Inscriptions from Erythrae

Author(s): Ender Varınlıoğlu

Source: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 38 (1980), pp. 149-156
Published by: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20171866
Accessed: 24-11-2015 00:14 UTC

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/
info/about/policies/terms.jsp

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content
in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.
For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Zeitschrift für Papyrologie
und Epigraphik.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 149

Inscriptions from Erythrae

Excavations at Erythrae conducted by Professor Ekrem Akurgal

in the summer of 1978 brought forth more than twenty pieces of in
scribed stone which will be published by Sencer in future. I
?j?ahin
have the privilege of publishing some samples which I have taken
1)
from among other finds

1. Sacrificial Calendar
This small fragment was found at the elementary school of II
diri (Erythrae) where it was brought in winter season. Its exact

place in the ruins of Erythrae is not known. It is a small part of

an inscription which is known from other fragments found previous
ly. The text is the sacrificial calendar of days on which the pri
ces and kinds of animals to be sacrificed to certain deities are

prescribed. The first fragment which came to light was published

2) .
in 1909 by Wilamowitz The second fragment was seen in the school
3)
of Ildiri and left there by J. Keil in 1909 . The last one was pub
4) .
lished by Plassart-Picard in 1913 All these fragments were final

ly published together with a commentary in "Die Inschriften von Ery

thrai und Klazomenai" under No. 20 7 .

The new fragment is broken on all sides, nevertheless there is

an uninscribed space under the last line. Most probably it was rent
from the foot of a block. The main block, from which the other frag
ments came, was rectangular in shape and probably inscribed on all
four sides.

1) I am grateful to Professor E. Akurgal who gave me permission to stay at

the site of excavations and publish these samples.

2) Wilamowitz, Nordionische Steine (Abhandl. preuss. Akad. 1909), pp. 48

56, No. 12.

3) J. Keil, Jahreshefte des ?sterreichischen arch?ologischen Institutes, 13,

1910, Beibl. 34-41, No. 5.

4) Plassart-Picard, BCH, 37, 1913, 246 and J. Keil, ibid., 449.

5) H. Engelmann and. R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Erythrai und Kla

zomenai, Bonn, Vol. II, 1973, according to whose numeration the previously known
fragments are cited below. See also F. Sokolowski, Lois Sacr?es de l'Asie Mineure,
1955, No. 26.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 150 E. Varinlioglu

Piece of marble, h. 0.185m., w. 0.19 m., thickness 0.05m. The

height of the letters 0.01m.; Tafel VI Nr.1.

]o[
'
2 otniade Oeaic xcapou r\
l^Tcu?
xeXeicav] xeoa?pcav [p'
4 euxriL* ^Pc?unL/ x]e?eLOu k?', kolv[?v.
] ci?l
etc MLuavxa ?p[veLou
' '
6 ] ?vCXTTH 'Ep?dpCOL T8?e[LOU K?

] xat *Ouovo?aL xeA.eL[cav

* '
8 Arc?A ]?cav L, 'Apx?ut?L, YoAadnvc?v xpL&v ko
Arj[xoL
] All EcaxfipL, noae[L?&>vL
10 *Apx?uL]?L Sc?xeipaL, Alo[v?oo?l
deoLC TidoL nai ] n?oaiQ, xe[XeLcov ?kxc? o'.

2 ] xat? o[TiL??e deat? xoipou ri': The supplement is taken from

lines 21 and 25. Twice a month swine were sacrificed to this group.
Before Tau at the edge of the break the lower right-hand part
of an angled letter is discernible on the squeeze.

3 xe?eLG?v] xeoa?pcav [p#: This line can be used to find the po

sition of the fragment within the sequence of days of an uncertain
month . This is the only group (of four deities) to whom four

sheep are sacrificed: xex?pxnL* *Hpax?eL KaAAlvlkool, noaeL?&VL 'A

acpaXeic?L, 'Atto??gqvl, 'Apx?uxoL xolq ?v x&l thjX&vl, xeXetcov] xeoa?

pcav [p'. To this group four sheep are sacrificed, always on the

fourth day of a month. There is no exception to this rule. See 11.

8; 41; 58; 847).

This cannot be part of the narrow side of the main block,
piece

for there these deities covered a space of four consecutive lines,

11. 4-8. Even on the broad sides, however, one would expect to read

some of the remaining letters of the names of these four deities

in the preceding line, since their names and epithets might not
find enough space on the same line with xeoa?pcav [p', as on 11. 83
-84.

After ca at the edge of the break a slanting vertical line can

be seen.

6) Cf. Wilamowitz, op. cit. 51.

7) Comp. Keil, op. cit. 39, note 39.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 Inscriptions from Erythrae 15]

4 Roma, the king Antiochus and "the Kings" received sacrifi

ces (called kolv?v) as the gods of political cults. Roma received
sacrifices three times, always on the 6^h day of a month after the

group of four deities. Not taking into consideration her occurren

ce once on the narrow side, 1. 11, she follows the four deities af
ter a line on the broad sides: 1. 60 and 86. Here she is on the
next line, probably on the sixth day of the month, and provides
our second point of orientation. At the edge of the break the ha
sta and the middle stroke of Nu joining to it is discernible.

5 The promontory Mimas must have been of some importance in

the religious life of the Erythraeans. This mountain was thought
to be a holy place, to which processions were made; ULUOCvxo?axriG
was interpreted as the responsible person in some way related to
8 )
this mountain and to the ceremonies . Here a or a is
god goddess

related to this mountain: ]a?L etc Mtuavxa.

At the edge at the beginning of the line the diagonal stroke
of a letter, probably Kappa, can be seen. I do not think that -a?L

(Dative) here is used for dating. The word ?v?xnt on the next line

brings to mind e?]K?oL, the twentieth day, and ?v?xn.L following it,
the twenty-second day of a full month or the 21st of a hollow

month. But it has been determined that Ttpoxepcu (oeKaxru) is used

throughout the whole text (on all three fragments) for the twen
9) .
tieth day In the other fragments of the calendar, no qualifying
words (laxau?vou or o?Olvovxoq) are used in the count of the first
and third decades of the month.
At the end of the line after Alpha a vertical line, probably
the side of Rho, is discernible. Here a ram (?pveL?Q) is sacrifi

ced to the deity. Cf. line 74.

6 On the ninth day of a month a sheep is sacrificed to the

eponymous founder of the city. The formula for sacrifices to heroes

is direct and simple; first the day is indicated, then the name of

8) LBW, III, 57; RE XV, 1714; Engelmann-Merkelbach, op. cit. No. 64, pp.
161-163.

9) Keil, op. cit. p. 38; Engelmann-Merkelbach, op. cit. p. 353, 1.27; Me

ritt, The Athenian Year (Berkeley 1961) p. 46 note 6, p. 58-59.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 152 E. Varinlioglu

the hero in the dative case follows, then the sacrifice of sheep.
Comp. Anchianax in 11. 14-16 and Athamas in 1. 102. It seems that
heroes received sacrifices of sheep once a year.

The letters ]caL ripcal" in 1. 74 can no longer be restored "to

the Hero Erythrus".

7 Comp. *OuovoLCtL with 1. 101.

8 In the other fragments, Artemis, Leto and Apollo stand in

pairs and receive two lambs in each case. Comp. 11. 18-19; 46;
54; 77-78. This is the first time that the whole family is toge
ther. The right side of an angled letter is visible before -cavL,

clearly *Atio?]?cavl .

9-11 Oeot Ttavxe? nat n?acu were seen once in 1. 53 next to

the line of Skxtil* All ScaxfipL. Keil suggested that Skxth there
should be understood as Skxth (cpdivovxoc )/ that is, a day in the
of a month
11 ) . Then we
last decade have come, it seems, to the end
of a month here too. A space of three lines after this line is un
inscribed before the stone breaks off. There might have been a bor

if stone were not broken a

12)
der the few inches above

9 Here Zeus Soter occurs together with Poseidon. He occurred

in 1. 44, and in 1. 52 together with Athena Polias.

10 Artemis Soteira for the first time here; she was not on
the list of priesthoods, No. 201. Dionysos occurs also in 1. 61
and 1. 63.

The uninscribed space after the last line suggests that this

piece could be a part of the lower end of the main block. But Keil1s

fragments also fit well at the end of the two broad sides at the
bottom of this block, for they too have borders after their last
lines. The new piece is not the continuation of either of the sides
which Keil published. If we take for instance line 60, it has xe

X]eCo\) ko', kolv?v which is almost the same as xjeXeiou ko', kol

v[?v on line 3 on our fragment. These two cannot have stood in the

10) Wilamowitz, op. cit. 54.

11) Keil, op. cit. 38.

12) Keil, op. cit. 35.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 Inscriptions from Erythrae 153

same line or in adjacent lines. The other broad side, beginning with
line 94, has nothing in common with our fragment, as seen especial

ly from the group of four deities. Keil's fragment ends on the third
of a month, whereas ours begins on the fourth day and continues with

eight more lines.

My opinion is therefore, that this new piece might not belong

to the same block from which Keil1s fragment came. If it were a

piece of the one single block, then there should have been columns
on the broad sides of the main block, as in our newspapers, ending
at the foot of the stone with a border before going to the next co
lumn on the right.

2. Victors in the Torch Race

A gray marble stele, found in the north-eastern part of the

city walls near a small chapel. This is the second piece which
makes mention of torch-races won by a team of runners who came from
13 )
neTipcaicov x^Laax?Q . The piece is broken on the right side. H.

0.26m., w. 0.285m., thickness 0.29m. and the height of letters 0.016

-0.02m.; Tafel VI Nr. 2.

- -
IIoaL?eoc no[oL?- ]

2 ?auTta?apxtc?v - -
?v]
xfiL nenpcoLcav x[ L?LaaxUL ]
4 -
eut lepoTio[LO? ]
- - -
Kp?xou Kc? v[ ]
6 x?g ?auTia[?aQ av??riKav ]
- -
*Epy.et %Hpa[K?eL- ]

1 The name noai?eo? is found also in no. 42.

2 On the list of winners in no. 81 the name of the lampadarches

is indicated separately after the winning team of men who ran the
torch-race.

The tip of one of the crossbars of Chi is discernible above

the line.

3 The Peproioi are attested in other inscriptions, the earliest

being from the 5^ century B.C. They are thought to have lived in

13) Engelmann-Merkelbach, op. cit. no. 81; see also J. and L. Robert, Bull.
Ep. 1961, 524.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 154 E. Varinlioglu

the south-eastern part of the country . Probably there was a

1 5)
school of ephebi and elders at this locality .

4 This line most probably ended with the first part of a name
with the ending -Kp?xou, which begins the next line. It suggests
one of those names found in the inscriptions of Erythrae: Kot??LKpa
tt)?, OL?OKpaxn?/ KxnaLKp?xriGf 'ETiLKp?xn.?/ MeveKp?xnGr 'AvagLKp?xriCf
16)
?oAeuoKp?xriC/ etc.

The name of the lepOTiOL?Q in the Erythraean inscriptions is

usually written without the father1s name, apart from four instan

ces17>.

5 koil after the name of lepOTiOL?e, or less probably after his

father's name, introduced the name of another person, who acted to

gether with him; sometimes several people were put in charge of the
18)
management of such contests
The side line of a letter, not as tall as the other letters on

the same line, merges into the margin of the stone; it could belong
to Epsilon or Nu.

6 After torch-races torches were dedicated to certain gods as

19)
votive offerings

7 Hermes and Herakles are the gods of the gymnasium; cf. the
instances quoted by J. and L. Robert, Bull. Ep. 1953, 178; 1954,
129; 1958, 442; 1960, 190; 1964, 571.

The inscription is not earlier than the first century B.C.,

some of the letters have been cut with serifs, Pi has verticals of
the same length and a lengthened horizontal stroke, and Epsilon
has slightly longer upper and lower strokes.

14) Engelmann-Merkelbach, op. cit. No. 17, p. 78.

15) Cf. ibid. No. 81, p. 177.

16) Ibid, (in the order of names above) Nos. 87; 160; 201 d, 2; 214; 341;
342; 368.

17) Ibid. Nos. 103; 201 a, 58; 201 b, 1; 201 c, 6; see also p. 296, 297.

18) Sokolowski, Lois sacr?es des cit?s grecques, Nos. 13, 33; 33A and B.

They were in charge at least of sacrifices and the processions: No. 93, 35. See
also ibid. nos. 106, 163, 179; Dictionnaire Daremberg-Saglio, p. 911, 912; RE
XII (1924) 572.

19) IG II2 2990; 2993; 2994; 2995; CIG 243; 250; 2034; Dictionnaire Darem

berg-Saglio, p. 911.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 Inscriptions from Erythrae 155

3. Dedication to Caracalla

A gray marble block with red veins, used as the beam of the
door of Haydar Akcicek's stable on the way to the acropolis. It is
broken only on the right side at the foot of the stone. H. 0.31 m.,
w. 1.00 m., thickness 0.29 m., and the height of letters 0.022
0.025 m.; Tafel VI Nr.3.

'Ayadfi T?x?T
2 A?xoKp?xopa Kouaapa M?p(KOv) A?p(r)ALOV) 'Avxcavelvov Se?aaxov
??v Aouklou EeTtxLULOu Eeou?pou nepxLvctKO? Ee?aa
4 xou f) A.auTipox?xn nai 'Icav?c 'EpuOpatcav ti?Xiq, ?rtLue
Xrid?vxoc xf|? xemnc A(ouklou) Tovvlou nax?pK?ou x[o?]
6 TXpoaxou axpaxnyou x? oe?xepov.
2-3 Caracalla was made joint-emperor in 198 under the title
of Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. This dedication can

not be earlier than that date. Since the father (Septimius Severus)
is not called divus, the inscription precedes his death (211 A.D.).

4 'Icav?c: Erythrae was one of the 12 Ionian cities named by

Herodotus I 142. In imperial times, there was a league of 13 Ionian

cities, attested by the coins of M. Claudius Fronto (Head, Historia

2
nummorum 566). A "priest of Ionia" in Inschr. Erythrai 64. As Pro
fessor Merkelbach observes, the title of the city found in the new

inscription may be restored in Inschr. Erythrai 64,1.

5 ?TLLueA,nd?vxoc tt\q xeLunc: The npc?xog axpaxriY?e here is the

magistrate who is put in charge of the dedication by the city in

20)
honor of the emperor
This is the latest inscription from Erythrae which makes men

tion of 6 Tipcaxo? axpaxnyo?. In imperial times, the strategus is of

ten mentioned on the coins of the city (see R. M?nsterberg, Die
Beamtennamen auf den griechischen M?nzen p. 92).

The three nomina are all Roman. The family of Tonneius is not
21 )
frequent in Greek inscriptions

20) For the difference between and in l(-L6Xt]9?vTO? see A.

?TTLiieXrrreuovTO?
Wilhelm, Akademie-Schriften III 116-127.

21) CIG 3162 (Smyrna; cf. L. Robert, R. Phil. n.s. 52, 1978, 248-251); H.

Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae Nos. 2425, 2426, 9100; CIL III 12047
(Alexandreia).

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 156 E. Varinlioglu

4. Salus Imperatoris

A large pedestal found lying under a heap of earth which fil

led up the cavea of the theatre has two words on the back of the
stone. Hamilton, who read the inscription on the face of the stone
for the first time, did not turn the block over to see the two
22)
words . The measurements are: H. 0.65 m., w. 0.61 m., thickness

0.55 m., and the height of the letters, 0.05 m., the height of let
ters on the face of the stone 0.02 m.; Tafel VI.Nr.4.

Kataapoc
...

*Y y i ri a.
2 This side of the stone is badly damaged and some parts of
the word are missing. I am inclined to read the fourth letter as ri
-eta
23 ) .
since -ncx was used for Similar bases with two words are

found in Ephesos, as the representation of one quality of the per

son
24) . Another is -
honoured example Inschr. Erythrai 195. The
st
form of the letters is not earlier than the 1 century A.D.

5. A note on Inschr. von Erythrai 135/6

The two inscriptions published under Nos. 135 and 136 (for
which see now the better reading by Peek, Z.P.E. 23, 86) are on
the same pedestal. Engelmann, who read one side of this large pe

destal in the fall of 1968, could not turn the stone over to see
the back side which was published in LBW III 54. The measurements
are: H. 0.59 m., w. 0.58 m., thickness 0.48 m. The height of letters
in the inscription published under No. 135 is 0.045, and of No. 136
is 0.022-0.025 m. Some parts of the inscription published under No.
135 are now missing.

Ankara Ender Varinlioglu

Hamilton 9 and 232 = Inschr. 62.

22) II, Erythrai

23) K. Meisterhans, Grammatik der Attischen Inschriften, p. 47.

24) J. Keil, Forschungen in Ephesos, V (1953), p. 71 sqq.

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 TAFEL VI

Nr. 4
Inschriften aus Erythrai; zu E. Varinlioglu S. 149 ff. Photos: M.Ali D?genci

This content downloaded from 128.252.67.66 on Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:14:57 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions