5

MCRBG-0501-SK.
qxd 6-14-2001 11:37 AM Page 80
CHAPTER 5
Think & Discuss (p. 261) Drawing Conclusions
1. Answers may vary. vxxxy is perpendicular to AB

1. CM xxx since mCAB 90 and
Sample answer: vxxxy intersects AB
CM xxx at its midpoint.
At position B, the goalkeeper is closer to both sides of 2. Sample answers:
the imaginary triangle formed by the goal posts and the
opponent. The goal keeper has an equal space to defend G
to the left and right and so has a greater chance of catch- F
ing or deflecting a ball shot to either side than she would E
D
have at position A or position C.
C
2. about 40; an opponent could move closer to the goal to
increase the shooting angle.
A M B
Skill Review (p. 262)

1. Sample answer: 2. Sample answer:
3. Sample answer:
Point D Point E Point F Point G

DA 43 mm EA 48 mm FA 58 mm GA 67 mm
A M B DB 43 mm EB 48 mm FB 58 mm GB 67 mm
P
The distances from D to the endpoints A and B are equal,
the distances from E to the endpoints A and B are equal,
the distances from F to the endpoints A and B are equal,
3. M 0 22, 4 2 0 22, 42 1, 2 and the distances from G to the endpoints A and B are
equal.
4. AB 0 32 4 02
4. Any point on the perpendicular bisector is the same
32 42 distance from either of the endpoints of the segment.
9 16
5.1 Guided Practice (p. 267)
25
5 1. If D is on the perpendicular bisector of AB, then D is
equidistant from A and B.
y y1 04 4
5. m 2 2 2. Point G must be on the
x2 x1 2 0 2 H
1
bisector of HJK by
6. The slope of the line perpendicular to BC is 2 because Theorem 5.4. J
G
12 2 1.
K
Lesson 5.1
3. AD BD
Developing Concepts Activity 5.1 (p. 263) 4. ADC and BDC are both right angles and are
Exploring the Concept
congruent.
1.–3. Sample answer 4. Sample answer: 5. AC BC because C is on the perpendicular bisector of
MA MB 32 mm AB.
C
6. mLPM mNPM
→
7. The distance from M to PL is equal to the distance from
→
A M B M to PN.
5.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 268–271)
5. mCMA 90 6. Sample answer: 8. No; C is not on the perpendicular bisector of AB because
AC and BC are not equal.
CA CB 37 mm
80 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Chapter 5 Worked-out Solution Key All rights reserved.
MCRBG-0501-SK.qxd 6-14-2001 11:37 AM Page 81
Chapter 5 continued
9. No; the diagram does not show that CA CB. 28.
Statements Reasons
10. No; along with the information given, we would also
↔
need AP PB. 1. CP AB , 1. Given
↔
11. No; since P is not equidistant from the sides of A, P is CP bisects AB .
not on the bisector of A. 2. AP BP 2. Definition of segment bisector
12. No; since we do not know for sure that one of the dis- 3. CPA and CPB 3. Definition of perpendicular
tances given is a perpendicular distance. are right angles. lines
13. No; the diagram does not show that the segments with
4. CP CP 4. Reflexive Property of
equal length are perpendicular segments. Congruence
14. 15.
5. APC BPC 5. SAS Congruence Postulate
D
6. CA CB 6. Corresponding parts of congru-
3 in.
3 cm D ent triangles are congruent.
A 4 cm 4 cm B 7. CA CB 7. Definition of congruent
A segments
1 8. C is equidistant 8. Definition of equidistant
AD BD 5 cm D is 12
inches from each
from A and B.
side of A.
29.
16. VT 8 17. SR 17
___ Statements Reasons
vxxy, the perpendicular bisector of RT .
18. Point U must be on SV ↔
1. Construct CP AB inter- 1. Perpendicular Postulate
19. NQ 2 secting AB at a point P.
wy, the bisector of HJK.
20. Point M must be on JN 21. B 2. CPA and CPB are 2. Definition of perpendicular
22. mXTV mTVX 90 right angles. lines
mXTV 30 90 3. CPA and CPB are 3. Definition of right triangles
right triangles.
mXTV 60
4. CA CB, or CA CB 4. Given; Definition of con-
A
gruence
23. mVWU mUVW 90
mVWU 50 90 Congruence
mVWU 40 6. CPA CPB 6. HL Congruence Theorem
mVWU mVWX 40 7. AP BP 7. Corresponding parts of con-
C gruent triangles are congru-
24. F 25. D 26. E ent.
↔
27. Given: P is on m. 8. CP is the perpendicular 8. Definition of perpendicular
↔ bisector of AB and C is bisector
Prove: CPAB. on the perpendicular
Statements Reasons bisector of AB.
1. P is on line m. 1. Given 30.
Statements Reasons
2. PA PB 2. By construction
1. GJ is the perpendicular 1. Given
CA CB bisector of HK.
2. GJ HK, HJ JK 2. Definition of perpendicular
Congruence bisector of a segment
4. CPA CPB 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
3. GH GK, MH MK 3. Perpendicular Bisector
5. CPA CPB 5. Corresponding parts of congruent Theorem
triangles are congruent. 4. GH GK, MH MK 4. Definition of congruent seg-
↔
6. CP AB 6. Theorem 3.1 ments
5. GM GM 5. Reflexive Property of
Congruence
6. GMH GMK 6. SSS Congruence Postulate
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 81

All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Worked-out Solution Key
Chapter 5 continued
31. The post is the perpendicular bisector of the segment 37. a–c. A
between the ends of the wires. Closest to A
32.
Statements Reasons
1. D is in the interior of 1. Given X
ABC. Closest to B
2. D is equidistant from 2. Given

→ →
BA and BC. Closest to C B
3. DA DC 3. Definition of equidistant
→ →
4. DA BA, DC BC 4. Definition of distance from
a point to a line C
5. DAB and DCB are 5. If two lines are , then they The perpendicular bisectors meet in one point.
right angles. form 4 right angles.
d. The fire station at A should respond because it is
6. DAB and DCB are 6. Definition of right triangle closest to the house at X.
right triangles.
54 1 1
38. slope of WS m
7. BD BD 7. Reflexive Property of 36 3 3
Congruence
→ 82 6
8. DAB DCB 8. HL Congruence Theorem slope of YX m 3
42 2
9. ABD CBD 9. Corresponding parts of →
WS YX because the product of their slopes is 1.
congruent triangles are
→
congruent. 31 3 1.
10. BD bisects ABC and 10. Definition of angle bisector
14 3
point D is on the slope of WT m 3
bisector of ABC. 56 1
33. Line l is the perpendicular bisector of AB. 02 2 1

slope of YZ m
→ 82 6 3
34. PG should bisect APB to give the goalie equal distances →
→ WT YZ because the product of their slopes is 1.
to travel on each side of PG.
35. mAPB increases as the puck gets closer to the goal. This 3 31 1.
change makes it more difficult for the goalie because the
goalie has a greater area to defend since the distances from 39. WS 3 62 5 42
goalie to the sides of APB (the shooting angle) increase. 32 12
36. Answers may vary. 9 1
Sample answer: 10
A C B WT 5 62 1 42
12 32
D1 1 9
D2 10
→
40. YW bisects XYZ because the perpendicular distances
→ →
D1A D1B 40 mm from W to YS and YT are equal. We know these are
D2A D2B 48 mm perpendicular distances because in problem 38 it was
→ →
This demonstrates the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem shown that WS YX and WT YZ.
because D is on the perpendicular bisector of AB and D is
equidistant from A and B. 5.1 Mixed Review (p. 271)
41. d 12 cm 42. C 2r

2r 12 2 3.14 6
r 6 cm 37.68 cm

Chapter 5 continued
10 5 5.2 Practice and Applications (pp. 275–278)
43. A r2 44. m
2 1
3.1462 5. 6.
5
3.14 36
1
113.04 cm2 5
5 3 8 4
45. m
6 4 10 5
55 0 08 8 8 The perpendicular bisectors
46. m 0 47. m The perpendicular
94 5 7 0 7 7 intersect at a point inside an
bisectors intersect outside
acute triangle.
12 11 1 the obtuse triangle.
48. m
10 3 13 7.
8. and 9.
8 8 0 Sample answer:

49. m 0
8 3 11 C
50. x 31 90 51. 2x 6 40 x
x 59 2x 34 x D
x 34
52. 10x 22 70 4x The perpendicular A B
bisectors intersect at a
10x 48 4x The segments are
point on the right triangle.
6x 48 congruent. This confirms
Theorem 5.6.
x8
10. always 11. always 12. never 13. sometimes

Lesson 5.2
14. DR SD 9 15. WB WC 20
Developing Concepts Activity (p. 272)
16. JC CK KJ2 by the Pythagorean Theorem.
2 2
1.–4. Yes, all three bisectors intersect at the same point. 42 CK2 52
Conjecture: For any acute scalene triangle, the three 16 CK2 25
perpendicular bisectors of the three sides will intersect
at the same point. CK2 9
AP BP CP 38 mm CK 3
The three segments that are formed by connecting the KB CK 3

vertices of the triangle to the point of intersection of
17. Let the midpoint of PM be called point R. Then
the perpendicular bisectors of the sides have the same
PM 48
length. PR RM 24.
2 2
5.2 Guided Practice (p. 275) PR2 QR2 PQ2 by the Pythagorean Theorem.
1. If three or more points intersect at the same point, the 242 72 PQ2
lines are concurrent. 576 49 PQ2
2. The word incenter is made up of the words in and center. 625 PQ2
The incenter is the “center” of the circle that is “in” the
25 PQ
triangle. The word circumcenter is made up of the parts
circum and center. Circum can be short for circumference, QN PQ 25.
which is the distance around the circle, and can help us to 18. The student’s conclusion is false because D is not the
remember that the circumcenter is the “center” of the point of intersection of the angle bisectors. D is the point
circle that is “around” the triangle. of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides
3. GC GA 7 4. MK MJ 5 of the triangle. So DA DC DB.
19. The student’s conclusion is false because the angle bisec-
tors of a triangle intersect in a point that is equidistant
from the sides of the triangle, but MQ and MN are not
necessarily distances to the sides; M is equidistant from
JK, LK, and LJ.

Chapter 5 continued
20. To find the point that is equidistant from each location, 27. mABC mBCA mCAB 180
draw the triangle and construct the perpendicular bisector 100 mBCA mCAB 180
of two sides. The point of intersection is the point that is
equidistant from each location. mBCA mCAB 80
21. Point H is the point of School 2 mBCA
1
mCAB 12 80
2 mBCA 2 mCAB
1 1
intersection of the 40
Factory
perpendicular bisectors.
H mDCA mCAD 40
So H is equidistant from
each location. H would be mADC mDCA mCAD 180
the best location for the Office mADC 40 180
new home.
mADC 140
22.
E
Statements Reasons
28. XW WZ 13
1. ¤ ABC, the bisectors of 1. Given
A, B, and C, XT2 TW2 XW2 (Pythagorean Theorem)
DEAB, DFBC, XT2 122 132
DG CA XT2 144 169
→
2. DE DG 2. AD bisects BAC, so D is XT2 25
equidistant from the sides
XT 5
of BAC.
→ XY 2XT
3. DE DF 3. BD bisects ABC, so D is
equidistant from the sides because T is the midpoint of XY.
of ABC. XY 2 5
4. DF DG 4. Transitive property of XY 10
equality
C
5. D is on the bisector 5. Converse of the Angle
29. The midpoint of AB is
of C. Bisector Theorem
6. D is equidistant from
AB, BC, and CA.
6. Givens and Steps 2, 3,
and 4
0 2 12, 0 2 6 122, 62 6, 3.
The midpoint of BC is
23. She could construct the perpendicular bisectors to find
the point that is equidistant from the vertices of the trian-
gle. By doing so, she would see that the perpendicular 12 2 18, 6 2 0 302, 62 15, 3.
bisectors do intersect at a point on the hypotenuse. Since The midpoint of AC is
the point on the hypotenuse would be the point of inter-
section of the perpendicular bisectors, then it would be
equidistant from the vertices.
0 2 18, 0 2 0 182, 02 9, 0.
24.–25. The radius is 60 6 1
y The slope of AB .
approximately 12 0 12 2
A(2, 5)
212 ft. The perpendicular bisector has slope 2 because
1
B(6, 3)
2 1.
2
1
y 3 2x 6
C(4, 1)
y 3 2x 12
1 x
y 2x 15 is an equation of the
1
perpendicular bisector of AB.
26. 22 ft 30 inches
06 6
30 in. 8 in. per year 3.75 years The slope of BC 1.
18 12 6
The mycelium is approximately 3.75 years old. —CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
29. —CONTINUED— 5.2 Mixed Review (p. 278)
The perpendicular bisector of BC has slope 1 because 1 1
32. A 2 bh 33. A 2 bh
1 1 1.
1
2 95 12 22 7
y 3 1 x 15 45 154
2 2
y 3 x 15
22.5 square units 77 square units
y x 12 is an equation of the perpendicular bisector
of BC.
34.
1
j has slope 3 because 13 3 1.
y 4 13 x 1
00 0
The slope of AC 0, so AC is
18 0 18 y 4 13 x 13
horizontal. y 13 x 13
3
So the perpendicular bisector is the vertical line x 9. An equation of j is y 3 x 13
1
3.
30. The lines y 2x 15 and x 9 intersect at the point 35. j has slope
1
because 2 2 1.
1
2
9, 3 because y 29 15 18 15 3.
To show 9, 3 is also on y x 12, substitute x 9 y 6 12 x 7
and y 3 in the equation. y 6 12 x 72
1 5
y x 12 y 2x 2
3 9 12 An equation of j is y 2 x 2.
1 5
3 3 36. j has slope

3
2 because 3
2
32 1.
Since 3 3 is true, the point 9, 3 is on the line y 8 2 x 2
3
y x 12. 3
y 8 2x 3
31. Let P be the point 9, 3. 3
y 2x 5
AP 9 0 3 0
2 2
3
An equation of j is y 2 x 5.
92 3 2
11
37. j has slope 10 because 10
11
10
11 1.
81 9
y 9 11
10 x 2
90
10 x 2
y 9 11
9 10
y 9 11 11
10 x 5
310 11 56
y 10 x 5
BP 9 12 3 6 2 2
11 56
An equation of j is y 10 x 5.
3 9
2 2
38. There is enough information to prove ABC DEC by
9 81 using the SAS Congruence Postulate.
90 39. There is not enough information given to prove
9 10 GJF GJH. One pair of congruent sides, one side
congruent to itself, and one pair of congruent angles are
310 given. But the angles must be the included angles and they
CP 9 182 3 02 are not.
92 32 40. There is enough information given to prove
PMN KML. One pair of congruent legs and one
81 9
pair of congruent hypotenuses are given. The HL
90 Congruence Theorem can be used to prove
9 10 PMN KML.
310
Lesson 5.3
Since AP BP CP 310, P is equidistant from A,
B, and C. 5.3 Guided Practice (p. 282)
1. The centroid of a triangle is the point where the three

medians intersect.
2. The legs, KM and LM, of right KLM are also altitudes
of KLM because KM is the perpendicular segment from
K to LM and LM is the perpendicular segment from L to
KM.
Chapter 5 continued
3. DG FG indicates that G is the midpoint of DF. 16. Sample answer:
Therefore, EG is a median of DEF. AD 64 mm
4. EGDF indicates that EG is an altitude of DEF. AN 96
5. DEG FEG indicates the DEF is bisected. So EG AD 23 AN
is an angle bisector of DEF.
64 3
2
96
6. EGDF and DG FG indicates G is the midpoint of
DF and EG is a perpendicular bisector of DEF, but it is 64 64
also a median, an altitude, and an angle bisector since BD 54 mm
DGE FGE by the SAS Congruence Postulate so BL 81 mm
DEG FEG.
BD 3 BL
2
7. DGE FGE indicates DEG FEG,
DGE FGE, and DG FG. In this case EG is a 54 3
2
81
perpendicular bisector, an angle bisector, a median, and 54 54
an altitude of DEF.
CD 40 mm
5.3 Practice and Applications (pp. 282–284) CM 60 mm
CD 3 CM
2
8. FH DH 9
9.
2
EP 3 EH 10. PH PE EH
40 3
2
60
8 2
PH 8 12 40 40
3 EH
The distance from the centroid to a vertex is two thirds of
3
2 8 EH PH 4
the distance from that vertex to the midpoint of the oppo-
12 EH site side.
11. EH2 HF2 EF2
122 92 EF2
17. Q 1 2 11, 22 2 102, 02 5, 0
144 81 EF2 18. PQ 5 52 0 62
225 EF2 02 62

15 EF 0 36
Perimeter of DEF DE EF FD 36
2DG 15 2DH 6
2
2 7.5 15 2 9 19. PT 3 PQ
15 15 18 PT 3
2
6
48 units PT 4
PH 4 1 The coordinates of T are 5, 6 4 5, 2.
12.
12 5, 22 6 42, 42 2, 2
EH 12 3
20. R
PH 4 1

EP 8 2 NT 11 5 6
13.–14. Sample answer: NR 11 2 9
C NT 6 2

NR 9 3
L
D
N
21. M 5 2 3, 2 2 6 82, 82 4, 4
A M B
ABC is an acute triangle.

15. Yes, they all met at the same point. It is labeled as point
D.

Chapter 5 continued
22. JP 5 72 6 102 28. G and H are the same point.
22 42 29. When GH is measured, it is found that GH 0. Since

GH 0, then G and H must be the same point; therefore
4 16
the lines containing the three altitudes intersect at one
20 point.
4 5 30.–32. B R C
25
JM 4 72 4 10 M
32 62 r S P
9 36
45 L
9 5 D
35
33. The measure of the angle between r and MP is approxi-
23. JP 23 JM mately 20.
25 23 35 34. a. AD2 CD2 AC2
25 25 122 CD2 152
24. Sample answer: 144 CD2 225
C P is the orthocenter of CD2 81
ABC.
CD 9
P
1 1
b. A
2
bh
2
20 9 90 square units
A B c. Check drawings.
1 1
d. A bh e. A bh
25. Sample answer: 2 2
The orthocenter of EFG is 1 2A bh
E 90
2
CA BE
point G. 2A
h
1 b
90
2
15 BE
G F 90 7.5 BE
26. Sample answer: 12 BE
P is the orthocenter of The length of the altitude is equal to twice the area divid-
K
KLM. ed by the base.
L M
27.
C
D
E G
H
A F B

Chapter 5 continued
35. 40. The parallel line would also have slope 2.
Statements Reasons y 8 2x 3
1. ABC is isosceles; 1. Given y 8 2x 3
BD is a median to base y 8 2x 6
AC.
y 2x 14
2. D is the midpoint of AC. 2. Definition of median
An equation of the line through P that is parallel to
3. AD CD 3. Definition of midpoint y 2x 3 is y 2x 14.
4. AB CB 4. Definition of isosceles
41. The parallel line would also have slope 3.
triangle
y 9 3x 4
5. BD BD 5. Reflexive Property of
Congruence y 9 3x 12
6. BDC BDA 6. SSS Congruence Postulate y 3x 21
7. BDC BDA 7. Corresponding parts of An equation of the line through P that is parallel to
congruent triangles are y 3x 5 is y 3x 21.
1
congruent. 42. The parallel line would also have slope 2 .
8. BDC and BDA are a 8. Definition of linear pair y 2 12 x 4
linear pair. 1
y2 2 x 2
9. BDAC 9. If two lines intersect to
y 12 x
form a linear pair of con-
gruent angles, then the An equation of the line through P that is parallel to
lines are perpendicular. y 12 x 1 is y 12 x.
10. BD is also an altitude. 10. Definition of altitude 43. E H because you need the angles which do not
have DF or GJ as a side.
36. No, medians to the legs of an isosceles triangle are not
perpendicular to the legs (unless the triangle is actually 44. F J because you need the angles which have EF or
equilateral). HJ as a side.
37. Yes, the medians of an equilateral triangle are also alti- 45. Sample answer:
tudes because the proof for the isosceles triangle could be y (0, 9)
used for the equilateral triangle.
Yes, the medians would be contained in the angle bisec-
tors. By looking at the proof in Exercise 35, it can be
seen that the median was also the angle bisector since the
two triangles are congruent.
Yes the medians would be contained in the perpendicular
bisectors because it was shown in Exercise 35 that the 1
median was perpendicular to the side at the midpoint. 1 (13, 0) x
38. The median of an equilateral triangle is also a perpendic-

h 13 02 0 92
ular bisector of a side, an altitude, and an angle bisector.
132 92
5.3 Mixed Review (p. 284) 169 81
39. The parallel line would also have slope 1. 250
y 7 1x 1 25 10
y 7 x 1 510
y x 8
Quiz 1 (p. 285)
An equation of the line through P that is parallel to
y x 3 is y x 8. 1. 4x 9 3x 25 2. 3y y 24
4x 3x 16 2y 24
x 16 y 12

Chapter 5 continued
3. 62 82 VT2 This will occur for the bisector of the vertex angle of an
isosceles triangle and for the bisector of each angle of an
36 64 VT2
equilateral triangle.
100 VT2
Given: xxxxy
AD bisects BAC and C
10 VT xxxx is a median.
AD F
4. VT VS 10 because the perpendicular bisectors xxxx is an altitude and

Prove: AD D
intersect at a point equidistant from the vertices of the xxxx is a perpendicular
AD
triangle. xxxx.
bisector of BC A E B
5. The balancing point would be at point G because that is
→
the centroid of the triangle. In this drawing AD is the angle bisector of BAC and
AD is the median of the triangle. So DC DB. Since
→
5.3 Math and History (p. 285) AD is the angle bisector, DE DF or DE DF.
AD AD.
1. You need to go to the post office (P), then the market
(M), then the library (L) or in reverse order. Then ADE ADF by the HL Congruence Theorem.
Therefore, ADE ADF or mADE mADF
2. The goalie’s position on the angle bisector optimizes the
because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
chance of blocking a scoring shot because the distance
congruent. Also CFD BED by the HL Congruence
the goalie would have to travel to protect either side of
Theorem. So, CDF BDE or mCDF mBDE
the goal would be the same.
because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
congruent. Then mCDF mADF mBDE
Technology Activity 5.3 (p. 286)
mADE. So mADC mADB which are linear pairs.
Therefore, ADC ADB and ADCD. This would
Investigate mean that AD would be an altitude and a perpendicular
1. mBAF mCAF
bisector, also.
→
So AF is the angle bisector of BAC.
Lesson 5.4
2. F was the point of intersection of the angle bisectors
of angles ABC and BCA by construction. Since 5.4 Guided Practice (p. 290)
mBAF mCAF, xxxy AF is the angle bisector of
1. In ABC, if M is the midpoint of AB, N is the midpoint
BAC. Because angle bisector AF xxxy passes through the
of AC, and P is the midpoint of BC, then MN, NP, and
intersection point, F, of xxxxy
BD and CExxxy, the three angle
PN are midsegments of triangle ABC.
bisectors are concurrent.
2. It is convenient to position one of the sides of the triangle
3. AG BG. This makes CG a median also.
along the x-axis because some of the coordinates of two
4. F was the point of intersection of two medians by con- of the points will be zero and one side will be horizontal
struction. Since AG BG, G is the midpoint of AB and and have a slope of 0.
CG is the third median of the triangle. Since F is on CG
3. JH DF 4. GH DE
by construction, F is on all three medians and the medi-
ans are concurrent. 5. EF 2 EH 6. GH
1
2 DE
2 10.6
1
2 24
5. Sample measures are given:
21.2 12
AD 72 mm
7. DF 2 DG 8. JH
1
2 DF
AF 108 mm
28
1
2 16
AD 72 2
16 8
AF 108 3
2
Yes, AD 3 AF 9. GJ
1
2 EF
AD

1
2 21.2
6. No, the quotient does not change.
AF 10.6
Extension Perimeter GJ JH GH
For any triangle in which the angle bisector is contained 10.6 8 12

in the same line as the median, the line will also contain 30.6
an altitude and perpendicular bisector of the triangle.
—CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
10. A 0 2 2, 0 2 8
B 2 2 10, 8 2 4
21. D 0 2 5, 2 22
52, 02
52, 0
22, 82
122, 122
E 5 2 10, 22 6
152, 42
152, 2
1, 4 6, 6
11. AB 6 1 6 4 2 2
F 0 2 10, 2 2 6
102, 82
5, 4
52 22 6 2 8
22. Slope of BC
10 5 5
25 4
40 4 2 8
29 5.4 Slope of DF 4
5 5 5 5
5
AB 5.4 10 yd 54 yd 2 2
12. LM BC 13. AB MN Since the slopes of BC and DF are equal, BC DF.
14. LN AC 20 10
1 1
5 25
2
2 2
DF 4 02
15. AB 2 MN 2 7 14
16. BC 2 NC LM 12 BC 2.52 42
29 NC 6.25 16
18 9 22.25
17. LM 12 BC 18. MN 12 AB BC 10 52 6 22
3x 7 12 7x 6 x 1 2 6x 18
1 52 82
7
3x 7 2 x 3 x 1 3x 9 25 64
3x 7
2x 4 x 3x 8 89
894
1
2 x 4 2x 8 89 89 1
DF 22.25 89
x8 x4 4 2 2
1
LM 3x 7 AB 6x 18 DF BC
2
387 6 4 18 1
So BC DF and DF BC.
2
24 7 24 18 23. y
31 6 C (2a, 2b)
19. BLN, A, and NMC are congruent by the D (a, b)

E(a c, b)
Corresponding Angles Postulate, as are BNL, C, and
LMA. LMA NLM and NMC LNM by
the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem. A(0, 0) F (c, 0) B(2c, 0) x
So, by the Transitive Property of Congruence, BLN,

A, NMC, and LNM are congruent, as are BNL,
C, LMA, and NLM. Then B, ALM, LMN,
F 0 2 2c, 0 2 0
2c2 , 20
c, 0
and MNC are all congruent by the Third Angles b0
24. Slope of DF
Theorem and the Transitive Property of Congruence. ac
20. Sample answer: b

ac
C
2b 0
F Slope of CB
E
2a 2c
2b

A D B 2a 2c
Use the construction of the perpendicular bisectors of the 2b

sides to find the midpoints D, E, and F. 2a c
DE, EF, and DF are the midsegments of ABC.
b
ac
—CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
24. —CONTINUED— 93 6 3
Slope of LM
Since the slopes of DF and CB are equal, DF CB. 51 4 2
b0 b 3
Slope of EF Draw a line through N with slope .
acc a 2
2b 0 2b b The lines intersect at A0, 2, B8, 10, and C2, 8.
Slope of CA
2a 0 2a a 27. y
Since the slopes of EF and CA are equal, EF CA.

C
25. DF a c2 b 02 M(9, 6)
N(5, 4)
a c b 2 2 B
2
EF a c c2 b 02 2 x
L(7, 1)
A
a2 b2
CB 2a 2c2 2b 02
22a c2 2b2 41 3 3
Slope of LN
57 2 2
4a c 4b 2 2
3
4a c2 b2 Draw a line through M with slope .
2
4a c2 b2
64 2 1
2a c2 b2 Slope of MN
95 4 2
CA 2a 02 2b 02 1
Draw a line through L with slope .
2a2 2b2 2
4a2 4b2 61 5
Slope of LM
97 2
4 a2 b2
5
4a2 b2 Draw a line through N with slope .
2
2a2 b2
The lines intersect at A3, 1, B11, 3, and C7, 9.
DF a c2 b2 1
28. GF 2 BD
12 2a c2 b2 1
8 2 BD
12 CB
16 BD
EF a2 b2
BC BG GC
12 2a2 b2
1 GC GC because BG GC.
2 CA
2GC
26. y
25
M(5, 9)
C B 10
L(1, 3) P CD BD BC 14 16 10 40 units
N(4, 4) 1
2 29. TU 2 PQ
A
2 x 12 20
10
43 1 ST 12 QR
Slope of LN
41 3
QU
1
Draw a line through M with slope . 9
3
P SU TU ST 12 10 9 31 units
94 5
Slope of MN 5
54 1
Draw a line through L with slope 5.

Chapter 5 continued
30. 34. In Exercise 33, it was shown that AD DB and
C DE BF. So all that is left to show is that AE DF.
F H E
This can be done in the same manner that it was shown
that DE BF. By using the fact that DE is a midsegment
I G of ABC, DF 12 AC. By using the fact that E is the
A D B
midpoint of AC, we can get AE 12 AC. Therefore,
AE DF or AE DF and the triangles are congruent by
the SSS Congruence Postulate.
Perimeter of ABC is 4 times the perimeter of GHI.
35. Since PQ is closer to RS than MN, it must be longer than
GH 12 FD MN. Since MN is the midsegment, MN 12 RS or
1 1

BC MN 12 24 12 feet. So PQ cannot be 10 or 12 feet
2 2
1 long since it must be longer than MN , which is 12 feet
BC
4 long. PQ could be 14 feet long but not 24 feet long since
1
HI 2 DE PQ cannot equal RS. So, MN < PQ < RS, or
1 1
2 2
AC 12 < PQ < 24.
1 36. a.
4
AC y C (3, 7)
1
GI 2 FE F (4, 5)
1 1
2 2
AB (2, 4)
D B(5, 3)
1
4 AB
E(3, 2)
Perimeter of GHI GH HI GI 1
A(1, 1)
14 BC 14 AC 14 AB 1 x
4 BC AC AB
1
42 2
Perimeter of GHI 14 of perimeter of ABC b. slope of DE m1 2
23 1
1
31. The perimeter of the shaded triangle in Stage 1 is 2 c. The line containing CB has slope 2 and passes
because the length of each side of the shaded triangle through F(4, 5).
is 12 the length of a side in the original triangle.
y 5 2x 4
The total perimeter of the shaded triangle in Stage 2 is
1 1 1 1 1 vxxy is y 5 2(x 4).
An equation of CB
2 4 4 4 14 .
52 3
The total perimeter of the shaded triangles in Stage 3 is d. slope of EF m2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43 1
2 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
238. 54 1
slope of FD m3
42 2
32. The bottoms of the legs will be 60 inches apart. Since the
cross bar attaches at the midpoints of the legs, the cross The line containing AC has slope 3 and passes through
bar is a midsegment of the triangle formed by the two D2, 4.
legs and the ground. Since the length of the midsegment y 4 3x 2
is half of the length of third side, the length of the cross ↔
An equation of AC is y 4 3x 2.
bar, 30 inches, is half of the distance between the bottoms
of the legs, 60 inches. The line containing AB has slope 12 and passes through
E3, 2.
33. DE is a midsegment of ABC, so D is the midpoint of
AB and AD DB. By the Midsegment Theorem, y 2 12 x 3
DE BC and DE 12 BC. But F is the midpoint of BC, so ↔
An equation of AB is y 2 12 x 3.
1
BF 2 BC. Then by the transitive property of equality ↔ ↔
and the definition of congruent segments, DE BF. e. BC : y 5 2x 4 AC : y 4 3x 2
Corresponding angles ADE and ABC are congruent, y 5 2x 8 y 4 3x 6
so ADE DBF by the SAS Congruence Postulate.
y 2x 13 y 3x 2
↔
AB: y 2 12 x 3
y 2 12 x 32
1 1
y 2x 2
—CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
↔ 38. y y 24 12 is the function
n
f. To find A, find the point of intersection of AB and
24
↔ that gives the length of the
Midsegment
AC. 20
midsection at Stage n. From
length
↔ 16
AB has the equation y 12 x 12. 12 one stage to the next, the
↔ 8 length is multiplied by 12.
AC has the equation y 3x 2. 4
1
By substitution, 2x 12 3x 2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6n
1 5 Stage
2x 3x 2
5
2 x 52
5.4 Mixed Review (p. 293)
x1
39. x 3 11
y 3x 2
x 14 Addition property of equality
y312
40. 3x 13 46
y321
3x 33 Subtraction property of equality
So, A1, 1.
↔ ↔ x 11 Division property of equality
To find B, find the point of intersection of AB and BC.
↔ 41. 8x 1 2x 17
AB has the equation y 12 x 12.
↔ 8x 2x 18 Addition property of equality
BC has the equation y 2x 13.
By substitution, 21 x 12 2x 13
1
x3 Division property of equality
2x 2x 25
5
5 42. 5x 12 9x 4
2x 25
2
5x 9x 16 Subtraction property of equality
x5
y 2x 13
x4 Division property of equality
y 2 5 13
43. 24x 1 14
y 10 13
4x 1 7 Division property of equality
y3
4x 8 Addition property of equality
So, B5, 3.
↔ ↔ x 2 Division property of equality
To find C, find the point of intersection of AC and BC.
↔ 44. 93x 10 27
AC has the equation y 3x 2.
↔ 3x 10 3 Division property of equality
BC has the equation y 2x 13.
By substitution, 3x 2 2x 13 7
x 3 Division property of equality
3x 2x 15
45. 2x 1 3 23
5x 15
2x 1 20 Subtraction property of equality
x3
x 1 10 Division property of equality
y 3x 2
x 11 Subtraction property of equality
y332
46. 3x 2x 5 40
y927
3x 2x 10 40 Distributive property
So, C3, 7.
5x 10 40 Simplify
37.
Stage n 0 1 2 3 4 5 x6 Division property of equality
Midsegment length 24 12 6 3 1.5 0.75

Chapter 5 continued
47. x 2 132 x 180 Extension
2x 134 180 Sample answer:

2x 46 measure of smallest angle 41
0.5
x 23 measure of largest angle 82
48. 10x 22 7x 1 38 180 length of shortest side 63 mm
0.656
length of longest side 96 mm
17x 61 180
The statement is false because the above example is a
17x 119
counterexample.
x7
49. 4x 61 7x 7 5.5 Guided Practice (p. 298)
4x 7x 54 1. The 1 inch side is opposite the smallest angle of 28, the

178 inch side is opposite the middle angle of 62, and the
3x 54 1
28 inch side is opposite the largest angle of 90.
x 18
→ → 2. No, it is not possible to draw a triangle with side lengths
50. CAD BAD and BCD ACD because AD, BD,
→ of 5 inches, 2 inches, and 8 inches because the sum of
and CD are angle bisectors and angle bisectors divide an the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be greater
angle into two congruent angles. than the length of the third side. But 5 2 is not greater
51. Point D is the incenter of ABC because it is the inter- than 8.
section of the angle bisectors of ABC. 3. mD mE mF 180
52. DE DG DF because D is the point of intersection of 32 mE 103 180
the angle bisectors of ABC and D is equidistant from
mE 135 180
the sides of the triangle.
mE 45
53. DE2 EC2 CD2
The smallest angle is D and the largest angle is F.
DE2 82 102
4. The shortest side is EF and the longest side is DE.
DE2 64 100
5. The distance between Guiuan and Masbate has to be
DE2 36
greater than 165 99 66 miles and less than
DE 6 165 99 264 miles.
But DE DF because D is equidistant from the sides of
ABC. 5.5 Practice and Applications (pp. 298–301)
So, DF DE 6. 6. mA mB mC 180

mA 42 71 180
Lesson 5.5 mA 113 180
Technology Activity 5.5 (p. 294)

mA 67
AC is the shortest side because it is opposite the smallest
Investigate angle.
1. The longest side is opposite the largest angle. AB is the longest side because it is opposite the largest
angle.
2. The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
7. mR mS mT 180
3. The answers are the same.
mR 50 65 180
The longest side is opposite the largest angle.
mR 115 180
The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
mR 65
4. The longest side will always be opposite the largest
angle. The shortest side will always be opposite the RT is the shortest side. RS and ST are the longest sides
smallest angle. The side with the middle length will be RS ST.
opposite the angle with the middle measure. 8. mJ mH 90
mJ 35 90
mJ 55
JK is the shortest side. HJ is the longest side.

Chapter 5 continued
9. C is the smallest angle. B is the largest angle. 25. AB AC > BC
10. R is the smallest angle. Q is the largest angle. x 2 x 4 > 3x 1
11. H is the smallest angle. F is the largest angle. 2x 6 > 3x 1
12. y z x 13. x > y 2x > 3x 7
x > z x > 7
14. AB, BC, and AC x < 7
15. mD mE mF 180 26. It is shorter to cut across the empty lot because the sum
90 30 mF 180 of the lengths of the two sidewalks is greater than the
length of the diagonal across the lot. If the corner of
120 mF 180 Pleasant Street and Pine Street were labeled point A, the
mF 60 corner of Pine Street and Union Street were labeled point
B, and the corner of Union Street and Oak Hill Avenue
DF, DE, and EF
were labeled point C, ABC could be formed. By the
16. mG mJ mH 180 Triangle Inequality Theorem, AB BC > AC; that is,
mHGJ 120 35 180 walking around the sidewalks is longer than walking
through the lot.
mG 155 180
27. The sides and angles could not be positioned as they are
mG 25 labeled; for example, the longest side is not opposite the
HJ, JG, and HG largest angle.
17. L, K, and M 18. N, Q, and P 28. No, a kitchen triangle cannot have side lengths of 9 feet,
19. T, S, and R 3 feet, and 5 feet because 3 5 8 and 8 is not greater
than 9.
20.–23. Answers may vary; sample answers are given.
29. The boom is raised when the boom lines are shortened.
20.
5 in. 5 in.
6 in. 6 in. 30. AB must be less than 100 50 150 feet.
8 in. 6 in. 31. Yes, when the boom is lowered and length of the boom
lines, AB, is greater than 100 feet, then ABC will be
larger than BAC.
7 in. 7 in. 8 in. 8 in.
32. The third inequality would be x 14 > 10 and this is
4 in. 2 in. not helpful because since x is positive, x 14 > 10 for
all values of x.
21. 22.
6 in.
8.5 in. 33. MJJN, so MJN is a right triangle. The largest angle
4 in.
5 in. in a right triangle is the right angle, so
5.5 in. mMJN > mMNJ, so MN > MJ. (If one angle of a
7 in. triangle is larger than another , then the side opposite
the larger angle is longer than the side opposite the
23. The following combinations of lengths will not produce smaller angle.)
triangles: 4 inches, 4 inches, and 10 inches; 3 inches, 5
inches, and 10 inches; and, 2 inches, 7 inches, and 9
inches.
24. AB AC > BC
x 2 x 3 > 3x 2
2x 5 > 3x 2
2x > 3x 7
x > 7
x < 7

Chapter 5 continued
34. 5.5 Mixed Review (p. 301)
Statements Reasons
39.–41. Answers may vary. Sample answers are given.
1. ABC 1. Given
39. The proof for Example 2 on page 230 is a two-column
2. Extend AC to D such 2. Ruler Postulate proof.
that AB AD.
40. The proof for Example 1 on page 229 is a paragraph
3. AD AC DC 3. Segment Addition proof.
Postulate
41. The proof for Example 3 on page 158 is a flow proof.
4. 1 2 4. Base Angles Theorem
42. 5 and 1 are corresponding angles. So are 5 and 9.
5. mDBC > m2 5. Protractor Postulate
43. 12 and 9 are vertical angles.
6. mDBC > m1 6. Substitution property of
44. 6 and 3 are alternate interior angles. So are 6 and
equality
11.
7. DC > BC 7. If one angle of a triangle is
45. 7 and 2 are alternate exterior angles. So are 7 and
larger than another angle, then
10.
the side opposite the larger
angle is longer than the side 31 2 1
46. slope of LM m1
opposite the smaller angle. 2 2 4 2
8. AD AC > BC 8. Substitution property of 3 1 4
slope of MN m2 4
equality 23 1
9. AB AC > BC 9. Substitution property of 1 1 2 2
slope of LN m3
equality 2 3 5 5
35. x > y since the side opposite the angle of x is longer The line containing AB has slope 4 and passes through
than the side opposite the angle of y n 3 > n. A L 2, 1.
36. z is the measure of the exterior angle and x y z. y 1 4x 2
B
y 1 4x 2
37. D
y 1 4x 8
38.
y 4x 7
Statements Reasons
2
1. PCplane M 1. Given The line containing AC has slope and passes through
5
2. Let D be a point on 2. A plane contains at least M2, 3.
plane M distinct from C. three noncollinear points.
↔ 2
3. CDPC 3. Definition of a line y 3 x 2
perpendicular to a plane 5
4. PCD is a right angle. 4. If two lines are perpendic- 2
y3 x
4
ular, then they intersect to 5 5
form four right angles. 2 19
y x
5. PCD is a right triangle. 5. Definition of right triangle 5 5
6. PDC is an acute angle. 6. The non-right angles in a 1
The line containing BC has slope , and passes through
right triangle are acute 2
angles. N3, 1.
7. mPDC < 90 7. Definition of an acute
1
angle y 1 x 3
2
8. mPCD 90 8. Definition of a right angle
1 3
9. mPDC < mPCD 9. Substitution property of y1 x
2 2
equality
1 5
10. PD > PC 10. If one angle of a triangle is y x
2 2
larger than another angle,
then the side opposite the —CONTINUED—
larger angle is longer than
the side opposite the
smaller angle.

Chapter 5 continued
46. —CONTINUED— 2 19
↔ ↔ y x
To find A, find the point of intersection of AB and AC. 5 5
y 4x 7 1 5
y x
2 2
2 19
y x 1 5 2 19
5 5 x x
2 2 5 5
2 19
4x 7 x 5x 25 4x 38
5 5
2 54 5x 4x 63
4x x
5 5 9x 63
18 54 x7
x
5 5 1 5
y x
x 3 2 2
y 4x 7 1 5
y
2
72
y 43 7
y 12 7 7 5
y
2 2
y5
y1
The point A has coordinates 3, 5.
↔ ↔ The coordinates of C are 7, 1.
To find B, find the point of intersection of AB and BC.
52 3
y 4x 7 47. slope of LM m1 3
3 2 1
1 5
y x 20 2 1
2 2 slope of MN m2
2 6 4 2
1 5
4x 7 x 50 5
2 2 slope of LN m3
3 6 3
1 9
4x x 1
2 2 The line containing AB has slope and passes through
2
9 9 L3, 5.
x
2 2 1
y 5 x 3
x 1 2
y 4x 7 1
y 5 x 3
y 41 7 2
y47 1 3
y5 x
2 2
y 3
1 13
The coordinates of B are 1, 3. y x
2 2
↔ ↔
To find C, find the point of intersection of AC and BC. 5
The line containing BC has slope and passes through
3
M2, 2.
5
y 2 x 2
3
5
y 2 x 2
3
5 10
y2 x
3 3
5 16
y x
3 3
—CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
47. —CONTINUED— ↔ ↔
To find C, find the intersection of AC and BC.
The line containing AC has slope 3 and passes through
y 3x 18
N6, 0.
5 16
y 0 3x 6 y x
3 3
y 3x 6
5 16
y 3x 18 3x 18 x
3 3
↔ ↔
To find A, find the intersection of AB and AC. 5 70
3x x
1 13 3 3
y x
2 2 14 70
x
y 3x 18 3 3
1 13 x 5
x 3x 18
2 2 y 3x 18
1 49 y 35 18
x 3x
2 2
y 15 18
7 49
x y 3
2 2
The coordinates of C are 5, 3.
x 7
65 1 1
y 3x 18 48. Slope of LM m1
39 6 6
y 37 18
51 4
y 21 18 Slope of MN m2 4
98 1
y3 61 5
Slope of LN m3 1
The coordinates of A are 7, 3. 38 5
↔ ↔
To find B, find the point of intersection of AB and BC. The line containing AB has slope 4 and passes through
1 13 L3, 6.
y x
2 2 y 6 4x 3
5 16 y 6 4x 12
y x
3 3 y 4x 6
1 13 5 16 The line containing BC has slope 1 and passes through
x x
2 2 3 3 M9, 5.
3x 39 10x 32 y 5 1x 9
3x 10x 7 y 5 x 9
7x 7 y x 14
x1 1
The line containing AC has slope and passes through
1 13 6
y x N8, 1.
2 2
1 13
y
2
1 2
1
y 1 x 8
6
1 13
y 1
y1 x
8
2 2 6 6
14
y 1
y x
7
2 6 3
y7 —CONTINUED—
The coordinates of B are 1, 7.

Chapter 5 continued
48. —CONTINUED— 2 4 2
↔ ↔ 49. slope of LM m1
To find A, find the point of intersection of AB and AC. 30 3
y 4x 6 4 6 2 2
slope of MN m2
03 3 3
1 7
y x 2 6 4
6 3 slope of LN m3 undefined
33 0
1 7
4x 6 x LN is vertical.
6 3
1 25 2
4x x The line containing AB has slope and passes through
6 3 3
L3, 2.
25 25
x
6 3 2
y 2 x 3
x2 3
y 4x 6 2
y2 x2
y426 3
y86 2
y x
3
y2
The line containing BC is a vertical line passing through
The coordinates of A are 2, 2. M0, 4.
↔ ↔
To find B, find the point of intersection of AB and BC. x0
y 4x 6 2
The line containing AC has slope and passes through
y x 14 3
N3, 6.
4x 6 x 14
4x x 20 2
y 6 x 3
3
5x 20
2
x4 y6 x2
3
y 4x 6
2
y446 y x8
3
y 16 6 ↔ ↔
To find A, find the point of intersection of AB and AC.
y 10 2
y x
The coordinates of B are 4, 10. 3
↔ ↔
To find C, find the point of intersection of AC and BC. 2
y x8
3
1 7
y x 2 2
6 3 x x8
3 3
y x 14
4
1 7 x 8
x x 14 3
6 3
x6
1 35
x x 2
6 3 y x
3
5 35
x 2
6 3 y
3
6
x 14
y 4
y x 14
The coordinates of A are 6, 4.
y 14 14
y0 —CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
49. —CONTINUED— 18. x > 9 because 70 > 60.
↔ ↔
To find B, find the point of intersection of AB and BC. 19. 3x 1 > x 3 because 115 > 45.
2 3x > x 2
y x
3 2x > 2
x0 x > 1
2 20. 4x 5 < 65 because 2 < 4.
y x
3
4x < 70
2
y
3
0 x < 17.5
21. Given that RS ST 12 in. and ST 5 in., assume that
y0
RS 7 in.
The coordinates of B are 0, 0.
↔ ↔ 22. Given MNP with Q the midpoint of NP, assume MQ is
To find C, find the point of intersection of AC and BC. not a median.
2 23. Given ABC with mA mB 90, assume
y x8
3 mC 90.
x0 24. C Assume that there are two points, P and Q, where m
2 and n intersect.
y x8
3 B Then there are two lines (m and n) through points P
2 and Q.
y
3
08 A But this contradicts Postulate 5, which states that there
y08 is exactly one line through any two points.
y 8 D It is false that m and n can intersect in two points, so

they must intersect in exactly one point.
25. Case l: Assume that EF < DF. If one side of a triangle
is longer than another side, then the angle oppo-
Lesson 5.6 site the longer side is larger than the angle oppo-
site the shorter side, so mD < mE. But this
5.6 Guided Practice (p. 305)
contradicts the given information that
1. An indirect proof might also be called a proof by contra- mD > mE.
diction because in an indirect proof, you prove that a Case 2: Assume that EF DF. By the Converse of the
statement is true by first assuming that its opposite is Base Angles Theorem, mE mD. But this
true. If this assumption leads to a contradiction, then you contradicts the given information that
have proved that the original statement is true. mD > mE.
2. To use an indirect proof to show that two lines m and n
Since both cases produce a contradiction, the assumption
are parallel, you would first make the assumption that that EF is not greater than DF must be incorrect and
lines m and n are not parallel. EF > DF.
3. m1 > m2 4. KL < NQ 5. DC < FE
26. Assume m n. Then m and n intersect in a point and the
6. In ABC, if you wanted to prove that BC > AC, you triangle shown in the diagram is formed.
would use the two cases BC < AC and BC AC in an m1 m2 m3 180 by the Triangle Sum
indirect proof. Theorem. Then m1 m2 180 m3 by the
Subtraction property of equality. But
5.6 Practice and Applications (pp. 305–307) m1 m2 180 because 1 and 2 are supple-
mentary. So 180 180 m3 by the Substitution
7. RS < TU 8. m1 m2 9. m1 > m2
property of equality. Then m3 0 by simplifying both
10. XY > ZY 11. m1 m2 12. m1 < m2 sides. But this is not possible; angle measures in a trian-
13. AB > CB 14. UT > SV 15. m1 > m2 gle cannot be zero.
16. The correct answer is C because BD CD, AD AD, So the assumption that m n must be false. Therefore,
and AC > AB so by the Converse of the Hinge Theorem m n.
m4 < m5.
17. The correct answer is B because AB DC, AD AD,
and m3 < m5 so by the Hinge Theorem AC > BD.

Chapter 5 continued
27. Case 1: Assume that RS > RT. Then mT > mS by 31.
the Converse of the Hinge Theorem. But Statements Reasons
RUS RUT by the ASA Congruence
Postulate, so S T or mS mT. This 1. AB DE, BC EF, 1. Given
is a contradiction. So RS ≤ RT. mABC > mDEF
Case 2: Assume RS < RT. Then mT < mS by 2. Construct a ray from B 2. Protractor Postulate
the Converse of the Hinge Theorem. But to construct an angle in
RUS RUT by the ASA Congruence the interior of ABC
Postulate, so S T or mS mT. that is congruent to
This is a contradiction. So RS ≥ RT. DEF .
Therefore RS RT and RST is an isosceles triangle. 3. Locate P on the con- 3. Ruler Postulate
structed ray such that
28. The paths are described by two triangles in which two BP ED .
sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of anoth-
er triangle, but the included angle in your friend’s triangle 4. PBC DEF 4. SAS Congruence Postulate
is larger than the included angle of your triangle, so the 5. PC DF 5. Corresponding parts of
side representing the distance from the airport is longer in congruent triangles are
your friend’s triangle. congruent
29. The paths are described by two triangles in which two 6. Locate H on AC so 6. Protractor Postulate
sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of anoth- xxxy bisects PBA.
that BH
er triangle, but the included angle in your friend’s triangle 7. PBH ABH 7. Definition of angle bisec-
is larger than the included angle in your triangle, so the tor
side representing the distance to the airport is longer in
your friend’s triangle. 8. PB AB 8. Transitive property of
congruence (Steps 1, 3)
30. a. As ED increases, mEBD increases because ∠EBD is
the angle opposite ED. 9. BH BH 9. Reflexive property of
congruence
As ED increases, mDBA decreases because mEBD
increases and DBA and EBD are supplementary. 10. ABH PBH 10. SAS Congruence Postulate
b. As ED increases, AD decreases because as ED 11. AH PH 11. Corresponding parts of

increases mEBD increases and mABD decreases congruent triangles are
making AD decrease. congruent
c. The cleaning arm illustrates the Hinge Theorem 12. AH PH 12. Definition of congruent
because the lengths of BE and BD remain constant segments
while mEBD and ED change. In EBD and ABD, 13. AC AH HC 13. Segment Addition
BE BD BA. The included angle in EBD, Postulate
EBD, is larger than the included angle in ABD,
14. AC PH HC 14. Substitution property of
ABD. So ED is longer than AD .
equality
15. PH HC > PC 15. Triangle Inequality
16. AC > PC 16. Substitution property of
equality
17. PC DF 17. Definition of congruent
segments (Step 5)
18. AC > DF 18. Substitution property of
equality

Chapter 5 continued
5.6 Mixed Review (p. 308) 7. DE is longer than AB because two sides of ABC are
32. isosceles 33. equilateral, equiangular, and isosceles
congruent to two sides of DEF and the included angle
DFE is larger than included angle BCA so DE > AB.
34. scalene 35. isosceles
8. The 2nd Group is farther from the camp because the
36. equiangular, equilateral, and isosceles groups’ paths form two triangles with 2 pairs of
37. isosceles congruent sides and the included angle for the 2nd group
is larger than the included angle for the 1st group.
38. x 13 x 19 3x
2x 32 3x Review (pp. 310–312)
32 x 1. If a point is on the perpendicular bisector of a segment,
39. mB x 19 40. mC x 13 then it is equidistant from the endpoints of the segment.
mB 32 19 mC 32 13 2. If UR UT, then U must be on the perpendicular
↔
mB 51 mC 45 bisector SQ of RT.
→ →
41. mBAC mB mC 180 3. If Q is equidistant from SR and ST, then Q is on the
bisector of RST.
mBAC 51 45 180
1
4. Let X be the midpoint of ST. Then XT 2 ST or
mBAC 96 180
XT 1
2 32 or XT 16.
mBAC 84
KX XT2 KT2
2
42. T RU is a median, an altitude, an

122 162 KT 2
angle bisector, and a perpendicular
bisector. RU divides RST into 144 256 KT 2
U two congruent triangles. It is short- 400 KT 2
er than each side of RST .
20 KT
R S
But KR KT 20 because K is equidistant from R, S,
and T.
5. WA2 AY2 WY2
5.6 Quiz 2 (p. 308) WA2 82 102

WA2 64 100
1. FG CE 2. If FG 8, then CE 16.
WA2 36
3. If the perimeter of CDE 42, then the perimeter of
GHF 21 WA 6
4. mL mM mQ 180 Since W is equidistant from the sides of XYZ,
WB WA 6.
75 mM 74 180
6. The special segments are angle bisectors and the point
mM 149 180
of concurrency is the incenter
mM 31 7. The special segments are perpendicular bisectors and
LQ, LM, MQ the point of concurrency is the circumcenter.
5. mM mP mQ 180 8. The special segments are medians and the point of
mM 49 50 180 concurrency is the centroid.
9. The special segments are altitudes and the point of
mM 99 180
concurrency is the orthocenter.
mM 81
MQ, MP, PQ
6. mM mN mP 180
mM 48 75 180
mM 123 180
mM 57
MP, NP, MN

Chapter 5 continued
11. The coordinates of the orthocenter of XYZ are 0, 0
10. midpoint of XY 42 0, 0 2 0 since XYZ is a right triangle and the two legs are also
altitudes of XYZ.
42, 02 12. The slope of LM m1
33 0
0
84 4
2, 0
31 2
midpoint of XZ 0 2 0, 6 2 0 02, 62 0, 3 The slope of MN m2 1
86 2
31 2
4 0 0 6
midpoint of YZ 2
,
2 The slope of LN m3
4 6 2
1
The line containing HJ has slope 1 and passes through

4 6
,
2 2 M8, 3.
y 3 1x 8
2, 3
y 3 x 8
30 3
m1 y x 11.
0 4 4
___ The line containing HK has slope 1 and passes through
An equation of the median to XZ is L4, 3 .
3
y 0 x 4. y 3 1x 4
4
3 y3x4
y x 4
4 y x 1.
3 The line containing JK has slope 0 and passes through
y x3 N6, 1.
4
30 3 y 1 0x 6
m2
2 0 2 y10
___
An equation of the median to YZ is y 1.
3 ↔ ↔
y 0 x 0. H is the point of intersection of HJ and HK.
2
y x 11
3
y x yx1
2
x 11 x 1
The centroid is the point of intersection of the two lines.
x x 12
3
y x3 2x 12
4
3 x6
y x
2 y x 11
3 3 y 6 11
x3 x
4 2
y5
9
3 x The coordinates of H are 6, 5
4 ↔ ↔
J is the point of intersection of HJ and JK.
4
x y x 11
3
3 y1
y x
2 1 x 11
3
y
2
4
3 10 x
10 x
y2
The coordinates of J are 10, 1.
4

The coordinates of the centroid of XYZ are , 2 .
3 —CONTINUED—

Chapter 5 continued
12. —CONTINUED— 20. The length of the third side must be less than the sum of
↔ ↔ the lengths of the other two sides. So the length of the
K is the point of intersection of HK and JK.
third side must be less than 300 feet 100 200. So the
yx1 maximum length of fencing needed is 600 feet
y1 100 200 300 of fencing.
1x1 21. AB < CB 22. m1 < m2 23. TU VS
2x 24. In MPQ, if M Q, then MP ≠ QP.
The coordinates of K are 2, 1. 25. Assume ABC has two right angles at A and B. Then
mA mB 180 and, since mC > 0,
13. Let L be the midpoint of HJ, M be the midpoint of JK,
mA mB mC > 180. This contradicts the
and N be the midpoint of HK.
Triangle Sum Theorem. Then the assumption that there is
The slope of LM 0 the slope of HK, so LM HK. such a ABC must be incorrect and no triangle has two
The slope of MN 1 the slope of HJ, so MN HJ. right angles.
The slope of LN 1 the slope of JK, so LN JK.
Chapter 5 Test (p. 313)
14. BG GC 9 15. RU UQ 9
1. If P is the circumcenter of RST, then PR, PS, and PT
BG GC BC RU UQ RQ are always equal.
→
9 9 BC 9 9 RQ 2. If BD bisects ABC, then AD and CD are sometimes
18 BC 18 RQ congruent.
1
GF 2 BD 1
ST 2 RQ 3. The incenter of a triangle never lies outside the triangle.
1
12 2 BD 1
ST 2 18 4. The length of a median of a triangle is sometimes equal to
the length of a midsegment.
24 BD ST 9
5. If AM is the altitude to side BC of ABC, then AM is
P BC CD BD TU 2 PQ
1
always shorter than AB.
P 18 22 24 TU 2
1
24 6. a. HC 23 CG
P 64 TU 12 HC 23 HC HG
P ST TU SU HC 23 HC 6
P 9 12 10 HC 23 HC 4
P 31 1
3 HC =4
16. The angle measurements in order from least to greatest HC 12
are mC, mA, and mB. The side measurements in
order from least to greatest are AB, BC, and AC. b. HG2 GB2 HB2
17. The angle measurements in order from least to greatest 62 82 HB2

are mD, mE, and mF. The side measurements in 36 64 HB2
order from least to greatest are EF, DF, and DE.
100 HB2
18. mJ mH mG 180
10 HB
mJ 50 70 180 1
c. HE 3 EB
mJ 120 180
3 HE HB
1
HE
mJ 60
3 HE 10
1
HE
The angle measurements in order from least to greatest 1 10
HE 3 HE 3
are mH, mJ, and mG. The side measurements in
2 10
order from least to greatest are GJ, GH, and HJ. 3 HE 3
19. mL mK 90 HE 5

mL 55 90 d. BC CF FB
mL 35 BC 9.9 9.9

The angle measurements in order from least to greatest BC 19.8
are mL, mK, and mM. The side measurements in
order from least to greatest are KM, LM, and KL.

Chapter 5 continued
7. Point H is the centroid of the triangle. Chapter 5 Standarized Test (pp. 314–315)
2
8. CG is a(n) median, perpendicular bisector, altitude, and 1. 4x 9 3 x 21 2. D 3. B
angle bisector of ABC. 4x
2
30
3x
1
9. EF 2 AB and EF AB by the Midsegment Theorem. 10
3 x 30
10. mBAC > mACB because the side opposite BAC is
x9
longer than the side opposite ACB. 9
2y 4 5y 6
11. To locate the pool so that its center is equidistant from
9
the sidewalks, find the incenter of the triangle by con- 2y 5y 2
1
structing angle bisectors of two angles of the triangle and 2 y 2
locating the point of intersection of the bisectors. This
y4
point will be equidistant from each sidewalk.
B
12. The converse of the Hinge Theorem guarantees that the
angles between the legs get larger as the legs are spread
apart.
4. The midpoint of FG is M 12 2 2, 1 2 1
14
2 2
13. The maximum distance between the end of two legs is 2
10 feet because the length of the third side of the triangle ,
must be less than the sum of the lengths of the other two
7, 1.
sides.
The centroid is two thirds of the distance from each
14. O
vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.
2
CH 3 MH
But MH 1 11 12.
C 2
A
B So CH 3 MH
If mAOC > mBOC, then AC is longer than BC

CH 3
2
12
because two sides of one triangle are congruent to two CH 8
sides in another triangle and the measure of the included The coordinates of C are 7, 11 8 or 7, 3.
angle of one triangle is larger than the measure of the
included angle of the other triangle (Hinge Thm.). E
15. 5. KP 16, so PL 16
Statements Reasons MK 12, so NP 12
1. AC BC 1. Given NP2 PL2 NL2
2. AC CE AE 2. Segment Addition Post. 122 162 NL2
3. BC CE AE 3. Substitution property 144 256 NL2
of equality
400 NL2
4. BE < BC CE 4. Triangle Inequality Theorem
20 NL
5. BE < AE 5. Substitution property of
So P NP PL NL
equality
P 12 16 20
P 48
16. Assume mD mABC. Then AD AB because if
two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides C
opposite them are congruent. So AD AB by the defini- 6. A
tion of congruent segments. But this contradicts the given
7. The length of the side has to be greater than 28 16 or
statement that AD AB. Therefore, the assumption must
be false. So mD mABC. 12 inches and less than 28 16 44 inches. A
8. A
9. x y 90 because the sum of the measures of the acute
angles of a right triangle is 90.

Chapter 5 continued
10. x > y because the side opposite G is longer than the ↔ 00 0
14. The slope of AC m1 0
side opposite H. 18 0 18
↔
11. If x y, then x 45. But x > y so x > 45. C The slope of the line perpendicular to AC is undefined.
↔
12. The location of the point of intersection of the perpendic- So the line perpendicular to AC that passes through B is
ular bisectors is the midpoint of GH because GHJ is a the line x 12.
right triangle. ↔ 60 6 1
The slope of AB m2
13. Let M be the midpoint of AB. 12 0 12 2
↔
M 0 2 12, 0 2 6 122, 62 6, 3 The slope of the line perpendicular to AB is 2 because
1
2
2 1.
Let N be the midpoint of BC.
↔
12 2 18, 6 2 0 302, 62 15, 3
An equation of the line perpendicular to AB and passing
N through C18, 0 is y 0 2x 18
Let P be the midpoint of AC. y 2x 36.
↔ 60
0 2 18, 0 2 0 182, 02 9, 0
6
P The slope of BC m3 1.
12 18 6
↔
↔ 30 3 1 The slope of the line perpendicular to BC is 1 because
The slope of AN m1 1 1 1.
15 0 15 5
↔
↔ 1 An equation of the line parallel to BC and passing
An equation of AN is y 0 x 0 through A0, 0 is y 0 1x 0
5
1 y x.
y x
5 ↔ ↔
The orthocenter is the point of intersection of BM, AN,
↔ 60 6 ↔
The slope of BP m2 2 and CP.
12 9 3
↔ x 12
An equation of BP is y 0 2x 9
y 2x 36
y 2x 18
y 2 12 36
↔ 30 3 1
The slope of CM m3 y 24 36
6 18 12 4
↔ 1 y 12
An equation of CM is y 0 x 18
4 The coordinates of the orthocenter are 12, 12.
1 9
y x 15. a. The coordinates of the centroid are 10, 2. The coor-
4 2
↔ ↔ dinates of the orthocenter are 12, 12. Find the equa-
The centroid is the point of intersection of AN, PB, and tion of the line passing through the centroid 10, 2
↔ and the orthocenter 12, 12, then show that the cir-
CM.
cumcenter 9, 3 is also on the line.
1
y x 12 2 10
5 slope m 5
12 10 2
y 2x 18
An equation of the line passing through the centroid
1
x 2x 18 and the orthocenter is
5
y 2 5x 10
9
x 18 y 2 5x 50
5
x 10 y 5x 48
1 Substitute the coordinates of the circumcenter into

y x this equation.
5
1 —CONTINUED—
y
5
10
y2
The coordinates of the centroid are 10, 2.

Chapter 5 continued
15. —CONTINUED— Present Your Results
3 5 9 48 Projects may vary.
3 45 48
Extension
3 3
Since 3 3 is true, the circumcenter is on the The conjecture does not work for all four–sided shapes. The
same line as the centroid and the orthocenter. following is an example for which it was not true.
Therefore, they are all collinear.
b. The distance from the circumcenter C to the centroid
D is CD.
CD 10 92 2 32
12 52
1 25
26
The distance from the circumcenter C to the
orthocenter P is CP.
CP 12 92 12 32
32 152
9 225
234
926
326
1
CD CP
3
1
26
3
326
26 26
So the distance from the circumcenter to the centroid

is one third the distance from the circumcenter to the
orthocenter.
Project Chapters 4–5 (pp. 316–317)
Investigation
1. The lines are medians because they are the lines that con-
tain the line segments whose endpoints are a vertex of the
triangle and the midpoint of the opposite side.
2. The balancing point of the triangle is the centroid because
it is the point of intersection of the medians.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Conjecture: The balancing point of a square, a
rectangle, a parallelogram, or a rhombus is the point of
intersection of its diagonals.
5. Answers will vary.
Sample answer: I tested the conjecture by making more
example shapes of each kind. The results were the same
each time. The balancing point was the point of intersec-
tion of the diagonals.


5

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MCRBG-0501-SK.

qxd 6-14-2001 11:37 AM Page 80

Think & Discuss (p. 261) Drawing Conclusions

1. Answers may vary. vxxxy is perpendicular to AB

Skill Review (p. 262)

Point D Point E Point F Point G

5.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 268–271)

80 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 81

2. D is equidistant from 2. Given

33. Line l is the perpendicular bisector of AB. 02 2 1

41. d 12 cm 42. C 2r

82 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

8 8 0 Sample answer:

10. always 11. always 12. never 13. sometimes

The three segments that are formed by connecting the KB CK 3

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 83

84 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

3 3 36. j has slope

1. The centroid of a triangle is the point where the three

225 EF2 02  62

ABC is an acute triangle.

86 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

22  42 29. When GH is measured, it is found that GH 0. Since

26. Sample answer: 12 BE

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 87

6. BDC  BDA 6. SSS Congruence Postulate y 3x 21

median was perpendicular to the side at the midpoint. 1 (13, 0) x

38. The median of an equilateral triangle is also a perpendic-

88 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

4. VT VS 10 because the perpendicular bisectors xxxx is an altitude and

For any triangle in which the angle bisector is contained 10.6 8 12

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 89

19. BLN, A, and NMC are congruent by the D (a, b)

So, by the Transitive Property of Congruence, BLN,

90 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Since the slopes of EF and CA are equal, EF CA.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 91

92 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 93

2x  134 180 Sample answer:

4x 7x 54 1. The 1 inch side is opposite the smallest angle of 28, the

So, DF DE 6. 6. mA  mB  mC 180

Technology Activity 5.5 (p. 294)

94 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 95

96 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 97

98 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

The coordinates of C are 14, 0.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 99

y 8 D It is false that m and n can intersect in two points, so

100 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

b. As ED increases, AD decreases because as ED 11. AH  PH 11. Corresponding parts of

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 101

42. T RU is a median, an altitude, an

5.6 Quiz 2 (p. 308) WA2 82 102

102 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

The line containing HJ has slope 1 and passes through

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 103

2x 24. In MPQ, if M  Q, then MP ≠ QP.

17. The angle measurements in order from least to greatest 62 82 HB2

19. mL mK 90 HE 5

mL 35 BC 9.9 9.9

41. d 12 cm 42. C 2r

225 EF2 02 62

22 42 29. When GH is measured, it is found that GH 0. Since

6. BDC BDA 6. SSS Congruence Postulate y 3x 21

2x 134 180 Sample answer:

4x 7x 54 1. The 1 inch side is opposite the smallest angle of 28, the

So, DF DE 6. 6. mA mB mC 180

y 8 D It is false that m and n can intersect in two points, so

b. As ED increases, AD decreases because as ED 11. AH PH 11. Corresponding parts of

2x 24. In MPQ, if M Q, then MP ≠ QP.

17. The angle measurements in order from least to greatest 62 82 HB2

19. mL mK 90 HE 5

mL 35 BC 9.9 9.9