Anthony Iliff

04/09/18

Annotated Bibliography Racial Discrimination in

Housing
Cite: Bouie, J. (2015, May 13). A Tax on Blackness. Slate.com.

Retrieved from

http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/05/racism_in_real_estate_landlor

ds_redlining_housing_values_and_discrimination.html

This article talks about how it’s not only the housing agents who perform housing

discrimination, but also the neighbors that these nonwhite people must live with. For example, in

some apartments, people will be put into different sections depending on what type of person

they are. In most cases usually there would be an area where there is nothing but white people.

Though, if a nonwhite person moves into this area, then most of the white people will either try

to get the nonwhite person to move out by having their rent payment be higher than the others, or

they will leave themselves. Not only is this an act of racism and housing discrimination, but also

it shows the act of White Fight or White Flight.

Cite: Cohen, K. (2016, October 19). Study finds racial discrimination in D.C. housing market.

Washingtonexaminer.com.

Retrieved from

https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/study-finds-racial-discrimination-in-dc-housing-market
This article talks about how black women are treated unfairly than white women if both were to

have a criminal record on their applications to purchase a house. A test was performed showing

that 47% favored the white female applicants, while 11% favored the black female applicants. At

one point a housing seller has denied meeting with a black female applicant because of her

having a criminal record from a couple years ago. At the same time, a white female applicant

who also has a criminal record was given a background check and the seller would try to work

something out with her. This is obviously an act of racial discrimination and shows how the

nonwhite females are treated more unfairly than the male nonwhite males in general.

Cite: Demby, G. (2013, June 17). For People Of Color, A Housing Market Partially Hidden

From View. Npr.org.

Retrieved from

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/06/17/192730233/for-people-of-color-a-housing-

market-partially-hidden-from-view

This article does have similar studies to the previous articles. However, one interesting fact that

the other articles didn’t provide was that due to the nonwhite home seekers being shown less

homes, means that they had to pay a higher housing cost than the white applicant. It also shows

that white applicants will sometimes receive a lower rent than the nonwhite applicants. By doing

this, the home agencies are trying to make the nonwhites be able to not afford their rent, so they

will have to be forced to move out. This is clearly an example of housing discrimination as it is a

violation of the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Cite: Dewan, S. (2013, June 11) Discrimination in Housing Against Nonwhites Persists Quietly,

U.S. Study Finds. Nytimes.com.

Retrieved from

https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/12/business/economy/discrimination-in-housing-against-

nonwhites-persists-quietly-us-study-finds.html

This article talks about how different races can be treated differently when it comes to

purchasing a house or asking for a loan. Studies have shown that housing agents will show more

available homes to a white person than to a nonwhite person. Studies also show that most

financial agencies will deny a nonwhite applicant than a white applicant. This is a good example

of racialization in neighborhoods as most sellers want to keep certain races away from the

whites.

Cite: Fulwood, S. (2016, December 15). The United States’ History of Segregated Housing

Continues to Limit Affordable Housing. Americanprogress.org.

Retrieved from

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2016/12/15/294374/the-united-states-

history-of-segregated-housing-continues-to-limit-affordable-housing/

This article explains the history on how housing discrimination has changed over the years. One

thing that is interesting about this article is that it tells us that Latinos weren’t racially

discriminated as often as the African Americans. The reason behind this was that Latinos can

come in a variety of different shades. A survey shows that a dark skinned Mexican American

will have a 96% chance of being racially discriminated, while a light skinned Mexican American
will have a 65% chance. This is really an interesting discovery as it seems that it’s not focused

on race, but only the color of someone’s skin.

Cite: Glink, I. (2013, June 12). Racism alive and well in housing. Cbsnews.com.

Retrieved from

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/racism-alive-and-well-in-housing/

This article shows how different races are treated differently when it comes to purchasing a

house. One study in this article shows that when a black, Hispanic, Asian and white home seeker

(all who are the same age, same gender and well qualified to rent or own property) get an

appointment to see advertised properties, the blacks were shown 17% less homes and the Asians

were shown 15.5% less homes than the white applicant. What’s also interesting is how the

Hispanics were shown the same amount of homes as the white applicant, which leads to

interesting ideas. I think the reason for this is the stereotype that Hispanics are hard workers and

will make a lot of money to be able to pay off the rent.

Cite: Hoenig, C. (2013, July 01). Housing Discrimination More Subtle, But Still Absurdly High.

Diversityinc.com.

Retrieved from

https://www.diversityinc.com/diversity-and-inclusion/though-more-hidden-housing-

discrimination-is-still-absurdly-high

This article explains that housing discrimination isn’t only determined by the seller, but also by

the city in where the buyer wants to live. Not only will sellers show a nonwhite buyer fewer

properties, but they will sometimes go out of the way of giving false claims to try making the
buyer not want to purchase the house. An example of this will be telling the buyer that a very

gruesome murder took place in the house. This article also shows that most racial housing

discrimination will take place in major cities like Chicago or Atlanta. This will make sense,

because most major cities are usually diverse in some areas. For example, an area that has a

population of mostly black people will be considered the ghetto.

Cite: Ladet, J. (2018, February 08). To Equitably Connect Housing and Economic Mobility for

Black Americans, Tackle Structural Racism. Howhousingmatters.org.

Retrieved from

https://howhousingmatters.org/articles/equitably-connect-housing-economic-mobility-black-

americans-tackle-structural-racism/

This article talks about how the home equity gap between different races has changed over the

years. The article claims that black people who graduate from college are less likely to own a

home compared to white people who only have a high school diploma, due to the advantage of

homeownership with white families. This article also says that housing discrimination is not only

determined by race, but also wealth class the applicant falls under. For example, a low class

white person might have a higher chance of getting a home than a middle class black person. Not

only does this article involve racial housing discrimination, but economics also plays a role here.

Cite: Staff, (2010). Fair Housing Act. A+E Networks. History.com.

Retrieved from

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fair-housing-act
This article talks about how housing discrimination was still in effect after the Fair Housing Act

of 1968 was released. Many nonwhite residents would have a difficult time trying to get their

own homes. Even those who fought in the war were still discriminated due to racial segregation

in most neighborhoods and cities. Sometimes when a nonwhite citizen tries to move into a

certain area, they are usually met with resistance, hostility and even violence. This article shows

many different types of racial actions from housing discrimination, white fight, and segregation

Cite: Thomas, K. E. (2017, April 20). This is What Housing Discrimination in the U.S. Looks

Like. Nextcity.org.

Retrieved from

https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/housing-discrimination-us-report

This article explains that housing discrimination is still happening today and is a lot worse than it

was back in the 1900s. Not only is housing discrimination targeted against nonwhites, but it also

affects those who have disabilities. Some cases show that housing discrimination can take place

at a college when one student was denied of a reasonable accommodation requests. It’s truly sad

to see that this is still going on, especially since percentage of people becoming homeless is

increasing dramatically in some areas.

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