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  • Griffiths.-Electrodynamics 3ed. - Solutions Manual

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    Luciani Ruiz Ojeras
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    756 vizualizări253 pagini

    Griffiths.-Electrodynamics 3ed. - Solutions Manual

    Încărcat de

    Luciani Ruiz Ojeras
    solucionario

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL INTRODUCTION to ELECTRODYNAMICS Third Edition David J. Griffiths Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Vector Analysis Electrostatics Special Techniques Electrostatic Fields in Matter Magnetostatics Magnetostatic Fields in Matter Electrodynamics Conservation Laws Electromagnetic Waves Potentials and Fields Radiation Electrodynamics and Relativity 157 179 195 219 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis roblem 1.1 (a) From the diagram, |B + C| cos; = |B| cos; + |C|cosé2. Multiply by |A|. |AIIB + C| cos 4s = |A||B|cos6; + |Al|C|cos6s. So: A.(B + C) = A-B+A-C. (Dot product is distributive.) Similarly: |B + C|sin 85 = [B|sin 8; + |C|sin8. Mulitply by ||. |AIIB + C]sin@s fi = |Al[B[sin#; A+ |Al|C|sin@, a. If fis the unit vector pointing out of the page, it follows that, Ax(B-+C) = (AxB) + (AXC). (Cross product is distributive.) TBleoses [Cleoobs (b) For the general case, see G. B. Hay’s Vector and Tensor Analysis, Chapter 1, Section 7 (dot product) and Section 8 (cross product). Problem 1.2 [Cin os ‘The triple cross-product is not in general associative. For example, suppose A = B and C is perpendicular to A, as in the diagram. ‘Then (BxC) points out-of-the-page, and Ax(BxC) points doun, and has magnitude ABC. But (AxB) = 0, so (AXB)xC = 0 ¢ i Ax(BxC). BxC yAx(BxC) Problem 1.3 a As +1k+19—1% A= V3, B=1R+19 +14 B cos8 = V3V3c0s8 = cos Problem 1.4 "The cross-product of any two vectors in the plane will give a vector perpendicular to the plane. For example, we might pick the base (A) and the left side (B): A= 18429408; B=-18+09 432. 2 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS ga AxB=]-1 20 -103 This has the right direction, but the wrong magnitude. To make a unit vector out of it, simply divide by its length: OX439 +22. |AxB| = V56F O74 fetish Problem 1.5 & y a Ax(BxC) Ae Ay A (By, — ByCy) (BsCz—-BzCz) (BsCy — ByCz) 8[Ay(BeCy — ByCz) — Az(B:Cz — BsC:)] + 9() + 2() (UM just check the x-component; the others go the same way.) R(AyBrCy ~ AyByCy — A,B,Oz + AzBzC,) + 9() + 2(). BUA-C) ~ C(A-B) = [Be(AzCe + AyCy + ACs) — On(AcBe + AyBy + AzB,)]R+()9 + (08 3(4yBsCy + AvBsC, ~ AyByCz ~ AzB:Cz) + 9() + 2(). They agree. Problem 1.6 Ax(BXxC)+Bx (Cx A)+Cx(A xB) = B(A-C)-C(A-B)+C(A-B)—A(C-B)+A(B-C)—B(C-A) So: Ax (BXxC) ~ (AxB)x€C = —Bx (Cx) = A(B-C) - C(A'B). If this is zero, then either A is parallel to C (including the case in which they point in opposite directions, or one is zero), or else B-C = B-A = 0, in which case B is perpendicular to A and C (including the case B = 0). Conclusion: [A x(BXC) = (AXB)xC <= either A is parallel to C, or B is perpendicular to A and C. Problem 1.7 AR 469 +82) — (28489472) = [PR-2H 4B Problem 1.8 {a) AyBy + ds B, = (cosy + sin 6A,)(c0s bBy + sin Bz) + (~ sin ¢Ay + cos 44,)(—sin 6B, + cos dB.) = cos? bAyBy + sin $008 ¢(Ay Be + AzBy) + sin? A,B, + sin? 6A, By — sin cos ¢(AyBs + AzBy) + cos? AsBe = (cos* @ + sin? g) Ay By + (sin? @ + cos? $) A, By = AyBy + AsBy. V (b) Aa)? + (Ay)? + As)? = Shy AAs = Der (Wer RipAy) (Bhy RAs) = Bye (URey Rat) Ay Ar ; ; Li This equals A? +A? + A? provided| 82_,Ry Rae = { of Vat } Moreover, if R is to preserve lengths for all vectors A, then this condition is not only sufficient but also necessary. For suppose A = (1,0,0). Then Sy (Us Ray Rie) Ay Ax = By Ry, Rn, and this must equal 1 (since we want A,+A,+Ay = 1). Likewise, D2, RyoPis = Ei, Ragas = 1. To check the case j # k, choose A = (1,1,0). Dya (Es RypRen) Ape = 3, Ra Ra + By Rae +3 Ru Ra +3, RgRu. But we already know that the first two sums are both 1; the third and fourth are equal, s0 3 Ru Riz = 3, RR, =0, and so on for other unequal combinations of j, k. V_In matrix notation: RR = 1, where R is the transpose of R. Problem 1.9 y “ty -2 Looking down the axis: we 2 “i 5 ‘A 120? rotation carries the 2 axis into the y (= Z) axis, y into x (=), and 2 into z (=). So As = Ay = As, Ae = A, oo1)\] r=(100 o10 Problem 1.10 (a) [No change] Ae Aas Ay = Ay 2 (b) [A> =A] the sense (Ae = —Az, Ay = ly» Az = —Az) (© (AxB) — (-A)x(-B) = (AxB). That is, if C = AxB, [C —) GC]. No minus sign, in contrast to behavior of an “ordinary” vector, as given by (b). If A and B are pseudovectors, then (AXB) —+ (A) x(B) = (AxB). So the cross-product of two pseudovectors is again a pseudovector. In the cross-product of a vector and a pseudovector, one changes sign, the other doesn’t, and therefore the cross-product is itself a vector. Angular momentum (L = rxp) and torque (N = rxF) are pseudovectors. (a) A(Bx@) — (-A)((-B)x(—C)) = -A(BX©). So, ifa = A(BXC), then changes sgn under inversion of coordinates. Problem 1.11 (AVF = 2WwK+ By? 9 + 4252 a pseudoscalar (OVS = 2aytt 4 Barytehy + 428g a OVE # sinyln 2&-+ €* cosy ln z¥ +e? siny(1/2)% Problem 1.12 (@) Vi = 10[(2y ~ 6x ~ 18) + (22 ~ By + 28) 97]. Vh =0 at summit, 60 0 Oo get-sauca PIE M88 2r — By +28 22y = 66 => y = 3 =p 2e- 2442809 = ‘Top is [3 miles north, 2 miles west, of South Hadley. (b) Putting in 2 = -2, y =3: f= 10(—12— 12-36 +36 + 84412) = [720 Re (6) Putting in 2 = 1, y =1: Vh = 10[(2 ~ 6 — 18) & + (2~ 8 + 28) 9] = 10(—22% + 22.9) = 220(- +9) [Vh| = 220V3 «(311 fe/mile} direction: [northwest. 4 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS. Problem 1.13 a= (e-2)8+W-V)94(2-2)% o= VE-2P FU -VP Fe (2) Ve?) = Ble— 2")? + yy + (2— 2718+ HOT+ HOH = 2e—2) 4 Ay—y")I +222 = 20 (0) VR) = £lle- 27 + v—vP + e204 BON + BOBS = -}0-92@- 2) - }0-}y-y!) ae - 22 = ON] 2+ VT (~ 28] = (1 = —(1/ 9. (© £0") =n = nahh 90,) = nae, 90[ VR) = nah Problem 1.14 +y coop +2 sing; multiply by sing: Jsing = 4y sing cos +2 sin? g =v sind + 2 cos 4; multiply by 008: ~y sin pcos b+ 2 008? 6. Add: Jsing + Zco0s¢ = 2(sin® 9 + cos? ¢) = 2. Likewise, Joos} — Zsing = y. So 8 = cos; 9 = —sing; 9 = sing; 34 = cosg. Therefore Fos AV fy + sin AV). —sin (WV fly + c08 (VF) } So Vf transforms as a vector. ged Problem 1.15 ()V-va = E@) + HGx2") + R222) = 2240-22 = 0. (V-v = Alay) + £Ov2) + LGze) =y + 22 +32. (QV -ve = Kv?) + Key + 2”) + F(2y2) = 0+ (22) + (2y) = Ac + y). Problem 1.16 Vv= £(S)+R(S4R(4) HK [et (2? +9? +248] $+ 2(-3/2)0-bae + 078 + ¥(- 3/0" by +0) = 8r-8(a? + y? + 22) = Br $ ‘This conclusion is surprising, because, from the —— this vector field is obviously diverging away from the origin. How, then, can V-v = 0? The answer is that V-v = 0 everywhere except at the origin, but at the origin our calculation is no good, since r = 0, and the expression for v blows up. In fact, V-v is infinite at [veer + vt + aty-F] +g [ate? +0? + 27)°3] 44 2(-3/2))7 422 jy = cos buy + sin dvs; Us SE = Gp cosd + Sy sin (Gr cos 6+ $e sind) cose + ($+ cond + Se sin) sin =. sin d+ 9 cos = — (S598 + BB) sing + (52 8 + BSB) cos =~ (-B sing + Be coed) sing + (~B ning + $e cond) co. So He 4 Me = M4 cost d + M8 sin deos.d + Se singcong + Be sin? + Ste sin? 4 — Se sin grcos ind. Use result in Prob. 1.14: — 9 singcosd + Be cos? = Sit (cos? ¢ + sin? 9) + 9 (sin? 6 + cos? #) = Gp + Gee ¥ Problem 1.18 2 (0) Vxve = (0 — 6x2) + 9(0 + 22) +.2(32" ~ 0) =[—GzzR + 229 +3272. (0 — 2y) + 9(0 — 32) + 2(0— 2) = [-2yR— 327-22. (22 — 22) + 9(0- 0) + 2(2y — 2y) = [B fo i (2ay + 27) (9) Vxve rs 2 (0) Vxv = | z ny % 2 3 y Problem 1.19 va yR+29j or v= yzk-taz9 + ayh; or v = (3x22 — 2) R+3H + (2? — Bee”) a or v = (sin z)(cosh y) & — (cosz)(sinh y) $; etc. Broblem 1.20 ©) Vio) = Bede + Mad y + Yea = (22+ ofl) 2+ (s98 +996) 9 + (198 + 0%) 2 =S(Bx+ I+ Ma) +9 (xs H+ Ha) = 10) +N. acd (iv) V-(AXB) = 2 (AyB, — AvBy) + & (AsBz — AzBz) + $ (AzBy — AyBr) = Ay ORs + Bote — A, 28s — By Ws + A, Be + BM — Ag BBs — BL Oe As Pe + B, x ~ Ayes ~ Bae Ba (hp — Sr) + By (Me — Ss) + Be (BE ~ Be) — Ae (4 - Bt) —Ay (BBs ~ 9B) ~ A, (Bt — Be) = B.(VxA) - As(V XB) qed (0) Vx (FA) = (fsa ~ 2G fad) w+ (fad — Sifted) 9 4 (Mipted — Apfel) g = (Fe + Aah ~ 98 ~ Ay) + (s8f + AaGl — 19 - Aad) + (s%fe + Ay BE - 19h — Ang) 2 = 5 [( Se) e+ Oe — 9+ (Be He) a] — [(AvBE— AsSE) 8+ (Ar BE - 4eGE) 9+ (4096 - ABE) 8] =S(VXA)—AXx (VS). ged Problem 1.2 (a) (AV) (Acts + Ay Me + Aad) + (Aa SEs + Ay Be + Aa SP) + (eSBs + Aye + ASR) a. = SRE, Let's jun do the # component (eh t0h +28) oe 6 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS = {2 [+ 2-BApe2e] + v2 [-bbye2a] + 22 [-4 Ape] } HE- AG +e tee)}=2(F- Bet +e )} = EER Same goes for the other components. Hence: [(F-V) * = 0 (0) (var¥) ve = (29 + Sea? f — 2ez fh) (cy R+ 2yzV + 3222) = 27 (yX +09 + 328) + 3x2? (2k + 22H +02) — nz (OK + 2H + 328) = (wy +3222?) 8+ (G24 — dayz) $+ (322 622) 2 i) [V(AB)], = F(AsBs + AyBy + AsBe) = Se Be + AaB + eB, + Ay Ge + Bab, + ABB [Ax(VxB)], sey — A.(VxB), Se 8 [Bx(VxA)], SB — Mn) — B, (Bx — Be) [(A-¥)B], (48 CE TABI = he athe + A,B (B-V)A], = Boe + 3, She + BoA So [Ax(VXB) + Bx(VxA) + (A-V)B + (B-V)Al, = Ay 3pe — Ay Bs — A, 8Bs + A, Bs + By Me — By Ma — Bs + BOs +A, Bs + Ay Be + ABs + Bs Be + By Be + BeBe = Bie + Aloe + B, (Se — hee) a ~ fe He) +B, (~2f + 9h + Me) + A,(— 9p + 9B + Oe) = [V(A-B}], (same for y and 2) (vi) [Vx(AxB)],, HlAxB). — F(AXB)y = §(AeBy ~ AyBz) ~ #(ArBe ~ Az Be) Shen, + Atha — 28a, — Ay Be ~ Aa, — As PBe + eB. + Ae MBs [(B-V)A - (A-V)B + (VB) — 2IV. “Ade Be Sf + By 9a + By Ms — A, Pa — Ay Be — A, Gs + Ay (Sfe + Ge + Be) — B (Spe + Sta + SA) = By She + Ae (Me fe 4 9B 4 BBs) + Be Bf — Hf 2A — Pa + Ay (882) + As (—e) + Bs (Ar) =[Vx(AxB)], (same for y and 2) Problem 1.23 Vis/9) = RU) x+ Esl) 9+ Rs/2 of set gy THE Ut fo (ges-+ 9 + Sa) — 5 (Ses + Seo + B42) = aE V-(A/9) = Bite 10) + SAvl9) + BelAs/) is — Aa ae 8s Aol 3 fo (Gte + Met Me) — (4cbe + Ay 4 A.Bs)] = ALAGA, ged i: [oe — )~ (4.8 48)] = MUKA HAXVe (game for y and z). ged [Vx(A/g)]e saa — B(Av/9) awe’ Problem 1.24 ae 5 8 dy Bz y —2e 0 (@) AxB = = 2(G22) +.9(02y) + 2(-22? ~ 692) V{AXB) = £(6e2) + $(Ozy) + £(-22" - 6p") = 62 +92 +0 = 152 VxA = 8 ($5 (82) ~ $20) +9 (H©) ~ HG) +2 (KOv)— H(2)) =0; BAVA) =0 VxB = 8(2(0)— £(-20)) +9 (Lu) - AO) +2(Z(-2z) — £66s)) = 5% ACVB) = 152 V-(AxB) 2 B.(Vx A) — A-(VxB) = 0 — (—152) = 152. ¥ (b) A-B = Szy ~ day = —2y ; V(A-B) = V(—ay) = 8 (—2y) + 7H (-sy) = -yR-2F zo % Ax(VxB)=| 2 2y 32 | =&(—10y) +9(52); Bx(VxA) =0 00 -5 (A-V)B = (29 + vg +3282) (Buk — 229) = K(6y) + 9(-22) (B-V)A = (3% = 2p) (a@&+ 29 + 322) = X(3y) + 9(—42) AX(VXB) + Bx(VXA) + (A‘V)B-+ (BVA lly & + Sa ¥ + Gy% — 2H + ByX — Ae} = -yR—2P = V-(A-B). Vv (6) Vx(AxB) = & (J (22? ~ 6y?) ~ (020) +9 ($(Cxz) ~ Z(-22* ~ 6y*)) +2 (P(Oxy) - £ (622) -12y — Sy) + 9(6x + 4x) + 2(0) = —2ly + 102g &e) + Fv) + FGx) =14+24+3=6; VB= L(y) + £(-22) =0 (B-V)A ~ (A-V)B + A(V-B) ~ B(V-A) = By — 429 — Gy + 225 — 18yK 4 122H = —2yR+ Oey = Vx(AxB). ¥ Problem 1.25 v. (0) Ge = 2; Fe = 5% =0 [VT Viv = 2% + G29. 8 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.26 VV xv) = & (He - Ft) +h (Ge - Se) +B (St - Fe) = (255 - Bis) + (Se — Ba) + (See - Spe) =o. by equality ofcroderivatves. &(-20) + H(-32) + F(-2) = 0.4 yk- 327-22 + VAY Xv From Prob. 1.18: VV» Problem 127 53 2 " wx(We) =| ae ae | = Robbe ~ aba) +9 aE — ahs) + 80g ~ ads g Be by be = 0, by equality of cross-derivatives. In Prob. 1.11(b), VF = 2ey8et& + 32°yP24 9 4+ 42%y82? 8, 20 x y a VX(V=| Om aeyiet Satytet datytet = R(B- dr? y?z5 — 4- 307y?24) + 9(4- BzyS28 ~2- dayS2*) + 2(2- Bay?24 — 3 Qzy?z4) = 0. V Problem 1.28 (@) (0,0,0) —+ (1,0,0). 2:04 1,y vedi = fiz? de = (2°/3)\} = 1/3. (1,0,0) —> (1,1,0). s fvedl=0. (1,0) 9 (1,0). svedl = y8dz = do; fv-dl Total: fv -dl= (1/3) +041 (b) (0,0,0) —+ (0,0,1). 2 =y = 0,220 1jdl=deav- dl fv-d=o. (0,0,1) —+ (0,1,1). 2 = 0,y 20-9 1,2 = yd = dy $yv-dl = 2yzdy = By dy; f v-dl = 3 2ydy = yh (0,11) 9 (1,1). 2:09 Ly =z = bl = dexv-dl= 2? dz; fv-dl= fp 2? de = (29/3) = 1/3. Total: fv-dl=0+14 (1/3) =[4/3. (0) t= y= 2:04 lids = dy = dziv-dl =o? de + 2yz dy + y? dz = 2" de + 227 dz + 22 de = 40*de; Sve dls ff 4c" dz = (42°/3))3 = [473.] (@ §v-a= (4/3) - (4/3) = Problem 1.29 ay 10 > Lz = O;da = dedyij;v-da = y(2? ~ 3)dedy = —3ydedy;fv-da = -3f2 dz eydy = ~3(218) (G1) = -3(2)(2) = [22.] In Ex. 1.7 we got 20, for the same boundary line (the square in the zy- plane), so the answer is [16:] the surface integral does not depend only on the boundary line. The total flux for the cube is 20 + 12 = [32.] Problem JT dr = [ 2 dzdy dz. You can do the integrals in any order—here it is simplest to save z for last: 2 ff Ya)al« ‘The sloping surface is 2+-y-+z= 1, so the x integral is [(°~""”) dz = 1—-y—z. For a given 2, y ranges from 0 to 1—2, so the y integral is f{°-")(1—y—z) dy = [(1—z)y—(y?/2)I$- = (1-2)? - (1 2)?/2] = (1 2)?/2= (1/2)~ = + (22/2). Finally, the = integral is {2 2%(b 2+ 8)ae = (3-284 )ae = (8-449 1/60. Problem 1.31 T(b) =14442=7; Ta) =0. =[FO)-Te) UT = (22 + Ay)R-+ (4a + 229)9 + (Gy2")8) VT-dl (20 + dy)de + (42 + 20°)dy + (Gyz")de dy = de = 0. [VT ual = f2(22) de = 0, dz 0. fVT-dl = fp (4) dy SVT-dl = f} (62?) dz |. [VT -dl = f} (0) dz =0. 1, de = dz =0.[VTedl = f2(2) dy » dy = dz =0. [VT = f} (22 +4) de +4=5, (a) Segment 1: 2:0-91, y Segment 2: a1 Segment 3: 2:01, 225|) (b) Segment 1: 2:01, Segment 2: y:0-¥1, Segment 3: 2:01, = (2? +42)|, = 2015 SP VT =7.0 (©) 2:041, y=2, 2=2?, dy =drdz=2ndr. VIudl = (22 + 4a)de + (4 + 22°)de + (6x2")2x de = (10 + 142°)dx. SLUT dt = JP (102 + 1428)de = (5a? + 20") =542=7.0 Problem 1.32 Vv sy t22+30 Sevvjar = fly +224 8x) drdyde = [f {ely +224 3x) de} dyde SP [yt 222 + $27]? = 2(y 4.22) +6 S{Bey+42+6)dy} ae SD lv? + Get Oy]§ = 4 + 2042 + 6) =82 +16 = flee 16) Numbering the surfaces as in Fig. 1.20: (i) da = dy dz, (42? + 162)fp = 16 +32 = [48 dzdedz. [veda = [J4zdedz = 16. = -drdz9,y =0. veda =0. fveda = 0. (v) da = drdy3,2 =2. vida = Gr dr dy. fv-da = 24 (vi) da = ~dr dy’, 2 =0. veda =0. [veda > veda =8+16+24 = 48 V Problem 1.33 Vxv = &(0 —2y) +9(0— 32) + 2(0—2) = -2yk- 329-22. da = dy dz, if we agree that the path integral shall run counterclockwise. So (Vxv)-da = —2y dy dz. 10 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Se xv)eda = f{ 0" (-2u)ay} dz e Sv =-e-2" , = ~ {24-424 2%)dz gz — 22? + ah = ~(8-8+8)=[-# Meanwhile, v-dl = (sy)dx + (2yz)dy + (3e)dz. There are three segments. . 7! =0; de=de=0.y:0-42. fudl=0. ; r= 2—y; do = 0, de = dy, y 1240. ved = Yyzdy. JP 2u(2— v)dy = ~ fo (Ay ~ 2y2)ay = ~ (2y? d= “+0. vedl=0. fred Problem 1.34 By Corollary 1, f(Vxv)-da should equal 4. Vxv = (42? — 22)% +228. (i) da = dydz%, 2 =1; 2:01. (Vxv)-da = (42? — 2)dydz; f(Vxv)da = fj (42" — 2)dz (iv) da = -dede, () das dedy2, 221; 20-41. (Vxv)eda = Dd dy, [C0 xv}da 2, 3 UV xv)-da = -F +2 Problem 1.35 (a) Use the product rule Vx (fA) = f(WxA)—Ax (Vf): [fovxa)-da= [vxa)-das [fax (vp}-de= f tad [Ia x0) aa, aed. (Lused Stokes’ theorem in the last step.) (b) Use the product rule V-(A x B) = B-(VXA)—A-(V XB): [? (wxaydr= [ v(AxB)ar+ [A (VxB)ar = f(A

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