Multivariable Functions PDF

Math102E Functions of Several Variables 1
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
xy
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x6 + y 2
x4 − 4y 2
b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2
xy
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y2
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√ √
x−y+2 x−2 y
a) lim √ √
(x,y)→(0,0) x− y
x−1
b) lim
(x,y)→(1,2) (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2
x3 y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x6 + y 3

x3 y x2
a) lim √ +
(x,y)→(0,1) (x2 + y 2 ) y − x2 + 1 x2 + (y − 1)2
x3 y x2
b) lim √ +
(x,y)→(0,0) (x2 + y 2 ) y − x2 + 1 x2 + (y − 1)2
x4 y 2
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 y 3 + y 4 + x8

xy
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) xy + x − y
√ q
x− y+1
b) lim
(x,y)→(4,3) x−y−1
π

2 2
cos x +
c) lim 2 y5
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + 3y 4

(x + y + 2)2
a) lim
(x,y)→(2,−4) x2 + y 2 − 4x + 8y + 20
(sin x2 )(cos y 4 ) + (sin y 4 )(cos x2 )

b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 4
2 2
ex +y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 19x2 + y 2

x y2
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) (x2 + y 2 )3/2
|x| + |y|

b) lim tan−1
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
(x − 1)(y 2 − 1)
c) lim
(x,y)→(1,−1) arcsin(y + 1)

sin(xy)
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,1) x
y 6 sin x2
b) lim −
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + 3y 4
x2 + sin y
c) lim −
(x,y)→(0,0) 2x2 + y 2

x2
a) lim q
(x,y)→(0,0)
x4 + y 2
(xy − y) cos y
b) lim
(x,y)→(1,0) (x − 1)2 + y 2
xy cos y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 3x2 + y 2

x4 − y 2
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
y 3 cos3 x
b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2
2y 3 arctan(xy)
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2


 x2 y 2

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
Let f (x, y) =  x6 + y 2 . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (0, 0) .
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)


Define f (0, 0) such that the function f (x, y) = tan x is continuous at (0, 0) .
2x(y + 1)


(x − 1)y 2
(x, y) 6= (1, 0)


x − 2x + y 2 + 1
2

Let f (x, y) =  . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (1, 0) .
0 (x, y) = (1, 0)


4 4
Define f (0, 0) such that f (x, y) = x4 sin y4 is continuous at (0, 0) .
x + 4y

2 2
Define f (0, 1) such that f (x, y) = x (y − 1) x 2− 2y2 + 4y − 2 is continuous at (0, 1) .
x + y − 2y + 1

(x3 + y 3 ) sin(x2 + y 2 )
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)


(x + y)(x2 + y 2 )

Let f (x, y) = . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at

−1 (x, y) = (0, 0)


(0, 0) .

Determine if the following functions are continuous at (0, 0) .

x3

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x2 + xy − y

a) f (x, y) =

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)

x3 sin y

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
y(x2 + 3y 2 )

b) f (x, y) = 
1 (x, y) = (0, 0)



ey sin x

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x + y2

a) f (x, y) = 

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
y2x

 sin (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x2 + y 4

b) f (x, y) =

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)



x2 y 3

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
2x2 + y 2

a) f (x, y) =

1 (x, y) = (0, 0)

2x2 y

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x4 + y 2

b) f (x, y) = 
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)



sin (x y)

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x2 + y 2

a) f (x, y) =

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)

 xy tan (x2 + y 2 ) (x, y) 6= (0, 0)

(y 2 + x2 )2


b) f (x, y) = 
 3 (x, y) = (0, 0)
2

x−2


 q (x, y) 6= (2, 0)
Let f (x, y) = (x − 2)2 + y 2 . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (2, 0) .


1 (x, y) = (2, 0)
x2 yey

 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x4 + 4y 2

Let f (x, y) = . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (0, 0) .

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

f (x, y) = logy x , fx = ? , fy = ?
f (x, y) = cos2 (3x − y 2 ) , fx = ? , fy = ?
w = arcsin(x + yz) , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?
w = yz ln(xy) , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?

f (x, y) = xy , fx = ? , fy = ?
Z 1
f (x, y) = cos(1 − t + t2 ) dt , fx = ? , fy = ?
xy 2
Z x
f (x, y) = sin(1 − t) dt , fx = ? , fy = ?
y2
y
w = x arctan , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?
z

Use the limit definition of partial derivative to compute the following partial derivatives of the
given functions.
√
a) f (x, y) = 2x + 3y − 1 , fy = ?

sin(x5 + 3y 2 )
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)


x4 + y 2

b) f (x, y) = , fx (0, 0) = ?

0 (x, y) = (0, 0)



Show that each of the following functions satisfies a Laplace equation.

y
a) f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ) + arctan
x
b) f (x, y, z) = e3x+4y cos 5z
y x
Show that xfx + yfy = 0 for f (x, y) = ey/x sin + ex/y cos .
x y

dw
w = 2yex − lnz , x = ln(t2 + 1) , y = arctan t , z = et ⇒ Find at t = 1.
dt
x ∂z ∂z
z = arctan , x = u cos v , y = u sin v ⇒ Find and at (u, v) = (1.3, π/6).
y ∂u ∂v

w = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) , x = uev sin u , y = uev cos u , z = uev

∂w ∂w
Find and at (u, v) = (−2, 0).
∂u ∂v
u = eqr arcsin p , p = sin x , q = z 2 ln y , r = 1/z

∂u ∂u ∂u
Find , and at (x, y, z) = (π/4, 1/2, −1/2).
∂x ∂y ∂z

Suppose that we substitute polar coordinates x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ in a differentiable

function w = f (x, y) .
∂w 1 ∂w
a) Show that = fx cos θ + fy sin θ and = −fx sin θ + fy cos θ .
∂r r ∂θ
b) Show that (fx )2 + (fy )2 = (wr )2 + 12 (wθ )2 .

r

If f (u, v, w) is differentiable and u = x − y , v = y − z , w = z − x , show that fx + fy + fz = 0 .
Show that if w = f (u, v) satisfies the Laplace equation fuu + fvv = 0 and if u = (x2 − y 2 )/2
and v = xy , then w satisfies the Laplace equation wxx + wyy = 0 .

Let z = f ( cos(x − y) ) be a differentiable function. Show that zxx + 2zxy + zyy = 0 .

Show that the function w = f xy satisfies the equation x ∂w ∂w
x2 + y 2 ∂x + y ∂y = 0 .

xy y z xy

Let u = ln x + x φ , be a differentiable function. Show that x ux + y uy + z uz = u + .
z x x z
1 1 z
Let φ be a differentiable function and z = y φ(x2 − y 2 ). Show that zx + zy = 2 .
x y y

∂x
Find at (1, −1, −3) if the equation xz + y ln x − x2 + 4 = 0 defines x as a function of the two
∂z
independent variables y and z .
∂x
Find if the equation exy + sin(xz) + 1 = 0 defines x as a function of the two independent
∂z
variables y and z .
∂x
Find at (0, 1, 1) if the equation z 2 = ex yz − 3x2 y ln z defines x as a function of the two
∂y
independent variables y and z .

Find the directional derivative of the following functions at the indicated point and in the given
direction.
~ = ~i − ~j + ~k
a) f (x, y, z) = ln(x + 2y + 2z) , P0 (1, −1, 1) in the direction of A
b) f (x, y, z) = z tan−1 yz , P0 (1, 2, −2) , in the direction of the negative z−axis
c) f (x, y, z) = cos(xy) + eyz + ln(xz) , P0 (1, 0, 1/2) , in the direction of the line given by the
parametric equations x = 2 + t , y = −2t , z = 2t − 1, −∞ < t < ∞

Find the derivative of f (x, y, z) = 3x2 yz + 2yz 2 at P0 (1, 1, 1) in the direction normal at P0 to the
surface x2 − y + z 2 = 1 .
Let F (x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 −z . Find the directional derivative of F (x, y, z) at the point P0 (1, 1, −1)
√ √
in the direction of the unit tangent vector of the curve ~r = t~i + t ~j − 14 (t + 3) ~k at t = 1 .

In what direction is the derivative of f (x, y) = xy + x2 at P0 (2, 3) equal to 0 ?
Is there any direction ~u in which the rate of change of f (x, y) = x2 − 3xy + 4y 2 at P0 (1, 2)
equals 14?
What is the largest value that the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = xyz can have at the
point P0 (1, 1, 1) ?

Let f (x, y) = (1 + x2 + 5y 2 )−1 . Determine the directions at the point Q(3, 0) in which the rate
of change of f is the largest and the smallest.
2
Find the largest possible value of the directional derivative of the function f (x, y, z) = yzexy+2z
at the point P0 (2, −1, 1).
The derivative of a differentiable function f (x, y) at a point P in the direction of < 1, 1 > is 2
3
and in the direction < 3, −4 > is − √ . Find the derivative of f at P in the direction of < 7, −1 >.
2

The directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = z c tan−1 (x + y) at the point P0 (0, 0, 4) in the direction
of ~u = ~i + ~j is 2. Find the real number c.
~ =< 3, −4 > . Find c if

Let f (x, y) = cyexy + (x + 1)2 cos(πy) where c is a real constant and A
~ is 2.
the directional derivative of f at (0, 1) in the direction of A
x
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = at P0 (1, 1, 0) in the direction for which
y+z
g(x, y, z) = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) increases most rapidly at P0 .

Find the equations for the tangent plane and the normal line to the following surfaces at the
indicated point.
a) z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , (1, 2, 4)
b) yz = 1 − x3 , (−1, 2, 1)
√
c) 2x2 + 3y 2 + sin z = 1 , (1/ 2, 0, π)

Let f (x, y) = xy 2 + x3 − y.
a) Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface z = f (x, y) at (1, 2, 3) .
b) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve f (x, y) = 3 at (1, 2) .
Find the parametric equations of the line normal to the surface z = x2 +3y 2 at the point (1, −1, 4) .
Find the coordinates of all intersection points of this line with this surface.

Find the parametric equations of the line tangent to the curve of intersection of the surfaces
z = x2 + 3y 2 and z = 6 − x2 − y 2 at the point (1, −1, 4) .
Find the parametric equations of the line tangent to the curve of intersection of the surfaces
√
z = 25 − 9y 2 and z = 3y + exy at the point (0, 1, 4) .

Find the points on the surface xy + yz + zx − x − z 2 = 0 where the tangent plane is parallel to
xy−plane.
2 +y 2 )/2
Find the points where the surface z = x y e−(x has horizontal tangent planes.

Consider the function f (x, y, z) = x3 z + ln(x2 + y 2 ) + cz 2 where c is a constant. Find the values
of c if the tangent plane to the level surface f (x, y, z) = f (1, −1, 2) at the point P0 (1, −1, 2) passes
through the origin.
Find the points on the paraboloid z = 4x2 + 9y 2 at which the normal line is parallel to the line
through P (−2, 4, 3) and Q(5, −1, 2).

Show that the tangent plane of the surface 1 − x3 − yz = 0 at the point (−1, 2, 1) is parallel to
the plane 6x + 2y + 4z = 5 .
Find the points P0 on the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 such that the tangent plane to the paraboloid
at P0 passes through the points (1, 0, 0) and (0, 2, 0) .

Find the cosine of the acute angle between the tangent planes to the paraboloid 2z = x2 + y 2 at
the points of intersection of the paraboloid and the line x = t, y = −t, z = t + 2, −∞ < t < ∞ .
Find the distance from the point (2, 0, 3) to the tangent plane of the surface 4x2 − y 2 + 4z 2 = 4
at the point (1, 2, 1).

Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle points ,if any, of f (x, y) = (x−1)(y+1)(x+y−3) .
Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle points ,if any, of f (x, y) = x3 +y 3 +3x2 −3y 2 −8 .

Let f (x, y) = x2 + 2xy + 3y 2 .

a) Find and classify the critical points of f .
b) Find the extreme values of f on the triangular region R with vertices at (−1, 1) , (2, 1) , (−1, −2).

Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = 2 + 2x + 2y − x2 − y 2 on the

triangular plate in the first quadrant bounded by the lines x = 0 , y = 0 , y = 9 − x .

Let f (x, y) = 6xy − 2x3 + 3x2 + 3y 2 − 6y − 10 .

b) Find the extreme values of f on the region D = {(x, y) | x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0 , y ≤ −x + 2} .

Find the absolute extreme values of f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 + 6xy + 8 on the rectangular region
R bounded by the lines y = x + 2, y = x − 2, x + y = 1 and x + y = −2.

Consider f (x, y) = x2 − 2x cos y on the unbounded region 0 ≤ y ≤ π.

b) Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function f (x, y) on the bounded region
R = {(x, y) | − 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ π} .

Let f (x, y) = x2 y + x2 + y 2 − xy − x .
b) Find the absolute maximum and minimum of f on the closed region R bounded below by
y = −x2 , above by y = 0 and on the right by x = 1 .

Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = 2y 3 + 2x2 y − x2 − y on the closed
region D = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 } .

Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of the function f (x, y) = 2xy on the region
D = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 4 } .

y3
Let f (x, y) = x2 y + −y+1.
6
b) Find the extreme values of f on the ellipse 4x2 + y 2 = 4 .

Find the maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 + 1 subject to the constraint
x2 + y 2 − 2x = 4y by using the method of Lagrange multipliers.

Find the points on the curve 5x2 + 6xy + 5y 2 = 9 which are nearest to and farthest from the
origin.

Let f (x, y, z) = x − y + 2z .
a) Find the absolute maximum value of f subject to x2 + y 2 + 16z 2 = 16.
b) Find the minimum distance from f = 16 to the point (1, 1, −1) .

Find the points on the surface z 2 − xy = 4 closest to the origin.

Find point on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 closest to the point (1, 2, 2) by using the method of
Lagrange multipliers.

Find the points on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 25 where f (x, y, z) = x + 2y + 3z has its maximum
and minimum values.

Among all the points on the graph of z = 10 − x2 − y 2 that lie above the plane x + 2y + 3z = 0
find the point farthest from the plane.

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Math102E Functions of Several Variables 1

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

(sin x2 )(cos y 4 ) + (sin y 4 )(cos x2 )

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Determine if the following functions are continuous at (0, 0) .

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Determine if the following functions are continuous at (0, 0) .

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Determine if the following functions are continuous at (0, 0) .

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Determine if the following functions are continuous at (0, 0) .

 xy tan (x2 + y 2 ) (x, y) 6= (0, 0)

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

f (x, y) = cos2 (3x − y 2 ) , fx = ? , fy = ?

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Show that each of the following functions satisfies a Laplace equation.

b) f (x, y, z) = e3x+4y cos 5z

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

w = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) , x = uev sin u , y = uev cos u , z = uev

u = eqr arcsin p , p = sin x , q = z 2 ln y , r = 1/z

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Suppose that we substitute polar coordinates x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ in a differentiable

b) Show that (fx )2 + (fy )2 = (wr )2 + 12 (wθ )2 .

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

If f (u, v, w) is differentiable and u = x − y , v = y − z , w = z − x , show that fx + fy + fz = 0 .

prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Let z = f ( cos(x − y) ) be a differentiable function. Show that zxx + 2zxy + zyy = 0 .

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

b) f (x, y, z) = z tan−1 yz , P0 (1, 2, −2) , in the direction of the negative z−axis

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

In what direction is the derivative of f (x, y) = xy + x2 at P0 (2, 3) equal to 0 ?

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

~ =< 3, −4 > . Find c if

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Let f (x, y) = x2 + 2xy + 3y 2 .

2016 Spring prepared by Aye Peker Dobie

Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = 2 + 2x + 2y − x2 − y 2 on the