Paper 13 Hidayah

Modeling of Hybrid Solar Pond -
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

for Power Generation
Nur Hidayah Nong Nazaria,b,Tohru Suwaa
a Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
b Ocean Thermal Energy Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3rd International OTEC Symposium 2015

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1
Friday, September 18, 2015 3rd OTEC International Symposium 2015
_ NUR HIDAYAH NONG NAZARI
Outline
• Introduction
• Design of the System
• Analysis of the system
• Modeling of the system
• Result
• Conclusions
2
Introduction
[1]
Advantages Limitation Solutions
• Sustainable energy • Low energy conversion • Optimization of Rankine

• Requires no fossil efficiency based cycle.[2]
fuels • Increase temperature
• Less environment difference.[3]
impact • Combination of OTEC and
solar pond[4]
3
Introduction
Solar Pond: What and Why?
• A body of water with salinity gradient
used to collect and store solar energy
• The high density of saltwater at the

bottom gives a lower buoyancy effect
which limits the upward convective flow
of the water, thereby trapping some of
the heat
• Hybrid OTEC-Offshore Solar Pond(OSP)

system is said to be cost competitive
due to its low cost OSP collector and
higher thermal efficiency compared to
conventional OTEC.[4]
Figure 1: mechanism of solar pond
4
Design Of The System
• Figure 2: proposed design of the hybrid OTEC –Solar Pond
5
Analysis of The
System
• The system is performed under thermodynamic analysis on each
component to predict the thermal performance of the system.
• The efficiency OTEC –solar pond was further calculated by varying the
required temperature of superheated working fluid that entering
turbine.
Component Heat Balance Cycle Efficiency
Evaporator
Condenser Q=ṁCpΔT
Super Heater
Solar Pond
Q=ṁ(hout – hin ) Ƞ=Wnet/Qin
Turbine
Pump W=ṁ(hout – hin )
6
Friday, September 18, 2015 7
Analysis of The
System
Pumping Power
25.0000
20.0000
iPumping Power,Wp{KW}
15.0000
10.0000
5.0000
0.0000
OTEC OTEC-SP (T=30ᴼC) OTEC-SP (T=40ᴼC) OTEC-SP (T=50ᴼC) OTEC-SP (T=60ᴼC) OTEC-SP (T=70ᴼC)
superheater 0.0001 0.0027 0.0108 0.0236 0.0411
cold seawater 11.8420 8.7387 8.6019 8.3827 8.1043 7.6344
warm seawater 8.8877 8.7490 8.4258 8.0505 7.6435 7.0835
working fluid 1.2905 0.9528 0.9176 0.8767 0.8324 0.7714
Figure 4:Comparison of pumping power of OTEC cycle and OTEC-SP with various
superheating temperature
8
Modeling of The
System
• Designing of solar pond
Figure 5: Solar Pond Configuration
Pipe diameter= 0.025m
Surface Area=1120 m2
Velocity= 1.75 m/s
33m
Figure 6 : Solar Pond Configurations(Top View)
9
Modeling of The
System
MODELING OF SOLAR POND
• Finite Element Software-COMSOL
0.3m
1.2m
1.5m
Figure 7 :Transient 2D asymmetrical solar pond
10
Modeling of The
System
Boundary condition and assumption :

• The solar pond is modeled as solid
• There is heat loss due to conduction, radiation and
evaporation at the surface of solar pond
• Heat loss by conduction at the bottom of solar pond
• The heat loss through the wall is neglected
• No natural convection inside the solar pond
• Measured KL data was used as the solar radiation data
11
Result
Temperature Gradient
Figure 9: temperature gradient of

solar pond in function of depth.
12
3rd OTEC International Symposium 2015
Friday, September 18, 2015 _ NUR HIDAYAH NONG NAZARI
Conclusions
• OTEC –solar pond has higher efficiency compared to the

conventional OTEC.
• High temperature at the turbine inlet increases the OTEC-
solar pond system efficiency.
• Solar Pond Finite Element model was developed.
13
THE END
Q&A
14
References
1. Pub.L.96-130,Sec. 9, July17, 1980, 94 Stat.946.]
http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/42C98.txt
2. Kim, N. J., Ng, K. C., & Chun, W. (2009). Using the condenser effluent from a nuclear power
plant for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). International Communications in Heat
and Mass Transfer, 36(10), 1008–1013. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.08.001
3. Yamada, N., Hoshi, A., & Ikegami, Y. (2009). Performance simulation of solar-boosted ocean
thermal energy conversion plant. Renewable Energy, 34(7), 1752–1758.
doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.12.028
4. Straatman, P. J. T., & van Sark, W. G. J. H. M. (2008). A new hybrid ocean thermal energy
conversion-Offshore solar pond (OTEC-OSP) design: A cost optimization approach. Solar
Energy, 82, 520–527. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2007.12.002
15

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Modeling of Hybrid Solar Pond -

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

3rd International OTEC Symposium 2015

Advantages Limitation Solutions

• Sustainable energy • Low energy conversion • Optimization of Rankine

• The high density of saltwater at the

• Hybrid OTEC-Offshore Solar Pond(OSP)

Figure 1: mechanism of solar pond

• Figure 2: proposed design of the hybrid OTEC –Solar Pond

Figure 5: Solar Pond Configuration

Pipe diameter= 0.025m

Velocity= 1.75 m/s

Figure 7 :Transient 2D asymmetrical solar pond

Boundary condition and assumption :

Figure 9: temperature gradient of

• OTEC –solar pond has higher efficiency compared to the

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