Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

With the objective of determining the necessary data and the construction of a boiling point

composition diagram for a binary-liquid system, the concentration of acetic acid in percent mole

was determined in five different runs. Each run contains different concentration of acetic acid in

both the vapor and liquid phase as the solution was added with water in increasing runs. This

increase in water per run decreases the concentration both in normality and mole percent of acetic

acid in both the vapor and liquid phase per run.

The following data were determined during the experiment for the distillation of binary

solutions. The binary solution that was used for the experiment was the mixture of water and

acetic acid. The table consists of 5 runs and for each run the students determined the temperature

when 5 mL of distillate was acquired, the volume NaOH used during titration (which was

standardized to 0.9570N of NaOH by titrating and standardizing the solution with KHP) of the

residue (L) and distillate (V), the concentration of HAc in normal for the residue and distillate and

the concentration of HAc in %mol for the residue and distillate.

Table 3.1 Distillation of Binary Liquids Data

Temperature Volume NaOH Concentration of Concentration of

Run No. °C used, ml HAc, N HAc, %mol

L V L V L V

1 106 31.1 36 14.8814 17.226 61.6864 92.3874

2 104 23.15 33.7 11.0773 16.1255 33.5562 75.9963

3 100 22.25 23.7 10.6466 11.3405 31.2958 35.0056

 4 97 17.9 18.5 8.5652 8.8523 25.0340 26.3897

5 96 15.1 13 7.2254 6.2205 17.1994 14.0237

The results shows that during the experiment the students obtained such data and that the

concentration of the residue (Liquid phase) is much lower than that of the distillate (Vapor phase)

in early runs and approaches nearly an equal concentration in the later runs while in the final run

the residue has already a slightly higher concentration than that of the distillate. The distillate we

took from run one has the largest %mol concentration and run 5 has the least amount of %mole of

HAc in both cases of the liquid and vapor phase. This means that distilling furthermore would

yield a pure water substance. Since the data shows that the %mole of the HAc is decreasing as well

as the NaOH used was also decreasing such that they are directly proportional with the

temperature.

%mole HAc vs Temperature 0C

100
90
80
70
%mole HAc

60
50
Vapor
40
30 Liquid
20
10
0
94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108
Temperature 0C

Figure 3.1. %mole HAc (both vapor and liquid) vs Temperature 0C for 5 runs in the experiment
 In the experiment, distillation of binary liquids, it can be seen that the boiling point of the

solution is directly proportional to the concentration of HAc and also directly proportional to its

concentration as % mole. Also, since the process is distillation, the concentration of acetic acid

decreases as the distillation process is repeated. This is because the solution is being continually

diluted as the distillation continues.

The next thing that can be observed is the boiling point composition curve of acetic acid

and water. It can be seen that when plotted the graph follows the positive azeotrope. This means

that the distillate has a closer composition as the azeotrope than the acetic acid.