1. Frictional loss due to wobble effect8.

isIfcalculated
N is the normal
as component
of F, we have
Friction between the tendon and its surrounding material is
9.
the length effect and is sometimes described as wobbling
effect. Friction 10. If is the coefficient
of friction, frictional loss =
dF=
11. dF = –KFds
12. where K is coefficient
of wave effect.
13. Therefore, total
2. due to length effect depends frictional loss = dF

on the length, stress in the =

tendon (cable) and the

14. or
coefficient of friction between
15. if F is the prestress at a
the contact materials.
distance S subtending an
3. Curvature effect is caused by
angle , integrating the
the friction due to designed
above equation between
curvature of the cable. Loss
limits F and Fx, we have
due to these effects is
16.
estimated as follows:
17. Value of and K may
4. Consider a small length of
be taken as follows:
the cable. Let ds be its length
18. There are several
and R be the radius of
means of reducing or
curvature. (Figure below).
balancing the loss of
5. Let be the angle
prestress due to creep.
subtended at the centre by
19. In the post
the length ds.
tensioned beams several
6. Let F be prestress at one end
cables are provided. The
and F – dF the prestress at
cables are stretched in
the other end.
succession. When a cable
7.
is stretched, this cable
 suffers no loss, but the
cable stretched before
suffers a loss due to
prestress in the cable
being stretched. Thus the
cable which is stretched
first will suffer maximum
loss due to stretching of
(n – 1) cables where n is
the total number of
cables. The cable
stretched last will not
suffer any loss. To
calculate the loss due to
elastic shortening, loss in
the first cable is
calculated and half of this
value is taken as the
average loss of all the
cables.
20. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
27.
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
28.
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
21. Loss due to
22. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
23. Loss due to
24.
25. vc) Creep of Concrete:
26. Creep is the time
dependent deformation due
to permanent force. In
prestressed concrete,
prestress is the permanent
force in the member, causing
compressive stress at the
level of steel. Hence there is
creep strain in the member.
relaxation of steel
TOTAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS:
elastic shortening
29. shrinkage of concrete stress minus other four losses
30. creep of concrete namely:

31. relaxation of steel

Loss due to
and Specifications Clear Span 48 ft Clear width
29 ft Live Loading HS20 Concrete strength fc ’
3000 psi Future protective cover 15 pf Grade 40
reinforcement The bridge will consist of six c
Elastic strain =
girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable
concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And is the stress in concrete at the
an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If level of steel.
prestress is measured at the time
of pulling the wire, the stress is Loss in prestress = creep strain
termed as the jacking stress. x
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
namely:

x
Loss due to

girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable

concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And
an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If
prestress is measured at the time
of pulling the wire, the stress is
termed as the jacking stress.
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial