1.

Police in a town are investigating the theft of mobile phones one evening from three cafés,
“Alan’s Diner”, “Sarah’s Snackbar” and “Pete’s Eats”.

They interviewed two suspects, Matthew and Anna about that evening.

Matthew said:

“I visited Pete’s Eats and visited Alan’s Diner and I did not visit Sarah’s Snackbar”

Let p, q and r be the statements:

p : I visited Alan’s Diner

q : I visited Sarah’s Snackbar
r : I visited Pete’s Eats

(a) Write down Matthew’s statement in symbolic logic form.

(3)

What Anna said was lost by the police, but in symbolic form it was

(q  r )  ¬p

(b) Write down, in words, what Anna said.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

2. In a particular school, students must choose at least one of three optional subjects: art,
psychology or history.

Consider the following propositions

a: I choose art,
p: I choose psychology,
h: I choose history.

(a) Write, in words, the compound proposition

¬h  ( p  a ) .
(3)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 1

 (b) Complete the truth table for ¬a  p.

a p ¬a ¬a  p
T T F
T F F
F T T
F F T
(1)

(c) State whether ¬a  p is a tautology, a contradiction or neither. Justify your answer.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

3. Consider two propositions p and q.

(a) Complete the truth table below.

p q ¬q p  ¬q ¬p ¬p  q
T T
T F
F T
F F
(4)

(b) Decide whether the compound proposition

(p  ¬q)  (¬p  q)

is a tautology. State the reason for your decision.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 2

4. (a) Complete the truth table shown below.

p  (p  (p  ( p  q))  p
p q p  q
q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
(3)

(b) State whether the compound proposition(p  ( p  q))  p is a contradiction, a tautology

or neither.
(1)

Consider the following propositions.

p: Feng finishes his homework

q: Feng goes to the football match

(c) Write in symbolic form the following proposition.

If Feng does not go to the football match then Feng finishes his homework.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 3

5. (a) Complete the following truth table.

p q .............................. p  q

T T F ..............................

T F T ..............................

F T F ..............................

F F T ..............................
(2)

Consider the propositions

p: Cristina understands logic

q: Cristina will do well on the logic test.

(b) Write down the following compound proposition in symbolic form.

“If Cristina understands logic then she will do well on the logic test”
(2)

(c) Write down in words the contrapositive of the proposition given in part (b).
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

6. Consider the two propositions p and q.

p: The sun is shining q: I will go swimming

Write in words the compound propositions

(a) p  q;
(2)

(b) ¬p  q.
(2)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 4

 The truth table for these compound propositions is given below.

p q p  q ¬p ¬p  q
T T T T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T

(c) Complete the column for ¬p.

(1)

(d) State the relationship between the compound propositions p  q and ¬p  q.

(1)
(Total 6 marks)

7. Considere las siguientes proposiciones

p: El número es un múltiplo de cinco.

q: El número es par.
r: El número termina en cero.

(a) Escriba en palabras (q  r )  p

(3)

(b) Considere el enunciado “Si el número es un múltiplo de cinco, y no es un numero par

entonces no termina en cero”.

(i) Escriba el enunciado en forma simbólica.

(ii) Escriba la contrapositiva del enunciado en forma simbólica.

(6)
(Total 9 marks)

8. Consider the statement p:

“If a quadrilateral is a square then the four sides of the quadrilateral are equal”.

(a) Write down the inverse of statement p in words.

(2)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 5

 (b) Write down the converse of statement p in words.
(2)

(c) Determine whether the converse of statement p is always true. Give an example to justify
your answer.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

9. Three propositions are given as

p: It is snowing q: The roads are open r: We will go skiing

(a) Write the following compound statement in symbolic form.

“It is snowing and the roads are not open.”

(2)

(b) Write the following compound statement in words.

(¬p  q )  r
(3)

An incomplete truth table for the compound proposition (¬p  q )  r is given below.

(c) Copy and complete the truth table on your answer paper.

p q r ¬p ¬p  q (¬p  q )  r
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 6

10. Considere las siguientes proposiciones lógicas:

p: Juan esta en el colegio

q: Juan esta jugando en la computadora.

(a) Escriba en palabras, p  q.

(2)

(b) Escriba con palabras, la conversa de p  q.

(2)

(c) Complete la siguiente tabla de verdad para p  q.

p q q p  q
T T
T F
F T
F F
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

11. (a) (i) Complete the truth table below.

p q pq (p  q) p q p  q
T T F F
T F F T
F T T F
F F T T

(ii) State whether the compound propositions (p  q) and p  q are equivalent.
(4)

Consider the following propositions.

p: Amy eats sweets

q: Amy goes swimming.

(b) Write, in symbolic form, the following proposition.

Amy either eats sweets or goes swimming, but not both.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 7

12. Let p and q represent the propositions

p: food may be taken into the cinema

q: drinks may be taken into the cinema

(a) Complete the truth table below for the symbolic statement ¬(p  q).

p q p  q ¬(p  q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
(2)

(b) Write down in words the meaning of the symbolic statement ¬(p  q).
(2)

(c) Write in symbolic form the compound statement:

“no food and no drinks may be taken into the cinema”.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 8

13. The truth table below shows the truth-values for the proposition

pqpq

p q p q pq pq pqpq

T T F F F
T F F T T T
F T T F T T T
F F T T F T

(a) Explain the distinction between the compound propositions, p  q and  p   q.

(b) Fill in the four missing truth-values on the table.

(c) State whether the proposition p  q   p   q is a tautology, a contradiction or

neither.
(Total 6 marks)

14. Se puede escoger entre tres opciones en el menú de almuerzo de un restaurante.

s: escoge una ensalada,

m: escoge un plato de carme (plato principal),
d: escoge un postre.

Usted escoge dos opciones de comida que debe incluir el plato principal y un postre o una
ensalada pero no ambos.

(a) Escriba lo anterior usando símbolos de lógica.

(2)

(b) Escriba con palabras s  d.

(2)

(c) Complete la siguiente tabla de verdad.

(2)
s d s sd
T T
T F
F T
F F
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 9

15. Consider the statements

p: The sun is shining.

q: I am wearing my hat.

(a) Write down, in words, the meaning of q   p.

(b) Complete the truth table.

p q p qp
T T
T F
F T
F F

(c) Write down, in symbols, the converse of q   p.

(Total 6 marks)

16. Dadas dos proposiciones lógicas

p: Dany va al cine
q: Dany estudia para el examen

(a) Escriba con palabras la proposición

p  q.

(b) Dado el enunciado s: “Si Dany va al cine entonces Dany no estudia para el examen”.

i) Escriba s en forma simbólica.

(ii) Escriba en forma simbólica la contrapositiva de la parte (b)(i).

(Total 6 marks)

17. Two logic propositions are given.

p: Paula eats chocolates.

q: Paula watches television.

Write in words

(a) p   q;

(b) p  q;

(c) q   p.

(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 10

18. Write down the values for a, b, c, d, e and f from the table below:

p q p pq pq pq pq pq

T T a d
T F b f
F T c
F F e
(Total 6 marks)

19. Let p stand for the proposition “I will walk to school”. Let q stand for the proposition “the sun is
shining”.

(a) Write the following statements in symbolic logic form

(i) “If the sun is shining then I will walk to school.”

(ii) “If I do not walk to school then the sun is not shining.”
(4)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 11

 (b) Write down, in words, the converse of the statement

“If the sun is shining then I will walk to school.”

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

20. (a) Copy and complete the table below by filling in the three empty columns.

p q pq pq p (p  q)   p (p  q)   p  q
T T T T
T F F T
F T F T
F F F F
(3)

(b) What word is used to describe the argument (p  q)   p  q?

(1)
(Total 4 marks)

21. Complete the Truth Table for the compound proposition (p   q)  (p  q).

p q q (p   q) (p  q) (p   q)  (p  q)
T T F F
T F T T
F T F T
F F F F
(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 12

22. Consider the following logic statements:

p: x is a factor of 6

q: x is a factor of 24

(a) Write p  q in words.

(1)

(b) Write the converse of p  q.

(1)

(c) State if the converse is true or false and give an example to justify your answer.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

23. Let p and q be the statements:

p: Sarah eats lots of carrots.

q: Sarah can see well in the dark.

Write the following statements in words.

(a) p  q.

(b)  p  q.

(c) Write the following statement in symbolic form.

If Sarah cannot see well in the dark, then she does not eat lots of carrots.

(d) Is the statement in part (c) the inverse, the converse or the contrapositive of the statement
in part (a)?

(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 13

24. Consider the following logic statements:

p: the train arrives on time

q: I am late for school

(a) Write the expression p   q as a logic statement.

(b) Write the following statement in logic symbols:

"The train does not arrive on time and I am not late for school."

(c) Complete the following truth table.

p q p q pq pq
T T F F F F
T F F T T –
F T T F – –
F F T T T T

(d) Are the two compound propositions (p   q) and ( p   q) logically equivalent?

(Total 8 marks)

25. (a) The following truth table contains two entries which are incorrect, one in column three
and one in column four. Circle the two incorrect entries.

(b) Fill in the two missing values in column five.

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 14

 (c) Which one of the following words could you use to describe the statement represented by
the values in the last column (number 6)?

(i) converse

(ii) tautology

(iii) inverse

(iv) contradiction

(v) contrapositive

1 2 3 4 5 6
p q pq p pq (p  q)  ( p   q)
T T T F T F
T F F F F
F T F T T F
F F T F F

(Total 8 marks)

26. Consider each of the following statements:

p: Alex is from Uruguay

q: Alex is a scientist
r: Alex plays the flute

(a) Write each of the following arguments in symbols:

(i) If Alex is not a scientist then he is not from Uruguay.

(ii) If Alex is a scientist, then he is either from Uruguay or plays the flute.
(3)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 15

 (b) Write the following argument in words:

 r   (q  p)
(3)

(c) Construct a truth table for the argument in part (b) using the values below for p, q, r and
 r. Test whether or not the argument is logically valid.

p q r r
T T T F
T T F T
T F T F
T F F T
F T T F
F T F T
F F T F
F F F T
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

27. Consider two propositions p and q. Complete the truth table below for the compound
proposition.

(p   q)  ( p  q)

p q p q pq pq (p   q)  ( p  q)
T T F F F (d) T
T F F T (b) F (f)
F T (a) F (c) T (g)
F F T T F (e) (h)

(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 16

28. (a) Solve 2x + 3 = 5.

(b) Consider the logic statements.

p: 2x + 3 = 5 q: x2 = x

The compound proposition 2x + 3 = 5  x2 = x is given.

Is this compound proposition true?

(c) Write down the converse of this compound proposition.

(d) Give an example to show that the converse is false.

(Total 8 marks)

29. Consider the statement “If a figure is a square, then it is a rhombus”.

(a) For this statement, write in words

(i) its converse;

(ii) its inverse;

(iii) its contrapositive.

(b) Only one of the statements in part(a) is true. Which one is it?

(Total 8 marks)

30. Consider the following statements.

p: students work hard

q: students will succeed

(a) Write the following proposition in symbols using p, q and logical connectives only.

If students do not work hard, then they will not succeed.

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 17

 (b) Complete the following truth table, relating to the statement made in part (a), and decide
whether the statement is logically valid.

p q
T T
T F
F T
F F
(Total 8 marks)

31. [(p  q)  p]  q

(a) Complete the truth table below for the compound statement above.

p q p q (p  q)  p [(p  q)  p] q
T T
T F
F T
F F

(b) Explain the significance of your result.

(Total 4 marks)

32. Two propositions p and q are defined as follows:

p: the number ends in zero

q: the number is divisible by 5

(a) Write in words

(i) p  q;

(ii) the converse of (p  q).

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 18

 (b) Write in symbolic form

(i) the inverse of (p  q);

(ii) the contrapositive of (p  q).

(Total 4 marks)

33. Two propositions p and q are defined as follows.

p: Jones passed this course

q: Smith passed this course

(a) Write in symbolic form

(i) neither Jones nor Smith passed the course;

(ii) it is not the case that Jones and Smith both passed the course.

(b) Complete the following truth table for the logic statement  p  q.

p q p pq
T T
T F
F T
F F

(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 19

34. Sean p y q los enunciados

p: usted mira el canal de música en la TV

q: a usted le gusta la música

(a) Considere el siguiente enunciado lógico.

Si usted mira el canal de música en la TV entonces le gusta la música.

(i) Escriba en palabras la inversa del enunciado.

(ii) Escriba en palabras la conversa del enunciado.

(4)

(b) Construya una tabla de verdad para los siguientes enunciados:

(i) p  q.

(ii)  p   q.

(iii) p   q.

(iv)  p  q.
(4)

(c) ¿Cuáles de los enunciados en la parte (b) son lógicamente equivalentes?

(1)
(Total 9 marks)

35. If each of the following compound propositions is true, what conclusions can be made?

(a) x < 7 or x  3, and x < 7

(b) p = 3 if and only if q = 5, and if q  5 then r  12.

(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 20

36. Consider the following statements:

p: Good mathematics students go to good universities

q: Good music students are good mathematics students

r: Students who go to good universities get good jobs

(a) From these statements, write two valid conclusions.

(b) Write in words each of the following

(i)  q;

(ii) p  r.

(Total 4 marks)

37. Let the propositions p, q and r be defined as:

p: Matthew arrives home before six o’clock

q: Matthew cooks dinner
r: Jill washes the dishes

(a) (i) Express the following statement in logical form.

If Matthew arrives home before six o’clock then he will cook dinner.
(1)

(ii) Write the following logic statement in words.

qr
(1)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 21

 (b) (i) Copy and complete the truth table below.

p q r pq q  r r (p  q)  (q  r)  r p [(p  q)  (q  r)  r]  p

T T T T
T T F T
T F T T
T F F T
F T T T
F T F T
F F T T
F F F T
(5)

(ii) Explain the significance of the truth table above.

(2)
(Total 9 marks)

38. The propositions p and q are defined as follows:

p: you have understood this topic

q: you will be able to do this question

(a) Write the following proposition in symbols using p, q and logical connectives only.

“You have understood this topic, or you will not be able to do this question.”

(b) Explain, in words only, what the following symbolic proposition represents:

(p   q)   p.

(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 22

39. The propositions p, q and r are defined as follows:

p: this is a good course

q: the course is worth taking
r: the grading is lenient

(a) Write a symbolic statement for each of the following sentences.

(i) If this is a good course, then it is worth taking.

(ii) Either the grading is lenient, or the course is not worth taking.
(2)

(b) Write the following argument using p, q, r and logic symbols or connectives only.

If this is a good course, then it is worth taking. Either the grading is lenient, or the course
is not worth taking. But the grading is not lenient. Therefore, this is not a good course.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

40. Let = {x : 1 ≤ x < 17, x  }.

P , Q and R are the subsets of such that

P = {multiples of four};

Q = {factors of 36};

R = {square numbers}.

(a) List the elements of

(i)

(ii) P  Q  R.
(2)

(b) Describe in words the set P  Q.

(1)

(c) (i) Draw a Venn diagram to show the relationship between sets P, Q and R.
(2)

(ii) Write the elements of in the appropriate places on the Venn diagram.
(3)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 23

 (d) Let p, q and r be the statements

p: x is a multiple of four;

q: x is a factor of 36;

r: x is a square number.

(i) Write a sentence, in words, for the statement

(p  r)   q
(2)

(ii) Shade the region on your Venn diagram in part (c)(i) that represents (p  r)   q
(1)

(iii) (a) Use a truth table to determine the values of (p  r)   q. Write the first
three columns of your truth table in the following format.

p q r
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F
(3)

(b) Write down one possible value of x for which (p  r)   q is true.

(1)
(Total 15 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 24

41. Three propositions p, q and r are defined as follows:

p: the water is cold. q: the water is boiling. r: the water is warm.

(a) Write one sentence, in words, for the following logic statement:

( p   q)  r

(b) Write the following sentence as a logic statement using symbols only.

"The water is cold if and only if it is neither boiling nor warm"

(Total 4 marks)

42. Three propositions are defined as follows:

p: The oven is working.

q: The food supply is adequate.

r: The visitors are hungry.

(a) Write one sentence, in words only, for each of the following logic statements.

(i) qrp
(2)

(ii)  r  (p  q)
(2)

(b) Write the sentence below using only the symbols p, q and logic connectives.

"If the oven is working and the food supply is adequate then the oven is working or the
food supply is adequate."
(2)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 25

 (c) A tautology is a compound statement which is always true. Use a truth table to determine
whether or not your answer to part (b) is a tautology.

Hint: Begin by writing the first two columns of your truth table in the following format:

p q
T T
T F
F T
F F
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

43. B y C son subconjuntos de un conjunto universal U tal que

U = {x : x  , 0  x  10}, B = {números primos 10}, C = {x : x  , 1  x  6}.

(a) Escriba los elementos de los conjuntos

(i) B

(ii) CB

(iii) B  C′

Considere las proposiciones:

p: x es un número primo menor que 10.

q: x es un entero positivo entre 1 y 7.

(b) Escriba, en palabras, la contrapositiva del enunciado, “Si x es un número primo menor
que 10, entonces x es un entero positivo entre 1 y 7.”
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematical Studies 3rd edition 26