Campus - Corpoate

CAMPUS TO CORPORATE [2017]
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER TOPIC
NUMBER
1 CORPORATE 1
2 BPO INDUSTRY 6
3 READING ABILITY FROM NEWSPAPER 10
4 ARTICLES ON SIMPLE TOPIC 14
REPORT WRITING OF VARIOUS EVENTS HELD IN
5 17
COLLEGE
6 PREPARING SPEECHES 20
7 SELF INTRODUCTION 22
8 PUBLIC SPEAKING 26
9 GROUP DISCUSSION 28
10 MOCK INTERVIEW FOR PERSONAL INTERVIEWS 30
11 SEMINARS FOR INDIVIDUALS 34
12 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH 38
13 TENSES 45
14 INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET 51
15 CONSONANT SOUNDS AND SYLLABLE STRESS 55
16 LISTING AND ACCENT COMPREHENSION 62
CORPORATE ETIQUETTE AND ANALYTICAL
17 64
THINKING
SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 1

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the record, entitled “Campus to Corporate “Submitted to the
Periyar University, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of bachelor of business Administration is a record of original research work done by
____________________________________________ with register number
_________________________ during the period 2017 – 2018 of her study in the
Department of Business Administration at Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College Of Arts and
Science For Women, Nallampalli, Dharmapuri-636807
Signature of the guide Signature of HOD
Date of Viva Voice:
Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

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CHAPTER – 1
CAMPUS
The land on which building of a college lies is called its campus. There are the
classrooms, residential complexes, hostels, libraries, canteens etc. built over this campus, and
when the word campus is used, one is talking about the physical premises only, and there is no
mention of the studies or the lectures that are provided by the college. Here, it is to be understood
that the word campus is used not exclusively for a college, even a school has its campus and a
bank also has its campus. Huge companies are built up in very large areas with many facilities,
and the entire building or area is referred to as the campus of the company.
CORPORATE
Corporations are the most common form of business organization, and one which is
chartered by a state and given many legal rights as an entity separate from its owners. This form
of business is characterized by the limited liability of its owners, the issuance of shares of easily
transferable stock, and existence as a going concern. The process of becoming a corporation,
called incorporation, gives the company separate legal standing from its owners and protects
those owners from being personally liable in the event that the company is sued (a condition
known as limited liability). Incorporation also provides companies with a more flexible way to
manage their ownership structure. In addition, there are different tax implications for
corporations, although these can be both advantageous and disadvantageous. In these respects,
corporations differ from sole proprietorships and limited partnership.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CAMPUS AND CORPORATE:
 Corporation are the most common form of Business Originations while the campus is just
its physical premises.

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 Corporate is characterized by the limited liability of its owners, the issuance of shares of
easily transferable stock, and existence as a going concern but Campus includes all
buildings such as parks, libraries, lecture halls, hostels while one does not think of these
physical entities
 The word campus is not reserved for organizations as it is frequently used for even
schools, colleges and other complexes. Hospitals have their campuses with residential
facilities for residents and pathologies for diagnostic services.
Dress Codes
Dress codes vary from one company to the next, depending on the industry, culture and
environment. Business dress at a bank may look different from business dress at a call center, for
example. If you are unsure of your company’s dress code, refer to its code of conduct manual
and ask your supervisor or human resources department for clarification, if necessary. Typically,
dress in a business environment includes wearing conservative suits in black, gray, navy, brown,
taupe, beige and white. Look polished by putting on pressed and well-tailored pieces.
Men
Wear long-sleeved, collared shirts with your suits and basic ties that reach your waistline. Select
dark-colored shoes that match your suit with matching socks and a belt. Socks should match your
shoes, slacks or entire suit and must be long enough to extend above your pant cuff when seated
so as not to reveal the skin on your legs. Refrain from wearing jewelry, unless it’s a watch,
wedding ring or fraternity ring.
Women
Women have more choices when it comes to outfit variety since they can also wear skirts,
however skirts should be approximately knee-length or longer. Mix and match pieces to create
the illusion of a larger wardrobe by buying the same three-piece suit -- skirt, slack and jacket --
in multiple colours. Your clothing should not be too short, tight or revealing. When it comes to
accessories, less is more. Avoid over-accessorizing and ensure your jewellery or scarves match

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your outfit and are not too flashy. Choose simple earrings and bracelets that are not noisy and
distracting, should you desire to wear any. Wear closed-toe, closed-heel shoes such as a basic
dark-colour pump.
Casual Days
In "Business Etiquette: 101 Ways to Conduct Business with Charm and Savvy," author Ann
Marie Sabath teaches that what you wear on casual days at work says more about you than a
business suit because people pay even more attention to what you wear. Be careful not to dress in
an over-casual manner or add too much flair to your outfits. Stick to clothing that is a little less
dressy than normal, but do not wear jeans, athletic shoes, sandals or T-shirts unless the
department is having a special “jeans day” or some other themed day. Men should wear neat
pants with a buttoned shirt, while women can wear tailored skirts or pants with a suitable top or
blouse.
HISTORY OF CORPORATIONS:
Roman Corporations
It is natural to think of an organization as having a collective identity distinct from that of

any particular person who owns or belongs to it. The Romans recognized this with the no-
tion of a corporation. The word corporation derives from the Latin word corpus for body,
representing a body of people authorized to act as an individual. Cities were the first enti-
ties the Romans treated as corporations. Over time, the concept was extended to certain
community organizations called collegiate. These included artisan associations, religious so-
cieties and social clubs formed to provide funerals for members.
The Roman Republic relied on private contractors to perform a variety of tasks. Contracts
to build aqueducts, manufacture arms, construct temples, collect taxes—even feed the geese
on the capital—were granted to firms called publican. These originated as loose associa-

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tions among contractors who would pool their resources to bid on contracts. Over time, the
publican evolved into permanent companies with numerous investors, only a handful of
whom served as managers. Larger publican employed thousands of workers spread across
Rome’s provinces. Fragmented evidence indicates that some of these received corporate
status (habere corpus), which included a grant of limited liability for investors.
Trading Corporations
Roman law survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire to remerge in aspects of the
Church’s canon law and Europe’s secular bodies of law. During the Middle Ages, cities,
guilds, monasteries and universities were all chartered as corporations, typically by sover-
eigns, local nobility or religious authorities. All served largely public or religious functions.
For centuries, Europe witnessed nothing that resembled Rome’s publican. This changed
around 1600, when new business forms emerged to challenge the might of Spain and Portu-
gal. The upstarts were chartered corporations.
There is something about representative government that allows people and their institu-
tions to flourish. Is it coincidence that both Rome and the United States were republics?
Consider the Dutch. From 1568 to 1648, they fought the Eighty Years War to cast off their
Spanish rulers. In the midst of that war, they formed their own republic. This launched a
period that has come to be known as the Dutch Golden Age. Art, trade and social tolerance
flourished. This was the age of Rembrandt and Vermeer. The Dutch formed the first stock
exchange. They sailed all over the world, even founding one notable outpost on the South-
ern tip of Manhattan Island.
Incorporation by Registration
A recurring theme in the history of corporations is that they should exist to serve some
public purpose, and they are granted certain privileges to facilitate this. The state would
charter corporations that it deemed worthy. At first, the most important privilege was a
grant of some monopoly—say a monopoly over trade with some region or an exclusive
right to build a certain canal. Over time, transferability of shares and limited liability be-
came more important. These gave corporations an enormous advantage in raising capital

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over sole proprietorships and partnerships. Investors with modest holdings and limited lia-
bility were comfortable letting specialists run their corporations, so the separation of in-
vestors and management became one of the great strengths—and great weaknesses—of
limited liability joint-stock corporations.
Legal personality: Corporations are treated as artificial people, with a capacity for legal
rights and obligations similar to those of natural persons.
Equity financing: Ownership is securitized as stock that may be held by multiple investors
and traded in secondary markets.
Limited liability: The liabilities of the corporation are not liabilities of its owners, who can
lose nothing more than the capital they have already committed to the corporation.
Managerial Capitalism
The agency problem has existed as long as men have allowed others to act on their behalf.
In corporations, it arises between stockholders and managers, and this was one of the rea-
sons Adam Smith (1776) denounced corporation. Commenting on managers, he com-
plained being the managers rather of other people’s money than of their own,
Corporate Governance Movement
Managerial capitalism spread during the 20th century. As it did so, boards lost relevance.
Many CEOs had themselves appointed chairman of the board. Managers took board seats
for themselves. On many boards, they took most of the seats. Short of setting strategy and
overseeing managers, boards were increasingly becoming appendages to management.

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BPO INDUSTRY IN INDIA:
In India, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the fastest growing segment of the ITES
(Information Technology Enabled Services) industry. Factors such as economy of scale, business
risk mitigation, cost advantage; utilization improvement and superior competency have all lead
to the growth of the Indian BPO industry. Business process outsourcing in India, which started
around the mid-90s, has now grown by leaps and bounds.
India is now the world's favoured market for BPO companies, among other competitors, such as,
Australia, China, Philippines and Ireland. The BPO boom in India is credited to cheap labor costs
and India's huge talent pool of skilled, English-speaking professionals. Research by the National
Association of Software Services and Companies (NASSCOM) has revealed that quality
orientation among leading BPO companies, 24/7 services, India's unique geographic location and
the investor friendly tax structure in India have all made the BPO industry in India very popular.
BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING
The term Business Process Outsourcing or BPO as it is popularly known, refers to outsourcing in
all fields. A BPO service provider usually administers and manages a particular business process
for another company. BPOs either use new technology or apply an existing technology in a new
way to improve a particular business process. India is currently the number one destination for
business process outsourcing, as most companies in the US and UK outsource IT-related
business processes to Indian service providers.
SERVICES OFFERED BY INDIAN BPO COMPANIES
Indian BPO companies offer varied services, such as, customer support, technical support,
telemarketing, insurance processing, data processing, forms processing, bookkeeping and
internet / online / web research.

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1. Customer support services: 24/7 inbound / outbound calls centre services that address
customer queries and concerns through phone, email and live chat.
2. Technical support services: Installation, product support, running support,
troubleshooting, usage support and problem resolution for computer software, hardware,
peripherals and internet infrastructure.
3. Telemarketing services: Interacting with potential customers and creating interest for
the customer's services/ products. Up-selling, promoting and cross selling to existing
customers and completing online sales processes.
4. IT help desk services: Level 1 and 2 multi-channel support, system problem resolutions,
technical problem resolution, office productivity tools support, answering product usage
queries and performing remote diagnostics.
5. Insurance processing: New business acquisition and promotion, claims processing,
policy maintenance and policy management.
6. Data entry and data processing: Data entry from paper, books, images, e-books, yellow
pages, web sites, business cards, printed documents, software applications, receipts, bills,
catalogs and mailing lists.
7. Data conversion services: Data conversion for databases, word processors, spreadsheets
and software applications. Data conversion of raw data into PDF, HTML, Word or
Acrobat formats.
8. Bookkeeping and accounting services: Maintenance of the customer's general ledger,
accounts receivables, accounts payables, financial statements, bank reconciliations and
assets / equipment ledgers.
9. Form processing services: Online form processing, payroll processing medical billing
insurance claim forms processing and medical forms processing.
10. Online research: Internet search, product research, market research, surveys, analysis,
web research and mailing list research.

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE INDIAN BPO INDUSTRY
 The BPO sector in India is estimated to have reached a 54 per cent growth in revenue
 The demand for Indian BPO services has been growing at an annual growth rate of 50%
 The BPO industry in India has provided jobs for over 74,400 Indians. This number is
continuing to grow on a yearly basis. The Indian BPO sector is soon to employ over 1.1
million Indians
 70% of India's BPO industry's revenue is from contact centres, 20% from data entry work
and the remaining 10% from information technology related work
 Indian BPOs handle 56% of the world's business process outsourcing
THE TOP FIFTEEN BPO COMPANIES IN INDIA
NASSCOM recently conducted a survey and evaluated the leading BPO service providers across
India. The top fifteen business process outsourcing companies in India are:
 WNS Group
 Wipro Spectra mind
 Daksh e-Services
 Convergys
 HCL Technologies
 Zenta
 First Source
 Emphasis
 EXL
 Tracmail
 GTL Ltd
 customer
 HTMT
 24/7 Customer

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 Sutherland Technologies
OUTSOURCE YOUR BPO WORK TO INDIA
Get ahead of your competitors, cut down on operational costs and get access to the services of
skilled professionals, all by outsourcing non-core BPO work to India. Make a decision to
outsource to India today and watch your business grow exponentially

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READING ABILITY FROM NEWSPAPERS

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CHAPTER - 2
ARTICLES ON SIMPLE TOPIC
1. WORLD COCONUT DAY : Kerala tries to stop production fall
The World Coconut day being celebrated in Thiruvananthapuram Kerala. The production
area and productivity of the nut has seen a decline in Kerala, the land of coconuts. But the
government is now trying to reverse the trend.
According to Kerala State Planning Board figures, the area under coconut cultivation fell
from 8, 98, 000hectares in 2009 – 2011. The Production too dipped from 6,236 to 5,287 million
nuts and productivity from 7,046 to 6862 nuts per hectare during the same period. This has come
at a time when coconut production and productivity have gone up in neighbouring Tamil Nadu
and Karnataka.
The Kerala Agricultural Minister has informed to the Public that the Government has
distributed 2 lakhs of fresh saplings to the formers. The Minister has highlighted about one
problem is that farmers show a negative attitude towards coconut when price drop. But they take
a different position when rubber prices change. They take more care of rubber trees than other
crops he said in the state Agricultural meeting which has held in Thiruvananthapuram.
Gijo Joseph, the chief Executive officer of Kochi Info Park, said a tender coconut sales
outlet had opened at the Info park a few months back and was doing good business.
Green signal has also been given to procuring 200 coconut driers for drying freshly- cut
ripe nuts to the make copra which are crushed to produce Oil.

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2. SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Thrust on Green concept, increasing the power cuts and better awareness on solar
products has resulted in high demand for solar heaters in the last 2 years. Some corporate say that
sale of solar water heater has gone up by four times during the last one year. Most of the recently
constructed houses have provisions to install solar water heaters. The demand is mainly from
those who are just constructing for house or from those who have provisions for these heaters.
For the basic water heater consist of a collector and storage tank. The efficiency of the
collectors is defined by the performance level. An average solar collector has an efficiency level
of 72 %. The technology adopted by solar water heater Manufacturers has improved and
developments include four cavity evacuated solar tubular collectors, two cavity heat exchange
evacuated solar tubular collectors, super high pressure solar ETC collectors and special tanks for
hard water.
Though the frequency of the break down is minimum in solar water heaters, if there is
breakdown it should be handed to immediately. During the winter time, the solar water heater
works has an electrical water heater and hence it should have rest proof support element
structure. Hence, there lo of response from the public towards purchasing of SOLAR HEATERS.

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3. SMOKING SCENES IN CINEMA MOVIES
The Union Government has decided to come out with notification that would allow the
film industry to incorporate smoking scenes in movies with statutory wsarnings along side.
The New rules advised film makers to give 20 seconds anti smoking message has
approved by the Ministry of Health with voice of one of the actors seen smoking in the film to be
displayed at the beginning and at the end of the 15 seconds. Additionally, a static anti smoking
message have to be displayed during the smoking scene.
This rule has been challenged by producer of the movies. The court has given time to the
Government to formally notify the rules. The Notification is mandatory for all new movies that
have smoking scenes or tobacco use to provide valid explanations. It also makes it compulsory
for the authorities concern to run a scroll, depicting anti-tobacco health warnings at bottom of the
screen during the smoking scenes in the movie.

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REPORT WRITING OF VARIOUS EVENTS HELD IN COLLEGE
1. WELCOME PARTY FOR FRESHERS
In our college we have organized welcome party for fresher who are joining for the
under-graduation
Programme in our esteemed educational institution. To organize this programme. We
formed different committees like food committee, stage committee, Reception committee,
discipline committee etc., the same we have obtained approval from the head of the Institution.
On the Welcome party day morning we requested the fresher to come and give their self
introduction on the stage. Next the principal and faculty highlighted about the graduation
programme and rules and regulations of the Institution.
After the speech we have distributed sweets to fresher in their new class rooms. During
the time all senior students interacted with juniors and exchanged ideas.

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2. SCREENING OF KAMARAJAR MOVIE
The Tamil Nadu Government has initiated screening of Kamarajar Movie in all the
Educational Institutions throughout the Tamilnadu for which our college has received
instructional notice from the DharmapuriCollectorate.
For the above Program the principal had made the BBA department in charged for
organizing the screening of the movie to the students of the entire college. The Department had
asked the second year students to take up this work and execute it effectively. We organized the
program systematically as follows.
First we got the list of various departments from the college calendar and went and met
the Head of the Departments in person. We collected the student strength from the department.
From the details of the student strength we worked out the batches and gave a schedule to each
department. Then we gave the tickets to the HODs and requested them to collect the money of
Rs.10 for each ticket and distribute the tickets to the students.
After finishing this work we spoke to the Principal regarding the auditorium and the way
in which it has to be got ready for the movie screening. We also got a standby generator ready to
offshoot the power cut.
On the day of the movie screening, we collected the tickets at the entrance and screened
the movies as planned in batches to the entire college. We organized 6 shows starting from 9am
in the morning to 6pm in the evening.
All had appreciated our good work.

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3. PONGAL FESTIVAL
Pongal is a very famous festival in our area. We celebrate it with a lot of cheer and
happiness. To bring that cheer to the college, we make it a point to celebrate Pongal in our
college also every year. This year also we celebrated Pongal festival in the college.
First we approached the college authorities through our class leader and got permission to
conduct the Pongal festival. On getting the due permission we started work. We made a budget
regarding the expenses and collected money from the interested students.
We purchased items for making pongal, items for serving the pongal and the pots and
firewood necessary. We selected a suitable place for making the pongal and cleaned the area and
got it ready the previous day itself.
On the day of Pongal, we drew kolams and then started with a prayer. We called all the
students and the faculty and in front of all, we celebrated pongal. We made pongal and
distributed the same to all with a few snacks.
Thus pongal was celebrated in a grand manner in our college.

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CHAPTER – 3
PREPARING SPEECHES
1. Select a speech topic
This may seem like an easy task, but there are infinite public speaking topics. How do you
choose the right one? How do you select a topic which is a perfect fit between you and your
audience?
Your topic leads to your core message — the entire presentation aims to deliver this core
message to your audience.
2. Create a speech outline
Your speech needs structure. Without structure, your audience will either wonder what your core
message is or they will lose interest in you entirely. Sadly, this step is often skipped to “save
time.” A planned outline is vital.
3. Write the speech
Speech writing is an iterative process which begins with your first draft. Writer’s block can
handicap speakers at this stage.
Once the first draft is created, speech writing involves iteratively massaging your speech into its
most effective form. Keeping your ego in check, you are wise to edit mercilessly.
Remember that speeches should be written for the ear; adopting figures of speech will keep your
speech from sounding like an essay or legal document.
4. Apply gestures, staging, and vocal variety
At this stage, the words are ready, but that’s all you have — words. A presentation is not read by
the audience; it is listened to and watched.
These elements should seamlessly complement your words and punctuate key phrases.

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5. Practice and solicit feedback
Great speakers seem natural when they speak, almost as though they are speaking the words for
the first time. Nothing could be more wrong. Rehearsing your speech makes you a master of the
content. Soliciting feedback and acting on it gives you confidence that your presentation will be
a success.

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CHAPTER – 4
SELF INTRODUCTION
Self introduction is an outline to introduce yourself briefly to all intents and purposes. In
other words: tell who you are and what you are about and what you desire greatly that others
should know about you.
Some Rules of Thumb

Rule number one is focus on one important point. If you have to come up with a very brief 30, 60
second or a somewhat longer - two or three minutes - self presenting text, make sharp choices.
Do not write an award winning boring autobiography.
Due to the fact you have to write your talk around one theme, it is recommend developing one
aspect of your life. That aspect will tell who you are and what you are about. Some people call
this type a one-point preliminary, because it is based on one speaking idea.
Sample Topics
Look at the sample self introduction speech topics and pick out the aspects of your personal life
you want to share with the audience. Approach the list below with the who, the what, the where
about, for sure the why, the how and when questions. That is an effective way to outline your
first thoughts.
1. What activity has played or plays an important part in your life? Tell the story and
distract the message.
2. What is your main personal goal?
3. What do you like very much? Your hobby?
4. What do you hate or dislike? Your aversions?
5. Do you have developed a very special skill?
6. What is your lifestyle?
7. Can you come up with a turning point or milestone in your life?

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8. What is your hobby or interest in your spare time?
9. What is a pet peeve or another very familiar topic you like to talk about, to do or to
discuss?
10. Where you are from? Do your roots reveal something about yourself that is new for the
audience? That always works in a small nice text for introducing your biggest personal
features.
11. Is there an object or prop that means a lot to you?
12. What distinguishes you from other individuals in class?
Sample Self Introduction Speech Outline

Now that you have picked out a central thesis, use this example profiler created:
 Grab their attention. Immediately bring in your central message and come to the point.
 Give some background information. Tell why it is important to you, why you are doing it,
why you want to tell them, etcetera.
 Now work out your item of discussion in a few sentences. Draw the contours, make it
personal.
 Give an example.
 In conclusion, offer a memorable answer on the question the listeners probably will have
when they listen to your public speaking efforts: what's in it for me? Tell how this aspect
of your life makes who you are and what you are. It will be the perfect ending of your
spoken presentation.

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Self Introductory Speech
When you meet a group of unknown people in a seminar or a class or any other such meetings,
you have to introduce yourself in front of them. This is the easiest way to break the ice among
the strangers and make everyone present there comfortable. A self introduction speech gives the
first impression about you and it stays in the mind of those people who are your audience.
Therefore, the speech should provide all relevant information about which you are and what you
do. However, it should not be lengthy and seem like an autobiography. Like any other speech, it
can be divided into three different sections or parts. They are: introduction, body of the speech,
and the conclusion.
Introduction
The introduction is a vital part of any speech and it should be simple yet impressive. In the
beginning, greet the spectators with a hearty welcome. A warm gesture like this, will help you to
strike a positive note with the listeners instantly. They will feel comfortable with you and will
readily accept you as a speaker. Keep the introductory part a very light one. The greetings should
be followed by a quick mention on how wonderful it feels to be able to address the present
audience. Then state your name, where you are from or the organization that you belong to. If
you are feeling nervous, you can admit that too in a humorous manner. This will help you to
relax a bit as well. Do not drag the introduction part for too long. Ideally, it should be ten percent
of your entire speech.
Main Section
In this part, you have to share some personal details with the viewers. While speaking about
yourself, it is always advisable to highlight one exceptional feature of your life. The outline
should be based on the kind of audience that you are going to address. You have to choose any
particular aspect related to your personal life. If you have achieved something significant, you
should talk about that. Just make sure that you do not be unnecessarily boastful about your
success; rather, present it in a casual manner. Some of the other issues on which you can speak

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about are: your personal goal, the things that act as source of motivation for you, the turning
point in your life, your roots or background if they reveal something interesting to the spectators,
your likes or dislikes or some unique traits that make you different from the rest. It is also
advisable that you give a brief description about the work you do in a few words. To make the
speech more interesting, share a small fascinating story of your life. However, make sure the
chosen topic has a relevant connection with the audience.
Conclusion
Conclude your speech in a friendly note so that the people sitting in the audience feel that they
had a direct conversation with you. Remember, no matter how interesting the body of your
speech was, the introduction and the conclusion stay in people's mind for a long period of time.
Last, but not the least, you should thank the audience at the end for patiently hearing you out.
The usual duration of a self introductory speech is anywhere in between 30-60 seconds which
can be extended up to 2-3 minutes but not more than that. While delivering the speech, you
should speak in a polite and relaxed manner. Maintain eye contact with the spectators
throughout. You must know that there is nothing wrong if you feel nervous during the speech.
However, it can be kept in check if you prepare your speech well in advance and practice it a
number of times before you face the actual audience.

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CHAPTER – 5
PUBLIC SPEAKING
WELCOME SPEECH
Important elements of giving a meaningful welcome speech are connecting with the audience,
generating excitement for the event they are attending and the organization hosting the event as
well as inspiring the attendees to participate in the activities that are planned.
Depending on the event, it may also be desirable to motivate the audience to some action such as
becoming members in the organization that is hosting the event or to donate money to a cause.
Below is an example of a welcome speech for a car enthusiast’s conference. Wherever specific
elements of the conference are mentioned, you should substitute specific elements of your own
event.
“Welcome to the 5th annual gathering of the Indian Car Enthusiasts. It is great to see so many
enthusiastic men and women here celebrating the genius and innovation of car manufacturers
over the years. It has been a long time since Henry Ford got the ball rolling and looks how far
we’ve come! Are you happy to be here? We are pleased to host this conference this year where
we will have the opportunity to see the best cars of past and present!
I know that many of you have travelled from quite a distance and I’d like to acknowledge our
members from far who have made this long trip to participate in the largest, most extensive
conference we have ever had.
Among the activities we have planned are workshops about the evolution of individual car
models such as the Thunderbird and the Mustang as well as demonstrations of the performance
characteristics of our newest offerings.
Thank you to all of you for being here and enjoy the conference.

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FAREWELL SPEECH
Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen,
It seems like just the other day when we were all talking about the final year’s farewell as they
move on to various positions from here.
I remember thinking that it would be hard to say goodbye ... and I was right - it is hard.
Yet I consider myself fortunate to have met such a special batch ... a batch that we care so much
about ... that it makes saying goodbye to them hard!
As we say goodbye, we remind ourselves that farewells are not forever, nor are they the end.
They are simply words to say that we will miss you dearly and that we will remember you
fondly.
Although we may be separated by time and distance in the interim, nothing will diminish the
important role that you have and always will play in our lives.
We wish you happy adventures, fantastic new friendships, amazing experiences and the journey
of a lifetime.
Richard Bach says, "Can miles truly separate you from friends? If you want to be with someone
you love ... aren't you already there?"
And so it is ... and always will be with you as we carry you always close to our hearts.
May the road rise up to meet you, May the wind be ever at your back. May the sun shine warm
upon your face and the rain fall softly on your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold
you in the hollow of his hand.

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CHAPTER – 6
GROUP DISCUSSION
Group Discussion is a very important round in any selection process, be it for an MBA course,
campus recruitment or for any graduate/post graduate degree. The selection committee conducts
GD to gauge whether the candidate has certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its
members, say for example
- Ability to work in a team

- Communication skills
- Leadership skills
- Reasoning ability
- Imitativeness
- Assertiveness
- Creatibility
- Flexibility
- Ability to think and act independently
Tips for Group Discussion
1. Always is the initiator and concluder of the GD then being a participant.
2. But if you are participant always try to be the most viral/key participant.
3. Put points firmly and always try to get others support too.
4. If you find that the discussion so going off-track then never lose an opportunity to bring it
Back to stream this is the best point to score max.

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5. Try to keep latest information on the topic.
6. Be very polite, people may try to provoke you to to get more points but try to keep cool.
7. Most important don't wait for your turn to speak when discussion is on. Interrupt politely if
you want to put forward your points.
8. Last but not the least keep tab on the time given for discussion. Score points by wrapping up
the discussion if you feel that the discussion is heating but the time is going to be over.
9. During conclusion, do end with the conclusion note. That shows your leadership quality.

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MOCK INTERVIEW FOR PERSONAL INTERVIEWS
An interview is an important opportunity for candidates to meet to be evaluated for

selection, whatever the reason for the selection may be. Organizations approach this task in
different ways, with specific purposes and objectives. It is important for you to be able to
ascertain quickly as to what type of interview you are facing, to be able to take a stance that
fulfils the purpose of the interview.
Take a mock interview and find out for yourself how well you fare. This gives you a fair
idea of how you would actually perform in front of the interview panel as also gives you the
scope to improve while there is still time. Be truthful and reply as promptly, as honestly and as
spontaneously as you would on THE DAY, to get precise and accurate results regarding your
preparedness for a real interview.
Possible Interview - Questions& Answers

Although many candidates dread them, job interview questions are wonderfulthings!
They are your greatest opportunity to prove to the interviewer that youare the best person for the job!
The key is to give better answers than anyone else.
To do this, you must:
(1) Anticipate likely questions ;( 2) Develop excellent answers ;( 3) Practice!
Be enthusiastic and confident when responding to questions. Don't rush your answers, but don't
ramble on and on, either. Try to avoid using unnecessary words like, um, right?, you know, repeating
yourself, annoying phrases, etc . .A good technique is to write out your answers to the questions you
anticipate, and then edit them to make them more concise. Then practice your polished answers out
loud, over and over. If you can have someone help you do a “mock interview," that would be the best way to do
this. Most questions will relate either to your ability to do the job or to the type of employee you
will be. Here's the list of very commonly asked questions by the interviewer and possible
answers you should make:
"Tell me a little about yourself."
When responding to this request, you should focus on both your personal andprofessional
values. Always be honest, but talk about your best traits only, especially those that relate to the

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position for which you are applying. Highlight experiences and accomplishments you are most
proud of. Here's an example:"I'm an experienced communications specialist with extensive
knowledge of public information tools and techniques. I've developed comprehensive
communication plans for major public events, written dozens of articles accepted by worldwide
publications, and created specialized educational programs for adults and students. I am always
eager to learn new methods and procedures, and have implemented continuous improvement
techniques in my past positions that saved money and increased productivity. I like working with
people and enjoy group projects, but is also a self-starter who doesn't mind working on my own.
I'm a volunteer with the local chapter of Special Olympics and enjoy participating in community
events. My goals are to complete my Master’s Degree and broaden my experiences with
community relations."Remember to tailor your response to the specific job. By studying the job
announcement, you'll get a good idea of the skills and experience being sought. Work those into
your response. Consider this your own personal commercial. If the interview consisted of onlythis
ONE chance to sell yourself, what would you say?
"What is your greatest strength?"

This is a great chance to highlight your best skills. Don't pick just one, focus on your top three
or four. Some examples are: leadership skills, team-building skills, and organizational skills.
Determine which strengths would fit best with the position for which you are applying. For
example, if the job announcement stresses the ability to handle multiple tasks, you could say:
"I'm good at organizational skills, prioritization and time management. But my greatest strength
is my ability to effectively handle multiple projects and deadlines."
"What is your greatest weakness?"
Be careful with this one. Most interview guides will tell you to answer it with appositive trait
disguised as a weakness. For example, "I tend to expect others to work as hard as I do," or "I'm a
bit of a perfectionist." Interviewers have heard these "canned" answers over and over again. To
stand out, be more original and state a true weakness, but then emphasize what you've done to
overcome it. For example: "I've had trouble delegating duties to others because I felt I could do
things better myself. This has sometimes backfired because I'd end up with more than I could

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handle and the quality of my work would suffer. But I’ve taken courses in time management and
learned effective delegation techniques, and I feel I've overcome this weakness."
IMPORTANT:
Be sure the weakness you talk about is NOT a key element of the position!
"How do you handle stressful situations?"
Give some examples of stressful situations you've dealt with in the past. Tell how you use time
management, problem-solving or decision-making skills to reduce stress. For example, tell them
that making a "to-do" list helps. Site stress-reducing techniques such as stretching and taking a
break. Don't be afraid to admit that you will ask for assistance if you are feeling overwhelmed. If
it's true, say you actually work better under pressure.
"What is the toughest problem you've had to face, and how did you overcome it?"
Try to make this about a problem that faced your organization and not just your particular work
group. The bigger the problem, the better. Give specific examples of the skills and techniques
you used to resolve this problem. Emphasize the successful results. Be generous in sharing credit
if it was a team effort, but be sure to highlight your specific role.
If offered to you, how long do you plan to stay in this role?
I approach every new job with a long-term view. I would like to think that I can make a positive
contribution to XYZ Corp for the foreseeable future.
"Why do you want this position?"

Here's where your research about the company will help you stand out among the other
candidates. Explain how you've always wanted the opportunity to work with a company that...
provides a vital public service, leads the industry in innovative products, whatever... fined
something specific about that company that you can tie in with your answer. Explain how your
qualifications and goals complement the company's mission, vision and values (use specific
examples).If you are applying for a position in a company for which you already possess
knowledge, explain how you'll be able to apply and expand on the knowledge and experience
you've gained from your current position, and will be able to increase your contributions and
value to the company through your new responsibilities.

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"Why are you the best person for this job?"
As with all other questions, be confident and enthusiastic when you answer this. Don't try to say
you are the best qualified person, because you don't know the qualifications of the other
applicants. Instead, emphasize several reasons why you should be hired. For example: "I've got
extensive experience in name the appropriate field] and have the specific skills you are looking
for. I'm a fast learner who adapts quickly to change and will hit the ground running. I’m
dedicated and enthusiastic about helping your company meet its goals, and will provide top-
quality results with minimal oversight. I'm an outstanding performer who takes pride in my work.
You won't have any regrets when you hire me."
What kind of salary are you seeking?

I would expect a salary which reflects the experience and qualifications that I bring to the role.
What range do you have in mind? (or)I've got a strong background in this industry and my skills are a
perfect match for this role. I would expect my compensation to be at the upper end of the
position’s salary band. Can you tell me what that salary band is? (or)Based on the information I
have about the position, a salary in the range28,000-32,000 would reflect the experience and
expertise that I would bring to the role.
What do you think it takes to be successful in an organization like this?
I think that determination, a willingness to work hard and a desire to excel in everything you do
are key attributes for a successful employee in any company. A successful employee would also
need to handle pressure well, be great communicator and an excellent team member. These are
attributes thatwould help anyone succeed in their positions and ones that I would like toapply
now.

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SEMINARS BY INDIVIDUALS

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CHAPTER – 7
SENTENCE STRUCTURE:
A subject can be a noun or pronoun that is partnered with an action verb.
Example:
Sometimes a verb will express being or existence instead of action.
Example:

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PHRASES:
A phrase is a group of related words that 1. Doesnot express a complete thought2. Doesnot
have a subject and predicate pairOne type of phrase is a prepositional phrase.
Examples:
Examples:
Even though these phrases contain nouns (pronouns) and/or verb forms, none of the
nouns/pronouns/verbs are subjects or predicates. None of them work as a partnership.
Also, these phrases do NOT express complete thoughts.
CLAUSES:
Words and phrases can be put together to make clauses.Aclause is a group of related words that
contain a subject and predicate.Note the difference between phrases and clauses in the following
examples:

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WORDS:
PHRASES

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DEPENDENT CLAUSES
AVOIDING FRAGMENTS
A complete sentence needs only two elements:a subject - predicate unit AND a complete
thought. In other words, a simple sentence is actually the SAME thing as an independent
clause.Dependent clauses or phrases are called fragments because they are missing one or
more parts needed to make a sentence.
Avoiding Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
Sometimes twoindependent clauses (simple sentences) can be joined to form another kind of
sentence: the compoundsentence. Two major errors can occur when constructing compound
sentences.

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Error #1: The Comma Splice
Writers make this error when they try to separate the two independent clauses in a compound
sentence with a comma alone.A comma is not a strong enough punctuation mark to separate the
two independent clauses by itself; thus, using it causes the clauses to be spliced together.
Example of a comma splice:
This sentence can be repaired in three ways:
1. by adding an appropriate coordinating conjunction
2. by changing the comma to asemicolon
3. by changing the punctuation and adding an appropriate conjunctive adverb

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Error #2: The Fused Sentence
Writers make this error by joining two independent clauses into a compound sentence
withoutusinganypunctuationbetween them.No punctuation between the two independent clauses
causes them to "fuse" into an INCORRECT compound sentence.
Example of a fused sentence:
This sentence is also repaired in three ways:
1. by adding a comma and an appropriate coordinating conjunction
2. by placing a semicolon between the two clauses
3. by adding the needed punctuation and an appropriate conjunctive adverb

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Another way to repair a comma splice or fused sentence is to make each independent clauseinto
a simple sentence.

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TENSES
CORRECT USE OF TENSE
Verb Tense and Time

Past Present Future
Simple past Simple present Simple future
Present perfect Future perfect
Past perfect
Past progressive Present progressive Future progressive
Present perfect progressive Future perfect
Progressive
Past perfect progressive
 Use the two present forms (simple present and present progressive) to show events that
take place now.
 Use the six past forms (simple past, present perfect, past perfect, past progressive,
present perfect progressive, and past perfect progressive) to show events that took place
before the present.
 Use the four future forms (simple future, future perfect, future progressive, and future
perfect progressive) to show events that take place in the future.

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Past Tense
What's past may be past, but only if you get your past tenses straight. Use the following table to
leave the past in the past.
Past Tenses
Tense Use Example

Simple past Completed action We finished the tofu.
Completed condition We were sad; no more tofu.
Present perfect Completed action We have finished the tofu.
Completed condition We have been sad.
Continuing action We have burped for hours.
Continuing condition I have been here for days.
I had eaten all the tofu before you
Past perfect Action completed before another
returned.
Condition completed before I had been sad before the new tofu
another arrived.
Past progressive Continuous completed action I was snoring that week.
Present perfect
Action going into present I have been snoring all week.
progressive
Past perfect Continuing action interrupted by
I had been snoring when the
progressive another

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Future Tenses
Tense Use Example
Simple future Future action The sponge will dry.
Future condition I will be happy when it does.
Future action done before By the time you read this, the sponge will be
Future perfect
another dry.
Future condition done before The sponge will have been on the window for
another a week.
Future progressive Continuing future action They will be buying sponges this week.
Future perfect Continuing future action When we lunch next week, I will have been
progressive done before another pumping iron for at least a week.
A Note on Verbs for Non-Native Speakers
Verbs present special problems for people whose first language is not English. Here are some
guidelines to make your life easier (at least as it relates to verbs).
1. Use the correct form of verbs.

o The following chart can help you remember how to use verbs correctly.
Nonstandard and Standard English

Non-standard English
Present Tense Standard English
I I
you You
we walks we walk
they they
he, she, it walk he, she, it walks
Past Tense

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I I
you You
we walk we walked
they They
he, she, it walk he, she, it walked
2. When used as a helping verb, be, do, and have change form to agree with a third-person
singular subject. The main verb does not add
o Incorrect: Does the store opens at 10
o Correct: Does the store open at 10
3. Can and could
o Can means am/is/are able. It may be used to show the present tense.
o Today, I can sleep late.
o I can clean the house—but I won't.
o Could means was/were able when used to show the past tense of can. Could also
means “might be able, a possibility or wish.”
o In the past, I could touch my toes.
o I wish I could touch my toes now.
o Can and could (along with might, must, shall, should, will, would) never change
form.
4. Idiomatic expressions with can, could, might, must, shall, should, will, would
o These words are called “modals.” Here's a list of the most common expressions.
Idiomatic Expressions with Modals
Example Meaning
I would rather walk than ride. I prefer to walk.
I would sleep during foreign films. I always sleep in foreign movies.
Shall we meet again? I'm inviting you to meet again.
Would you mind turning off the radio? Would you be against doing this?

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Do you mind turning it off? Please turn it off.
5. Invert the subject and all or part of the verb to form questions.
o The subject and verb change places to form questions. The following examples
show this.
Question Forms
Statements Questions
He is absent today. Is he absent today?
Mara can help us. Can Mara help us?
They are working here. Are they working here?
It has made this noise before. Has it made this sound before?
ARTICLES:
The 3 articles in English are a, anandthe. The learner has to decide noun-by-noun which one of
the articles to use*. In fact, there are 4 choices to make, because sometimes no article is
necessary. Native-speakers, of course, use the articles correctly without thinking in everyday
spoken language. English learners, on the other hand, need to have some guidelines for making
the right choice - particularly those learners whose own language does not have articles, such as
Japanese or Korean. The guidelines that follow here should help ESL students to a basic
understanding of English article use.
The most important first step in choosing the correct article is to categorize the noun as count or
uncountedin its context**:
- A count noun is a noun that can have a number in front of it: 1 teacher, 3 books, 76 trombones,
1,000,000 people.

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- An uncounted noun is a noun that cannot have a number put in front of it: 1 water, 2 lucks, 10
airs, 21 oils, 39 information’s. Once you have correctly categorized the noun (using your
dictionary if necessary), the following "rules" apply:
Uncounted nouns
 You cannot say a/an with an uncounted noun.

 You cannot put a number in front of an uncounted noun. (You cannot make an uncounted
noun plural.)
 You use an uncounted noun with no article if you mean that thing in general.
 You use the with an uncounted noun when you are talking about a particular example of
that thing.
Count nouns
 You can put a number in front of a count noun. (You can make a count noun plural.)
 You can put both a/an and the in front of a count noun.
 You must put an article in front of a singular count noun.
 You use a plural count noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.
 You usually use a/an with a count noun the first time you say or write that noun.
 You use the with count nouns:
o the second and subsequent times you use the noun in a piece of speech or writing
o when the listener knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only
one of that thing)
 You use an (not a) when the next word (adverb, adjective, noun) starts with a vowel
sound.

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INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET:
The symbol from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as used in phonetic
transcriptions in modern dictionaries for English learners — that is, in A. C. Gibson’s
phonemic system with a few additional symbols.
vowels IPA examples listen
ʌ cup, luck Amer
ɑ: arm, father Amer / Brit
æ cat, black Amer
e met, bed Amer 1
ə away, cinema Amer 2
ɜ:ʳ turn, learn Amer / Brit 2
ɪ hit, sitting Amer
i: see, heat Amer
ɒ hot, rock Amer / Brit 3
ɔ: call, four Amer / Brit 45
ʊ put, could Amer
u: blue, food Amer
aɪ five, eye Amer
aʊ now, out Amer
eɪ say, eight Amer
oʊ go, home Amer 6

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ɔɪ boy, join Amer
eəʳ where, air Amer / Brit 17
ɪəʳ near, here Amer / Brit 7
ʊəʳ pure, tourist Amer / Brit 7
consonants IPA examples listen
b bad, lab Amer
d did, lady Amer
f find, if Amer
g give, flag Amer
h how, hello Amer
j yes, yellow Amer
k cat, back Amer
l leg, little Amer
m man, lemon Amer
n no, ten Amer
ŋ sing, finger Amer
p pet, map Amer
r red, try Amer 8
s sun, miss Amer
ʃ she, crash Amer

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t tea, getting Amer 9
tʃ check, church Amer
θ think, both Amer
ð this, mother Amer
v voice, five Amer
w wet, window A”h’fdikmer
z zoo, lazy Amer
ʒ pleasure, vision Amer
1. Almost all dictionaries use the e symbol for the vowel in bed. The problem with this
convention is that e in the IPA does not stand for the vowel in bed; it stands for a different
vowel that is heard, for example, in the German word Seele. The “proper” symbol for the
bed vowel is ɛ (do not confuse with ɜ:). The same goes for eə vs. ɛə.
2. In əʳ and ɜ:ʳ, the ʳ is not pronounced in BrE, unless the sound comes before a vowel (as
in answering, answer it). In AmE, the ʳ is always pronounced, and the sounds are
sometimes written as ɚ and ɝ.
3. In AmE, ɑ: and ɒ are one vowel, so calm and cot have the same vowel. In American
transcriptions, hot is written as hɑ:t.
4. About 40% of Americans pronounce ɔ: the same way as ɑ:, so that caught and cot
have the same vowel. See cot-caught merger.
5. In American transcriptions, ɔ: is often written as ɒ: (e.g. law = lɒ:), unless it is

followed by r, in which case it remains an ɔ:.

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6. In British transcriptions, oʊ is usually represented as əʊ. For some BrE speakers, oʊ is
more appropriate (they use a rounded vowel) — for others, the proper symbol is əʊ. For
American speakers, oʊ is usually more accurate.
7. In eəʳɪəʳʊəʳ, the r is not pronounced in BrE, unless the sound comes before a vowel (as
in dearest, dear Ann). In AmE, the r is always pronounced, and the sounds are often
written as erɪrʊr.
8. All dictionaries use the r symbol for the first sound in red. The problem with this
convention is that r in the IPA does not stand for the British or American r; it stands for
the “hard” r that is heard, for example, in the Spanish word rey or Italian vero. The
“proper” symbol for the red consonant is ɹ.
9. In American English, t is often pronounced as a flap t, which sounds like d or (more

accurately) like the quick, hard r heard e.g. in the Spanish word pero. For example: letter.
Some dictionaries use the t ̬ symbol for the flap t. special symbols IPA what it means
ˈ The vertical line (ˈ) is used to show word stress. It is placed before the stressed
syllable in a word. For example, /ˈkɒntrækt/ is pronounced like this, and /kənˈtrækt/ like
that. Word stress is explained in our article about phonetic transcription.ʳʳ is not a sound
— it is a short way of saying that an r is pronounced only in American English. For
example, if you write that the pronunciation of bar is /bɑ:ʳ/, you mean that it is /bɑ:r/ in
American English, and /bɑ:/ in British English.
However, in BrE, r will be heard if ʳ is followed by a vowel. For example, far gone is
pronounced /ˈfɑ: ˈgɒn/ in BrE, but far out is pronounced /ˈfɑ: ˈraʊt/.ii is usually pronounced
like a shorter version of i:, but sometimes (especially in an old-fashioned British accent) it
can sound like ɪ. Examples: very /ˈveri/, create /kriˈeɪt/, previous /ˈpri:viəs/, ability
/əˈbɪlɪti/.ələl means that the consonant l is pronounced as a separate syllable (the syllabic l,
which sounds like a vowel), or that there is a short ə sound before it. Examples: little /ˈlɪtəl/,

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uncle /ˈʌŋkəl/. Instead of the əl symbol, some dictionaries use an l with a small vertical line
underneath, or simply l, as in /ˈlɪtl/.
VOWEL AND CONSONANT SOUNDS
A consonant letter usually represents one consonant sound. Some consonant letters, for example,
c, g, s, can represent two different consonant sounds.
Letters Sounds Examples
b [b] baby, best, buy, bring, blind, absent, about, number, labor, robber, tub
[s] center, cellar, cigarette, cinema, agency, notice;

c
[k] cake, come, cucumber, clean, cry, scratch, act, panic
d [d] day, dear, die, door, duty, admire, hidden, lady, kind, ride, ended
f [f] fast, female, five, forest, fund, fry, flight, often, deaf, cuff
[g] game, gap, get, go, gun, great, global, giggle, ago, begin, dog, egg;
g [j] general, gin, giant, agent, suggest, Egypt, energy, huge, manage;
[zh] mirage, garage, beige, rouge

[h] hair, help, history, home, hotel, hunt, behind, inherit;
h
[-] hour, honor, honest, heir, vehicle, Sarah
j [j] jam, Jane, jet, jelly, Jim, jingle, joke, John, June, just
k [k] Kate, kind, kill, kilogram, sky, blanket, break, take, look
l [l] late, let, live, alone, close, slim, please, old, nicely, table, file, all

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m [m] make, men, mind, mother, must, my, common, summer, name, form, team
n [n] napkin, never, night, no, nuclear, funny, student, kindness, ton, sun
p [p] paper, person, pick, pour, public, repair, apple, keep, top, crisp
[kw] quality, question, quite, quote, equal, require;

q (qu)
[k] unique, technique, antique, grotesque
R [r] rain, red, rise, brief, grow, scream, truck, arrive, hurry, turn, more, car
[s] send, simple, song, system, street, lost, kiss, release;

S
[z] cause, present, reason, realism, advise, always, is, was
T [t] task, tell, time, tone, tune, hotel, attentive, student, boat, rest
V [v] vast, vein, vivid, voice, even, review, invest, give, move, active
W [w] wall, war, way, west, wind, word, would, swear, swim, twenty, twist
[ks] exercise, exchange, expect, ex-wife, axis, fix, relax;
X [gz] exam, exact, executive, exert, exist, exit, exult;
[z] Xenon, Xerox, xenophobia, xylophone

[z] zero, zoo, horizon, puzzle, crazy, organize, quiz, jazz;
Z
[ts] pizza, Mozart, Nazi, waltz

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CONSONANT COMBINATIONS
Letters Sounds Examples
[ks] accent, accept, access, eccentric, accident;

Cc
[k] accommodate, account, accuse, occur, acclaim
ch chain, check, chief, choose, teacher, much, church;
[ch]
tch kitchen, catch, match, watch, pitch, stretch
ch (Latin, Greek) [k] character, chemical, Chris, archive, mechanic, technical, ache;
ch (French) [sh] champagne, charlatan, chef, chic, machine, cache

Ck [k] black, pack, deck, kick, pick, cracker, pocket, rocket
dge [j] bridge, edge, judge, knowledge, budget, badger
[g] ghost, ghastly, Ghana, ghetto;
gh [f] cough, enough, rough, tough, laugh;
[-] though, through, weigh, neighbor, bought, daughter

[g] guard, guess, guest, guide, guitar, dialogue;
gu
[gw] language, linguistics, Guatemala, Nicaragua
[ŋ] king, sing, singer, singing, bang, long, wrong, tongue;
ng
[ŋ]+[g] finger, anger, angry, longer, longest, single
ph [f] phone, photograph, phrase, phenomenon, biography

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[kw] quality, question, quite, quote, equal, require;
qu
[k] unique, technique, antique, grotesque
[s] science, scissors, scene, scent, scythe;
Sc
[sk] scan, scandal, scare, score, Scotch, scuba
[sk] school, scholar, scheme, schedule;
sch
[sh] schnauzer, schedule
Sh [sh] share, she, shine, shoe, fish, cash, push, punish
[θ] thank, thick, think, thought, thunder, author, breath, bath;

Th
[ð] this, that, then, though, father, brother, breathe, bathe
[w] what, when, where, which, while, why, whale, wheel, white;
wh
[h] who, whom, whose, whole
[ks] exhibition;
Xh [ks]+[h] exhumation, exhume, exhale;
[g]+[z] exhaust, exhibit, exhilarate, exhort, exhume, exhale

With silent letters Sounds Examples
bt, pt [t] doubt, debt, subtle; receipt, pterodactyl
kn, gn, pn [n] knee, knife, know; gnome, sign, foreign; pneumonia, pneumatic
mb, lm [m] lamb, climb, bomb, comb, tomb; calm, palm, salmon
Ps [s] psalm, pseudonym, psychologist, psychiatrist
Rh [r] rhapsody, rhetoric, rheumatism, rhythm, rhyme

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wrap, wreck, wrestle, wrinkle, wrist, write, wrong
Wr [r]
Letters in the suffix Sounds Examples
ti, ci, si, su [sh] nation, patient, special, vicious, pension, Asia, sensual, pressure
si, su [zh] vision, fusion, Asia, usual, visual, measure, pleasure
Word Stress Rules
There are two very simple rules about word stress:
1. One word has only one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. If you hear two
stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word. It is true that there can be
a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main
[primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)
2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the
stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to
"feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.
A. Stress on first syllable
rule Example
Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble
Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy
B. Stress on last syllable
Rule Example

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Rule Example
Most 2-syllable verbs preSENT, exPORT, deCIDE, beGIN
There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and class change with a change in
stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a
noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress the second syllable, it becomes a
verb (to offer). More examples: the words export, import, contract and object can all be nouns
or verbs depending on whether the stress is on the first or second syllable.
C. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)
Rule Example
Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic
Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion
For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For
example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is:
CONtroversy and conTROversy.
D. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)
Rule Example
Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy
Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical
E. Compound words (words with two parts)
Rule Example
For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part BLACKbird, GREENhouse
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part underSTAND, overFLOW

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INTONATION:
Falling intonation
Falling intonation describes how the voice falls on the final stressed syllable of a phrase or a
group of words. A falling intonation is very common in wh-questions.
Where’s the nearest p↘ost-office?
What time does the film f↘inish?
Rising intonation
Rising intonation describes how the voice rises at the end of a sentence. Rising intonation is
common in yes-no questions:
I hear the Health Centre is expanding. So, is that the new d↗octor?
Are you th↗irsty?
Fall-rise intonation
Fall-rise intonation describes how the voice falls and then rises. We use fall-rise intonation at the
end of statements when we want to say that we are not sure, or when we may have more to add:
I do↘n’t support any football team at the m↘om↗ent. (but I may change my mind in future).
It rained every day in the firs↘tw↗eek. (but things improved after that).
We use fall-rise intonation with questions, especially when we request information or invite
somebody to do or to have something. The intonation pattern makes the questions sound more
polite:
Is this your cam↘er↗a

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LISTENING:
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD LISTENING
1-Maintain eye contact. This is the first and foremost principle of good listening. It helps the
listener to concentrate on the speaker’s words. It save him from distracting his attention from the
speaker.
2-Focus on content, not delivery. A Good listener never focus on the delivery ,he always
become all ears for the contents. He does not allow his attention to go astray from the words of
the speaker.

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3-Avoid emotional involvement. When you are too emotionally involved in listening, you tend
to hear what you want to hear--not what is actually being said. Try to remain objective and open-
minded.
4-Avoid diversion and distraction. A good and active listener focus on the contents he is
listening not the nearby voices or sounds.
5-Consider the listening an inspiring intellectual job. Listening to an educational lecture is not
a passive work. It is always edifying and useful for listener that is why he should take listening
as an inspiring job.
6- Ask questions in your mind. Active listening keeps you alert. Always ask yourself some
questions about the contents of the speaker. Keep evaluating his ideas during listening.
7- Keep your mind focused on the Speech.
Use the rate of speech and your rate of thought to anticipate what the speaker will say next.
In this way you will be able to keep your mind from straying.
8-do not interrupt the speaker. Let the speaker complete his speech or lecture and then ask
question if any .Let yourself finish listening before you begin to speak.
9- Try to infer the main idea .The main ideas are the most important points the speaker wants
to convey. Always try to infer the theme of the contents of the speaker.
10- Express that you are listening and understanding. Try to look at the speaker and express
your attention by nodding now and then. Appropriate feedback at different points with smile,
frown or laugh shows that you are actively involved in listening.
11-Remain Objective .Avoid emotional involvement because it will deviate your attention from
the real contents of the speech.

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CORPORATE ETIQUETTE:
Corporate etiquette is sometimes called business etiquette and it is a set of ordinarily
agreed upon rules for behaving in the business environment. Essentially, it focuses on manners
for the corporation and for its individual players. It has to do with the way an individual interacts
with customers and other businesses. When etiquette is observed, the corporation has the
opportunity to present a seamless, mannered front to the rest of the world, which can increase the
respect the world gives it, resulting in a potentially more profitable corporation.
Some of the subjects that corporate etiquette might address include the polite way to interact
with others. Specific behaviours and manners attached to the way people speak in person or on
the phone may change how others perceive a corporation. Written communications are equally
important and anything from an email to a formal letter may be governed by certain rules,
according to etiquette specialists.
Interaction isn’t only limited to verbal or written communication. Many groups that specialize in
teaching the rules of business etiquette also teach proper manners for dining with clients or other
businesses. People may not know these rules automatically and benefit from instruction in table
manners and appropriate dining conversation.
Etiquette Guide for Success This guide will address etiquette in two general areas: professional
dress and dining. This guide will assist you with each type of setting and give you the confidence
you need to be successful. Professional Dress As you enter the workplace, it is important to
understand what is considered to be appropriate dress. While this serves as a general guide, each
employer may have their own interpretations and dress code. Be sure to consult with your
mentor, supervisor or employee handbook if you have specific questions about dress in your
organization. Business Professional means suits. And by suits, it means that when bought, the
jacket and the bottom piece should be on the same hanger. Black, blue or grey are always safe
choices in terms of colour. For women, the skirt should not be too short and a blouse should not
be too low cut. Men need to wear a tie. Business Casual means pants like khakis or casual skirts.
Men should wear collared shirts. Casual means jeans and casual tops. Jeans should be clean and
not torn. Shirts should also be appropriate for a work setting without offensive language or
graphics. Sneakers, miniskirts, shorts, clothing that is ill fitting or torn generally have no place in
the work setting.

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EMAIL ETIQUETTE
Email has become an important part of all industries. Most of your communication will
be done over email so it is important to use appropriate practices and behaviour. Use the Subject
line-Clearly summarizes the contents of your message in the subject line. Many professional
won’t read an email unless there is content in the subject line. Do not use CC to copy your
message to everyone-the volume of emails we receive continues to grow so be mindful of the
people who really need to be copied on your message. Also take care to not Reply All to a
message. It may not be appropriate for everyone to receive your reply. Use BCCs when
addressing a message that will go to a large group of people who do notnecessarily know each
other-Do not assume that someone is comfortable with you sharing their email address with
people they might not know. To protect and respect everyone’s privacy, be sure to enter your
address in the To field and everyone else’s address in the BCC field.
Grammar counts-be sure to use proper capitalization in emails. Even if you are responding on
wireless device, it is still important to use proper business communication. Avoid using all caps
in emails as well. It makes the message more difficult to read and also appears as though you are
shooting! Take care to not revert to text speak. It would be too casual and unprofessional.
Emoticons-Smiles and other graphics have no place in a business email. These are best left
toyour personal emails. As courtesy to your recipient, include your name at the bottom of the
message-you can easily add a professional looking signature at the bottom of all your messages.
This would include your email, phone number and fax number. Dining Etiquette In the world of
business, you will encounter a variety of dining situations. You will have many opportunities to
share a meal, attend a reception or be at a party with other businesspeople.
Perhaps you will dine with a corporate executive at a CBA Career Services’ dinner or network
with business people at a party. You may be invited to attend a reception as part of an
employer’s open house, where you can learn about working for that particular employer. There is
a strong chance that one of your job interviews will be conducted over lunch. We are going to
outline three specific dining settings: the networking reception, the business lunch and the formal
dinner. A Brief History of Etiquette protocols have been a part of society for a long time. The
first known “etiquette scroll” was written in 2500 BC. In the 11th century Europeans ate with

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their fingers but well-bred individuals only used three fingers. Between the 14th and 16th
centuries, forks were used; however they were viewed as being scandalous and heretical.
Erasmus wrote the most well-known etiquette book in the 16th century. It was called On Civility
on Children. And finally, picking your teeth at the table with weaponry was considered an
etiquette faux pas in the 17th century. The Networking Reception While these types of events
aren’t as formal, it is still critical to be on your best behavior and keep in mind some general
rules: Refrain from or if you are of legal age, limit the consumption of alcohol.
If you are a candidate attending a reception as part of the interview process, it is never advised to
consume alcohol. It is a growing trend for recruiters not to have alcohol at recruiting events.
Making alcohol available is considered to be a violation of the National Association of Colleges
and Employers ethical standards. o If you do choose to consume, have only one or two
beverages. Corporate representatives keep an eye on consumption levels and associated
behaviours. Serve yourself a small plate of hors d’oeuvres and move away from the food table.
Remember, there might be limited seating or tables for resting your plate. Be sure to select food
that can be easily eaten with one hand and standing up.
Hold your plate or drink in your left hand, leaving your right had free to shake hands and greet
others. Do not talk with food in your mouth. Remember, depending on the circumstances and
nature of the event, the focus is on meeting other professionals and not eating a full meal. You
will typically be served light fare: finger foods and appetizers. Be sure to circulate as much as
you can. If this is part of an interview process, try to meet as many of the staff as you can. This is
your opportunity to make a great impression on potential colleagues. Introducing yourself to an
existing conversation: Never immediately interrupt the flow of the conversation. Either wait to
be recognized by the corporate sponsor engaged in the conversation or wait for a meaningful
pause in order to introduce you.
Therefore, it may be necessary to excuse yourself from a conversation. Once again wait for a
meaningful break in conversation to thank the corporate representative for their time, and ask for
a business card. Introduce a newcomer to the group and signal that as your exit. Excuse yourself
to refresh your beverage or acquire additional appetizers. The Business Lunch the Business

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Lunch, whether it is part of an interview or a meeting with clients, it is still a place for your best
professional behaviour. Whether you are the host or the guest, here are some simple things to
keep in mind for a successful meeting: Always respond to the invitation; it is important for the
host to know you are attending in advance. Once you have accepted the invitation, don’t break
your commitment to attend. It sends a poor message regarding your scheduling.
SKILLS - WORKPLACE ETIQUETTE
MAKING POSITIVE IMPRESSIONS
 Stand straight, make eye contact, turn towards people when they are speaking, and
genuinely smile at people.
 Follow your office dress code, perhaps dressing a step above the norm for your office.
 Your briefcase or bag and the things you carry in them say something about you. Messy
items may detract from the image you would like to present.
 When meeting someone for the first time, be sure to shake hands palm to palm with a
gentle firmness.
 Be alert. Sleepiness looks bad in the workplace.
 Kindness and courtesy count!
 Arrive early to work each day.
PEOPLE
How you treat people says a lot about you.
 Learn names and learn them quickly. A good tip for remembering names is to use a
person's name three times within your first conversation with them. Also, write names
down and keep business cards. People know when you don't know their names and may
interpret this as a sign that you don't value them.
 Don't make value judgments on people's importance in the workplace. Talk to the
maintenance staff members and to the people who perform many of the administrative
support functions. These people deserve your respect!

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 Self-assess: Think about how you treat your supervisor(s), peers, and subordinates.
Would the differences in the relationships, if seen by others, cast you in an unfavorable
light? If so, find where the imbalance exists, and start the process of reworking the
relationship dynamic.
 What you share with others about your personal life is your choice, but be careful. Things
can come back to haunt you. Don't ask others to share their personal lives with you. This
makes many people uncomfortable in the work space.
 Respect people's personal space. This may be very different than your own.
COMMUNICATING
 Return phone calls and emails within 24 hours - even if only to say that you will provide
requested information at a later date.
 Ask before putting someone on speakerphone.
 Personalize your voice mail - there's nothing worse than just hearing a phone number on
someone's voice mail and not knowing if you are leaving a message with the correct
person. People may not even leave messages.
 Emails at work should be grammatically correct and free of spelling errors. They should
not be treated like personal email.
 When emailing, use the subject box, and make sure it directly relates to what you are
writing. This ensures ease in finding it later and a potentially faster response.
 Never say in an email anything you wouldn't say to someone's face.
 Underlining, italicizing, bolding, coloring, and changing font size can make a mild email
message seem overly strong or aggressive.
MEETINGS
 For a meeting in someone's office, don't arrive more than five minutes early, as they may
be prepping for your meeting, another meeting later that day, or trying to get other work
done. You may make them uncomfortable, and that is not a good way to begin your
meeting.

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 Don't arrive late...ever. If you are going to be late, try to let someone know so that people
are not sitting around waiting for you. Don't forget that being on time for a meeting
means arriving 5 minutes early - for an interview, arrive 10 minutes early.
 When a meeting runs late and you need to be somewhere else, always be prepared to
explain where you need to be (understanding that the value of where you need to be will
likely be judged).
 Do not interrupt people. This is a bad habit to start and a tough one to end.
 There is a time and place for confrontation, and a meeting is almost never that place. You
will embarrass and anger other people, and you will look bad for doing it. Give people
time and space outside of meetings to reflect on issues that need to be dealt with.
WORK SPACE
 Keep the space professional and neat with appropriate personal touches! People will see
the space and consider it a reflection of you.
 Whether it is a cubicle or office, respect others' space. Don't just walk in; knock or make
your presence gently known. Don't assume acknowledgement of your presence is an
invitation to sit down; wait until you are invited to do so.
 Don't interrupt people on the phone, and don't try to communicate with them verbally or
with sign language. You could damage an important phone call.
 Limit personal calls, especially if you work in a space that lacks a door.
 Learn when and where it is appropriate to use your cell phone in your office.
 Food consumption should generally be regulated. Smells and noise from food can be
distracting to others trying to work.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
 Knowing the language makes an excellent impression on the people you are doing
business with. Barely knowing the language, but feigning fluency, could really harm the
work you are trying to accomplish.
 Be mindful of time zones. You don't want to wake someone up on their cell phone or call
someone with an unreasonable deadline or concern at an awkward time of day for them.

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 As there is no standard global work day, you should keep in mind that work hours vary
from country to country. This is important when scheduling meetings or conference calls.
 Know the holidays that will be observed, and be respectful of the time surrounding the
holidays, as people may be less available.
 Meals can be extremely crucial in making a positive international business etiquette
impression. The customs that are followed when dining are often very important, and
mistakes in this area could be costly. Knowing the etiquette well in advance should allow
you to relax and enjoy what could be an amazing new experience.
LISTENING SKILLS
Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication
process. Listening is key to all effective communication, without the ability to listen effectively
messages are easily misunderstood – communication breaks down and the sender of the message
can easily become frustrated or irritated.
Listening is so important that many top employers provide listening skills training for their
employees. This is not surprising when you consider that good listening skills can lead to: better
customer satisfaction, greater productivity with fewer mistakes, increased sharing of information
that in turn can lead to more creative and innovative work.
Many successful leaders and entrepreneurs credit their success to effective listening
skills. Richard Branson frequently quotes listening as one of the main factors behind the success
of Virgin.
A greater number of friends and social networks, improved self-esteem and confidence, higher
grades at school and in academic work and even better health and general well-being.
Studies have shown that, whereas speaking raises blood pressure, attentive listening can bring it
down.
Hearing refers to the sounds that you hear, whereas listening requires more than that: it requires
focus. Listening means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of

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language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means
being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages. Your ability to listen effectively depends
on the degree to which you perceive and understand these messages.
We Spend a lot of Time Listening
Adults spend an average of 70% of their time engaged in some sort of communication, of this an
average of 45% is spent listening compared to 30% speaking, 16% reading and 9%
writing. (Adler, R. et al. 2001).
TIME MANAGEMENT
“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on
specific activities.
 Greater productivity and efficiency.
 A better professional reputation.
 Less stress.
 Increased opportunities for advancement.
 Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals.
 Missed deadlines.
 Inefficient work flow.
 Poor work quality.
 A poor professional reputation and a stalled career.
 Higher stress levels.
Teamwork skills:

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For small groups to function effectively in a course context, students must attend to both the
climate within their group and the process by which they accomplish their tasks. Critical to a
healthy climate and an effective process are strong communication skills. Below you will find
the basic characteristics of effective communicators, plus tips to help students with group climate
and process.
Although students can gain many of the skills described below through informal social
interactions, they still benefit from having them made explicit. To hone their skills they also need
opportunities to practice as well as to receive regular feedback on how they’re doing. Share the
information below with your students, use it to set activities for them, and work to incorporate
three components of feedback into your plan: instructor comments (oral and/or written),
reflective group discussions and/or peer assessment, and self-reflection (see the reflection
prompts in Appendix A for ideas).
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
 can explain their own ideas

 express their feelings in an open but non-threatening way
 listen carefully to others
 ask questions to clarify others’ ideas and emotions
 can sense how others feel based on their nonverbal communication
 will initiate conversations about group climate or process if they sense tensions brewing
 reflect on the activities and interactions of their group and encourage other group members to
do so as well
SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE AN HEALTH
 Openness: Group members are willing to get to know one another, particularly those with
different interests and backgrounds. They are open to new ideas, diverse viewpoints, and the
variety of individuals present within the group. They listen to others and elicit their ideas. They

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know how to balance the need for cohesion within a group with the need for individual
expression.
 Trust and self-disclosure: Group members trust one another enough to share their own ideas
and feelings. A sense of mutual trust develops only to the extent that everyone is willing to self-
disclose and be honest yet respectful. Trust also grows as group members demonstrate personal
accountability for the tasks they have been assigned.
 Support: Group members demonstrate support for one another as they accomplish their goals.
They exemplify a sense of team loyalty and both cheer on the group as a whole and help
members who are experiencing difficulties. They view one another not as competitors (which is
common within a typically individualistic educational system) but as collaborators.
 Respect: Group members communicate their opinions in a way that respects others, focusing on
“What can we learn?” rather than “Who is to blame?” See constructive feedback in the process
section for more details.
As an instructor, you can use several strategies to encourage students to develop a healthy
climate within their small groups:
 Assign students into diverse groups so that they encounter others with different backgrounds and
interests.
 Design activities that break the ice, promote awareness of differences within the group,
encourage reflection on the stresses of working within a group, and point out the demands of
working in a group.
 Have students participate in trust challenges. For example, try the trust-fall, in which individual
group members fall backward off a table and are caught by their fellow group members. Or
blindfold individual students, and have their group members guide them orally through an
obstacle course.
 Encourage students to participate willingly and ask questions of others. To encourage listening
skills and ensure that everyone in the group speaks, try the “circle of voices” exercise. See
Centre for Teaching Excellence (CTE) teaching tip “Group Work in the Classroom: Types of
Small Groups”.

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 After students have worked in their groups for a couple of weeks, have them fill in a “Are we a
team?” checklist individually, then discuss their answers within their group. Have them repeat
this exercise when they have completed their task. See appendix B for an example of this
checklist.
SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE GROUPS
 Individual responsibility and accountability: All group members agree on what needs to be
done and by whom. Each student then determines what he or she needs to do and takes
responsibility to complete the task(s). They can be held accountable for their tasks, and they hold
others accountable for theirs.
 Constructive Feedback: Group members are able to give and receive feedback about group
ideas. Giving constructive feedback requires focusing on ideas and behaviours, instead of
individuals, being as positive as possible, and offering suggestions for improvement. Receiving
feedback requires listening well, asking for clarification if the comment is unclear, and being
open to change and other ideas.
 Problem solving: Group members help the group to develop and use strategies central to their
group goals. As such, they can facilitate group decision making and deal productively with
conflict. In extreme cases, they know when to approach the professor for additional advice and
help.
 Management and organization: Group members know how to plan and manage a task, how to
manage their time, and how to run a meeting. For example, they ensure that meeting goals are
set, that an agenda is created and followed, and that everyone has an opportunity to participate.
They stay focused on the task and help others to do so too.
 Knowledge of roles: Group members know which roles can be filled within a group (e.g.,
facilitator, idea-generator, summarizer, evaluator, mediator, encourager, and recorder) and are
aware of which role(s) they and others are best suited for. They are also willing to rotate roles to
maximize their own and others’ group learning experience.

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STRESS MANAGEMENT
We all respond to stress differently so there’s no “one size fits all” solution to managing stress.
But if you feel like the stress in your life is out of control, it’s time to take action. Stress
management can teach you healthier ways to cope with stress, help you reduce its harmful
effects, and prevent stress from spiraling out of control again in the future.
No matter how powerless you may feel in the face of stress, you still have control over your
lifestyle, thoughts, emotions, and the way you deal with problems. Stress management involves
changing the stressful situation when you can, changing your reaction when you can’t, taking
care of yourself, and making time for rest and relaxation. The first step is to recognize the true
sources of stress in your life.
SOURCES OF STRESS
S tart a S tress Jou r n al
A stress journal can help you identify the regular stressors in your life and the way you deal with
them. Each time you feel stressed; keep track of it in your journal. As you keep a daily log, you
will begin to see patterns and common themes. Write down:
 What caused your stress (make a guess if you’re unsure)

 How you felt, both physically and emotionally
 How you acted in response
 What you did to make yourself feel better
To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses:
 Do you explain away stress as temporary (“I just have a million things going on right
now”) even though you can’t remember the last time you took a breather?
 Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (“Things are always
crazy around here”) or as a part of your personality (“I have a lot of nervous energy,
that’s all”).

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 Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely normal
and unexceptional?
ASSERTIVENESS
Assertiveness concerns being able to express feelings, wishes, want and desires appropriately
and is an important personal and interpersonal skill. In all your interactions with other people,
whether at home or at work, with employers, customers or colleagues, assertiveness can help you
to express yourself in a clear, open and reasonable way, without undermining your own or
others’ rights.
Appearing for Group Discussion

They are given a topic. After about 3-4 minutes, during which time they (the participants) collect
their thoughts, the group is asked to discuss the topic for 20 to 25 minutes.
Leadership: The first and foremost quality a candidate should exhibit is leadership qualities in a
group discussion.
 In a group discussion, the candidate should seize the initiative right from the word go.
The key is to be well read on the current socio-political scenario and the economic
conditions.
 In a group discussion, the candidate has to maintain a pleasing body-language throughout
the group-discussion. Habits like playing with pen or shuffling in the seat or making any
kind of noise or crossing arms or legs are a strict no-no.
 In a group discussion when the time is given to prepare for the topic, the candidate should
make sure that he/she makes enough points to last for the entire duration even if some of
his ideas are taken up by other candidates.
 In a group discussion, the candidate should maintain the lead seized by taking on the
initiative. Many a times the contestants initiate the discussion only to lose their fizz next.
Either they do not have much to speak after a few minutes or they take to mere
coordination. Both the situations should be avoided. Ideally, the initiator should be able
to provide leads to the discussion rather than being a mere facilitator.

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 If some candidate wants to contribute something to the discussion but is not getting a
chance, try to involve him in the discussion. On the other hand, if a candidate is unwilling
to speak do not push him because it would appear as if you are insulting him/her.
 At the same times try to inspire the group for some out of the box solution. However, be
sure of the logical culmination of such solution.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
In a group discussion, the power of expressions is at test. In a group discussion, a

candidate has to talk effectively so that he is able to convey his thoughts and convince others
about them. For convincing, one has to speak effectively. One can be pleasant and yet effectively
put forth his view points. Remember you are not expected to know each and every thing about
each and every topic. At the same time, the candidate has to create an impact by effective
presentation of his knowledge of the subject. A candidate who is successful in holding the
attention of the audience creates a positive impact.
 You sshould have ability to listen as well as. Do not put your point as if you are
interrupting somebody. First be sure, what you want to say, bring a coherency in your
ideas and then proceed. While putting your ideas, you should appear to continue the
discussion and do not attempt to bring a disjuncture in a group discussion. If you attempt
at one then be sure to carry that thought to a logical culmination.
 In a group discussion, make sure that you are not taking up all the time by stammering or
by taking up long pauses. One it creates bad impression and shows lack of confidence
and secondly, the moment you do so, the lead may be taken up by some other candidate.
 You should address the group as a whole and not appear to be looking to some particular
person.
 Do not be loud as if appear to scream. At the same time, be loud enough so that
everybody hears you clearly.
 Do not try to put a fake accent. Be your normal self. Putting up accent often leads to
stammering.
 Be clear about your ideas before you speak and do not lie about facts and figures.

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 It is not a war so avoid making personal remarks and overtly aggressive. At the same
time be positive and try to seize initiative.
EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT
 In a group discussion, a candidate must remember to keep his emotions under check. On
any given topic, emotions should be kept strictly under check. For e.g. should India go to
war with Pakistan? Alternatively, how should Indian Cricket team be dealt with? On
topics like these, a balanced view backed up with rationale should be taken rather than
being charged up emotionally. These types of questions or topics are designed to test the
emotional quotient of the candidate.
 The candidate must leave scope for flexibility. If at the last moment, some other
candidate come up with a very strong point contradicting your stand then you will be in a
fix. So, leave little room for manoeuvring.
 At the same time try to take, some stand and do not appear to vacillate. This shows that
the candidate is lacking in character to take decision.
BE WELL PREPARED
 The candidate must start preparing for group-discussion, just after the written
examination. Do not wait till the call-letter. You may not get adequate time. It important
to concentrate on subjects of your graduation as well as general knowledge and general
awareness. Hence, the prime need for thorough preparation. Remember, the competition
is very tough.
 It may so happen that you are called for interviews and group discussions from three or
four organizations but are not selected by any. The reason obviously lies in your not
being well-prepared.

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CAMPUS TO CORPORATE [2017]

SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 1

Signature of the guide Signature of HOD

Date of Viva Voice:

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 2

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CAMPUS AND CORPORATE:

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It is natural to think of an organization as having a collective identity distinct from that of

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Corporate Governance Movement

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BPO INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING

SERVICES OFFERED BY INDIAN BPO COMPANIES

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE INDIAN BPO INDUSTRY

THE TOP FIFTEEN BPO COMPANIES IN INDIA

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OUTSOURCE YOUR BPO WORK TO INDIA

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READING ABILITY FROM NEWSPAPERS

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1. WORLD COCONUT DAY : Kerala tries to stop production fall

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REPORT WRITING OF VARIOUS EVENTS HELD IN COLLEGE

1. WELCOME PARTY FOR FRESHERS

Programme in our esteemed educational institution. To organize this programme. We

programme and rules and regulations of the Institution.

SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 19

2. SCREENING OF KAMARAJAR MOVIE

instructional notice from the DharmapuriCollectorate.

program systematically as follows.

offshoot the power cut.

in the morning to 6pm in the evening.

All had appreciated our good work.

SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 20

got it ready the previous day itself.

distributed the same to all with a few snacks.

Thus pongal was celebrated in a grand manner in our college.

SRI VIJAY VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND Page 21

1. Select a speech topic

2. Create a speech outline

3. Write the speech

4. Apply gestures, staging, and vocal variety

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Some Rules of Thumb

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Sample Self Introduction Speech Outline

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Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen,