2.

0 Methodology

The panel was switch on and the valves were set as follows for open tank - tank 1
 OPEN - MV10,MV11,MV12,MV21,MV23,MV3
 CLOSE- MV1,MV2,MV4-MV9,MV13-MV20,-MV22,BV1

Sample from feed tank was taken and the density was measured using a hydrometer.

Pump 2 was switch ON and the water level was observed until its overflow.

Pump 2 was switch OFF and the process was left for a few minutes to stabilize.

The experiment is repeated as follows

Close tank - Tank 1 Open tank - Tank 1 Close tank - Tank 1

(Ambient water)
The process is continued
by re-setting the valve
position accordingly to
table at result and
discussion.
Pump 2 remains OFF.
Open tank - Tank 2
(Ambient water)
All the steps are repeated
with valve position
accordingly to table at
result and discussion
(Sugar water)
The ambient water is
transferred to the feed
tank (tank 4) by opening
the valve MV21, MV15-
MV19 before using sugar
water so that the process
tank (T-1 and T-2) ready
for sugar water
experiment.
Change pump 2 in the
experimental procedure
to pump 1 for sugar
water.
(Sugar water)
The process is continued
by re-setting the valve
position accordingly to
table at result and
discussion.
Pump 1 remains OFF
Open tank - Tank 2
(Sugar water)
All the steps are repeated
with valve position
accordingly to table at
result and discussion.
All the sugar water are
transferred to feed tank
(tank 3) by opening the
valve MV14, MV20 and
MV21 after finishing the
experiment.
4. The calculated density is based on pressure difference (DP) reading. In your opinion, how
far the accuracy of calculated density? Suggest the way to improve the accuracy.
The density calculated based on only pressure difference (DP) reading is not really accurate
because the difference in both densities is the result of friction of the fluid against the pipe. Many
factors like piping convergence, divergence, turns, friction in pipe and other physical properties
that could influence pressure drop.

Hence, to improve the accuracy, replace the bend passage for the flow with a straight passage. The
globe valve should be seated parallel to the line of flow of the liquid, so that it can be used to
throttle the flow to any required degree, or to give positive shut-offs. When the valve is fully open,
it allows straight passage through an opening that is the same size as the inside diameter of the
connecting pipe, thus reducing the pressure drop inside the pipe to produce a more accurate density
measurement.