ANATOMY PICTURES

Hand Wrist/SMI
Which bone ossifies upon termination of growth in Sesamoid bone
the distal phalanges?
Sesamoid bone ossification @ SMI4 65-85% growth remaining
Correlates w/CVM2

Cvs--->CVMS---->CVMI (most recent)

 CVMS All + elongation

Concavities: None or C2 C2 and C3 C2, C3, C4

All + more elongation

None C2, C3 C2,C3,C4 All

C2 All

Peak!

CVMI (newest method)

The peak in mandibular growth occurs between CVMS II and CVMS III, and it has not been reached
without the attainment of both CVMS I and CVMS II. CVMS V is recorded at least two years after the
peak.
Growth before puberty:
Ramus = 1-2mm/year
Body = 2-3mm/year
Puberty: Between CVMS II-III, CVMS 3-4
Ramus = 2-3mm/yr
Body = 3-6mm/yr

CVMS II = C3 concave, C4 flat; CVMS III = C3 & C4 concave

CVMI CVMS 3 = C3 concave, C4 flat; CVMS 4= C3 & C4 concave
Peak no earlier than 1 year after Peak 2 years after
C2 may have concavity
C3&C4: trapezoid &flat

Ideal stage for functional Peak within 1 year after

appliance
Peak within 1 year
C2&C3: Concavity
C3&C4: trapezoid or rectangular
horizontal
Peak 1 or 2 years before Ideal stage for functional appliance
C3&C4: rectangular horizontal Peak < 1 year after

Peak no later than 1 year Peak occurred less than 1-2 years
BEFORE before
C3&C4: at least one square in
shape

Peak not later than 2 years Peak occurred more than 1 year
before before
C3&C4: at least one rectangular
vertical

Peak occurred more than 2 years

before
 PA Ceph Identification

Jugale:
Maxillary Tuberosity intersects
Zygomatic Arch

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Greater wing of sphenoid
#2: Oblique line through orbit
Squamozygomatic surface of greater
wing of sphenoid
Innominate line
Temporal Line
(#1 = lesser wing)
(#3 = temporal bone)

#4 = Lesser Wing
#5 = Greater Wing
(squamozygomatic surface)
#6 = Greater wing of sphenoid

Planum sphenoidum

#10 = Lesser Wing of Sphenoid

#11 = Superior orbital Fissure
#12 = Greater Wing of Sphenoid
#7 = Temporal bone
Temporal Bone
#3: Petrous Portion of Temporal
Bone

#5 Crista Galli
 Lateral Ceph

Bolton Point:
More closely related to Basion
Ethmoid Sinus

#8 = Sphenoid Bone
#3 = Ethmoid Bone

Sphenoid Sinus

Anterior Clinoid (#10)

Sella Turcica (#9)
Posterior Clinoid (#11)
Key Ridge
Zygomatic process of maxillay (U-
shaped)

Adenoid Pad
McNamara Line: min distance from
adenoid to soft palate
Patency of airway maintained by:
Geniohyoid and mylohyoid

Which of the following structures is Nasopharyngeal airway

closest to the adenoidal pad? Soft palate
Adenoid is located: in posterior pharyngeal wall
ID: closest attachment point for
anterior belly of digastrics
Digastric fossa of mandible near
mandibular symphysis
#14: lingual cortical plate of anterior
portion of mandible
#15: buccal cortical plate of anterior
portion of mandible
#16: Menton
PICK: below genial tubercle, internal
surface of symphysis area, NOT
lowest point at menton
 Illustrations
Orbit
Frontal process of maxillary
bone?
Medial to orbit

Lateral wall of orbit Zygomatic (frontal process)

Sphenoid (Greater wing)
1. Floor of orbit? Palatine
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Articular Tubercle

Where is the articular a. Anterior

tubercle located relative to b. Posterior (correct)
the sigmoid notch? c. Middle
Lip Muscles
12 Involved in smiling:
1. Zygomaticus major &
minor (4): pulls corner of
mouth upward and laterally
2. Obicularis Oculi (2): raises
cheek
3. Levator Labii Superioris
(2): elevates upper lip
4. Levator Anguli oris (2):
raises angle of mouth
5. Risorius (2): retracts
corners of lip, raises angle of
mouth
Buccinator: chewing food,
closes lips
Least involved = orbicularis
oris (closes mouth)
Draws corner of mouth
laterally when smiling =
risorius
Muscle pulls lip up when
smiling = Labialis superioris

ID: Depressor anguli oris

ID: Levator Labii Superioris
(alaequae nasii)
(vs. nasalis)

ID: Procerus

ID: Nasalis
(vs. levator labii superioris)

ID: Buccinator
ID: Stensen’s/Parotid Duct
It takes a steep turn at the
border of the masseter and
passes through the
buccinator muscle, opening
into the vestibule of the
mouth

Anterior Belly:
Origin = symphysis of
mandible (digastric fossa)
Insertion = hyoid
CEPH: ID where anterior
digastric attaches

Posterior Belly:
Origin = mastoid notch of
temporal bone
Insertion = hyoid
Mental spine = genial
tubercle

A muscle which originates a. Anterior belly of the digastric (correct)

on the mandible is the: b. Posterior belly of the digastric
c. Hyoglossus
d. Thyrohyoid
e. Superior belly of the omohyoid
Anterior Belly of Digastric vs.
Stylohyoid
Stylohyoid = anterior and
superior to posterior
digastric, origin = styloid
process of temporal,
insertion = hyoid bone
ID: Geniohyoid
Superior to mylohyoid
Superior to anterior belly of
digastric

ID: Mylohyoid
Floor of oral cavity
Origin = mylohyoid line of
mandible, insertion = hyoid
Superior = geniohyoid
Inferior = digastrics

ID: Palatoglossus
ID:
Styloglossus
Vs.
Palatoglossus
Levator veli palatini

ID:
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Vs.
Levator veli palatini

ID: Tensor Veli Palatini

ID: Sphenomandibular
ligament
Spina angularis of sphenoid
to lingula of mandibular
foramen

Stylomandibular:
Styloid process of temporal
to angle of mandible
ID: Superior obliquus capitis

ID: Rectus capitis posterior

major
(old exams have been
oblique capitus superior or
inferior)
Muscles of Mastication
Pterygoid

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle? a. Lateral pterygoid plate of Sphenoid (correct)
b. Condyle
c. Ramus
Attachment of superior head of the lateral a. From the sphenoid to disc of TMJ
pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter: 2 heads
Superficial head:
Origin = zygomatic process of maxilla
Insertion = angle of mandible and lateral and
lateral ramus
Deep head:
Origin = zygomatic process of maxilla
Insertion = ramus of mandible and coronoid
process
Stronger agonist to/Parallels Medial Pterygoid
Elevate Mandible
Protracts/Protrude Mandible
Masseter nerve pierces through sigmoid notch
 Dry Skull
Sphenoid
ID: Greater wing

Foramen Rotundum:
Sphenoid bone
V2(maxillary branch of trigeminal)
Pterygopalatine fossa
Foramen Ovale:
Sphenoid bone
V3(mandibular of trigeminal)
Posterolateral to rotundum
Anteromedial to spinosum

Foramen Spinosum:
Sphenoid
Middle Meningeal
Artery & Vein
Branch of V3
Foramen Lacerum
Sphenoid, temporal, occipital
Bones
Located: Directly inferior to
carotid canal
The internal carotid artery does
not travel through foramen
lacerum. The segment of the
internal carotid artery that travels
above foramen lacerum.
The artery of pterygoid canal, the
nerve of pterygoid canal and
some venous drainage pass
through the foramen lacerum.

Carotid Canal
Temporal Bone (Petrous)
Transmits: Internal Carotid
Near Foramen Lacerum
Internal Acoustic Meatus:
Petrous part of temporal bone
CN VII and CN VIII

Jugular Foramen:
IX: glossopharyngeal
X: vagus
XI: accessory
Stylomastoid Foramen:
Intracranial = chorda tympani
Facial nerve exits skull
Extracranial branches =
Posterior auricular
5 Major Branches TZBM

Superior Orbital Fissure

Lazy French Tarts Sit Nakedly In Anticipation Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic V1)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Superior Division of oculomotor (CN III)
Nasociliary nerve (ophthalmic)
Inferior division of oculomotor (CN III)
Abducens (CN VI)
Which of the following nerves does NOT go a. CN III
through the superior orbital fissure? b. CN IV
c. CN V1
d. CN V2 (correct)
e. CN VI

Pterygopalatine Fossa: Indented area medial to Pterygomaxillary Fissure leading to Sphenopalatine

Foramen
Know which artery goes into the sphenopalatine (correct)
pterygomaxillary fissure:
Sphenopalatine Artery:
Aka nasopalatine artery
External carotid Maxillary artery
sphenopalatine artery
Passes through sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine foramen = connects nasal
cavity with pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygomaxillary Fissure:
Anterior Border = Maxillary Tuberosity
Posterior Border = Lateral Pterygoid
Plate
Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Which of the below is the anterior border
of the pterygoid plate?
Which of the below is the posterior
border of the maxillary tuberosity?
Which suture is NOT at the posterior
border of the maxillary tuberosity?
Pterygomaxillary fissure separates
maxillary to _____ posteriorly?
It connects the infratemporal with the pterygopalatine
fossa, and transmits the terminal part of the maxillary
artery. The posterior superior alveolar nerve of the
maxillary nerve goes from the pterygopalatine fossa to the
infratemporal region via this fissure.
a. The posterior part of the pterygomaxillary suture
(correct)
b. The anterior part of the pterygomaxillary suture
a. The posterior part of the pterygomaxillary suture
b. The anterior part of the pterygomaxillary suture (correct)
a. Zygomatico (probably correct)
b. Pterygo
c. Palatine
d. Sphenoid
e. None of the above
Sphenoid
Formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid
process of the sphenoid.
 Spine & Vertebrae
Cervical Spinal Cord:
Mnemonic
SAME DAVE
Sensory Afferent
Motor Efferent
Dorsal Afferent
Ventral Efferent
(Dorsal root has ganglion)

C1 and C2 help in rotation of head (TRUE)

C1 and C2 make up the odontoid process
(FALSE)
Dens = odontoid process, protuberance of
axis
C1 = “yes” up down
C2 = “no” side to side
Articulation between C1 and this (arrow
pointing to C2) allow head to rotate
Combination of C1 and C2 = odontoid process
(FALSE)

Articulation of the below with C1 permits the a. Odontoid process (Dens)

rotation of the head
What does the odontoid process consist of? a. C1
 b. C2 (correct)
c. both
What is the widest cervical vertebrae from C1 a. C1 (correct)
to C5? b. C2
c. C4
d. C5
hyoid bone is located: between C3-C4
 Cranial Nerves

ID Pons:
5-8

mid-pons: the 'chief' or 'pontine' nucleus of the

trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
mid-pons: the motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve
(V)
lower down in the pons: abducens nucleus (VI)
lower down in the pons: facial nerve nucleus (VII)
lower down in the pons: vestibulocochlear nuclei
(vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)

ID: Pituitary Gland

Sits in sella turcica
Anterior Pituitary
Controlled by hypothalamus
LH stimulates ovulation and
production of sperm (initiation of
adolescence)
Posterior Pituitary
Trigeminal Nerve:
Picture: Nerve originating
below pons
Auriculotemporal: part of
trigeminal, trigeminal
originates in Pons
V3 mandibular foramen
ovale TMJ
V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular motor to
muscles of mastication
(branchial arch 1)

ID: Lingual Nerve

branch of V3
Sensory to tongue
Travels with Chorda Tympani
from VII (taste to tongue)

Semilunar Ganglion
Associated with Trigeminal

Facial Nerve
Originates in Pons
Exits skull: stylomastoid
foramen

Chorda Tympani: taste anterior

2/3 tongue

Posterior Auricular = travels

posteriorly and superiorly to the
ear
ID: Facial Nerve
No branch that goes through
supra ortibatl foramen or
infraorbital foramen