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Aim
To get familiarized with some of the basic equipment used in the power system
laboratory.
Apparatus
Rheostats
Resistor box
Inductor
Inductor box
Capacitor
Capacitor box
Variac
Energy meter
Insulating string
Wattmeter
Procedure
We were given the opportunity to study some electrical equipments, which are
used in laboratories as well as in day today life. Discussed below are some of them.
Rheostat
R=L R = Resistant
A = Resistance at that temperature
L = Length of the resistor
R I A = Area of the cross section of the
resistor
We should have to find the maximum current through the rheostat, before we use it in
practical works or in experiments. Because if we made a circuit with a high current
(higher than maximum current through the rheostat) and then if we use rheostat, it will
damaged. There fore information in the nameplate of the equipment is very impotant.
Variac
In-250V Out-(0-275) V 6A
(47-65)Hz 1phase
Energy meter is used to measure energy even though we know that the SI
standard unit for energy is joule, in energy meter, kWh (kilo watt hours) is used to
measure energy. Energy meter is household equipment as electricity being measured
using this equipment. Given below is the nameplate detail.
Wattmeter
Wattmeter is equipment which is used for measuring power being used. There are
six terminals in a wattmeter. Three of them are black & others are red. Black terminals
are called current terminals and the others are called voltage terminals. Current terminals
are connected in series to circuit whereas voltage terminals are connected in parallel to
the circuit.
It is recommended to connect to highest Voltage & Current terminals when using
watt meters to measure powers of unknown in order to secure safety of the meter.
Insulators
Insulating strings are made out of ceramics. Provided with a voltage across its
ends, if no current is passed through a material, it is called an insulator. Because of above
mentioned property insulators are widely used as a safeguard against current. Insulating
strings are used in high voltage power transmission in order to prevent flashover from
cables to towers.
Some other insulators used in day-to-day life are glass, mica, plastic, ceramics
and wood.
Capacitors
Inductors consist of a conducting wire wound into the form of a coil. When a current
passes through the coil, a magnetic field is set up around it that tends to oppose rapid
changes in current intensity. When an inductor is used in conjunction with a capacitor, the
voltage in the inductor reaches a maximum value for a specific frequency. This principle
is used in a radio receiver, where a specific frequency is selected by a variable capacitor.