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Title I
Organization and Function of the Bureau of Internal Revenue
NIRC of 1997 Final Version Comments
SEC. 5. Power of the Commissioner to Obtain SEC. 5. Power of the Commissioner to Obtain
Information, and to Summon, Examine, and Take Information, and to Summon, Examine, and Take
Testimony of Persons. - In ascertaining the correctness Testimony of Persons. - In ascertaining the correctness of
of any return, or in making a return when none has been any return, or in making a return when none has been
made, or in determining the liability of any person for made, or in determining the liability of any person for any
any internal revenue tax, or in collecting any such internal revenue tax, or in collecting any such liability, or
liability, or in evaluating tax compliance, the in evaluating tax compliance, the Commissioner is
Commissioner is authorized: authorized:
(B) To obtain on a regular basis from any person other (B) To obtain on a regular basis from any person other
than the person whose internal revenue tax liability is than the person whose internal revenue tax liability is
subject to audit or investigation, or from any office or subject to audit or investigation, or from any office or
officer of the national and local governments, officer of the national and local governments, government
government agencies and instrumentalities, including the agencies and instrumentalities, including the Bangko
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and government-owned or - Sentral ng Pilipinas and government-owned or -controlled
controlled corporations, any information such as, but not corporations, any information such as, but not limited to,
limited to, costs and volume of production, receipts or costs and volume of production, receipts or sales and gross
sales and gross incomes of taxpayers, and the names, incomes of taxpayers, and the names, addresses, and
addresses, and financial statements of corporations, financial statements of corporations, mutual fund
mutual fund companies, insurance companies, regional companies, insurance companies, regional operating
operating headquarters of multinational companies, joint headquarters of multinational companies, joint accounts,
accounts, associations, joint ventures of consortia and associations, joint ventures of consortia and registered
registered partnerships, and their members; partnerships, and their members: PROVIDED, THAT
THE COOPERATIVES DEVELOPMENT
xxx AUTHORITY SHALL SUBMIT TO THE BUREAU A
TAX INCENTIVE REPORT, WHICH SHALL
INCLUDE INFORMATION ON THE INCOME TAX,
VALUE-ADDED TAX AND OTHER TAX
INCENTIVES AVAILED OF BY COOPERATIVES
REGISTERED AND ENJOYING INCENTIVES
UNDER REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6938, AS AMENDED:
PROVIDED FURTHER, THAT THE
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(A) Examination of Returns and Determination of Tax (A) Examination of Returns and Determination of Tax
Due. - After a return has been filed as required under the Due. - After a return has been filed as required under the
provisions of this Code, the Commissioner or his duly provisions of this Code, the Commissioner or his duly
authorized representative may authorize the examination authorized representative may authorize the examination
of any taxpayer and the assessment of the correct of any taxpayer and the assessment of the correct amount
amount of tax: Provided, however; That failure to file a of tax, NOTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW
return shall not prevent the Commissioner from REQUIRING THE PRIOR AUTHORIZATION OF
authorizing the examination of any taxpayer. ANY GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR
INSTRUMENTALITY: Provided, however; That failure
to file a return shall not prevent the Commissioner from
authorizing the examination of any taxpayer.
xxx xxx
(1) The fair market value as determined by the REGULATIONS ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY OF
Commissioner; or FINANCE BASED ON THE CURRENT PHILIPPINE
VALUATION STANDARDS: PROVIDED, THAT NO
(2) The fair market value as shown in the schedule of ADJUSTMENT IN ZONAL VALUATION SHALL BE
values of the Provincial and City Assessors. VALID UNLESS PUBLISHED IN A NEWSPAPER
OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE PROVINCE,
CITY OR MUNICIPALITY CONCERNED, OR IN
THE ABSENCE THEREOF, SHALL BE POSTED IN
THE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL, CITY OR
MUNICIPAL HALL AND IN TWO (2) OTHER
CONSPICUOUS PUBLIC PLACES THEREIN:
PROVIDED, FURTHER, THAT THE BASIS OF ANY
VALUATION, INCLUDING THE RECORDS OF
CONSULATIONS DONE, SHALL BE PUBLIC
RECORDS OPEN TO THE INQUIRY OF ANY
TAXPAYER. For purposes of computing any internal
revenue tax, the value of the property shall be, whichever
is higher of:
Title IX
Compliance Requirements
Chapter I
Keeping of Books of Accounts and Records
SEC. 232. Keeping of Books of Accounts. – SEC. 232. Keeping of Books of Accounts. –
(A) Corporations, Companies, Partnerships or Persons (A) Corporations, Companies, Partnerships or Persons
Required to Keep Books of Accounts. - All corporations, Required to Keep Books of Accounts. - All corporations,
companies, partnerships or persons required by law to companies, partnerships or persons required by law to pay
pay internal revenue taxes shall keep a journal and a internal revenue taxes shall keep and USE RELEVANT
ledger or their equivalents: Provided, however, That AND APPROPRIATE set of bookkeeping records duly
those whose quarterly sales, earnings, receipts, or output authorized by the Secretary of Finance wherein all
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do not exceed Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) shall keep transactions and results of operations are shown and from
and use simplified set of bookkeeping records duly which all taxes due the Government may readily and
authorized by the Secretary of Finance wherein all accurately be ascertained and determined any time of the
transactions and results of operations are shown and year: Provided, That corporations, companies, partnerships
from which all taxes due the Government may readily or persons whose gross ANNUAL sales, earnings, receipts
and accurately be ascertained and determined any time or output exceed THREE MILLION (P3,000,000) shall
of the year: Provided, further, That corporations, have their books of accounts audited and examined yearly
companies, partnerships or persons whose gross by independent Certified Public Accountants and their
quarterly sales, earnings, receipts or output exceed One income tax returns accompanied with a duly accomplished
hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000) shall have their Account Information Form (AIF) which shall contain,
books of accounts audited and examined yearly by among others, information lifted from certified balance
independent Certified Public Accountants and their sheets, profit and loss statements, schedules listing
income tax returns accompanied with a duly income-producing properties and the corresponding
accomplished Account Information Form (AIF) which income therefrom and other relevant statements.
shall contain, among others, information lifted from
certified balance sheets, profit and loss statements,
schedules listing income-producing properties and the
corresponding income therefrom and other relevant
statements.
(A) Requirements. - Every person subject to any internal (A) Requirements. – xxx
revenue tax shall register once with the appropriate
Revenue District Officer:
The registration shall contain the taxpayer's name, style, The registration shall contain the taxpayer's name, style,
place of residence, business, and such other information place of residence, business, and such other information as
as may be required by the Commissioner in the form may be required by the Commissioner in the form
prescribed therefor. prescribed therefor: PROVIDED, THAT THE
COMMISSIONER SHALL SIMPLIFY THE
A person maintaining a head office, branch or facility BUSINESS REGISTRATION AND TAX
shall register with the Revenue District Officer having COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS OF SELF-
jurisdiction over the head office, branch or facility. For EMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS AND/OR
purposes of this Section, the term 'facility' may include PROFESSIONALS.
but not be limited to sales outlets, places of production,
warehouses or storage places. xxx
xxx
(G) Persons Required to Register for Value-Added Tax. (G) Persons Required to Register for Value-Added Tax. –
–
(1) Any person who, in the course of trade or business, (1) Any person who, in the course of trade or business,
sells, barters or exchanges goods or properties, or sells, barters or exchanges goods or properties, or engages
engages in the sale or exchange of services, shall be in the sale or exchange of services, shall be liable to
liable to register for value-added tax if: register for value-added tax if:
(a) His gross sales or receipts for the past twelve (12) (a) His gross sales or receipts for the past twelve (12)
months, other than those that are exempt under Section months, other than those that are exempt under Section
109(A) to (V), have exceeded One million five hundred 109(A) to (BB), have exceeded THREE MILLION
thousand pesos (P1,500,000); or PESOS (P3,000,000); or
(b) There are reasonable grounds to believe that his (b) There are reasonable grounds to believe that his gross
gross sales or receipts for the next twelve (12) months, sales or receipts for the next twelve (12) months, other
other than those that are exempt under Section 109(A) to than those that are exempt under Section 109(A) to (BB),
(V), will exceed One million five hundred thousand will exceed THREE MILLION PESOS (P3,000,000).
pesos (P1,500,000).
(2) Every person who becomes liable to be registered
(2) Every person who becomes liable to be registered under paragraph (1) of this Subsection shall register with
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under paragraph (1) of this Subsection shall register with the Revenue District Office which has jurisdiction over the
the Revenue District Office which has jurisdiction over head office or branch of that person, and shall pay the
the head office or branch of that person, and shall pay annual registration fee prescribed in Subsection (B) hereof.
the annual registration fee prescribed in Subsection (B) If he fails to register, he shall be liable to pay the tax under
hereof. If he fails to register, he shall be liable to pay the Title IV as if he were a VAT-registered person, but
tax under Title IV as if he were a VAT-registered without the benefit of input tax credits for the period in
person, but without the benefit of input tax credits for which he was not properly registered.
the period in which he was not properly registered.
(H) Optional Registration for Value-added Tax of Exempt
(H) Optional Registration for Value-added Tax of Person. –
Exempt Person. –
(1) Any person who is not required to register for Value-
(1) Any person who is not required to register for Value- added tax under Subsection (G) hereof may elect to
added tax under Subsection (G) hereof may elect to register for Value-added tax by registering with the
register for Value-added tax by registering with the Revenue District Office that has jurisdiction over the head
Revenue District Office that has jurisdiction over the office of that person, and paying the annual registration fee
head office of that person, and paying the annual in Subsection (B) hereof.
registration fee in Subsection (B) hereof.
(2) Any person who elects to register under this Subsection
(2) Any person who elects to register under this shall not be entitled to cancel his registration under
Subsection shall not be entitled to cancel his registration Subsection (F)(2) for the next three (3) years.
under Subsection (F)(2) for the next three (3) years.
PROVIDED, THAT ANY PERSON TAXED UNDER
SECTION 24(A)(2)(B) AND 24(A)(2)(C)(2)(A) OF
THE NIRC WHO ELECTED TO PAY THE EIGHT
PERCENT (8%) TAX ON GROSS SALES OR
RECEIPTS SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED TO AVAIL
OF THIS OPTION.
For purposes of Title IV of this Code, any person who For purposes of Title IV of this Code, any person who has
has registered value-added tax as a tax type in registered value-added tax as a tax type in accordance with
accordance with the provisions of Subsection (C) hereof the provisions of Subsection (C) hereof shall be referred to
shall be referred to as a "VAT-registered person" who as a "VAT-registered person" who shall be assigned only
shall be assigned only one Taxpayer Identification one Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN).
Number (TIN).
SEC. 237. Issuance of Receipts or Sales or SEC. 237. Issuance of Receipts or Sales or Commercial
Commercial Invoices. - All persons subject to an Invoices. -
internal revenue tax shall, for each sale and transfer of
merchandise or for services rendered valued at Twenty- (A) ISSUANCE. - All persons subject to an internal
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five pesos (PhP25.00) or more, issue duly registered revenue tax shall, AT THE POINT OF each sale and
receipts or sale or commercial invoices, prepared at least transfer of merchandise or for services rendered valued at
in duplicate, showing the date of transaction, quantity, ONE HUNDRED PESOS (P100.00) or more, issue duly
unit cost and description of merchandise or nature of registered receipts or sale or commercial invoices, showing
service: Provided, however, That where the receipt is the date of transaction, quantity, unit cost and description
issued to cover payment made as rentals, commissions, of merchandise or nature of service: Provided, however,
compensation or fees, receipts or invoices shall be That where the receipt is issued to cover payment made as
issued which shall show the name, business style, if any, rentals, commissions, compensation or fees, receipts or
and address of the purchaser, customer or client. invoices shall be issued which shall show the name,
business style, if any, and address of the purchaser,
customer or client: Provided, Further, That where the
purchaser is a VAT-registered person, in addition to the
information herein required, the invoice or receipt shall
further show the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) of
the purchaser.
The original of each receipt' or invoice shall be issued to The original of each receipt or invoice shall be issued to
the purchaser, customer or client at the time the the purchaser, customer or client at the time the transaction
transaction is effected, who, if engaged in business or in is effected, who, if engaged in business or in the exercise
the exercise of profession, shall keep and preserve the of profession, shall keep and preserve the same in his place
same in his place of business for a period of three (3) of business for a period of three (3) years from the close of
years from the close of the taxable year in which such the taxable year in which such invoice or receipt was
invoice or receipt was issued, while the duplicate shall issued, while the duplicate shall be kept and preserved by
be kept and preserved by the issuer, also in his place of the issuer, also in his place of business, for a like period:
business, for a like period. PROVIDED, THAT IN CASE OF ELECTRONIC
RECEIPTS OR SALES OR COMMERCIAL
INVOICES, THE DIGITAL RECORDS OF THE
SAME SHALL BE KEPT BY THE PURCHASER,
CUSTOMER OR CLIENT AND THE ISSUER FOR
THE SAME PERIOD ABOVE STATED.
The Commissioner may, in meritorious cases, exempt The Commissioner may, in meritorious cases, exempt any
any person subject to an internal revenue tax from person subject to internal revenue tax from compliance
compliance with the provisions of this Section. with the provisions of this Section.
N/A SEC. 237-A. ELECTRONIC SALES REPORTING
SYSTEM. -
Chapter I
Additions to the Tax
SEC. 249. Interest. – SEC. 249. Interest. –
(A) In General. - There shall be assessed and collected (A) In General. - There shall be assessed and collected on
on any unpaid amount of tax, interest at the rate of any unpaid amount of tax, interest at the rate of DOUBLE
twenty percent (20%) per annum, or such higher rate as THE LEGAL INTEREST RATE FOR LOANS OR
may be prescribed by rules and regulations, from the FORBEARANCE OF ANY MONEY IN THE
date prescribed for payment until the amount is fully ABSENCE OF AN EXPRESS STIPULATION AS SET
paid. BY THE BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS:
PROVIDED, THAT IN NO CASE SHALL THE
DEFICIENCY AND THE DELINQUENCY
INTEREST PRESCRIBED UNDER SUBSECTION
(B) AND (C) HEREOF, BE IMPOSED
SIMULTANEOUSLY.
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(B) Deficiency Interest. - Any deficiency in the tax due, (B) Deficiency Interest. - Any deficiency in the tax due, as
as the term is defined in this Code, shall be subject to the the term is defined in this Code, shall be subject to the
interest prescribed in Subsection (A) hereof, which interest prescribed in Subsection (A) hereof, which interest
interest shall be assessed and collected from the date shall be assessed and collected from the date prescribed for
prescribed for its payment until the full payment thereof. its payment until the full payment thereof, OR UPON
ISSUANCE OF A NOTICE AND DEMAND BY THE
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
WHICHEVER COMES EARLIER.
(C) Delinquency Interest. - In case of failure to pay: (C) Delinquency Interest. - xxx
SEC. 254. Attempt to Evade or Defeat Tax. - Any SEC. 254. Attempt to Evade or Defeat Tax. - Any
person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or
defeat any tax imposed under this Code or the payment defeat any tax imposed under this Code or the payment
thereof shall, in addition to other penalties provided by thereof shall, in addition to other penalties provided by
law, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not law, upon conviction thereof, be punished WITH A FINE
less than Thirty thousand (P30,000) but not more than OF NOT LESS THAN FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND
One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) and suffer PESOS (P500,000) BUT NOT MORE THAN TEN
imprisonment of not less than two (2) years but not more MILLION PESOS (P10,000,000), AND
than four (4) years: Provided, That the conviction or IMPRISONMENT OF NOT LESS THAN SIX (6)
acquittal obtained under this Section shall not be a bar to YEARS BUT NOT MORE THAN TEN (10) YEARS:
the filing of a civil suit for the collection of taxes. Provided, That the conviction or acquittal obtained under
this Section shall not be a bar to the filing of a civil suit for
the collection of taxes.
SEC. 264. Failure or refusal to Issue Receipts or SEC. 264. Failure or refusal to Issue Receipts or Sales
Sales or Commercial Invoices, Violations related to or Commercial Invoices, Violations related to the
the Printing of such Receipts or Invoices and Other Printing of such Receipts or Invoices and Other
Violations. – Violations. –
(a) Any person who, being required under Section 237 to (a) xxx
issue receipts or sales or commercial invoices, fails or
refuses to issue such receipts of invoices, issues receipts
or invoices that do not truly reflect and/or contain all the
information required to be shown therein, or uses
multiple or double receipts or invoices, shall, upon
conviction for each act or omission, be punished by a
fine of not less than One thousand pesos (P1,000) but
not more than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) and suffer
imprisonment of not less than two (2) years but not more
than four (4) years.
(b) Any person who commits any of the acts enumerated (b) Any person who commits any of the acts enumerated
hereunder shall be penalized in the same manner and to hereunder shall be penalized WITH A FINE OF NOT
the same extent as provided for in this Section: LESS THAN FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS
(P500,000) BUT NOT MORE THAN TEN MILLION
(P10,000,000), AND IMPRISONMENT OF NOT LESS
THAN SIX (6) YEARS BUT NOT MORE THAN TEN
YEARS:
(1) Printing of receipts or sales or commercial invoices (1) Printing of receipts or sales or commercial invoices
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without authority from the Bureau of Internal Revenue; without authority from the Bureau of Internal Revenue;
or
(2) Printing of double or multiple sets of invoices or
(2) Printing of double or multiple sets of invoices or receipts;
receipts; or
(3) Printing of unnumbered receipts or sales or commercial
(3) Printing of unnumbered receipts or sales or invoices, not bearing the name, business style, Taxpayer
commercial invoices, not bearing the name, business Identification Number, and business address of the person
style, Taxpayer Identification Number, and business or entity; OR
address of the person or entity.
(4) PRINTING OF OTHER FRAUDULENT
RECEIPTS OR SALES OR COMMERCIAL
INVOICES.
N/A SEC. 264-A. FAILURE TO TRANSMIT SALES
DATA ENTERED ON CASH REGISTER MACHINE
(CRM)/POINT OF SALES SYSTEM (POS)
MACHINES TO THE BIR’S ELECTRONIC SALES
REPORTING SYSTEM. – ANY TAXPAYER
REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT SALES DATA TO THE
BUREAU’S ELECTRONIC SALES REPORTING
SYSTEM BUT FAILS TO DO SO, SHALL PAY, FOR
EACH DAY OF VIOLATION, A PENALTY
AMOUNTING TO ONE-TENTH OF ONE PERCENT
(1/10 OF 1%) OF THE ANNUAL NET INCOME AS
REFLECTED IN THE TAXPAYER’S AUDITED
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE SECOND
YEAR PRECEDING THE CURRENT TAXABLE
YEAR FOR EACH DAY OF VIOLATION OR TEN
THOUSAND PESOS (P10,000), WHICHEVER IS
HIGHER; PROVIDED, THAT SHOULD THE
AGGREGATE NUMBER OF DAYS OF VIOLATION
EXCEED ONE-HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS
WITHIN A TAXABLE YEAR, AN ADDITIONAL
PENALTY OF PERMANENT CLOSURE OF THE
TAXPAYER SHALL BE IMPOSED: PROVIDED,
FURTHER, THAT IF THE FAILURE TO
TRANSMIT IS DUE TO FORCE MAJURE OR ANY
CAUSES BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE
TAXPAYER THE PENALTY SHALL NOT APPLY.
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Provided, That the provisions of the foregoing paragraph Provided, That the provisions of the foregoing paragraph
notwithstanding, any internal revenue officer for which a notwithstanding, any internal revenue officer for which a
prima facie case of grave misconduct has been prima facie case of grave misconduct has been established
established shall, after due notice and hearing of the shall, after due notice and hearing of the administrative
administrative case and subject to Civil Service Laws, case and subject to Civil Service Laws, be dismissed from
be dismissed from the revenue service: Provided, the revenue service: Provided, further, That the term 'grave
further, That the term 'grave misconduct', as defined in misconduct', as defined in Civil Service Law, shall include
Civil Service Law, shall include the issuance of fake the issuance of fake letters of authority and receipts,
letters of authority and receipts, forgery of signature, forgery of signature, usurpation of authority and habitual
usurpation of authority and habitual issuance of issuance of unreasonable assessments.
unreasonable assessments.
Title XI
Allotment of Internal Revenue
Chapter II
Special Disposition of Certain National Internal Revenue Taxes
SEC. 288. Disposition of Incremental Revenues. - SEC. 288. Disposition of Incremental Revenues. -
of Aeronautics;