Use of Steam Tables

• Saturated Vapor or Liquid

– Liquid at Bubble-Point
– Vapor at Dew-Point
– Liquid and Vapor Co-existing
• Superheated Vapor or Sub-Cooled Liquid
– Vapor Above Dew-Point Temperature or Below Dew-
Point Pressure
– Liquid Below Bubble-Point Temperature or Above
Bubble-Point Pressure
Vaporize 1kg Water at 20 C and Bubble Point Pressure

U Q W Q P V
m Uˆ Q mP Vˆ

Q m Uˆ P Vˆ
Q m Uˆ P Vˆ

1kg 2403.0 83.9 kJ

Q
kg
3
1kg 0.0234 bar 57.8 0.001002 m 1 105 N kJ
kg m 2bar 1, 000 N m

Q 2454.3 kJ

H U PV
H U P V
 Definitions
• Degrees of Superheat
– Difference between actual temperature and
saturation temperature at the same pressure
• Degrees of Sub-Cooling
– Difference between actual temperature and the
saturation temperature at the same pressure.
 Vapor

Liquid
 Water Vapor Heating
1 kg from 100 oC, 1 Bar to 200 oC, 1 Bar

U Q W Q P V
m Uˆ Q mP Vˆ
Q m Uˆ P Vˆ m Hˆ
 Water Vapor Heating
1 kg from 100 oC, 1 Bar to 200 oC, 1 Bar

Q m Uˆ P Vˆ m Hˆ

1kg 2875 2676 kJ

Q 199kJ
kg
Constant Volume Water Vapor Heating
1 kg from 100 oC, 1 Bar to 200 oC, P=?

V 0
U Q
m Uˆ Q
 Ideal Gas Law Estimation

T2 473.15
P2 P1 1 bar 1.73 bar
T1 373.15
 Interpolation for Pressure
6
5
4
Pressure

3
2
1
0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3
Specific Volume
Interpolation for Internal Energy
2660
Internal Energy

2655

2650

2645

2640
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3
Specific Volume
 Linear Interpolation
y mx b
y1 mx1 b y2 mx2 b
y2 y1 m x2 x1
y2 y1
m
x2 x1
b y1 mx1
y mx y1 mx1
y y1 m x x1
y2 y1
y y1 x x1
x2 x1
 P2 P1
P P1 VˆDesired Vˆ1
Vˆ2 Vˆ1
5 1
P 1 1.69 2.17 2.1 bar
0.425 2.17
Uˆ 2 Uˆ1
Uˆ Uˆ1 VˆDesired Vˆ1
Vˆ2 Vˆ1

2643 2658 kJ
Uˆ 2658 1.69 2.17 2654
0.425 2.17 kg
kJ
Q m Uˆ 1 kg 2654 2507 147 kJ
kg