Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1º Bachillerato
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Dear Student,
The aim of this notebook is to help you prepare for the September exam and to
improve your English knowledge during these holidays.
You will find three different sections in this notebook: vocabulary, grammar and
revision. You have to work them all through. Do them with the help of your class
notes, and remember to study the lists of irregular verbs, phrasals and vocabulary
(units 1-9) as well. It is also advisable to focus on the exercises done through the
year while studying for your exam.
Your teacher.
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Present simple
We use the present simple to talk about:
• regular habits and routines.
We usually go rollerblading at the weekend.
• permanent situations.
David lives in Manchester.
• scientific facts.
Water boils at 100˚C.
• states, not actions, e.g. like, believe, know.
She doesn’t like chorizo.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about:
• something that is happening now or ‘around now’.
They’re playing tennis at the moment.
• temporary situations.
He’s visiting his grandparents in Ibiza.
• changing or developing situations.
The number of car accidents every year is increasing.
• future arrangements.
She’s going to the cinema this evening.
1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the present simple or present
continuous.
Kim usually visits (visit) her cousins at the weekend. At the moment Linda is working (work)
as a motorcycle courier.
1 Tom ……………… often ……………… (not go) to the Cyber café.
2 Excuse me. ……………… you ……………… (know) how to get to Church Street?
3 What ……………… you ……………… (listen to)?
4 Juan ……………… (work) for the Iberia airline. He’s a pilot.
5 In the summer, the sun ……………… (rise) at five o’clock in the morning.
6 I ……………… (not like) my gym. I ……………… (not get) fit fast enough!
7 Tom and I ……………… (go) to the beach this weekend.
2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present simple or present continuous.
It’s the year 2100. Ben 1……………… (be) a computer programmer and he 2……………… (live) on the
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moon. Every day at 18.00 he 3……………… (finish) work at the space station and 4……………… (go) to
the Matrix café. It’s 18.30 and Ben 5……………… (look out) of the café window at the space cars
flying by. Every day he 6……………… (watch) the same space cars, but today is different. Ben
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……………… (not sit) alone. There 8……………… (be) a girl at his table. She 9……………… (read) a digital
magazine. The girl is very beautiful. She 10……………… (have got) short, orange hair and yellow eyes.
She 11……………… (wear) a green space suit.‘12……………… I ……………… (know) you?’ she asks.‘I
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……………… (not think) so,’ says Ben. ‘I’m Ben. What’s your name?’
3 Write the questions. Use the present simple or present continuous. Then answer them.
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………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 How often / you / go / to the cinema?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 What time / you / usually / get up?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4 What / you / wear / today?
………………………………………………………………………………
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about a finished action in the past.
Mark went to the cinema last night.
Past continuous
We use the past continuous to talk about:
• an action which was in progress at a particular time in the past.
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
• an action in the past that is interrupted by another action
I was walking along the street when someone stole my bag.
It was one o’clock in the morning and I 1 was lying / lay awake in bed. The wind
2
was blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4 heard / was
hearing a loud crash. It 5 came / was coming from downstairs. I 6 got up / was
getting up and 7 switched on / was switching on the light. Everything was quiet and
still. Only the clock in the hallway 8 was ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / was walking
down the stairs when I 10 noticed / was noticing something strange. The front door was
wide open.
5
2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple or past
continuous.
Peter was driving (drive) home when he saw (see) the accident.
1 I ……………… (watch) TV when the phone ……………… (ring).
2 He ……………… (wear) sunglasses when I ……………… (meet) him.
3 She ……………… (fall) asleep while she ……………… (do) her homework.
4 The pop star ……………… (sing) when the lights ……………… (go out).
5 It ……………… (start) to rain when we ……………… (walk) on the beach.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past simple or past continuous.
1
At midnight last night rescue teams ……………… (search) for victims after a giant tornado
2
……………… (hit) Oklahoma and Kansas. The storm flattened more than 5,000 homes and
3
……………… (injure) more than 700 people.
Robert Hensley 4……………… (hide) in his cellar when the tornado 5………………
(destroy) his home. ‘I 6……………… (not come out) until two hours later,’ he said,
‘My house was gone and I 7……………… (not recognize) the street.’
Mary Richardson 8……………… (have) a bath when she 9……………… (hear) the tornado. She
quickly 10……………… (put on) a coat and 11……………… (escape) to the local high school. ‘I
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……………… (run) to the school when the tornado 13……………… (strike) my house,’ she said. ‘It
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……………… (be) a very frightening experience.’
2 Complete the newspaper extracts. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple
or past simple.
Last night a massive tidal wave 1……………… (hit) the coast of Mexico. Over 5,000 people
2
……………… (already / lose) their homes.
Yesterday a girl 3……………… (hand in) a briefcase containing £100,000 to the police. The girl
found the briefcase at Euston railway station.
The cost of living in Britain 4……………… (rise) again. Last year prices in British supermarkets
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……………… (increase) by more than 5 per cent.
3 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple or past simple.
1
…………… you …………… (ever / dream) of being a film star? Leonardo DiCaprio was only five years
old when he 2………….…(star) in his first TV show, and just thirteen when he 3……………… (appear) in
his first film. Since then he 4……………… (not stop) working. He 5……………… (be) in over fifteen films
and he 6……………… (work) with stars such as Robert De Niro and Johnny Depp.
Leonardo 7……………… (be) born in Los Angeles in 1974. After appearing in TV shows, he
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……………… (get) his first film role in Critters 3, then he starred in Romeo and Juliet. But it
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……………… (not be) until Titanic that
he 10……………… (become) a world-famous teen idol. It was then that Leonardo 11……………… (begin) to
appear on magazine covers around the world.
Since Titanic, Leonardo 12……………… (be) very busy. He 13
……………… (already / make) three more
films and 14…………… (just / start) work on another.
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will
We use will to talk about:
• general predictions.
By 2100, most people will live to 130.
• decisions that are made at the moment of speaking (e.g. an offer to do something).
A: Is that the telephone?
B: Yes, it is. I’ll answer it.
going to
We use going to to talk about:
• predictions based on evidence.
Look at that car! It’s going to crash!
• intentions, or plans, where the decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
He’s going to study English at Oxford.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements. We often give the time and/or
place.
I’m meeting Anna in town tomorrow.
1 Complete the conversations. Use the correct form of will or going to.
1 ‘I’ve decided to go to university.’
‘Really? Which subject ……………… you ……………… (study)?’
2 ‘Do you think that computers ……………… (control) our lives in the future?’
‘No, of course not!’
3 ‘Why are you wearing a tracksuit?’
‘I ……………… (play) tennis in the park with David.’
4 ‘It’s very cold in here.’
‘Yes, you’re right. I ……………… (close) the window.’
5 ‘That woman looks very pale.’
‘Yes, I think she ……………… (faint).’
6 ‘Why are you turning on the radio?’
‘I ……………… (listen) to the news.’
7 ‘I can’t work out this maths problem.’
‘I ……………… (help) you with it.’
1 In a hundred years time I think people will live / are living on the moon.
2 Who are you meeting / will you meet this evening?
3 ‘What are you going to wear for the party?’
‘I haven’t decided yet. Maybe I’ll wear / I’m wearing my new jeans.’
4 Greg passed his driving test last week. He told me he’s going to buy / he’ll buy a car.
5 I feel terrible. I think I’ll be / I’m going to be sick.
6 ‘Where are you going for your summer holidays?’
‘I don’t know yet. Perhaps I’ll go / I’m going to go to Torremolinos.’
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3 Choose the correct tenses.
Hi Pablo!
How are you? A lot has happened since I last wrote. The good news is that I’ve passed all my
exams, and 1 I’ll start / I’m starting university in September. 2 I’m going to study / I’ll
study Spanish and Catalan at Middlesex University in London, so 3 I’ll be able to / I’m being
able to write e-mails in Catalan soon! I’ve also got a new boyfriend called Matthew. He’s a year
older than me and he’s really nice.
Next week 4 we’ll go / we’re going to a Blur concert in Manchester. Matthew queued for six
hours for the tickets!Unfortunately 5 I’m not seeing / I won’t see Matthew very often after I
start university. I’ll probably find / I’m probably finding a
flat in London, and 7 he’ll definitely stay / he’s definitely going to stay in Manchester. But
we’re seeing / we’ll see each other at weekends. Are you coming / Will you come and
visit me in London? I hope so.
Love,
Clare
1 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or the future
continuous.
1 This time next week we ……………… (ski) in the French Alps.
2 Greg is taking a year off to travel. By the end of next year he ……………… (visit) seven countries.
3 ‘What will you be doing this time tomorrow?’
‘I ……………… (take) my English exam.’
4 Don’t come round at six o’clock. I ……………… (still / do) my homework. If you want to come round
at seven, you can. I ……………… (finish) it by then.
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5 Jill has accepted a job abroad. This time next month she ……………… (work) in Paris.
6 Next year, I ……………… (live) in this house for ten years.
2 Complete the text. Use the correct form of the future perfect simple or future
continuous.
What 1……………… we ……………… (do) in a hundred years’ time? According to NASA Scientists we
2
……………… (travel) in outer space. By the twenty-second century man 3……………… (develop) a quick
way of getting to the stars, and the first long-distance spaceships 4……………… (leave) Earth.
However, these spaceships won’t be the first to explore outer space. Other spaceships 5………………
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(already / voyage) into the unknown. In fact, the first unmanned ship, Pioneer 10, was launched in
1972. Pioneer 10 will be in space for thousands of years, and in 32,000 years’ time it will pass a star
called Ross 248. By the time Pioneer 10 gets there, man
……………… (already / reach) Ross 248 and 7……………… (colonize) the planets around it. What
8
……………… these humans ……………… (do) when Pioneer 10 passes by? Will they remember that it
was the first spaceship to venture into outer space?
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2 Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t have to / doesn’t have to.
‘It was a difficult thing to do,’ says Julie. ‘And I miss all my friends. But I 2 had to / must make
a choice. Although I 3 don’t have to / mustn’t go to school, I still 4 have to / mustn’t study. I
have a private tutor now. My parents told me I 5 don’t have to / have to take some exams.’
6
‘Most models retire young,’ adds Julie’s mother. ‘So Julie mustn’t / doesn’t have to
forget that she needs qualifications for her next job.’
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But at the moment Julie isn’t worried about the future. ‘Next week I have to / mustn’t go to
New York for a photoshoot,’ she says.
‘I still can’t believe my luck!’
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We use may have, might have, could have, must have and can’t have + past participle to
make deductions about the past.
I’m not sure, but I think Jamie may have
gone home.
Form
must/can’t/might/may/could + infinitive
They might go to France for their holidays, but they haven’t decided yet.
may have, might have, could have, must have and can’t have + past participle
Jenny isn’t in her room. She must have gone out.
2 Read the story. Then rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs.
Mr Smith was an ordinary man. Every day he went to work at nine o’clock and came back at half
past five. Mr Smith was married to Mrs Smith. One day Mrs Smith disappeared. The next day Mr
Smith started planting flowers in his garden. He continued to go to work as usual. Then one day
he didn’t go to work. He left the house at ten o’clock, and came back at two o’clock driving a
new car. The next day Mr Smith moved out. I never saw him again.
Mr Smith ……………………………………
4 I’m certain that he buried something in the garden. (must)
He ……………………………………………
5 Perhaps he won the lottery. (could)
He ……………………………………………
6 I’m sure he bought a new car. (must)
He ……………………………………………
7 Perhaps Mr Smith murdered his wife. (might)
Mr Smith ……………………………………
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First conditional
We use the first conditional to talk about
situations that are possible or likely to happen.
If he finishes his homework, he’ll go to the cinema.
Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about situations which are imaginary or unlikely to
happen.
If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his autograph.
Third conditional
We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary or hypothetical situations in the past.
If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
2 Read the text. Then complete the sentences in the first, second or third conditional.
Use the correct form of the verbs.
Andrew Chance’s mother was horrified when she received her son’s Internet shopping bill.
Thirteen-year-old Andrew had spent nearly £1 million on eMall, an American Internet shopping
site. Andrew used his parents’ password to get into the
site. He then bought a Rolls Royce, a Van Gogh painting and an antique bed. ‘I’m in big trouble,’
the worried teenager said yesterday.
1 If Andrew’s parents ……………… (not buy) him the computer, he wouldn’t have shopped on the
Internet.
2 Andrew would make more friends if he ……………… (spend) less time on the Internet.
3 If his parents ……………… (find out) earlier, Andrew would have spent less money.
4 If Andrew’s mother doesn’t pay, she ……………… (have to) go to prison.
5 Andrew ……………… (not get) into trouble if he hadn’t used his parents’ password.
6 If I ……………… (be) Andrew’s mother, I’d sell his computer.
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2 He may be late, but he can meet us at the Blue Note café.
(First conditional) If he’s ……………………………………………………………………
3 An old woman saw him burgle the house. That’s why he’s in prison.
(Third conditional) If she hadn’t ……………………………………………………………
4 He wants to be rich and famous. Then he’ll be happy.
(Second conditional) If he was ………………………………………………………………
5 Dave fell asleep so he missed the end of
the film. (Third conditional) If he hadn’t ……………...………………………………………………..
The passive
The passive
Use
We use the passive when we don’t know who or what does the action, or when it isn’t
important.
After the car accident, Peter was arrested.
The space shuttle will be launched on 4th July.
We use the active when we know who or what does the action, and it’s important.
After the car accident, the police arrested Peter.
NASA will launch the space shuttle on 4th July.
Form
We use the correct tense of the verb be +
past participle.
These computers are made in Japan.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
The crime will be investigated by the police.
1 Underline the passive verbs. Then rewrite the sentences in the active.
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Stunts
Nowadays, action films are getting more and more spectacular. Many special effects are
added (add) to make the action more realistic. It’s impossible to control the weather during
filming. As a result, weather effects 1……………… often ……………… (create) for the film. For example,
the winter scenes in Young Sherlock Holmes 2……………… (not film) in winter, but in the middle of
summer. The snow 3……………… (make) from polystyrene! Car chases, high-speed crashes, or falls
from high buildings 4……………… (not play) by the stars themselves – they 5……………… (do) by
stuntmen. In Volcano, stuntmen 6……………… (set on fire). However, the actors 7………………
(protect) by several layers of special clothing, so nobody 8……………… (injure). In the future, many
stunts 9……………… (not need). Most effects 10……………… (generate) by computer, so action films
should be safer and easier to make.
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He explained that he was investigating the Loch Ness Monster. He said that every day he
1
……………… . to Loch Ness and 2……………… for the monster to appear. He claimed that he
3
……………… the monster. He said that it 4……………… very foggy and he 5……………… to take a
photograph, but unfortunately his camera 6……………… . He said that he 7……………… it again if he
8
……………… lucky. He admitted that many people 9……………… his job was strange. He said that they
……………… in the Loch Ness monster, but he 11……………… it was out there somewhere.
Reported speech
In reported speech, the verb moves back a tense, e.g. present simple > past simple, present
continuous > past continuous, etc.
‘Are you a student?’ He asked me if I was a student.
‘Is Lisa watching TV?’ She asked me if Lisa was watching TV.
The past perfect tense and modal verbs should, could, might and ought to don’t change in
reported speech.
‘What should I do?’ She asked me what she should do.
Reported questions
We use ask, want to know or wondered to
report questions. We change the interrogative form to the affirmative form, and we put the
subject before the verb.
‘Where are you?’ He wanted to know where I was.
A yes/no question is introduced by if or whether.
‘Can I borrow your bike?’ She wondered if/whether she could borrow my bike.
Reported commands
We use told/asked + object + (not) to + infinitive.
‘Please help me’. He asked her to help him.
‘Don’t shout at me.’ She told him not to shout at her.
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3 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Use the correct form of the verbs from the
box.
4 Gillian read the newspaper then she phoned her friend. Before ……………………
5 They left the disco and went for a coffee. After ………………………
6 Jake has split up with his girlfriend. He’s upset. Jake is upset about …………
A haunted house
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When I was a child I used to spend my holidays at my aunt and uncle’s old country
house. One summer I remember having (have) a strange experience.
It was a hot afternoon, and my cousins suggested 1……………… (play) hide-and-seek.
But instead of 2……………… (go) outside, we decided 3……………… (play) in the attic. After
……………… (turn off) all the lights, we all hid in different places. I managed
5
……………… (hide) behind an old sofa.
Then something odd happened. In the darkness we heard footsteps come into the room. The
footsteps seemed 6……………… (walk) towards the sofa. I wanted 7………………
(move), but I couldn’t. I expected something terrible 8……………… (happen). Then suddenly the
footsteps stopped and the door slammed shut. After 9……………… (wait) for a
few seconds, we jumped up and ran downstairs without 10……………… (stop).
We told my aunt and uncle, but they refused ……………… (believe) us. Mysteriously the
house burned down a year later. The fire started in the attic
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1.- Complete the paragraph with the past form of the verbs.
It …………… (1 rain) as I …………… (2 walk) home so I …………… (3 get) extremely wet. By the
time I …………… (4 arrive) home, my mum …………… (5 put) out some dry clothes for me.
4.- Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect simple form of the
verbs.
1 Tom is very thin. He ……………….. (lose) a lot of weight.
2 I really like your trainers. Where ……………….. (you / buy) them?
3 I ……………….. (not feel) well yesterday, but I’m all right now.
4 How long……………….. (you / have) your new watch?
5 Oh no! We ……………….. (miss) the bus! I can see it down the road.
5.- Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous form of the
verbs.
1 Laura ……………….. (apply) for a part-time job at a restaurant.
2 I don’t think the bus is going to come. We ……………….. (wait) here for half an hour.
3 Mark ……………….. (play) football in the park for hours.
4 She looks terrible because she ……………….. (not sleep) well recently.
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7.- Join the sentences using the correct relative pronoun. Omit the relative pronoun if
possible.
1 Have you listened to the CD? I lent it to you last week.
2 Sam and I had lunch in the restaurant. Lucy works there.
3 Joanna is an interesting person. Her ideas are unusual.
4 This is the brochure. It has all the information.
5 Do you remember that day last winter? We couldn’t go to school because of the snow.
10.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1 While we …………… (sit) in the restaurant, someone started singing ‘Happy Birthday’.
2 Before he went to London, he …………… (never / live) in a big city.
3 Let’s stop for a cup of coffee. We …………… (look) round the shops for three hours.
4 I …………… (buy) some new jeans on Saturday.
5 Sarah is studying medicine. She …………… (want) to be a doctor since she was eight.
13.- Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verb.
1 We’ve decided to leave this hotel. We ……………….. (look) for another one this afternoon.
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2 I’m sure Sarah ……………….. (enjoy) the party tonight because she’s very sociable.
3 I ……………….. (not save) enough money for a new computer by the end of this month.
4 What time ……………….. your bus ……………….. (get) to London tomorrow?
5 Isabel ……………….. (take) her exams next month while we’re on holiday.
17.- Complete each sentence with the correct form of a modal verb.
1 Last year I …………… drive, but I can now.
2 I don’t know when the course starts. It …………… start on Monday or Tuesday.
3 You …………… take something that is not yours. It’s against the law.
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19.- Rewrite these sentences in the passive. Omit the agent if possible.
1 Companies do not advertise tobacco on British television.
2 One of our friends has designed our new house.
3 Television mustn’t replace other leisure activities.
4 The channel will show this programme again on Thursday.
5 People did not introduce these new rules until last year.
23.- Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb.
1 ‘Is Adam busy tomorrow?’
‘Yes. He ……………….. (work) in the sports shop all day.’
2 ‘Oh, no. We haven’t got any milk.’ ‘I ……………….. (get) some for you.’
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30.- Complete the sentences with a reporting verb. Do not use ‘said’.
1 When I was younger, my parents always e……………….. that it was dangerous to talk to
strangers.
2 He d……………….. that he loved her and he asked her to marry him.
3 Kate had a bad headache so I a……………….. her to take an aspirin.
4 The unfriendly neighbour o……………….. the children to stay out of his garden.
5 The children a……………….. that they had broken the window by accident.
33.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1 If you exercise regularly, you ……………………… (get) fit.
2 When Ryan finally arrived, he apologized. He said he ……………………… (miss) the bus.
3 This coat ……………………… (look) better if it was a bit shorter.
4 My friends advised me ……………………… (not / wear) jeans for my interview.
5 You ……………………… (get) the job if you ……………………… (not / wear) jeans.
you.
5 The politician said that he hadn’t been / wasn’t going to America before.
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