SAP ALE IDocs interview questions and answers Part 1 ﾧ

ALE IDocs in SAP

ALE IDocs in SAP is a lot about configuration and a lot about Tcodes . So if you have
worked on at least one end to end scenario in ALE IDocs in SAP , you probably already
have answers to a lot of questions.

Cheers!!

But if you haven't , make sure you do this exercise. There are plenty of step by step
guides to ALE IDocs available on the internet . Make sure you read one understand it all
the way . Sending IDoc from client 800 to say client 810 on the same server is easy . If
possible ,Try an exercise in which you send an IDoc from one system to another system.

Lets get started . Hope you get some value in these pages :)

Question 1: What is ALE ?

ALE stands for Application Link Enabling. As it's name indicates , it links two systems.
ALE is a technology that can enable exchange of data between two different Systems
( Sap - Sap OR Sap - Non Sap). ALE technology enables distributed yet integrated
installation of SAP systems.
ALE architecture comprises of 3 layers :

Application layer refers to the application data ( SD , MM , FI or data for any SAP
application ) . In this layer the data is collected to be distributed and then sent to the
distribution layer.

Distribution layer determines to whom should the data generated by the application layer
has to be distributed i.e. it is in the distribution layer that the recipient is determined , the
data is formatted or filtered and then an actual is created.

Communication layer takes the responsibility of delivering the Idoc to the receiving
system and communicates to the receiving system via tRFC , File ports , FTP or TCP/IP
etc.

ALE uses IDoc as a vehicle to transfer data between two systems.

Question 2: What is EDI ?

EDI stands for Electronic Data Interchange. It refers to the electronic exchange of
business data in a structured format between two systems. The EDI subsystem generally
converts the Idoc data into one of the many EDI formats and generates an EDI file in an
X12 format. The middleware then translates the X12 file to an IDOC format and the
IDOC is sent to the SAP system.

Question 3: What is an Idoc? What is IDoc Type? What is an IDoc Extension ?

An IDoc (Intermediate document) is a vehicle that is used to transfer data from one
system to another.
IDoc is not a technology of some sort , but it is just a container that holds data .
It holds data in a structured format i.e. in the Fields of the Segments.

IDoc Type vs. IDoc:

An IDoc Type is nothing but a collection of one or more structures defined in a system
with specific fields. It does not hold Data.
However, an IDoc is something that holds the values in the fields of the structure defined
by IDOC type.

The transaction code to view an IDoc type (Basic and extension) is WE30.
Examples: ORDERS04, DEBMAS04, MATMAS04, CREMAS04.
These are all SAP standard Basic IDoc Types.

You can even have an IDoc extension in which you can use the existing Basic IDoc type
and add extra segments and fields to it. Usually we extend an IDoc when the standard
SAP IDoc type is not able to cater to the business process.

Question 4: What are the types of records in SAP ALE Idocs and where is this
information stored ?
There are three types of records in SAP ALE Idocs:
Control Records: Control record information for an IDoc is stored in standard table
EDIDC.
Data Records: Control record information for an IDoc is stored in standard table
EDIDD.
Status Records: Control record information for an IDoc is stored in standard table
EDIDS.

Question 5: What is an Idoc status? What are the different types of Idoc statuses that you
know ?
When an IDoc is sent from one system to another , it goes through variuos stages.The
IDoc status indicates the stage that the Idoc in currently in.
There about 75 IDoc statuses.There is no way you can remember those all .
Don't even try to ! You will probably remember only those on which you have worked .

But here are a few that you should know:

0-49 indicates an Outbound IDoc and 50-75 as Inbound IDoc.

01 IDoc generated
02 Error passing data to port
03 Data passed to port OK
51 Application document not posted
52 Application document not fully posted
53 Application document posted

Question 6: What is a Port ? What are the types of Ports ?

A port is a communication channel through which Messages can be sent or received in
SAP .
The sender and the receiver both specify the port through which they will communicate.

The common port types are the TRFC Port and the File Port.
If both sender and receiver mention TRFC ports, data is exchanged via RFC connections.
If however , a file port is mentioned , the IDOC is written in a flat file at the specified
location at the sender system.Then a FTP transfer should be done from that location to the
receiver system or a Middleware that will send the file to the receiver system.

The transaction to maintain ports is WE21.

Question 7: What is a Message type and Idoc Type ? What is the difference between
Message type and an IDoc type?
A Message type and an IDoc type are closely related . In fact, you will find that a
Message type is always associated with an IDoc type.Whereas an IDoc type is a detailed
version with all the segments and fields , a Message type is used just to specify the kind
of information that a system can send or receive to or from another system.

So If system SAP1 has a Partner Profile where it specifies MATMAS as an outbound

message type , it just means that SAP1 can send material master data to say system
SAP2.

If system SAP1 has a Partner Profile where it specifies MATMAS as an inbound message
type , it just means that SAP1 can receive material master data from say system SAP2.

What all fields can be sent and received will be specified in the IDoc type.
Some other message types: DEBMAS( Customers), CREMAS(Vendors) belong to the
Master data.

The link between a message Type and an IDoc type is maintained in Tcode WE82.

Question 8: What is a partner profile ? What are the types of partner profiles ?
To be able to communicate with a partner via an IDoc interface, each system needs to
maintain a partner profile. A partner profile is a mechanism by which the system can
specify what kind of messages (message types) it can send or receive.
Partner profiles can be maintained in WE20.

Question 9: What is a distribution model in ALE IDocs ?

The distribution model describes how ALE messages flow between different logical
systems.
You can mention the sender and receiver logical systems, the message type to be
distributed and also distribute data(IDocs) based on certain conditions by using the
distribution model.
The ALE layer uses the distribution model to control which systems will receive the
information(IDocs) and also filter the data based on certain conditions.
Distribution Models can be created and maintained in transaction BD64.

Question 10: What are process codes ?

I don't want to make this post too big . So, I will stop here for the time being.

Question 11: How do you Edit IDoc contents manually?

Question 12: Can you edit IDoc content for successful IDocs ?
No. You cannot.

Question 13: If you send an IDoc say 100008008 from system ECC1 to system ECC2,
will the IDoc number in ECC2 be 100008008?
No. The next number from the IDoc number range in ECC2 will be picked up.

More interview questions on ALE IDocs :

Question 14: How do you read data from an IDoc in a program ?

Question 15: How do you send Idoc from a program ?
Question 16: How do you achieve filtering in a distribution model ?
Question 17: Can I create a flat file from an IDOC ? If Yes , How ?
Question 18: You want to create and send an IDOC to another the moment a PO is
created in your system . How will you achieve this ?
Question 19: How to Reprocess Idocs in SAP?
Question 20: What is a change Pointer?
Question 21: What is serialization of Idocs?
Question 22: Important tcodes in ALE Idocs.
Question 23: Important programs in ALE Idocs: