Aplicatii SMPS Cu Circuite ST

Power & Analog
program
European
Multi System Market
Competence Center
POWER CONVERSION - agenda
• Power conversion
– SMPS
• Main topologies quick roundup
• Power Factor Correction
• PWM (offline & HV DCDC)
• Low Voltage DC-DC Converters
– Lighting
• Fluorescent ballast
– Analog driven
– Digital driven / advanced
• HID
• LED / DISPLAY DRIVER
– DC / DC driven
– Offline driven
– Display control
08/11/07 – REV. 2
2
– SMPS
– Lighting
– Analog driven
• HID
– DC / DC driven
– Offline driven
– Display control
08/11/07 – REV. 2
3
NOT isolated topologies
BUCK (STEP-DOWN) BOOST (STEP-UP) BUCK / BOOST
VOUT = VIN x D VOUT = VIN / (1-D) VOUT = - VIN x D / (1-D)
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4
Isolated topologies
FLYBACK FORWARD
VOUT = VIN x D / (N x (1-D)) VOUT = VIN x D x N
SINGLE SWITCH SINGLE SWITCH
DOUBLE SWITCH DOUBLE SWITCH (asymmetrical half-bridge)
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5
Isolated topologies
PUSH-PULL
VOUT = 2 x VIN x D / N
HALF-BRIDGE
VOUT = VIN x D / N
FULL-BRIDGE
VOUT = 2 x VIN x D / N
Because of the number of components, the
full bridge is for high power applications,
ranging from 500 up to 2000W.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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Primary side Secondary side
HV Monolithic Switchers Synchr. Rectifier Controllers
•VIPer20/A, 50/A, 100/A
•STSR2P, STSR2PM
•VIPer12A, VIPer22A, VIPer53/E
•STSR3, STSR30
•VIPer17 / 27 / 28 / 16
PWM CV/CC Controllers

Controllers •TSM101, 103W
PFC •TSM1011,1012,1013,1014
PWM - FF
Controllers •UC384x, L5991/A •TSM1051, 1052
TM •SG3524, SG3525
•L6561 •L6668
Supervisor/Housekeeping ICs
•L6562, L6563/A •TSM102,104W,106,107,109
QR
•L6562A/T •L6565 •TSM111, 114,115
•L6566 •L6610, L6611
FF-CCM •TL77XX
•L4981A/B RESONANT
•L6598 Load-share Controller
•L6599 •L6615
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– SMPS
– Lighting
– Analog driven
• HID
– DC / DC driven
– Offline driven
– Display control
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8
Power Factor Correction Summary
• Power Factor (PF) Concept

– Theorethical meaning and practical aspects
• Power Factor Correction (PFC)

– Regulations and economical considerations
– General PFC characteristics and impact on SMPS'
performance
– Topologies and control methods
– PFC, application examples and design issues
08/11/07 – REV. 2
9
PF Definition Sinusoidal Current
IRMS
P = VRMS · IRMS · cos ϕ = Re [A]
Q = VRMS · IRMS · sin ϕ = Im [A]
Α = VRMS · IRMS = P2 + Q2
VRMS ZL
ϕ = arg (ZL)
P = Active (Real) Power

ϕ
A
=A
pp
PF = P = cos ϕ
Q = Reactive
are
nt
Po
we Α
Power
08/11/07 – REV. 2
10
Line Current Distorsion at an SMPS Input
IAC
VDC SMPS
Cin
VAC
VDC
Ipk
t
IAC
VAC
08/11/07 – REV. 2
11
PF Definition Non-Sinusoidal Current
∞
IRMS= IRMS1 + Σ n=2 IRMSn P = VRMS · IRMS1 · cos ϕ1
2 2
IRMS1 Q = VRMS · IRMS1 · sin ϕ1

ϕ1 = ∠IRMS1 ; cos θ = ∞
D = VRMS · Σ n=2 IRMSn
2
IRMS
P = Active (Real) Power Η = VRMS · IRMS1 = P 2 + Q 2
ϕ1 Α = VRMS · IRMS = H 2 + D 2
θ H=F
undam
ental A Q = Reactive Power
A pp. Po
wer
= P
To PF = = cos ϕ · cos θ
tal
Ap Α
pa POwer rtion
ren
∞
Σ
tP 2
ow =2 IRMSn
sto
n=
er
THD =
D = Di
IRMS1
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12
PF Practical Meaning - High-PF Benefit
• FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

– Better efficiency in energy transportation and distribution
networks
– Cables cross-section may be reduced
– Transformers' size reduction
– Reduction of disturbances on the line
• FOR USERS
– More total power available
– More power available on each outlet
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13
PFC SMPS Manufacturers’ Standpoint
• COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS

– EN 61000-3-2 regulation is mandatory from year 2001
for input power > 75W
• ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
– PFC causes additional costs, partly compensated by a
cost reduction of the downstream converter
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EN61000-3-2 Regulation
• Concerns harmonic current emission limits for

equipment having an input current >16A per phase
• Equipment is divided up in 4 classes:

– A: Balanced three-phase equipment and that not included in the
other classes
– B: Portable equipment
– C: Lighting equipment
– D: Equipment with special input current waveshape and input
active power > 600W.
• No limitation is imposed on equipment with input

active power <75W.
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Limits for Class A, B & C Equipment
Class A Class B Class C

Harmonic order Max. harmonic current Harmonic order Max. harmonic current Harmonic order Max. harmonic current
“n” A “n” A n (% of fundamental)
Odd harmonics Odd harmonics 2 2
3 2.30 3 3.45 3 30 · PF
5 1.14 5 1.71 5 10
7 0.77 7 1.16 7 7
9 0.40 9 0.60 9 5
11 0.33 11 0.50 11≤n≤39 3
13 0.21 13 0.32
15≤n≤39 0.15 · 15 / n 15≤n≤39 0.23 · 15 / n
Even harmonics Even harmonics
2 1.08 2 1.62
4 0.43 4 0.65
6 0.30 6 0.45
8≤n≤40 0.23 · 8 / n 8≤n≤40 0.35 · 8 / n
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Limits for Class D Equipment
i
ipk π/3 π/3 π/3
0.35
0
0 π/2 π
Class D
Harmonic order Max. harmonic current Max. harmonic current
n per Watt (mA/W) A
3 3.4 2.30
5 1.9 1.14
7 1.0 0.77
9 0.5 0.40
11 0.35 0.33
13≤n≤39 3.85 / n see class A
(odd harm. only)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC Implementations
• Passive PFC L
– Pros
SMPS
• Simple and reliable Cin
– Cons
• PF@0.7-0.8, THD still high
• large L, big chokes
• Active PFC (PFC Preregulator) SMPS
– Pros 400 VDC
• PF=0.999, THD<3% Cin

CONV.
• Wide-range Mains PFC
DC-DC
• SMPS optimization
– Cons
• Complexity and cost
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PFC Impact on the System
• EMI filter
– might need reinforcing
• Bridge rectifier
– Diode current rating reduction or heatsink size reduction
• On the downstream converter

– Converter's input bulk capacitor (= PFC output) reduced at 1/4
– Power switch size reduction (RDS(on) can be 1/4), or heatsink
size reduction
– Transformer's size reduction and optimization (it is operated with
low current and a nearly constant primary voltage)
– Greater efficiency
– Control loop dynamics not used to compensate input voltage
changes, entirely available to control load changes
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC Block Diagram
Vpk
0 Vout
0
Cin
PWM Chop
Co
VAC
Vout
k
-
+ VREF
Error
Multiplier Amplifier
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC Converters : General Characteristics
• Boost topology
• Wide-range mains operation (88 to 264 VAC)
• 400 V output voltage (in general, > Vpk)
• Small input cap
– larger values cause input voltage waveform distortion
and hurt PF
– higher EMI level
• Current mode control
– 2-loop control
• Narrow bandwidth voltage loop (typ. 20 Hz)
– 100/120 Hz output ripple
– Poor dynamic response
• Input overcurrent and output overvoltage protections
08/11/07 – REV.needed
2
21
PFC Control Methods
"CCM" type IL "TM" type

IL
IAC
IAC
ON ON
MOSFET MOSFET
OFF OFF
Fixed frequency, duty cycle modulation Variable switching frequency, constant

Continuous conduction mode: IL never falls TON
to zero. Operation on the boundary between
Average current mode control, complexity, continuous and discontinuous conduction
high performance, higher cost. mode, @ZVS
Suitable for higher power levels (>300W) Peak current mode control, simple, low-
approximately cost.
Suitable for lower power levels (<300W)
approximately
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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FF-CCM or TM Type : which should I use ?
FF-CCM TM
It must filter a current ripple usually It must filter a current ripple as high as
EMI Filter equal to 20-40% of the line current twice the line current
Inductance is usually higher, saturation Inductance is usually lower, saturation

Boost Inductor current is lower, core and copper losses current is higher, core and copper losses
are lower are higher; litz or multi-strand wire
Lower conduction losses (better current Higher conduction losses (worse current
form-factor), high capacitive and form-factor), capacitive and switching
MOSFET switching losses. Additional losses due losses significant at high line only (when
to boost diode reverse-recovery ZVS at turn-on is lost)
Reverse-recovery characteristics are Reverse-recovery not invoked: no

critical: additional losses in itself and in additional losses and lower EMI. Lower
Diode the MOSFET, higher EMI. Higher VF VF and conduction losses.
and conduction losses
Average current-mode: more complex, Peak current-mode: simpler, lower part

Control higher part count, expensive control IC count, cheap control IC
CONCLUSION: for Pout<100W definitely TM, for Pout>500W FF-CCM;

careful (and complex!) trade-off required for intermediate levels
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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STM PFC Roadmap
L4981A/B
L4981A/B
AVGCURRENT
AVG CURRENT
MODEPFC
MODE PFC
P Input voltage Feed-forward

Load Feed-forward
O Progr. Turn-On Threshold
W OVP & Over-current Protection
E L6563
L6563
R L6562A ADVANCED
ADVANCED
L6562A TMPFC
PFC
L6562 TMPFC
TM PFC TM
L6562
IMPROVED
IMPROVED TBO
TMPFC
TM PFC L6562 enhanced FDBK disconnection
L6561
L6561 Lower CS threshold Brownout
PFC L6561 pin-to-pin
TMPFC New gate driver Reduced consumption
TM
8pin Improved THD Higher efficiency at PWM interface
8pin
stat./dyn. Extended supply range light load
OVPstat./dyn.
OVP Input volt. Feedforward
Powerful gate driver
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC: transition mode (TM) control
• Variable switching frequency, constant TON
IL IAC
• Operation close to the boundary between
continous and discontinuous conduction
mode, @ZVS
ON
• Peak current mode control, simple, low-cost.
• Suitable for lower power levels (< @150W

approximately) OFF
MOSFET
VCC
(*) L6563: 14
pin IC with
ZCD COMP INV advanced
RECTIFIED logic
MAINS L6561 / L6562
L6562A
MULT GD
L6563 (*)
GND CS
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC: continuos current mode (CCM) control
• Fixed frequency, duty cycle modulation IL
• Continuous conduction mode: IL never falls to "CCM" type
zero (except for close to zero-crossings) IAC
• ∆IL/IAC ratio < 1 (typ. 0.2-0.4)

• Average current mode control, greater complexity,
high performance, higher cost. ON
MOSFET
• Suitable for higher power levels (> 250W OFF
approximately)
7 4 1 19 13 14
3
15 L4981
16 20
6
2 8 5 9 18 10 17 12 11
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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PFC: fixed-off-time (FOT) control
CONSTANT TOFF
TYPICAL QR CONTROL
TURN-OFF PWM COMPARATOR (current peak)
TURN-OFF PWM COMPARATOR (current peak) R-C NETWORK DISCHARGING
TURN-ON
INDUCTOR DEMAGNETIZATION
TURN-ON (Aux. winding or RC on the drain)
DCM DCM
TRANSITION MODE
(boundary between DCM and CCM)
CCM
• Benefits:
ON
Switch
– 200-400W target OFF
– High efficiency (>92%)

– Simple control
– Reduced part count
compared to CCM fixed
frequency
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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L6562A NEW
• Proprietary multiplier design for • -600/+800mA totem-pole gate driver
minimum THD of AC input current with UVLO
• Very low power losses current • Disable function on Fb input
sense for improved system
efficiency • Precise adjustable output
overvoltage protection
• Variable switching frequency,
constant TON
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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L6562A TM PFC Calculation Spreadsheet
08/11/07 – REV. 2
29
L6562A Promotional tools
• SAMPLES: AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

• DATASHEETs: AVAILABLE ON THE WEB
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13198/l6562a.pdf
• APPLICATION NOTES:
– AN2761 : Solution for designing a 80W TM PFC using the L6562A
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/anp/14690.pdf
– AN2782 :Solution for designing a 400W FOT PFC using the L6562A
– AN2755 : 400W FOT-controlled PFC pre-regulator with the L6562A
– AN2711 : 15W Off Line TRIAC Dimmable LED Driver
• DEMO BOARDS:
– EVL6562A-TM-80W (AVAILABLE)
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/bd/13799/evl6562a-tm-80w.pdf
– EVL6562A-400W (AVAILABLE)
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/bd/14416.pdf
• SOFTWARE TOOLS:
– DESIGNING A TM PFC USING THE L6562A (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/ipc/off-line/controller/soft/l6562apfc_release%201.1.xls
– DESIGNING A FOT PFC USING THE L6562A (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/ipc/off-line/controller/soft/l6562a_fot_release%201.3.xls
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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L6563A
INV COMP MULT VFF
Can manage output power in 1 2 3 5

1 / V2
TRACKING
excess of 300W BOOST
-
Ideal diode
LINE VOLTAGE
FEEDFORWARD
6
TBO 1:1 MULTIPLIER
Input voltage Feed-forward CURRENT

MIRROR 2.5V
+
LEADING-EDGE
4
CS
1.7V BLANKING
1:1 Voltage
Tracking-boost operation option BUFFER from

VFF
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
references - + - +
3V Vbias Q
INDUCTOR
(INTERNAL SUPPLY VCC
SATURATION
AC Brownout Detection 14
BUS)
DETECTION
( not in L6563A )
SAT
VCC
THD optimizer UVLO

R Q
15 V
R1 COMPARATOR S 13
Power management interface with GND
12
+ Driver
GD
PWM section R2
VREF2
- UVLO
Starter
Feedback disconnection detection 11

-
ZERO CURRENT
DETECTOR
OFF
ZCD 1.4V STARTER 0.2V

Protection against boost inductor
+
0.7V 0.3V
+
saturation RUN
10
-
DISABLE SAT
-
7
PFC_OK
LATCH
+
Internal 200ns LEB on Current 0.52V
0.62V Vbias FEEDBACK
-
ON/OFF CONTROL
Sense (BROWNOUT DETECTION) 9 8
FAILURE
DETECTION
2.5V
PWM_STOP PWM_LATCH
Low Start-up & Quiescent Current MAIN APPLICATIONS:

Package: SO-14 • IEC61000-3-2 Compliant SMPS
• Hi-end AC-DC Adapter/Charger
• SMPS for Desktop PC's, Entry-level Servers
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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– SMPS
– Lighting
– Analog driven
• HID
– DC / DC driven
– Offline driven
– Display control
08/11/07 – REV. 2
32
STM PWM Roadmap
100W – 700W
100W – 700W 90W – 400W
L6599 L6591
L6598 Advanced HV
HV Resonant Resonant Controller ZVS HB
Controller 600V Level-shifter PWM Controller
600V Level-shifter Bootstrap Diode 600V Level-shifter
Power
Bootstrap Diode PFC interface 700V start-up

Burst-mode PFC interface
Brownout Brownout
Up to 90W
L6668 Up to 90W
Smart Primary
L6565 PWM Controller L6566A/B
700V start-up PWM & Q-Res
Q-Resonant PFC interface
Controller Burst-mode Controller
Improved Stand-by Selectable Q-Res or PWM
700V Start-up
L5991/A PWM with frequency mod.
Supporting single stage
UC384xB Advanced PWM PFC
Standard PWM Controller
08/11/07 – REV. 2
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L6668 main features
ON-BOARD HIGH-VOLTAGE START-UP

HV RCT
IMPROVED STANDBY FUNCTION
HVS S-COMP
LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (< 2 mA) GND PFC_STOP
SLOPE COMPENSATION PIN OUT STBY
Vcc ISEN
PULSE-BY-PULSE & HICCUP-MODE OCP
N.C. SS
INTERFACE WITH PFC CONTROLLER DIS COMP
DISABLE FUNCTION (ON/OFF CONTROL) VREF SKIPADJ
LATCHED DISABLE FOR OVP/OTP FUNCTION

PROGRAMMABLE SOFT-START MAIN APPLICATIONS:
2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE HI-END AC-DC ADAPTERS

AVAILABLE & CHARGERS
±800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER WITH LCD/CRT MONITORS and

INTERNAL CLAMP AND UVLO PULL-DOWN LCD/CRT TV
SO16N PACKAGE DIGITAL CONSUMER
08/11/07 – REV. 2
34
L6668 load-dependent operating mode
COMP
3.0V
50 mV
V(SKIPADJ) hyster.
fsw
fosc t
0 t
0 Pin Pinmax GD
Burst-Mode @ No-load Fix. Freq.

Burst Mode
Fix. Freq. t
Mode Mode
Most of switching cycles are Frequency Foldback Mode
skipped
Constant switch peak current
Fixed-frequency Mode @ Heavy Load
Programmable threshold
Identical to UC384x-based operation
for noise-free operation
75% Max. duty cycle
Pin<0.2W@Pout=0 in an
80W-rated system achievable
Frequency foldback Mode @ Light Load SMPS Compliant with
Frequency is progressively reduced Blue Angel, Energy Star,
with the load
EU Code of Conduct, …..
Programmable reduction rate for
optimum efficiency vs. input power

08/11/07 – REV. 2
35
L6668 – 40W/51Wpk HDD SET-TOP BOX SMPS
R2 C7
3R9 1N0
T1 D2 L2
J1 F1 STPS8H100FP 2.7uH
SRW28LEC-E01
FUSE 2A HS2
4
INPUT CONN. D1 12
+12V
2W06G
1 1 2 R4 @1.9A-2.9Apk
2 1 1 4K7
C18 C10 C11 C12
2 R7 470uF-25V YXF 100N
220N-X2 33K-2W C9 100uF-25V YXF
4 3 R5 470uF-25V YXF
470K
3
R1 L1 L3
90-264Vrms NTC_10R S236 HF2430-203Y1R0-T01 TDK C20 2.7uH
C21
82uF-400V 11
10N-400V +5V
R6
330K R32
D7 1K0 C27 @2.4A
STTH1L06U 100uF-25V C14
C412 100N
3 D10
C22 C23
10 STPS10L60FP 1000uF-16V YXF 1000uF-16V YXF
HS3
D9 L4
STPS1L60A 22uH
D5 R8
9
BAV103 12R +3V3
14
5 R33
1K0 @0.5A
C28 C15
HV
HVS(nc)
PFC_STOP
8 C19 100uF-25V 100N

VREF
47uF-50V
C16 5 Q1 C24
100N VCC STP4NK60ZFP 6 220uF-16V YXF
R17 HS1
R13 13 4 82R 8
36K ST-BY OUT +1V8
R12 R15 D12 L5
10K 6K2
ISEN
12 1N5821
2.7uH @1.7A
R16 R34
16 1K0 R18 R19 C35 1K0 C29 C17
RCT 100uF-25V
0R47 0R47 2200uF-16V YXF 100N
C34 7
9 3 220P
SKIPADJ GND
D16
C30 LL4148
2N2 R20
6 15 C5 1K8
OTP S_COMP
2N2 - Y1
Measured at maximum load and
COMP
R14 R27
OVP
30K 11 5K6 C39 C38

SS
1
100N 100N J2
C31
U2
L6668 U3
R35
1K0
R10
10K
R25
3K3
R26
1K0
O/P CONN
230Vac.
7
10
100N SFH617A-4 C37
R36 Q5
3N3
+12V
1
2
Limits according to EN55022 Class-B.
3
-5V/+30V
3K3 BC847B
Q4 3
BC857B R24
C32 R23 1K0 4
100N 1K0 +1V8
C33
10N C40 5
10uF-50V +5V
R30
D6 U4 270R 6
BAV103 TS2431ILT
L285 7
R22
R21 C36 8
27K +3V3/-5V
3K9 470P R29
10K
D13
LL4148
Q2
BC847B
C41 Q3
10uF-50V BC847B
R28
1K
SALIENT FEATURES:
STM KEY COMPONENTS: UNIVERSAL INPUT MAINS RANGE (90÷264Vac)
EFFICIENCY BETTER THAN 78% AT FULL LOAD
L6668 + STP4NK60ZFP
OUTPUT ST-BY POWER <0,75W@230Vac & 5V-50mA load
TL2431
VOLTAGES MEETS EN55022 CLASS B (EMI)
RECT. DIODES
STPS10L60CT +1.8: @1.7A MEETS EN60950 (SAFETY)
STPS8H100FP +3V3: @0.5A PCB SINGLE LAYER 75x150 mm
1N5821 LOW PART COUNT & DIVERSITY
+5V: @2.4A
STTH1L06U
STPS1L60A +12V: @1.9A/2.9Apk LOW-COST APPROACH
SMT USE FOR LABOR COST REDUCTION

08/11/07 – REV. 2
36
L6668 load-dependent operating mode
Power-on sequencing.
Switches off L6563 when L6668 detects either
light load or OV/OT or transformer saturation
HV BUS PFC
C8
Latches off L6668 when L6563
detects feedback disconnection
OV
or inductor saturation
sensing
OT sensing
Vcc PWM_LATCH
PFC_STOP DIS HV Vcc
14 8 S-COMP
VREF
8 14 7 1 5 15
L6563 STBY 1 4
3 OUT
Frequency L6668 1
RCT 1
foldback setting 6 2
ISEN
9 11 10 3
SKIPADJ SS COMP GND

Switching
frequency setting
Burst-mode
threshold setting
08/11/07 – REV. 2
37
NEW
L6566A/B primary
Multi-mode
PWM/Q-RES Controller
08/11/07 – REV. 2
38
L6566A/B Multimode Controller
SELECTABLE QR/FF OPERATION FLEXIBILITY

ON-BOARD HV START-UP GEN. POWER
LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (<3mA)
BURST MODE @ LIGHT LOAD CONSUMPTION
PULSE-BY-PULSE OCP
TRANSFORMER SAT. DETECTION
LATCHED OR AUTORESTART OVP
BROWNOUT PROTECTION
SAFETY
ADAPTIVE UVLO
LINE FEEDFORWARD
L6566A POWER
PFC INTERFACE
CONSUMPTION
L6566B FREQ MODULATION EMI REDUCTION
08/11/07 – REV. 2
39
L6566A: FOR SMPS WITH PFC FRONT- L6566B: FOR SINGLE STAGE SMPS
S2
END
HVS 1 16 AC_O HVS 1 16 AC_OK
K VFF
N.C. 2 15 VFF N.C. 2 15
GND 3 14 SS GND 3 14 SS
GD 4 13 OSC GD 4 13 OSC
Vcc 5 12 Vcc 5 12 MODE/SC

MODE/SC
Vcc_PF 6 11 ZCD FMOD 6 11 ZCD
C
CS 7 10 VREF CS 7 10 VREF
DIS 8 9 COM DIS 8 9 COMP

P
MAIN APPLICATIONS: MAIN APPLICATIONS:

High Power (75-120W) AC-DC Low Power (30-75W) AC-DC Adapt/Chargers
adapt/Chargers SMPS for Printers, Digital Consumer
SMPS for Printers LCD monitor, Small size LCD TV (up to 21”)
LCD monitors, Small size LCD TV (21-28”) Single-stage PFC
08/11/07 – REV. 2
40
Slide 40
S2 The L6566 is an extremely versatile current-mode primary controller IC specifically designed for high-performance offline flyback
converters in applications supposed to comply with EN61000-3-2 or JEITA-MITI regulations.Both Fixed-frequency (FF) and
Quasi-resonant (QR) operation are supported. The user can pick either of the two depending on application needs. The device features
an externally programmable oscillator: it defines converter's switching frequency in FF mode and the maximum allowed switching
frequency in QR mode. When FF operation is selected, the IC works like a standard current-mode controller with a maximum duty cycle
limited at 70% min. QR operation, when selected, occurs at heavy loads and is achieved through a transformer demagnetization
sensing input that triggers MOSFET's turn-on. Under some conditions, ZVS (Zero-voltage Switching) can be achieved. Converter's power
capability rise with the input voltage is compensated by line voltage feedforward. At medium and light load, as the QR operating
frequency equals the oscillator frequency, a function (valley skipping) is activated to prevent further frequency rise and keep the
operation as close to ZVS as possible. With either FF or QR operation, at very light load the IC enters a controlled burst-mode operation
that, along with the built-in non-dissipative high-voltage start-up circuit and a reduced quiescent current, helps keep low the
consumption from the mains and meet energy saving recommendations. To allow meeting them in two-stage power-factor-corrected
systems as well, the L6566A provides an interface with the PFC controller that enables to turn off the pre-regulator at light load.An
innovative adaptive UVLO helps minimize the issues related to the fluctuations of the self-supply voltage due to transformer's
parasitics.The protection functions included in this device are: not-latched input undervoltage (brownout), output OVP (auto-restart or
latch-mode selectable), a first-level OCP with delayed shutdown to protect the system during overload or short circuit conditions
(auto-restart or latch-mode selectable) and a second-level OCP that is invoked when the transformer saturates or the secondary diode
fails short. A latched disable input allows easy implementation of OTP with an external NTC, while an internal thermal shutdown
prevents IC overheating. Programmable soft-start, leading-edge blanking on the current sense input for greater noise immunity, slope
compensation (in FF mode only), and a shutdown function for externally controlled burst-mode operation or remote ON/OFF control
complete the equipment of this device.
STMicroelectronics; 22/10/2007
Typical System Block Schematics
PFC PRER
- EGULATOR (BOOST) DC-
DC CONVERTER (FLYBACK)
EMI Voutdc
Vinac
Filter
L6566 is turned off in case ofPFC's OptionalOption:

Synchronous
anomalous operation, for safety synchronous rectification
Rectification
L6563 L6566
OPERATION
L6563 can be turned off at light QR for Pout ≤ 60-70W
load to ease compliance with FF for Pout > 70W
energy saving requirements.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
41
L6566A/B Block Diagram
Programmab Voltage Pulse-by-Pulse OCP &

le soft-start
5V Reference feed-fwd Hiccup mode
HV start-up Feedback
current generator VREF SS COMP VFF CS
14 TIM 9 15 7
10
E
1 OFF SOFT-START OUT LOW CLAMP OFF2
2.6mA typ quiescent HVS &
FAULT MNGT
& DISABLE 7.7V
Q
current Adaptive UVLO Icharge Reference
LINE VOLTAGE
FEEDFORWARD
LEB
VOLTAGE
voltages
REGULATOR
VCC Internal supply VCC
5 & 1.5 V
ADAPTIVE UVLO UVLO
- + - + + -
VCC Vth PWM OCP
PFC management Hiccup-mode OCP
25k
IC_LATCH
or Freq. modulation Vcc_PFC
(L6566A)
6 +
UVLO_SHF
AC_FAIL - - Hiccup-mode
OCP logic 14V Gate driver
FMOD 6 5.7V BURST-MODE
+
(L6566B) 4
GD
OSC 13
Oscillator OSCILLATOR R
Q DRIVER
S
MODE SELECTION
&
MODE/SC 12 TURN-ON LOGIC Max TIM
. E
ZERO CURRENT
QR or FF setting 30 mV
100 mV
- DETECTOR
Ton OUT
ZCD + 4.5V
Slope comp. 11 OFF2
-
OVERVOLTAGE
LATCH
PROTECTION DIS
+
ZCD & OVP AC_OK - AC_FAIL
IC_LATCH 8
16 OFF
DISABLE
+
15 µA UVLO
0.45V 3
Brown-out GND
Latched device
protection
08/11/07 – REV. 2
42
L6566A/B: Main Features
SELECTABLE QUASI-RESONANT (QR) or FIXED FREQUENCY (FF) OPERATION
LOAD-DEPENDENT CURRENT-MODE CONTROL: QUASI-RESONANT, VALLEY SKIPPING OR

BURST-MODE
ON-BOARD HIGH-VOLTAGE START-UP GENERATOR
LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (< 3 mA)
ADAPTIVE UVLO
LINE FEEDFORWARD FOR CONSTANT POWER CAPABILITY

PULSE-BY-PULSE OCP WITH DELAYED SHUTDOWN
TRANSFORMER SATURATION DETECTION

Blue Angel, Energy Star,
LATCHED OR AUTORESTART OVP
EU Code of Conduct
BROWNOUT PROTECTION WITH HYSTERESIS
Compliant
PROGRAMMABLE SOFT-START
2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE EXTERNALLY AVAILABLE
-600/+800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER
SWITCHED SUPPLY RAIL FOR PFC CONTROLLER (L6566A)
PROGRAMMABLE FREQUENCY MODULATION FOR EMI REDUCTION (L6566B)
SO16N PACKAGE
08/11/07 – REV. 2
43
75W Adapter with PFC, using L6566A and L6563
D1
J1
MKDS 1,5/ 3-5,08
F1
FUSE 4A
C1
L1
HF2422-203Y1R0-T01
~
D2
GBU4J
+ 6
L2 1N4005
SRW25CQ-T05V102
5
R1
NTC 10R-S236 EVL6566A-75WADP
1 2N2 D3
2
3
8 3 STTH2L06
C3 C5 C6
470N C2 470N - 400V 100u - 450V
2N2
~ _ C7
R3
90-264Vac C4 2M2
2N2
R2
470N
680K
R4
68K
R5
2M2 C8 R14
1N0 3R9
R6
680K
R66
HS3 3R9
HEAT-SINK
R28
R11 D5
2M2 STPS20H100CFP
L3
680K TSL0706 - 1R5-4R3
R8 R9
75K 75K
R7 D9
3M3 R10 RES
1000u - 25V
1000u - 25V
R13 C10 D4
33K RES
RES 1.5KE250A
R20
R12 C9 2-3 RES
100u - 25V
3M3 100N U1 J2
L6563 C14 C11 15-16 D7 C12 C16
220N RES STPS20H100CFP C13 C17 1
R19 100N
1 14 3K0 D8 2
R15 INV VCC D6 R21 STTH108A MKDS 1,5/ 2-5,08
100K C15 R17 RES RES
Q2 10-11
STP9NK50ZFP
1u 62K 2 13
COMP GD R22 19V@4A
5-6 R015
3 12
MULT GND R23 HS1
R18 C19 27R R24 HEAT-SINK
51K 2N2 4 11 100K
CS ZCD R25
C20 470R
5 10 RES
VFF RUN
C21
470N R29 R27 C24
6 9 RES 0R33 2N2
TBO PWM-STOP
7 8
PFC-OK PWM-LATCH
R30
22K
R26 T1
0R0 SRW32EC-T01H114
R72
C25 C26 0R0
220p 22N
D10 D11 R35
RES STTH102A 2R7
1 2 Q7
R34 R33 RES R71 R73 C27
390K 0R0 JP8 RES RES RES
Q4
RES C28
1 2 RES R40 R67
R36 RES 12K
JP7 C30 D15 1K8 R39
R50 RES 2N2 R37 RES R38 56K R69
1K0 U6 10K RES 1K0
L6566A
C29
RES R68
1
1 16 U3 220K
HV AC_OK D12 R43 SFH617A-4 R45
LL4148 4R7 2K2
2 15
N.C. VFF
Q5 R55
2
Q3 C32 C33 3 14 STP10NK80ZFP HS2 R48 R49 22R
BC847C 100N 47u - 50V GND SS HEAT-SINK 4K7 24K
R42
33K C34 D16 R46 R47
4 13 47N LL4148 15R 100K
GD OSC
5 12 C31
VCC MODE/SC RES U5 C36
R62 R41
R60 R51 R52 R53 1 8 100N
100K RES 6K8 V_REF VCC
6 11 1K0 0R56 0R56
VCC_PFC ZCD R61 R31
C23
100N RES 39K 2 7
7 10 C44 CC- CC_OUT
CS VREF R54 C35 1N
47K 220N 3 6
R64 CC+ GND
8 9
150K C38 DIS COMP R32
220p 15K 4 5
CV- CV_OUT
C37
OTP PROT RES R57
TSM1014AIST
100R
R65 C43
R63 R58 R59 22K 2N2
100K M57703 12K U4
C40
C39 RES
10N C41 R70
100N
10N 18K
R74
47K
Q9
BC857C
08/11/07 – REV. 2
44
Typical low-cost application schematic
F1 NTC1
fuse
B1
Vin CY1 T1
88 to CX1 CX2
264 Vac
C1
Lx R1 C2
CY2 D4 Vout
D1
C8A,B
R3 470k R2
C3 D2
FMOD AC_OK HVS Vcc C7 2.2 nF Y1
DIS 6 16 1 5
8 GD R4
4 R7
Q1
IC1 D3
VFF 15
IC3 PC817A 1
L6566B 7
CS
4
ZCD R5
12 10 13 14 9 3 11 R9
MODE/SC VREF OSC SS COMP GND

3
2 C9 R8
Optional for
QR operation C4 R6 C5 C6 TL431
R10
08/11/07 – REV. 2
45
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Typical full-feature application schematic
F1
NTC1
fuse
B1
Vin CY1 T1
88 to CX1 CX2
264 Vac
C1
Lx R1 C2
CY2 D4
Vout
D1
C8A,B
R2
R16 D2
R15 C3 1N4148
MODE/SC HVS Vcc C7 2.2 nF Y1
ZCD R3
AC_OK 12 1 5 11
16 GD R4
4 R7
Q1
R14
IC1 D3 1N4148
VFF
15 IC3 PC817A 1
L6566B 7
CS
DIS 8 4
R17 R5
10 6 13 14 9 3 R9
R18
R13 VREF FMOD OSC SS COMP GND
NTC2 3
R11 2 C9 R8
C10
R12 C4 R6 C5 C6 TL431
R10
08/11/07 – REV. 2
46
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
L6566A/B Promotional Tools
• SAMPLES: AVAILABLE NOW (PRODUCTION PHASE)
• DATASHEETs: AVAILABLE ON THE WEB

– L6566A http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13794.pdf
– L6566B http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13795/l6566b.pdf
• DEMO BOARDS:
– EVL6566A-75WADP in FF mode (AVAILABLE)
• 19V/3.9A adapter with PFC pre-regulator, using L6563, L6565A and TSM1014
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/bd/13897/evl6566a-75wadp.pdf
– EVL6566A-75WADP in QR mode (IN PROGRESS)
• 19V/3.9A adapter with PFC pre-regulator, using L6563, L6565A and TSM1014, EPA 4.0 Compliant
– EVL6566B-65W in FF mode (AVAILABLE)
• 12V/5.4A wide-range mains adapter using L6566B and TSM1014
– EVL6566B-60WQR in QR mode (AVAILABLE)

• 12V/5A wide range mains adapter using L6566B
– EVL6566B-60WFF in FF mode (AVAILABLE)

• 12V/5A wide range mains adapter using L6566B
– EVL6566B-40WSTB in FF mode (multiple output) (AVAILABLE)

• 12V, 5V, 3.3V and 1.8V 40W Fly-Back converter for digital consumer market
• DESIGN SOFTWARE: UNDER DEVELOPMENT

08/11/07 – REV. 2
47
NEW
L6591
high performance PWM
controller for Asymmetrical
Half Bridge
08/11/07 – REV. 2
48
S1
L6591: HB ZVS PWM Primary Controller
HALF BRIDGE TOPOLOGY POWER DENSITY SSW SSO

WIT OFFT
ITH T
HCCI
NO SWITCHING INNG
ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING G
LOSSES @ TURN ON
SMALL MAGNETICS AND CAP,

UP TO 500KHz OPER. FREQ. SHORT RESPONSE TIMES, SMALL
FILTERS, LOW NOISE LEVELS
ON-BOARD HV START-UP GEN.

LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (<3mA) POWER
BURST MODE @ LIGHT LOAD
CONSUMPTION
INTERFACE PIN WITH PFC
PULSE-BY-PULSE OCP
TRANSFORMER SAT. DETECTION
LATCHED OR AUTORESTART OVP SAFETY
BROWNOUT PROTECTION
ADAPTIVE UVLO
08/11/07 – REV. 2
49
Slide 49
S1 The L6591 is a double-ended PWM controller specific for the soft-switched half-bridge topology. It provides complementary PWM
control, where the high-side switch is driven ON for a duty cycle D and the low-side switch for a duty cycle 1-D, with D≤50%. An
externally programmable dead-time inserted between the turn-off of one switch and the turn-on of the other one guarantees
soft-switching and enables high-frequency operation.
To drive the high-side switch with the bootstrap approach, the IC incorporates a high-voltage floating structure able to withstand more
than 600V with a synchronous-driven high-voltage DMOS that replaces the external fast-recovery bootstrap diode. The IC enables the
designer to set the operating frequency of the converter by means of an externally programmable oscillator: the maximum duty cycle is
digitally clipped at 50% by a T-flip-flop, so that the operating frequency will be half that of the oscillator. At very light load the IC
enters a controlled burst-mode operation that, along with the built-in non-dissipative high-voltage start-up circuit and the low quiescent
current, helps keep low the consumption from the mains and be compliant with energy saving recommendations. To allow compliance
with these standards in two-stage power-factor-corrected systems as well, an interface with the PFC controller is provided that enables
to switch off the pre-regulator between one burst and the following one. An innovative adaptive UVLO helps minimize the issues related
to the fluctuations of the self-supply voltage with the output load, due to transformer’s parasitics. IC’s protection functions include:
not-latched input undervoltage (brownout), a first-level OCP with delayed shutdown able to protect the system during overload and
short circuit conditions (either auto-restart or latch mode can be selected) and a second-level OCP that latches off the IC when the
transformer saturates or one of the secondary diodes fails short. Finally, a latched disable function allows easy implementation of OTP
or OVP. Programmable soft-start and digital leading-edge blanking on current sense input pin complete the equipment of the IC.
The L6591 is an advanced current-mode PWM controller specific for fixed-frequency, peak-current-mode-controlled ZVS half-bridge
converters. In these converters the switches (MOSFET’s) are controlled with complementary duty cycle: the high-side MOSFET is driven
ON for a duty cycle D and the low-side MOSFET for a duty cycle 1-D. For a proper operation the maximum allowed duty cycle must be
limited below 50%.
An externally programmable dead-time TD inserted between the turn-off of one MOSFET and the turn-on of the other one ensures
soft-switching and enables high-frequency operation with high efficiency and low EMI emissions. See “Oscillator and dead-time
programming” section for more information on how to program TD.
STMicroelectronics; 14/11/2007
L6591: HB ZVS PWM Primary Controller
PFC Pre-regulator– Boost DC-DC Converter – ZVS AHB
LINE 1 16 HVSTART
Vout
Vin DIS 2 15 BOOT
ISEN 3 14 HVG
SS 4 13 FGND
OSC 5 12 N.C.
PWM is turned off in case of
PFC Anomalous operation Optional Synchronous 6 11
VREF GND
Rectification
L6562 COMP 7 10 LVG
L6591
L6563 PFC_STOP 8 9 Vcc
PFC can be turned off at

light load or during PWM faults
Application:
High Power AC-DC Adapters/Chargers > 90W
ATX Desktop PCs (80+, 85+ initiative)
Telecom SMPS
Audio Applications
printers
08/11/07 – REV. 2
50
L6591 block diagram
1.7mA typ. quiescent 600 V-rated floating

RC oscillator with HV start-up current Adaptive UVLO
current generator driver with
programmable integrated bootstrap
dead-time 5V Reference
HV VCC diode
16 9
5
OSC CLK
Latched device TIMING 25 V
Vref
HV generator ON/OFF and VREG
protection adaptive UVLO management
6
VREF
Vcc_OK
2 Low
R
DIS +
-
S Q
UVLO
DIS
Synchronous
bootstrap diode HS DRIVER
15
4.5V
BOOT DMAX = 50%
Pulse-by-Pulse OCP 1.5V
-
HICCUP
S Q
BLANKING
14
& Hiccup mode ISEN + PWM_CTL LEVEL
DEAD-TIM E ADJUSTMENT
3 R HVG
+ SHIFTER
PWM
13
-
LOGIC &
Vcc_OK DIS FGND
R SHUTDOWN
PFC_STOP Q VCC
S OCP2
PFC 8
OCP2
BURST-MODE CTRL
LINE_OK
VREG
10
DIS
management 1.5V
Ilimref
0.8V max. +
OCP
+
-
0.4mA
LVG
- LINE_OK - Low
1.8V 11
1 UVLO
LINE - GND
+
3R
SOFT-START R +
15µA
2.0V
4 7
SS COMP
LS DRIVER
Power-up and power-
down sequencing Programmabl Burst-mode 1-DMAX = 100%
e soft-start at light load
08/11/07 – REV. 2
51
Typical Asymmetrical Half Bridge Architecture
L6563
L6591 Low ripple

Low Out Cap
ZVS Good Cross
Operation Regulation
Auxiliary Stage:
• VIPer17/15 for std-by up to 5W Extremely low
• VIPer27/25 for std-by from 5W to 10W consumption
• L6566A/B with external Mosfet for higher power levels
08/11/07 – REV. 2
52
AHB Architecture with Synchronous Rectification
L6563
L6591
Supporting also
Housekeeping
Higher
function on Efficiency Better
secondary side Form Factor
with TSM104
08/11/07 – REV. 2
53
Asymmetrical Half Bridge Waveforms
Hysteresis loop
Q1 current
0 ASIMMETRIC
HB midpoint voltage D1 current

Vin
Iload
0
0
Lout current
Iload
0
L6591
Tank circuit current D2 current
Iload
08/11/07 – REV. 2
54
AHB secondary side waveforms
D1 Iout
Vrect Vin·(1-D)/n1
Vin·D/n2
Vrect
ILout Iout
ID1 = ISEC1
D2
ID2 = ISEC2
Rectifiers 1 1
reverse VD1 = Vin ⋅ D ⋅  + 
voltages  n1 n2 
1 1
VD 2 = Vin ⋅ (1 − D ) ⋅  + 
 n1 n2 
08/11/07 – REV. 2
55
AHB waveforms summary
Dead-time
Gate-drive
signals
HB mid-point
Voltage
DC blocking
cap voltage
Secondary current reflected to primary Magnetizing current Tank circuit current
Transformer
currents
Diode
voltages
Output current
Diode
currents
08/11/07 – REV. 2
56
AHB topology key features
• CONTROL
– PWM fixed frequency (Dmax = 50%)
– Dead time between HG and LG to allow ZVS
• HALF BRIDGE
– ZVS operation: Soft Switching - No switching losses @ turn-on
• SECONDARY SIDE
– Balanced or unbalanced (Ns1≠Ns2) transformer
– Output inductor needed
• Can be coupled for multiple outputs
• TRANSFORMER
– Unbalanced transformer: no need of high Llk to obtain ZVS
08/11/07 – REV. 2
57
90W-19V Adapter with PFC using L6591+L6563 (2)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
58
L6591: Promotional Tools
• SAMPLES: AVAILABLE NOW (PRODUCTION PHASE)
• DATASHEETs: AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

– 12V/90W AC-DC ADAPTER WITH PFC USING L6563 AND L6591 (IN
PROGRESS)
– 400W (85+ COMPLIANT) L6591-BASED AHB ZVS CONVERTER WITH
PFC FOR DESKTOP PC (COMING NEXT)
• DEMO BOARDS:
– 12V/90W AC-DC ADAPTER WITH PFC USING L6563 + L6591 (IN
PROGRESS)
– 400W ATX (85+ COMPLIANT), 12V and 5V outputs (COMING NEXT)
• DESIGN SOFTWARE:
– UNDER DEVELOPMENT
08/11/07 – REV. 2
59
Off-line Resonant Controllers Roadmap
P
O L6599A
L6599A
W HIGHPERFORMANCE
HIGH PERFORMANCE
E RESONANTCONTR.
RESONANT CONTR.
R
L6598
L6598 HV Gate driver
HIGHVOLTAGE
VOLTAGE Burst-mode
HIGH Two levels OCP
RESONANTCONTR.
RESONANT CONTR.
PFC interface
Brown-out/seq. input
HV Gate driver DIS pin latch for OVP
Soft start
Spare OP AMP
Latching & non-latching pins
08/11/07 – REV. 2
60
Resonant SMPS:
LLC Topology
08/11/07 – REV. 2
61
Resonant SMPS : LLC Circuit
1
C
1+ k
3
Capacitve region Q=0 Inductive region
a
Current leading (ZCS) (open output) Current lagging (ZVS)
2.5
(
M x, kC, 0 ) k=5
M( x, kC, 0.5⋅ Qmax) 2
ZVS-ZCS borderline
M( x, kC, 2⋅ Qmax)
a ⋅ Vout Q=0.19
M =
M( x, kC, QVin
max)
1.5
M x, kC, 10  Resonance:
1
  Q=0.38
1
Load-independent point
3 reactive elements, 2 resonant Iout
frequencies (
B x, kC ) All curve have slope = -1/ k
1 k
1 ⋅
2 1+ k
fr1 0.5
⋅ ⋅ LsCr
2π ⋅ Q=0.76
f r1 > f r2
Q=10
1 0
0.1 1 10
fr2
⋅ ⋅ (Ls+ Lp)⋅Cr
2π x
f = f r2 f = f r1
08/11/07 – REV. 2
62
OFF-LINE
RESONANT CONTROLLERS
08/11/07 – REV. 2
63
CONTROL:
Variable frequency control, fixed 50% duty cycle for both
MOSFETs
Dead-time between LG and HG to allow MOSFET’s ZVS @ turn-on
HALF BRIDGE:
ZVS operation: no switching losses @turn-on
fsw ≈ fr, sinusoidal waveforms: low turn-off losses, low EMI
SECONDARY SIDE:
Equal voltage & current stress for both rectifiers
No output choke required: cost saving
ZCS: no recovery losses, less EMI
VRRM = 1.25x2Vout if secondary is CT,
TRANSFORMER
Integrated magnetics: both L’s can be realized with the
transformer
HIGH EFFICIENCY: >96% achievable
08/11/07 – REV. 2
64
OPERATING SEQUENCE (1 of 5)
Q1
Q2
+VBUS
+VBUS
OUT
IQ2 Q1 DQ1
Diode current OUT

IQ1
LM LOAD
IL1
Ls
CRES
Q2 DQ2
VIN*D CPIN
VC1
D2 D1D1
ID
08/11/07 – REV. 2
65
Q1
Q2
+VBUS
+VBUS
OUT
IQ2 Q1 DQ1
Diode current OUT

IQ1
LM LOAD
IL1
Ls
CRES
Q2 DQ2
VIN*D CPIN
VC1
D2 D1D1
ID
08/11/07 – REV. 2
66
Q1
Q2
+VBUS
+VBUS
OUT
IQ2 Q1 DQ1
Diode current OUT

IQ1
LM LOAD
IL1
Ls
CRES
Q2 DQ2
VIN*D CPIN
VC1
D2 D1D1
ID
08/11/07 – REV. 2
67
Q1
Q2
+VBUS
+VBUS
OUT
IQ2 Q1 DQ1
Diode current OUT

IQ1
LM LOAD
IL1
Ls
CRES
Q2 DQ2
VIN*D CPIN
VC1
D2 D1D1
ID
08/11/07 – REV. 2
68
Q1
Q2
+VBUS
+VBUS
OUT
IQ2 Q1 DQ1
Diode current OUT

IQ1
LM LOAD
IL1
Ls
CRES
Q2 DQ2
VIN*D CPIN
VC1
D2 D1D1
ID
08/11/07 – REV. 2
69
L6599A: an IC to remember NEW
• Superior stand-by performance (burst- 200/400W demoboard
mode operation at light load) with L6563
• Interface with PFC controller
(L6561/62/63)
• High performance protections PFC Output Bus
Vcc
Latched device
protection
Vs DIS VBOOT
HVG Vout
PFC stop OUT

GND
Power-up
and power-
L6599A LVG
down
sequencing ISEN
GND
LINE DELAY CF Css STBY RFmin
PFC Output Bus
08/11/07 – REV. 2
70
L6599A: an IC to remember
• 50% Duty Cycle, variable frequency control of ZVS resonant Half Bridge (HB)
• Up to 500KHz operating frequency
• Superior stand-by performance
– Burst-mode operating at light load
– Direct interface with PFC controller
SO16N DIP16
• High performance protections
– Two-level OCP: frequency-shift and latched shutdown
– Latched disable input
– Input for brownout protection or power ON/OFF sequencing
• Non linear soft-start for monotonic output voltage rise

• High accuracy oscillator
• 600V rail compatible high side gate driver with integrated bootstrap diode and
high dV/dt immunity
• 300/800 mA high side and low side gate drivers with UVLO pull-down
• Available in PDIP16 and SO16N packages
08/11/07 – REV. 2
71
L6599A: promotional tools
• DATA SHEET: AVAILABLE ON THE WEB
– LLC RESONANT HALF-BRIDGE CONVERTER DESIGN GUIDELINE (AN2450)
– 19V-90W ADAPTER BOARD WITH PFC USING L6599 AND L6563 (AN2321)
– 400W L6599-BASED HB LLC RESONANT CONVERTER FOR PDP (AN2492)
– 200W L6599-BASED HB LLC RESONANT CONVERTER FOR LCD TV & FLAT
PANELS (AN2393)
• DEMO BOARDS:
– 19V-90W BOARD WITH PFC USING L6599 AND L6563 (EVAL6599-90W)
– 200W SMPS FOR LCD TV, USING L6599, L6563 and VIPer12A (EVAL6599-200W)
– 400W SMPS FOR PDP USING L6599, L6563 and VIPer12A (EVAL6599-400W-S)
– 400W GENERIC SMPS USING L6599, L6563 and VIPer12A (EVAL6599-400W-T)
– 350W 80+ DESKTOP SMPS (IN DESIGN)
• DESIGN SOFTWARE:
– L6599 RESONANT CONVERTER DESIGN WORKBOOK (EXCEL SPREADSHEET,
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
72
Summary of topologies
Fixed frequency pwm

Quasi-resonant
Resonant
08/11/07 – REV. 2
73
Summary of frequency related operation mode
Resonant (L6599)
Quasi-resonant (L6566)
Fixed freq. pwm (L6591)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
74
Low peak current in rectifier and switch
Summary Low output current/voltage ripple respect to DCM
(Cout lower than DCM)
Recovery time rectifier losses (fast recovery

CCM diodes needed)
Feedback loop difficult to stabilize – 2nd order
system (2 poles and right half plane zero)
PWM Flyback
L6566 QR Zero turn-on losses for the power switch
Good transient line/load response (1st order
system), feedback loop (single pole) easy to
stabilize
DCM Recovery time rectifier not critical: current is zero
well before reverse voltage is applied
High peak current (high RMS) in rectifier and
switch
High output current/voltage ripple (Cout higher
than CCM)
High power capability

ZVS: No switching losses @ on
ZVS High operating frequency
L6591 PWM Half CCM Low output peak current
Bridge Low output ripple (Cout lower than Flyback)
Recovery time rectifier losses (not symmetrical)

Feedback loop difficult to stabilize – 2nd order
system (2 poles and right half plane zero)
High power capability

ZVS of HB MOSFETs & ZCS of output diodes:
No switching losses @ on, very low @ off
CCM High operating frequency
L6599 RES LLC
DCM No recovery losses of output diode
Very high noise immunity
Complexity
Feedback loop difficult to stabilize
Peak current (RMS) in rectifiers and switches
Output ripple
08/11/07 – REV. 2
75
Application Summary
PWM AC-DC Adapters from 70 to 120W, High End Consumer

L6566A
QR LCD TVs and Monitors (20 to 28”), SPMS for Printers > 70W, Auxiliary
PWM AC-DC Adapters from 25 to 70W, Low End Consumer

L6566B
QR LCD TVs and Monitors < 20”, SPMS for Printers < 70W, Auxiliary
High Power AC-DC Adapters > 90W

High Output Current SMPS
Multiple output SMPS
L6591 PWM
SMPS for Audio applications > 75W
ATX Desktop PCs (80+, 85+ initiative)
High Power AC-DC Adapters > 90W

SMPS for Video application – LCD/PDP TVs > 28”
L6599 RES High Output Voltage SMPS
Servers (90+ initiative)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
76
Robustness and effectiveness SMPS…..
HIGH PERFORMANCES LOW CONSUMPTION HIGH RELIABILITY LOW COMPONENTS COUNTS ADVANCED TECNOLOGY HIGH PERFORMANCES LOW
CONSUMPTION
…..with VIPer +
VIPer+ introduces:
• AGGRESSIVE stand-by losses
• ROBUSTNESS power section and high level protection
• REDUCTION of total SMPS components count and EASY SMPS
design
• PORTFOLIO differentiation: better TAILORED to specific
applications
Road Map and market
08/11/07 – REV. 2
78
VIPer+ introduces: +differentiation
FIXED FREQUENCY QUASI RESONANT
30W Ω
1Ω
GND DRAIN
Extension N: DIP7 package
VDD DRAIN
GND DRAIN VIPer35
Extension D: SO16N ZCD
VDD
VIPer37 DRAIN
package FB
2009 BR
CONT
FB
2009 BR
GND DRAIN
ON-Resistance
GND DRAIN
VDD VIPER25x DRAIN
GND DRAIN
VDD VIPER28x DRAIN
N GND 2009 ZCD N
VIPER25x
Power
VDD VIPER27x DRAIN CONT DRAIN

FB D BR
CONT N VIPER28x VDD DRAIN
VIPER27x
FB EPT VIPer26
D
FB D BR LIM
FB COMP GND DRAIN
VDD VIPER15x DRAIN

GND DRAIN
ZCD N
GND DRAIN
VDD DRAIN VIPER15x
VIPER17x FB BR
VDD DRAIN D
CONT N VIPER16x
LIM N
FB VIPER17x BR
D FB VIPER16x COMP
D
0W Ω
20Ω
Brown out protection Peak power Self supply without Zero Current Detection
capability auxiliary winding
Brown out protection
Buck and buck-
boost converters
* VIPER16xD, VIPER28xD, VIPER15xD: engineering samples available on request
* VIPER27xD, VIPER25xD, VIPER25xN: engineering samples on Q2/2009
08/11/07 – REV. 2
79
POWER SECTION: 800V avalanche rugged
20 Ohm 7 Ohm
VIPer+ selection () 400mA 400mA 400mA 700mA 700mA 700mA 800mA
VIPER1 VIPER1 VIPER1 VIPER2 VIPER2 VIPER2 VIPER2
5 6 7 5 6 7 8
Fixed Frequency PWM current mode controller √ √ √
Quasi Resonant PWM current mode controller √ √
Fixed frequency PWM current mode controller with embedded
√ √
EA
Limiting Drain current with adjustable set point √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Fixed frequency ( 60kHz or 115kHz ) with JITTERING √ √ √ √ √
Advanced Stand-by management √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Automatic Autorestart after fault √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Advanced Over Load and short circuit management √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Accurate Over Voltage Protection √ √ √ √ √
Open loop failure detection √ √
Feed Forward Compensation √ √
On board soft start up √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Hysteretic Thermal shut-down √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Brown-out protection √ √
Extra Power Timer for Peak Power management √
Eliminates bias winding supply √
Packages DIP7 & SO16N DIP7 & SO16N
Maximum output power with European range up to 10W up to 20W
08/11/07 – REV. 2
80
800V avalanche rugged
20 Ohm 7 Ohm
VIPer+ selection (by SMPS topology)
400mA 400mA 400mA 700mA 700mA 700mA 800mA
VIPER1 VIPER1 VIPER1 VIPER2 VIPER2 VIPER2 VIPER2
5 6 7 5 6 7 8
Buck converter √ √
Buck-Boost converter √ √
Fly-back isolated converter √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Fly-back primary regulation converter √ √ ☺ √ √ √ ☺ √ √
Fly-back non isolated converter √ √ ☺ √ √ √ ☺ √ √
up to 10W up to 20W
Home Consumer Metering Lighting

Battery
appliances equipments equipments
Charger
2-10W 5-40W 4-8W 4-6W 2-8 Leds
VIPer17 VIPer17 VIPer16 VIPer16 VIPer16

VIPer16 VIPer27 VIPer17 VIPer17 VIPer17
VIPer27
VIPer28 VIPer27 VIPer15 VIPer27
VIPer28
VIPer15 VIPer28 VIPer28
VIPer15
VIPer16 VIPer15 VIPer15
VIPer53x
08/11/07 – REV. 2
81
New double chip approach helps in flexibility
High voltage start up
DRAIN
VDD Out Out
On-Off On/Off
BR
BCD6
CONT CONTROL
Gate Gate SuperMESH ,
Mixed Signal Sense Sense
FB Tmp1 Tmp1
800V avalanche rugged
Gnd Gnd1
GND
Temperature sensor
08/11/07 – REV. 2
82
VDD pin
• HV start up current generator

GND DRAIN
VIPer17
(typ, 3mA or 600uA after a fault) VDD DRAIN
VIPer27
• Start up threshold (typ, 14V) Aux CONT / ZCD
VIPer28
winding VIPer15
• Auto-restart threshold (typ, 4.5V) FB BR/EPT
VIPer25
• Turn-off threshold (typ, 8.5V)
• VDD from 8.5V to 23V (with clamp)
• VDS START 80V
VDD
VDD
ON 3 mA 0.6 mA
VDD OFF
VDD RESTART
time
08/11/07 – REV. 2
83
VDD
PIN functionalities
• HV Current Source:
enabled only if V(DRAIN)>VDRAIN START (50V typ.)
GND DRAIN
IDDch1 (typ, 1mA): during start up
VDD
IDDch2 (typ, 10mA) during steady state VIPer16 DRAIN
IDDc
LIM
h
• Three VDD thresholds:
VDDon (typ, 13V): Start Up threshold FB COMP
VDDoncs (typ, 10.5V): Current Source ON
threshold
VDDoff (typ, 7V): Switching OFF threshold
VDD
Switching ON
VDDon
V(DRAIN) < VDRAIN_START
VDDCSon
VDDoff
Switching OFF
IDDch2
time
IDDch1
08/11/07 – REV. 2
84
FB pin
• Loop compensation for PWM operations GND DRAIN

VIPer17
• Over load protection VDD VIPer27 DRAIN
CONT / ZCD VIPer28

• Burst mode sensing
VIPer15
FB
BR/EPT
VIPer25
µA
3µ
CF
B
IDRAIN OLP
IDLIM Shut down
Over load
4.8V − 3.3V
CFB ×
50 mW delay
VFB
OLP
delay =
3µA
Burst mode
VFB_OLP
light load
VFB_LIN
ID_BM drain current is
depending
t
from the load
VFB
VFB_b VFB_li VFB_olp
VFB_bm-VFB_bm_hys
m n
08/11/07 – REV. 2
85
CONT pin
• Adjustment of the current limit set point
default value when the pin is floating (or GND DRAIN
RLIM>100kOhm)
VDD VIPer17 DRAIN
DAUX ROVP
• Over voltage protection (OVP) CONT VIPer27
with digital filter for noise immunity VIPer28
Auxiliary RLIM FB
winding BR/EPT
IDLIM default value

VIPER17 400mA
VIPER27 700mA 1.2 1.1
1
VIPER28 800mA
IDLIM Normalized@ 100 kOhm
1 0.9
IDLIM normalized@25°C
0.8
0.8 0.7
0.6
IDLIM ± 5% 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
TJ 27°C 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1
0
IDLIM ± 10% 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 -25 25 75 125
RLIM [kOhm ] Temperature [°C]

TJ from -25°C to 125°C
08/11/07 – REV. 2
86
ZCD pin (only for quasi-resonant VIPer15 & 25)
• Zero Current Detection GND DRAIN
• Line feed-forward compensation DAUX

VDD VIPer15 DRAIN
RFF
ZCD VIPer25
• Current Limit set point (IDLIM)
Auxiliary
• Output over voltage protection (OVP)

winding
RLIM FB BR
VDS VDS VDS
t t t
TON TFW TV
Tosc Tosc Tosc
Pin = Pin'
(limit condition) Pin = Pin'' < Pin' Pin = Pin''' < Pin''
QR operation with top frequency limited

Feed forward compensation
2.5 fosc
2 system not Input voltage

compensated
Pinlim @ Vinmin
Valley-skipping
Pinlim @ Vin
1.5
fsw mode
1 system optimally Burst-mode

compensated
Quasi-resonant mode
0.5
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
0
Vin 0 Pinmax
Vinmin Pin
08/11/07 – REV. 2
87
EPT pin (Only VIPer28)
GND DRAIN
V (EPT)
VDD DRAIN
VEPT(STOP)
VIPer28
CONT
Operations restarts here
VEPT(RESTART) EPT
FB
5u
A
CEPT
Extra Power Timer for extra power capability

IDlim = 800mA
IDlim_EPT = 85% IDLIM
When IDRAIN is higher then IDlim_EPT a delay time starts: the time depends from CDOVL
After the delay time if the over load is still present the converters is switched OFF
08/11/07 – REV. 2
88
BR pin (only VIPer17, 27, 15 &25)
BROWN OUT PROTECTION VINDC

GND VIPer17 DRAIN
Switching is stopped* if the BR pin voltage (VBR) VDD VIPer27

DRAIN
VIPer15
fall down the VBRTH threshold (450mV, typ CONT / ZCD
VIPer25
value). BR
FB
Double VBRTH hysteresis: current and voltage.
VINDC Feature
Brown in
VIN(ON)
STOP CONVERSION WITH LOW INPUT VOLTAGE
VIN(OFF) Brown out Advantages
FSW = 60 KHz FSW = 0 KHz FSW = 60 KHz 1) Reduce the RMS current
2) Monotonic output voltage during the turn off
* Function is disabled if BR is connected to GND.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
89
VIPer16
Innovation and
functionalities
Solutions for replacement of capacitive power supply
Auxiliary power supply for: Home appliances, Power metering, LED drivers
• 800V avalanche rugged power section

Wide range DC
input high voltage DRAIN DRAIN COMP
- VIPER16
• Frequency jitterring for low EMI

GND VDD LIM FB
+
DC output voltage
• Two operating fixed frequency: 60 or 115 kHz
-
• Automatic self-supply
• Limiting current with adjustable set point
• Safe auto restart after a fault condition
• Hysteretic thermal shutdown
• Advanced protections: over load and feedback loop failure
08/11/07 – REV. 2
90
Buck-Boost converter
Innovation and
functionalities
GND DRAIN
VDD DRAIN
VIPer16
LIM
Feedback loop FB COMP

Loop compensation
D0
+ FUSE
AC input voltage C2 C3
GND DRAIN
DRAIN
VDD FB
RFB1
LIM
RFB2
GND D1
C1
COMP
CCOM
RLIM P
RCOM D2
P
+
LOUT COUT DC output
voltage
-
08/11/07 – REV. 2
91
Fly-back converter, nonisolated
Innovation and
functionalities
GND DRAIN
VDD DRAIN
VIPer16
LIM
Feedback loop FB COMP

Loop compensation
D0
+ FUSE
+
AC input voltage C2 C3 COUT DC output
voltage
- -
DRAIN
GND
DRAIN RFB1
VDD FB
LIM
RFB2
GND
C1
COMP
CCOM
RLIM P
RCOM
P
08/11/07 – REV. 2
92
Fly-back converter, isolated
Innovation and
functionalities
GND DRAIN
VDD DRAIN
LIM
VIPer16 Loop compensation +
FB to GND FB COMP
Loop feedback
D0
+ FUSE
+
D1
AC input voltage C2 C3 COUT DC output
voltage
- -
DRAIN
GND
DRAIN R1 RUP
VDD FB
LIM
GND
C1
COMP
RLIM
CCOM
P
R C
4 4
RDOWN
08/11/07 – REV. 2
93
Evaluation Boards
Tools
ORDER CODE PART DESCRIPTION APPLICATION INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT

NUMBER NOTE VOLTAGE VOLTAGE CURRENT
STEVAL-ISA060V1 VIPER17HN Off line isolated FLY-BACK AN2753 85-265VAC 12V 500mA
EVALVIPER17L-6W VIPER17LN Off line isolated FLY-BACK AN2803 85-265VAC 12V 500mA
EVLVIP17-5WCHG VIPER17HN Off line isolated FLY-BACK for TBD 85-265VAC 5V 1A

Battery Charger
STEVAL-ISA058V1 VIPER17LN High performance VIPER17LN TBD (draft 85-265VAC 5V 1A

Demo (Low consumption in Stand-
document)
by and low low Load).
STEVAL-ILL017V1 VIPER17HN Off line non isolated FLY-BACK for AN2811 220VAC 7V max 500mA
constant current LED driver ±20%
EVLVIPER28H-10W VIPER28HN Off line isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 5V 2.4A
EVLVIPER28L-10W VIPER28LN Off line isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 5V 2.4A
EVLVIPER16H- VIPER16HN Off line non isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 16V 250mA
4WFN
EVLVIPER16L-4WFN VIPER16LN Off line non isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 16V 250mA
EVLVIPER16H-4WFL VIPER16HN Off line isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 16V 250mA
EVLVIPER16L-4WFL VIPER16LN Off line isolated FLY-BACK TBD 85-265VAC 16V 250mA
TBD VIPER16LN Buck converter with ultra input AN_TBD (draft 85-500VAC +12V, +5V 150mA (total)
wide range document
available)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
94
Power & Analog
program
European
Multi System Market
Competence Center
– SMPS
– Lighting
– Analog driven
• HID
– DC / DC driven
– Offline driven
– Display control
08/11/07 – REV. 2
96
High Efficiency Monolithic Switching
Regulators to suit different markets
Major area of focus: enlarge product portfolio for: Industrial,
Consumer, Peripheral, Telecom and Battery powered
equipments
Computer & Peripherals: Printers, Mouse

Ext./Int. Data storage L497x, L597x, L598x
Peripheral
Office/Home entertainment:
PDP/LCD TV Monitors L497x, L597x, L598x
STB, DVD, Games
Consumer
Hand-Held Equipment:
PDA, MP3, DSC, GPS L692x
Automotive L497x, L597x, L598x

Power train, car body, PLC, PLA
& Industrial A597x
XDSL Modems
Data- Video Phone L597x, L598x
Com.
WLess Access point
08/11/07 – REV. 2
97
L497x family
Up to 3.5A available both in DIP and SO packages
Wide voltage input range (8V up to 55V) and
output range (0.5V up to 50V)
Internal current limit
Inhibit pin* L4973
L4973 3.5A / up to 300 KHz
SO20 & DIP18
OVP*
L4978
L4978 2A / up to 300 KHz
External reference**
DIP8 & SO16W
L4971
L4971 1.5A / up to 300 KHz
Suggested for new projects
When L4976
L4976 1A / up to 300 KHz
Vin>36V and Iout>2A
Device Package Ipk [A] Iout [A] Vin (V) Vout (V) Fsw [KHz] Extra functions
L4976 DIP8, SO16W 1.5 1 8V to 55V 0.5 to 50 up to 300 Vref
L4971 DIP8, SO16W 2 1.5 8V to 55V 3.3 to 50 up to 300 Inhibit
L4978 DIP8, SO16W 2.5 2 8V to 55V 3.3 to 50 up to 300 Inhibit
L4973 v.3.3 DIP18, SO20 4 3.5 8V to 55V 0.5 to 50 up to 300 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
L4973 v.5 DIP18, SO20 4 3.5 8V to 55V 5.1 to 50 up to 300 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
* all but L4976 , **L4976 and L4973
DIP18 & SO20 DIP8 & 08/11/07

SO16W – REV. 2
98
L497x: Application Circuits
L4971/78 L4976
L4973
08/11/07 – REV. 2
99
L497x Promotional Tools
P/N Datasheet Application note Evaluation Board

L4976 available - -
L4971 available AN937 EVAL4971
L4978 available AN1061 EVAL4971
L4973 available AN938, AN1126 EVAL4973
08/11/07 – REV. 2
100
L597x Family
More than 2A in small SO8 package with HSOP8 L5973D
L5973D 2A /250KHz
minimum external component count
P-channel power MOS: no bootstrap L5973AD
L5973AD 1.5A / 500KHz
capacitor
Wide input voltage range (4.4V up to 36V) L5972D
L5972D 1.5A / 250KHz
SO8
High switching frequency
(250KHz/500KHz, sync up to 700KHz*) L5970AD
L5970AD 1A / 500KHz
Inhibit pin*
Embedded protection features L5970D
L5970D 1A / 250 KHz
Typ RDSon=250mΩ
When
Vin>18V
L5970D SO8 1.5 1 4.4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 250 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
L5970AD SO8 1.5 1 4.4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 500 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
L5972D SO8 2 1.5 4.4V to 36V 1.23V to Vin 250 -
L5973AD HSOP8 2 1.5 4.4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 500 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
L5973D HSOP8 2.5 2 4.4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 250 Inhibit, Vref, Sync
* all but L5972D

SO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 115C/W
HSO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 40C/W Rth j-
j-amb 62C/W for L5972D
08/11/07 – REV. 2
101
L597x: Test Application Circuit
08/11/07 – REV. 2
102
L6902D Key Features
1A in small SO8 package with minimum external

component count
P-channel power MOS: no bootstrap capacitor
Wide input voltage range (8V up to 36V)
Adjustable current limit (VCS+ - VCS-=100mV) SO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 115°
115°C/W
High switching frequency (250KHz)
External VREF available
Embedded protection features
OVP available when driving LED
08/11/07 – REV. 2
103
L597x promotional tools
Application Evaluation
P/N Datasheet
note board
L5970D available AN1330 EVAL5970D
L5970AD available --
L5973AD available AN1723 EVAL5973AD
L6902D available Data brief
DEMO BOARD: EVAL6902D
08/11/07 – REV. 2
104
L598x Family
L5947/A*
L5947/A* 3A / up to 1MHz
Up to 3A in small QFN3x3-8L or HSOP8 package
with minimum external component count HSOP8
QFN8 3x3 L5987/A
L5987/A 3A / up to 1MHz
Wide input voltage range (2.9V up to 18V) L5986/A
L5986/A 2.5A / up to 1MHz
High switching frequency (250KHz, adjustable up to
1MHz) with Synchronization capability (180°out of L5945/A*
L5945/A* 2A / up to 1MHz
phase)
L5985
L5985 2A / up to 1MHz
Internal Soft-start QFN8 3x3
Inhibit pin L5983
L5983 1.5A / up to 1MHz
Suitable for MLCC output filter L5981
L5981 1A / up to 1MHz
Typ RDSon=140mΩ
L5980
L5980 0.7A / up to 1MHz

When Vin<18V
* Low cost versions with cheaper testing procedure
Device Package Ipk [A] Iout [A] Vin [V] Vout [V] Fsw Extra Functions
[kHz]
L5980 QFN3x3-8L 1 0.7 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5981 QFN3x3-8L 1.5 1 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5983 QFN3x3-8L 2 1.5 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5985 QFN3x3-8L 2.5 2 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5986/A QFN3x3-8L / HSOP8 3 2.5 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5987/A QFN3x3-8L / HSOP8 3.5 3 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
QFN 3x3 8L - Rth j-

j-amb 60°
60°C/W HSO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 40°
40° C/W
08/11/07 – REV. 2
105
L598x Application Test Circuit
L1
VIN=2.9V to 18V OUT
Vout=0.6V to VCC
VCC
8 1
INH SYNCH D1
3 2 Cout
GND
L598x
R1
7 FB
Cin
5
6 4
R3 C3
FSW COMP
C5
R2
08/11/07 – REV. 2
106
L598x Promotional tools
P/N Datasheet with App. info Evaluation Board
L5980 Available EVAL5980
Evaluation board available also for the” A” versions as:

EVAL5945A, EVAL5986A, EVAL5987A and EVAL5947A
SPREAD SHEET:
to dimension output filter
to compensate the loop
to estimate Tj and
efficiency
Now available on request
08/11/07 – REV. 2
107
A597x Key Features
More than 2A in small SO8 package with
minimum external component count B5973D
B5973D 2A /250KHz
HSOP8 A5973D
A5973D 2A /250KHz
High switching frequency (250KHz/500KHz,
synch up to 700KHz*) A5973AD
A5973AD 1.5A / 500KHz
Inhibit pin*
A5972D
A5972D 1.5A / 250KHz
Embedded protection features SO8
All Parameters tested over the -40°C to + 125°C
A5970AD
A5970AD 1A / 500KHz
junction temperature range
BURN-IN test for high reliability (B5973D)
A5970D
A5970D 1A / 250 KHz
Suggested for new
Automotive projects
Device Package Ipk (A) Iout (A) Vin (V) Vout (V) Fsw (kHz) Tj Operating Extra functions
A5970D SO8 1.5 1 4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 250 -40°
40°C to +150°
+150°C Inhibit, Vref, Sync
A5970AD SO8 1.5 1 4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 500 -40°
40°C to +150°
A5972D SO8 2 1.5 4V to 36V 1.23V to Vin 250 -40°
40°C to +150°
+150°C -
A5973AD HSOP8 2 1.5 4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 500 -40°
40°C to +150°
A5973D HSOP8 2.5 2 4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 250 -40°
40°C to +150°
B5973D HSOP8 2.5 2 4V to 36V 0.5V to Vin 250 -40°
40°C to +150°
*all but A5972D

SO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 115°
115° C/W
HSO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 40°
40° C/W Rth j-
j-amb 62°
62° C/W for L5972D
qualified
The A597x family is tailored for Automotive applications, qualif ied following the AEC-
AEC-Q100*
specifications
*PPAP available
08/11/07 – REV. 2for details
108
A597x Customers & Applications
MAJOR CUSTOMERS MAJOR APPLICATIONS

ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING
TRANSMISSION & POWER TRAIN
CAR INFOTAINMENT
ANTI-LOCK SYSTEM
LIGHTING
DOOR & WINDOW CONTROL
08/11/07 – REV. 2
109
Few examples…
L5973D in integrated navigation system
A597xD rear camera

Modules and lighting
Modules
A5973D/AD in integrated
navigation systems
L5970D in integrated
navigation systems
And car audio
B5973D in electronic control

unit for active steering
08/11/07 – REV. 2
110
A597x: Application Circuit Example
L1 15uH
VIN=4V to 36V Vout=3.3V
OUT
VCC 1
8
COMP SYNCH
4 2 D1 R1
C4 A597xD
STPS340U 5k6
22nF B5973D
FB C2
C1 330uF
5
100uF 6 6.3V
7 3
IRMS=1A
C3 R3 VREF
GND INH R2
220pF 3.3V
4k7 3k3
08/11/07 – REV. 2
111
A6902D Key Features
1A in small SO8 package with minimum external component count
High switching frequency (250KHz)
External VREF available
Operates over the -40°C to +125°C junction temperat ure range
SO8 - Rth j-
j-amb 115°
115°C/W
The A6902D is tailored for Automotive applications,

qualified following the AEC-
AEC-Q100* specifications
*PPAP available for details
08/11/07 – REV. 2
112
A6902D: Application Circuit Example
VIN=8V to 36V 15uH R4=100 mhom

Vcc VOUT
OUT
8 1
VREF D1 STPS2L25U
3.3V 6
A6902D 2 CS+ R1=7K5
COMP 3 CS-
C1 C4=22nF
4
7 5 FB
C2
100uF
IRMS=500mA GND 100uF
C3=220pF 10V
R2=3K
R3=4.7K
08/11/07 – REV. 2
113
L692x Key Features
Very small packages L6924U
L6924U up to 1A
Internal synchronous Li-
Li-Ion BATT QFN3x3 16L
switch CHARGER
L6924D
L6924D up to 1A
Small number of external
components
1A (switch) up
Micro power consumption TSSOP8 L6920D
L6920D to 1MHz
High efficiency BOOST
0.8A (switch)
Short circuit protection, MSOP8 L6920DB
L6920DB up to 1MHz
OVP, thermal shutdown
MSOP8 800mA up to
Battery detection L6928
L6928 2MHz
800mA up to
Suggested for Portable STEP-
STEP-DOWN L6926
L6926 1.4MHz
QFN3x3 8L
application
800mA up to
L6925
L6925 1.4MHz
Device Package Type Ipk [A] Iout [A] Vin [V] Vout [V] Fsw [KHz] Extra functions
L6920D TSSOP8 SU 1 0.5 0.6 - 5.5 2 - 5.2 up to 1000 LBI&LBO, Vref, SHDN
L6920DB MSOP8 SU 0.8 0.4 0.6 - 5.5 1.8- 5.2 up to 1000 LBI&LBO, Vref, SHDN
L6925D MSOP8 SD 1.2 0.8 2.7 - 5.5 0.6 - Vin 600 UVLO2.7V, LBI&LBO
L6926 MSOP8 SD 1.2 0.8 2 - 5.5 0.6 - Vin 600 PGOOD, RUN, SYNC
L6926Q1 QFN3x3-8L SD 1.2 0.8 2 - 5.5 0.6 - Vin 600 PGOOD, RUN, SYNC
L6928D MSOP8 SD 1.2 0.8 2 - 5.5 0.6 - Vin 1400 PGOOD, RUN, SYNC
L6928Q1 QFN3x3-8L SD 1.2 0.8 2 - 5.5 0.6 - Vin 1400 PGOOD, RUN, SYNC
TSSOP8 MSOP8
QFN3x3
08/11/07 – REV. 2
114
L692x: Application Circuits
L6926/8
L6920D/DB
L6925
L6924D
08/11/07 – REV. 2
115
L6924x Key Features
Fully integrated solution, with a power MOSFET, reverse blocking
diode, sense resistor, and thermal protection
Both linear and quasi-pulse operation
Closed loop thermal control
Vin from 2.5V to 12V
USB BUS-compatible (L6924U)
Programmable charge current up to 1A
Programmable charge current up to 500 mA in USB mode (L6924U)
Programmable pre-charge current (L6924D)
Support for USB high and low power input (L6924U)
Programmable end-of-charge current
Programmable pre-charge voltage threshold (L6924D)
Programmable charge timer
Programmable output voltage at 4.1V and4.2V, with ±1% output
voltage accuracy (L6924D)
NTC or PTC thermistor interface for battery temperature monitoring
and protection
Flexible charge process termination (L6924D)
Full set of default charging parameters
QFN3x3 16L
Status outputs to drive LEDs or to interface with a host processor
Small VFQFPN 16-leads package (3mm x 3mm)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
116
L692x promotional tools
Datashe Application Evaluation
P/N
et note board
L6920D Available -- EVAL6920D
L6920DB Available AN2206 EVAL6920DB1
L6924D Available -- EVAL6924D
L6924U Available -- EVAL6924U
L6925 Available AN1893 On request *
4.5 cm
L6926 Available AN1881 EVAL6926
L6928 Available AN2115 EVAL6928
* please refer to the I&PC division application lab
L6924D L6925D/26/28D 4 cm
9 mm
7.2 mm
12 mm
12.5 mm
08/11/07 – REV. 2
117
NEW COMERS!!!
Soon in Mass Production
08/11/07 – REV. 2
118
Suggested in new projects
only when:
Vin<18V
Iout>3A
08/11/07 – REV. 2
119
L5988-9D Key Features
Up to 4A in small HTSSOP 16 package with minimum
external component count For an higher
EFFICIENCY
Synchronous rectification with P-channel power MOS: no SYNCH. RECT.
bootstrap capacitor
Wide input voltage range (2.9V up to 18V)
High switching frequency (400KHz, adjustable up to
1MHz)
Adjustable Soft-start and Inhibit function L5989D
L5989D up to 4A /
Embedded over current (adjustable threshold), over HTSSOP16
up to 1MHz
voltage and thermal protection L5988D
L5988D
PGood signal (L5989D) Synchronization capability(180°
out of phase) (L5988D)
Pre-bias start-up capability
Multifunction pin (adjustable UVLO, latched/no latched ES available
OVP and sink-mode capability) Mass Prod. End Q1-’09
1.8v ± 2% reference voltage
Suitable for MLCC output filter
Typ RDSon=75mΩ for HS and 65mΩ for the LS
L5988D HTSSOP 16 5 4 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 400 Synchronization
L5989D HTSSOP 16 5 4 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 400 Pgood
HTSSOP 16 - Rth j-
j-amb 40°
40°C/W
08/11/07 – REV. 2
120
L5988D Application Test Circuit
FSW ILIM-ADJ
VIN= 2.9V to 18V L1 VOUT= 0.6V to Vcc

VCC VOUT
VREF
L5988D FB
Cin
COM
P Cout
O/U/S SS/INH GND

Css
08/11/07 – REV. 2
121
PM668x: dual step-down controller NEW
• Vin Range: 4.5V to 36V Package: QFN32 5x5
EN1 SHDN
• Frequency selectable 200kHz to 500kHz EN2
SKIP
Pgood1
• SENSORLESS Current sense (LS Logic FSEL
Pgood2
MOSFET RDSON) VREF
• Protections: UVL, OVP, ILIM, Power
Good 5V
200mA LDO
• PLUS: Internal Soft Start, Power Good,
Vbatt Vbatt
Soft Off discharge COUT 0.9V to 3.3V
0.9V to 5V
Adj
Adj
• LINEAR REGULATOR:
Ctrl1 Ctrl2
– 5V -200mA peak
• Excel worksheet available to facilitate

the design
PN VOUT # (SW +LDO) VOUTSW 1 VOUTSW 2 VOUTLDO ILDO VIN range package
PM6680 2+1 Adj. Adj. 5V 200mA Up to 28V QFN 5x5
PM6680A 2+1 Adj. Adj. 5V 200mA Up to 36V QFN 5x5
PM6685 2+2 3.3V 5V (1)3.3V + (2)5V 100mA up to 28V QFN 5x5
08/11/07 – REV. 2
122
PM6680A: application NEW
STEVAL-PSQ001V1: PM6680A + L5970A - System

Supply Board for FPGA and MPU
STM6719 Reset signal
Input
E/D analog
5-36V
Analog
L5970AD 5V analog 500mA
LK112M
Input 3.3V analog 150mA
protection 33
Output 3
L5970AD Vsys 3.3V 400mA
Skip mode KF25 Vaux 2.5V 400mA
settings
E/D Vsys + Vaux

Output 2
Vi/o 0.9 – 3.3V 2A
PM6680A FB Vi/o Vi/o voltage settings

Vcore
Vi/o Output 1
Vcore 0.9 – 2.5V 4A
E/D + start up sequence
settings FB Vcore Vcore voltage settings
08/11/07 – REV. 2
123
STxS0yy family NEW
Single / dual synchronous rectification with reset or
inhibit
DEVICE IOUT(A) VOUT (V) VIN(V) Fsw(MHz) Note
ST1S03 1.5 Adj from 0.8V to 2.7 to 6V 1.5

12V
ST1S06 Adj from 0.8V to SR
1.5 2.5 to 7V 1.5
ST1S06A 5.5V I + SR
4.5 to 5.5V PG
ST1S09 2 Adj from 0.8 to 5V 1.5
2.7 to 5.5V I
Ext Synch from
ST1S10 3 Adj from 0.8 to 15V 2.5 to 18V 1 0.4Mhz to
1.2MHz
ST2S06A From 2.5 to Ro
0.5+0.5 Adj from 0.8 to 5V 1.5
ST2S06B 5.5V I
I= Inhibit PG= Power Good SR = Synchronous Rectification

Ri,o=Reset input, output
08/11/07 – REV. 2
124
STxS0yy family – typ application NEW
• Single output
• Current mode with internal 1.5A
power switch.
• Internal compensation.
• Switching frequency reduction in
light load condition (<250mA typ.)
• Soft Start
• Thermal Shut down Tj=150°C
• Cycle-by-cycle Current Limiting
• Dual output
• Current mode with internal
0.5A power switch.
• Internal compensation.
• Soft Start
• Thermal Shut down Tj=150°C
• Cycle-by-cycle Current
Limiting
08/11/07 – REV. 2
125
ST1S09/09I
2A Step-Down DC-DC Converter with internal
Synchronous Rectification and Power Good
Main Characteristics:
DFN – 6L
Switching Frequency: 1.5MHz 3x3
Output Current Capability: 2A max over all operating conditions
Output Voltage: Adjustable from 0.8V or 1.2, 1.5,1.8, 2.5, 3, 3.3V
Fixed Output Voltages under customer request
Max Operating input Voltage: 5.5V
Soft-Start circuit to reduce inrush current
Efficiency: up to 95%
Fast Transient Response ST1S09
Short Circuit and Thermal Protection
Power-on Delay (50-100µs)
QFN 3x3mm Package Type
ST1S09 with Power Good Function (on PIN 6)
ST1S09I with Inhibit Function (on PIN6)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
126
ST1S10
3A Step-Down DC-DC with Synchronous Rectification
Main Characteristics:
• PWM fixed frequency 900KHz. It can be ext synch from 0.4 to
1.2MHz
• Output Current Capability: 3A max over all operating
conditions
• Output Voltage: Adjustable from 0.8V feedback voltage
• Ceramic Capacitors and small Inductor
• 3.3V, 5V Fixed Output Voltages under customer request
• Max Operating Input voltage up to 18V L1
VIN up to 20V Vout – 3A
• Soft-Start circuit to reduce inrush current VIN LX
C1 C1
ST1S10
• Efficiency: up to 90% 10µF
EN
22µF
FB
• Fast Transient Response
GND
• Available with logic control Electronic

Shutdown
• SO8-EP and DFN 4*4 6L 08/11/07 – REV. 2
127
ST1S12
0.7A, Full PWM, Step-Down DC-DC with Synchronous Rectification
Main Characteristics: -
SOT23-5L
• PWM fixed frequency 1.7MHz.
• Output Current Capability: 0.7A max
over all operating conditions
• Output Voltage: Adjustable from 0.6V or
fixed (1V to 3.3V under customer
request)
• Input Voltage: from 2.5V to 6V
• Ceramic Capacitors and small Inductor
(2.2uH suggested value)
• Soft-Start circuit to reduce inrush
current
• Efficiency: up to 93%
• Fast Transient Response
• Logic control Electronic Shutdown
• SOT23-5L Package 128
08/11/07 – REV. 2
ST2S06
Dual ADJ Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Reset/Inhibit
Main characteristics: Typical

• Adjustable Output Voltage: from 0.8V to 5V Applications:
• DC-DC Switching Frequency: 1.5MHz
• Output Current 1: up to 500mA Optical Storage: CD, DVD-
RW
• Output Current 2: up to 500mA
Hard Disk Drives
• Internal Synchronous Rectification Cameras
• Efficiency up to 95% Video cameras
• Logic Control Electronic Shutdown Cellular phones
• Reset Palmtops
Battery powered
equipments
QFN-8L 4x4mm
08/11/07 – REV. 2
129
ST8R00
1A Synchronous Step-Up DC-DC Converter
Main characteristics:
• Adjustable Output Voltage: from 6V to 12V
• DC-DC Switching Frequency: 1.2MHz or 600Khz
• Output Current: up to 1A
• Internal Synchronous Rectification
• Efficiency up to 90% (Output set to 9V)
• Logic Control Electronic Shutdown
• True Shutdown
QFN-8L
4x4mm
08/11/07 – REV. 2
130
L6726 / L6727 / L6728: PWM controllers
• Minimum part count conversion from 5V / 12V bus
(Vin up to 19V) up to higher current
NEW
• High precision regulation (<1%)
• Protection on board:
– Sensor-less OCP
no RSENSE
– Programmable OCP
– Feedback disconnection
• Features:
– Disable & Soft Start
•
to ensure regulation control
• Pin to pin compatible with:
• ISL6520,FAN6520,
• NCP1583, SC2608, etc.
Part Number VINPUT/VOUT range FSW features Package

4.1V to 13.2V/19V(*) VINPUT,
L6726A 270KHz EN, SS, OCP, fixed FSW 270KHz SO8
0.8V min VOUT
4.1V to 19V VINPUT,
L6727 300KHz EN, SS, OVP, UVP, OCP, fixed FSW 300KHz SO8
0.8V min VOUT
4.1V to 13.2V VINPUT, EN, SS, OVP, OCP, PGOOD, fixed FSW
L6728 300KHx DFN10 3x3
0.8V min VOUT 300KHz
08/11/07 – REV. 2
131
PoE: Introduction
• Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a widely adopted
technology used to transfer both data and
electrical power over an RJ-45 cable
• Safely powers devices of up to 13W (IEEE 802.3af)
• New on-going standardization process for
powering devices of up to 60W (IEEE 802.3at),
called PoE+
08/11/07 – REV. 2
132
Powered Device architecture
Option
OptionA:
A:nominal
nominal 48V
48Vsupplied
suppliedthrough
throughDATA
DATAtransformer
transformercenter
centertap
tap
Option
OptionB:
B:Power
Powersourced
sourcedthrough
throughSPARE
SPAREpairs
pairs
08/11/07 – REV. 2
133
PM8800A: PoE interface
• IEEE802.3af Compliant
• 100V, 0.5Ω, 800mA hot-swap MOSFET
• PoE+ Layer2 compatible, allowing power
>12.95W
• Under-Voltage Lockout thresholds
• Programmable Inrush and DC Current
• Signature and classification Resistor
Disconnection
• UVLO override for auxiliary sources <
38.5V
• Inrush and DC protection with auxiliary
sources
• Thermal Overload Protection
08/11/07 – REV. 2
134
PM8800A: Integrated PWM controller
• Internal Start-up Bias

Regulator
• Current Mode Control
• Error Amplifier disabled in
case of optocoupler
connection
• Internal Slope Compensation
• Cycle-by-Cycle Over-Current
Protection
• Leading Edge Blanking
• Programmable Soft-Start
• Programmable Oscillator
freq. y
• Thermal Shutdown
08/11/07 – REV. 2
135
PM8800A: 802.3af IF+PWM ctrl.
- simplified application schematic, isolated configuration -
08/11/07 – REV. 2
136
PM8800A: 802.3af IF+PWM ctrl.
- simplified application schematic, non-isolated configuration -
08/11/07 – REV. 2
137

Aplicatii SMPS Cu Circuite ST

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Power & Analog

BUCK (STEP-DOWN) BOOST (STEP-UP) BUCK / BOOST

VOUT = VIN x D VOUT = VIN / (1-D) VOUT = - VIN x D / (1-D)

VOUT = VIN x D / (N x (1-D)) VOUT = VIN x D x N

SINGLE SWITCH SINGLE SWITCH

DOUBLE SWITCH DOUBLE SWITCH (asymmetrical half-bridge)

PWM CV/CC Controllers

• Power Factor (PF) Concept

• Power Factor Correction (PFC)

P = Active (Real) Power

IRMS1 Q = VRMS · IRMS1 · sin ϕ1

• FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

• COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS

• Concerns harmonic current emission limits for

• Equipment is divided up in 4 classes:

• No limitation is imposed on equipment with input

Class A Class B Class C

• PF=0.999, THD<3% Cin

• On the downstream converter

"CCM" type IL "TM" type

Fixed frequency, duty cycle modulation Variable switching frequency, constant

Inductance is usually higher, saturation Inductance is usually lower, saturation

Reverse-recovery characteristics are Reverse-recovery not invoked: no

Average current-mode: more complex, Peak current-mode: simpler, lower part

CONCLUSION: for Pout<100W definitely TM, for Pout>500W FF-CCM;

P Input voltage Feed-forward

• Suitable for lower power levels (< @150W

• ∆IL/IAC ratio < 1 (typ. 0.2-0.4)

• Suitable for higher power levels (> 250W OFF

– High efficiency (>92%)

• SAMPLES: AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Can manage output power in 1 2 3 5

Input voltage Feed-forward CURRENT

Tracking-boost operation option BUFFER from

THD optimizer UVLO

Feedback disconnection detection 11

ZCD 1.4V STARTER 0.2V

Low Start-up & Quiescent Current MAIN APPLICATIONS:

Bootstrap Diode PFC interface 700V start-up

ON-BOARD HIGH-VOLTAGE START-UP

LATCHED DISABLE FOR OVP/OTP FUNCTION

2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE HI-END AC-DC ADAPTERS

±800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER WITH LCD/CRT MONITORS and

Burst-Mode @ No-load Fix. Freq.

8 C19 100uF-25V 100N

30K 11 5K6 C39 C38

100N SFH617A-4 C37

SKIPADJ SS COMP GND

SELECTABLE QR/FF OPERATION FLEXIBILITY

L6566B FREQ MODULATION EMI REDUCTION

Vcc 5 12 Vcc 5 12 MODE/SC

DIS 8 9 COM DIS 8 9 COMP

MAIN APPLICATIONS: MAIN APPLICATIONS:

Typical System Block Schematics

L6566 is turned off in case ofPFC's OptionalOption:

Programmab Voltage Pulse-by-Pulse OCP &

SELECTABLE QUASI-RESONANT (QR) or FIXED FREQUENCY (FF) OPERATION

LOAD-DEPENDENT CURRENT-MODE CONTROL: QUASI-RESONANT, VALLEY SKIPPING OR

LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (< 3 mA)

LINE FEEDFORWARD FOR CONSTANT POWER CAPABILITY

TRANSFORMER SATURATION DETECTION

2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE EXTERNALLY AVAILABLE

-600/+800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER

IDlim_EPT = 85% IDLIM