CATEGORY : INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT (DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT)

QUESTION : Explain about the ARM PROCESSOR.

SUBCODE/ NAME : EC6504/ MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

STAFFNAME : Mrs. V.SARASWATHI, MR.RAJKAMAL, MRS.ANANTHI
YEAR/SEM : II/IV SEC: A, B, C
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2017-2018(EVEN)

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111916104050
REGISTER NUMBER

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KEERTHANA V

II/IV/B
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ARM DEFINITION:

An ARM processor is one of a family of CPUs based on the RISC (reduced

instruction set computer) architecture developed by Advanced RISC Machines (ARM).
INTRODUCTION:

ARM makes 32-bit and 64-bit RISC multi-core processors.

RISC processors are designed to perform a smaller number of types of computer instructions so
that they can operate at a higher speed, performing more millions of instructions per second
(MIPS). By stripping out unneeded instructions and optimizing pathways, RISC processors
provide outstanding performance at a fraction of the power demand of CISC (complex instruction
set computing) devices.

USES:

` ARM processors are extensively used in consumer electronic devices such

assmartphones, tablets, multimedia players and other mobile devices, such as wearables. Because
of their reduced instruction set, they require fewer transistors, which enables a smaller die size for
the integrated circuitry (IC). The ARM processor’s smaller size, reduced complexity and lower
power consumption makes them suitable for increasingly miniaturized devices.

FEATURES OF ARM PROCESSOR:

 Load/store architecture.

 Mostly single-cycle execution.

 Enhanced power-saving design.

 64 and 32-bit execution states for scalable high performance.

 Hardware virtualization support.

THROUGHPUT:

While they don't have the same raw compute throughput as the products of x86 market leader
Intel, ARM processors sometimes exceed the performance of Intel processors for applications that
exist on both architectures.

CLEANER CODER:

The cleaner code base of Windows RT versus x86 versions may be also partially
responsible -- Windows RT is more streamlined because it doesn’t have to support a number of
legacy hardwares.

ARM SERVER:

ARM servers represent an important shift in server-based computing. A traditional

x86-class server with 12, 16, 24 or more cores increases performance by scaling up the speed and
sophistication of each processor, using brute force speed and power to handle demanding
computing workloads.
DIE OF AN ARM6 10 MICROPROCESSOR:

DIE:

A die in the integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material, on which a given
functional circuit is fabricated. Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a
single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through
processes such as photolithography. The wafer is cut (“diced”) into many pieces, each containing
one copy of the circuit. Each of these pieces is called a die.To simplify handling and integration
onto a printed circuit board, most dice are packaged in various forms.There are three commonly
used plural forms: dice, dies, and die.
ARM ARCHITECTURE:
ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family
of reduced instruction set computing (RISC)architectures for computer processors, configured for
various environments. British company ARM Holdings develops the architecture and licenses it to
other companies, who design their own products that implement one of those architectures—
including systems-on-chips (SoC) and systems-on-modules (SoM) that incorporate memory,
interfaces, radios, etc. It also designs cores that implement this instruction set and licenses these
designs to a number of companies that incorporate those core designs into their own products.
Processors that have a RISC architecture typically require fewer transistors than those with
a complex instruction set computing(CISC) architecture (such as the x86 processors found in
most personal computers), which improves cost, power consumption, and heat dissipation. These
characteristics are desirable for light, portable, battery-powered devices—
including smartphones, laptops and tablet computers, and other embedded
systems.For supercomputers, which consume large amounts of electricity, ARM could also be a
power-efficient solution.
ARM Holdings periodically releases updates to architectures and core designs. All of them
support a 32-bit address space (only pre-ARMv3 chips, made before ARM Holdings was formed,
as in original Acorn Archimedes, had smaller) and 32-bit arithmetic; instructions for ARM
Holdings' cores have 32-bit fixed-length instructions, but later versions of the architecture also
support a variable-length instruction set that provides both 32- and 16-bit instructions for
improved code density. Some older cores can also provide hardware execution of Java bytecodes.
The ARMv8-A architecture, announced in October 2011,adds support for a 64-bitaddress space
and 64-bit arithmetic with its new 32-bit fixed-length instruction set.
With over 100 billion ARM processors produced as of 2017, ARM is the most widely
used instruction set architecture in terms of quantity produced. Currently, the widely used
Cortex cores, older "classic" cores, and specialized SecureCore cores variants are available for
each of these to include or exclude optional capabilities.