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on SDGs
Knowledge Hub
June 2016
2015-2030
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Briefing Note
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Currently, around one billion people still live on less then $1.25 a day - the World Bank measure on
poverty - and more than 800 million people do not have enough food to eat. Extreme events, and
climatic changes are causing widespread damages to humans and physical systems. Across the
globe, women are still facing difficulties for their rights, and millions of women still die in childbirth.
The MDGs’ progress review clearly suggests that achieving environmental sustainability and human
wellbeing is a challenge, especially while considering the emerging threats of climate change. The
fossil fuel based economic growth, unsustainable consumption, income inequality, unchecked
urbanization, deforestation and climate change remain barriers to ensuring sustainable
development for all.
The global community has adopted SDGs to complete the MDG's unfinished development agenda
Characteristic of SDGs
and meet sustainability challenges. The main difference between the MDGs and the SDGs is that the æ Action-oriented
new proposed development goals are universal in nature. Therefore, they are meant to apply to all
countries. ‘Sustainable Development’ is not something that only ‘developing’ countries should do.
æ Concise
Each UN member state should work towards a sustainable world for future generations. The SDGs æ Easy to communicate
will expand the focus of development goals to rich countries. In short, these goals will now apply to æ Limited in number
the whole world. æ Aspirational
æ Global in nature
What are the new global goals? æ Universally applicable to
In September 2015, world leaders gathered in New York to agree on a new development plan or all countries while taking
Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, incorporating the 17 Goals. The newly adopted SDGs
reflect a coherent, holistic, comprehensive and balanced framework incorporating the three
into account different
dimensions of sustainable development: social, economic and environmental with recognition of national realities,
the direct linkages between human well-being, economic development and a healthy environment. capacities and levels of
The SDGs aim to end poverty in all its forms, and promote healthy lives and wellbeing for all; end development and
hunger for all; and ensure availability and sustainable management of water and energy for all. The
six essential elements of SDGs provide conceptual guidance towards achieving all the SDGs. These
respecting national
elements are dignity, people, prosperity, our planet, justice and partnership. policies and priorities.
After the adoption of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, the General Assembly of the
United Nations set up the ‘Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators’ (IAEG-SDGs) within the
Sources used: World Bank Development Statistics, Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform;
Guardian Development-The Guardian
Goal Pakistan Baseline
%
1 21.04 population below poverty line $1.25 United Nations Statistical Commission to
End poverty in all its forms % develop framework of indicators and
60.19 population below poverty line $2 statistical data to monitor progress, inform
% policy and ensure accountability of all
2 End hunger, achieve food security and 58.1 Food insecure Households
improved nutrition, and promote kcal/person/day stakeholders. The IAEG-SDGs submitted its
sustainable agriculture 169 Intensity of food deprivation first report on indicators to the UN
Statistical Commission (UNSC) in January,
3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well- 88 <5y mortality rate (per1000livebirths) 2016. During 47th session in April 2016,
Maternal mortality ratio
being for all at all ages 170 (per100K live births)
the UNSC presented final agreed 231
targets that will be validated by General
%
4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality 58 Overall Literacy Rate Assembly later this year.
education and promote life-long learning millon
25.02 Children (5-16) are not in school.
5 ranked out of 142 How the goals were chosen?
Achieve gender equality and empower 144 rank on women economic participation The process of creating the SDGs grew out
all women and girls
132 rank on women education attainment of the two recent United Nations meetings
6 % and agreements. First, in 2010, there was
Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for
35% doesn’t have access to safe drinking water an ‘MDG Summit,’ where the world's
all 52 doesn’t has access to improved sanitation national governments asked the UN
% Secretary-General to initiate thinking on
7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, 91.4 Population with access to electricity the global development agenda up on the
sustainable, and modern energy for all % expiry of MDGs in 2015. This process is
<1 Share of renewable energy in total mix commonly known as the ‘Post-2015
8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable % Agenda’. Second, in June 2012 the UN held
economic growth, full and productive 53.1 Labour force participation rate a 20-year follow-up meeting to the
employment and decent work for all 6.2% Unemployment rate original ‘Earth Summit’ of 1992, which was
9 % held in Rio de Janeiro. The outcome
Build resilient infrastructure, promote 20.3 Industry’s contribution in GDP document of this 2012 ‘Rio+20’ meeting,
inclusive and sustainable industrialization %
and foster innovation 10.9 Population use Internet The Future We Want, includes a global
commitment to create the SDGs through
10 Reduce inequality within and among 30 Income Gini coefficient an inclusive process. An Open Working
countries ( ratio of consumption of top Group (OWG) was housed in General
1.55 Palma Index 10 % to the bottom 40 %) Assembly and tasked with preparing a
11 %
Make cities and human settlements 47 Urban population lives in 9 cities only proposal on the SDGs. The OWG, with
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable representatives from 70 countries,
5.0 Cities population growth rate published its final draft, with its 17
% suggested goals, in July 2014. The aim of
12 Ensure sustainable consumption and 68.3 Electricity generation from fossil fuels
% this document was to guide global efforts
production patterns
25 Energy losses in all sectors to ensure people around the world live
m.t of CO2 eq. better, without damaging the planet. In
13 310 Total GHG emmissions
Take urgent action to combat climate June, 2015 the President of General
change and its impacts 6 % Budget allocation for climate fiancing Assembly issued the zero draft document
for SDGs negotiations. In September, 2015
14 Conserve and sustainable use the 222million
rank on global Ocean Health Index t h es e i n te rg ove r n m e n t a l p ro cess
oceans, seas and marine resources for gallon/day ultimately converged in to a new global
raw sewage and untreated industrial waste
sustainable development 350 flows into the Arabian Sea from Karachi development agenda called ‘Agenda
15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use % 2030 for Sustainable Development’. The
of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably 2.1 National forest cover process that led formulation of SDGs is
manage forests, combat desertification, and millon hectares convoluted, as it has been a far more
halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss
68 Land affected by desertification
& degradation participatory consultative process than the
MDGs, which were developed by a small
16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
9000 Avg. annual deaths from terrorist activities group of organizations and donors in 2000.
sustainable development, provide access to
justice for all and build effective, accountable and millon What is Post 2015 development
inclusive institutions at all levels 3 Cases pending before judiciary
agenda?
17 Strengthen the means of
The year 2015 was a pivotal time for the
international development. In addition to
implementation and revitalize the global
the 3rd UN conference on Disaster Risk
partnership for sustainable development
Reduction in March 2015, in Sendai Japan
that yielded Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction (SFDRR) and the Financing
Data Sources: National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2011|WHO Pakistan Country Report | Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2013-2014| World
Development Indicators 2013 | LUMS/OXFAM Report on Multiple Inequalities in Pakistan | Pakistan Bureau of Statistics | International Center for Agricultural Research in
the Dry Areas (ICARDA) & GOP 2012| UN Habitat III Report | ENERCON | Taskforce Report of Climate Change 2010 | Pakistan Economic Survey 2014-15 | Pakistan Judicial
Statistics 2013
Transboundary Waters
for Development (FfD) Conference in July 2015 at Accra Ghana, the world fundamental to the success of financing the post-2015 agenda. Moreover,
leaders gathered in September 2015 to agree the next set of goals, to financing from the private sector will also be required. In addition, new
replace the existing MDGs. The climate negotiations under United Nations measures are needed to speed up tax reform, control corruption and illicit
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Paris financial flows, and expand tax net.
Sustainable Cities
People
development challenges including poverty, climate change, food security, to ensure healthy lives,
to end
poverty and
water scarcity, vulnerabilities to disasters, ensure health, and sustainable knowledge and inclusion fight
and resilient cities. of women and children inequality
The SDGs are more ambitious than the MDGs, covering a broad range of Prosperity
interconnected issues, from economic growth to social issues to global Planet Sustainable
to grow a strong,
public goods. To realize this vision, an ambitious plan for financing and to protect our Development inclusive &
implementation is needed. ecosystems transformative
for all
Goals economy
societies and
The post-2015 development agenda will require full range of means of our children
implementation that include financial and non-financial, public and private Partnership Justice
and domestic and international. It is estimated that the cost of eradicate to catalyze to promote safe
Knowledge Hub on SDGs
extreme poverty would require about $66 billion dollars per year, and the global and peaceful
UN estimates that developing countries will face a gap of $2.5 trillion per solidarity for societies and
sustainable strong
year if they are to achieve the SDGs. development institutions