is added to the solution it will not dissolve, no matter how much time it is
given.

3. What kinds of compounds make nonelectrolytic solutions?

Molecular compounds that do not ionize and insoluble salts

4. What is necessary for a solution to conduct electricity?

Mobile ions in solution
5. What kinds of compounds make electrolytic solutions?
Soluble salts and molecular compounds that ionize in water (HCl)
6. Given the equation below, answer the following questions:

Na2CO3(s) + water + heat → 2Na1+(aq) + CO32-(aq)

AP Ch 14 Review Compton
 What would be the shape of the solubility curve plotted against temperature?

If the temperature were increased would that shift the equilibrium to the left or to the
right? right

Does the solubility increase or decrease with increasing temperature?

increase
Is the forward reaction endothermic or exothermic? endothermic

Will the heat of solution be a positive or negative value? positive

Objective 2: Calculate units of concentration:

7. What mass of water must be used to make a 1.35 m solution that contains 8.20
mol NaOH?
1 kg H2O------ x 8.20 mole = 6.07 kg
1.35 moleNaOH

8. What mass of iodine, I2 must be used to prepare a 0.960 m solution if 100.0g of

methanol is used?
100.0 g methanol x 0.960 mol I2 x 253.81 g I2 = 24.4 g I2
1000g methanol mole

9. What volume of 1.50 M NaCl is needed for a reaction that requires 146.3 g of
NaCl?

146.3 g NaCl x 1 mole NaCl x 1L = 1.67 L solution

58.45g 1.50 mole NaCl

10. What is the molality of a solution made by dissolving 34.2 g of sucrose,

C12H22O11, in 125 mLof water?
34.2 g sucrose x 1 mole sucrose = 0.800 m
0.125 kg H2O 342 g
If the solution was made by dissolving 34.2 in water to a final total volume of
125mL, then the solution concentration would be 0.800 m.

When solutions are dilute, then the molality is very close in value to the molarity.

Objective: Understand Henry’s Law (no calculations)

11. Is the solubility of a gas directly proportional or inversely proportional to
temperature?

AP Ch 14 Review Compton
Inversely proportional: as T↑ solubility↓

12. What would the graph of solubility vs pressure look like?

Objective 3: Calculations involving Colligative properties

13. The boiling point of a solvent is elevated by 2.4 °C when the nonelectrolytic
solute concentration is 3.1 m. What is Kbp?

Kbp = Δt / m = 2.4oC /3.1 m = 0.77 o C/ m

14. What is the boiling point for a solution that contains 125 g of barium nitrate,
Ba(NO3)2, dissolved in 1.0 kg of water.

m = 125 g Ba(NO3)2 x 1mole = 0.478 m

1.0 kg 261.33 g
Δt = Kbp ∙ m ∙ i = (0.5121 o C/m) (0.478 m) (3) = 0.73 o C

T = 100.00 + 0.73 = 100.73 o C

15. Calculate the freezing point of a solution made up of 210 g of AgNO3 in 2.00 kg
of water.(Kfp = -1.86 oC/m)
m= 210 g AgNO3 x 1 mole _ = 0.618 m
2.00kg 169.868 g

Δt = Kfp ∙ m ∙ i = (-1.86 o C / m) (0.618 m) (2) = -3.72 o C

T = 0.00 - -3.72 o C = -3.72 o C

16. What is an ideal solution?

One in which all solute – solvent interactions are equivalent regardless of type of
particles

17. Compare the effectiveness at elevating the boiling point of water for NaCl vs.
NaBr.
Both salts have a van’t hoff factor of 2. The ion-dipole attractions would most likely
be stronger between the Cl- ions than the Br- ions because of Cl-‘s smaller size,
which would make it more effective.

AP Ch 14 Review Compton
 18. Calculate the vapor pressure for a solution prepared from 3.5 grams of NaCl
dissolved in 500 grams of water at 25oC.
Psolution = Xh2o PH2O

moleH2O = 500 g H2O x 1 mole H2O = 28 mole H2O

18 g H2O

mole NaCl = 3.5 g NaCl x 1 mole NaCl = 0.0603 mole NaCl

58 g

XH2O = 28 / (28 + 0.0603) =0.998

Psolution = 0.998 x 23.8 torr = 23.7 torr

19. Rank the following compounds most effective to least effective at lowering the
freezing point of an icy roadway?

KNO3, Na3PO4, Li2SO4, C2H4O2,

Na3PO4 Li2SO4 KNO3 C2H4O2,

Most Least

Objective 4: Molar mass determination using colligative properties

20. A solution with 3.11 g of a nonelectrolyte solute in 38.0g of water has a boiling
point elevated by 1.00 °C. What is the molar mass of the solute?
(Kbp = 0.5121 oC/m)

m = Δt / K = 1.00 o C / 0.5121 oC /m = 1.953 m

1.953 mole solute x 0.0380 kg H2O = 0.0742 mole solute

1 kg H2O

3.11 g solute = 41.9 g/mole

0.0742 mole solute

21. A 4.00% by mass solution of maltose and 96.00% water freezes at -0.237 oC.
Calculate the molar mass of maltose.(maltose is a molecular compound)

m = Δt / K = -0.237 o C / - 1.86 o C /m = 0.127 m

0.127 mole solute x .096 kg H2O = 0.0122 mole solute

AP Ch 14 Review Compton
 1 kg H2O

4.00 g solute = 327 g/mole

0.0122 mole solute

Objective 5: Understand the difference between a colloid, suspension and a solution.

22. How can you tell the difference between a solution and a colloid?

A colloid will scatter light (Tyndall effect0

(NH4)2S(aq) is mixed with Ca(NO3)2(aq)

23. Dissociation of
(NH4)2S → 2 NH4+ + S2-

24. Dissociation of
Ca(NO3)2→ Ca2+ + 2 NO3-

Net ionic Equation:

2 NH4+ + S2- + Ca2+ + 2 NO3- → CaS(s) + 2 NO3- + 2 NH4+

S2- + Ca2+ → CaS(s)

AP Ch 14 Review Compton