Chapter 6: Architectural Design

Exercise 6.1:
When describing a system, explain why you may have to design the system architecture
before the requirements specification is complete.
Answer:
We need to design the system architecture before the requirements specification to
provide the general background about the structure of the system. Based on this structure,
we can develop potential subsystems for the main system. The architecture of the system
need to be completed to visualize that customer really need for the system as well as how
the analysts understand about the system. Then, requirement specification developed
based on the system architecture is more precise.

Exercise 6.3:
Explain why design conflicts might arise when designing an architecture for which both
availability and security requirements are the most important non-functional
requirements..
Answer:
This issue is the most important non-functional requirements because when we provide
the availability, we need to have replicated components in the architecture. And, when
this component fails, we can switch to a backup component right away. We also need to
have some of copies for the data that will be processed. But, the security requirement
requires a small number of copies of data. Therefore, the architecture will easy to know
the one that they need to do the job. This approach will help to reduce the change of
attackers to attack the data. Therefore, if there is a fundamental architectural conflict
between availability and security, the system has to find the best data version between
these two opposing requirements.

Exercise 6.9:
Using the basic model of an information system as presented in Figure 6.16, suggest the
components that might be part of an information system that allows users to view
information about flights arriving and departing from a particular airport.
Answer:
There are components that we may consider to allow users to view the information about
flights arriving and departing for a particular airport as:
Level 1 (Database level): The flight database, flight status database, and airport
information
Level 2 (Information retrieval level): The status management, flight management, flight
search
Level 3 (User interaction level): The user authentication, site session management, forms
processing.
Level 4 (User interface): Checking the user input and validate for the input
 Chapter 7: Design and Implementation

Exercise 7.1:
Using the structured notation shown in Figure 7.3 of the textbook, specify the weather
station use cases for Report status and Reconfigure. You should make reasonable
assumptions about the functionality that is required here.
Answer:
System: Weather station
Use case: Report status
Actors: Weather information system, Weather station
Data: The weather station sends a status update to the weather information system. It
gives the weather status for its instruments, computers, and power supply.
Stimulus: There is a link to setup a connection between the weather information system
and the weather station. The system then requests the information status from the station
via the satellite connection.
Response: The weather information system will upload the status summary.
Comments: System status is usually requested at the same time as the weather report.

System: Weather station

Use case: Reconfigure
Actors: Weather information system, Weather station
Data: The weather station receives the reconfiguration from the weather system. This will
put the weather station on the remote control mode. This mode will allow the remote
system to send various commands to weather station to update the station software.
Stimulus: The weather information system sends commands to weather station.
Response: Confirmation that the system is in remote control mode
Comments: Used occasionally when software updates have to be installed.

Exercise 7.3:
Using the UML graphical notation for object classes, design the following object classes,
identifying attributes and operations. Use your own experience to decide on the attributes
and operations that should be associated with these objects.
1. A telephone
2. A printer for a personal computer
3. A personal stereo system
4. A bank account
5. A library catalogue
Answer:
Exercise 7.7:
Draw a sequence diagram showing the interactions of objects in a group diary system,
when a group of people are arranging a meeting.
Answer: