Double Angle Identities Half Angle Identities Power Reducing Formulas

sin 2 A  2 sin A cos A A 1  cos A 1  cos 2u

sin  sin 2 u 
2 2 2

cos 2 A  cos2 A  sin 2 A A 1  cos A 1  cos 2u

cos  cos2 u 
2 2 2

cos 2 A  2 cos2 A  1 A 1  cos A 1  cos 2u

tan  tan 2 u 
2 sin A 1  cos 2u
cos 2 A  1  2 sin 2 A

2 tan A sin A
tan 2 A  tan
A

1  tan 2 A 2 1  cos A

Sum-to-Product Formulas Law of Sines Law of Cosines

 x  y  x  y
Cosine: SAS, SSS

sin x  sin y  2 sin  cos  Standard Form Alternative Form

 2   2  a

b

c
sin A sin B sin C b2  c2  a 2
or a  b  c  2bc cos A
2 2 2
cos A 
 x  y  x  y 2bc
sin x  sin y  2 cos  sin  sin A sin B sin C
a  c2  b2
2
 2   2   
a b c b 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos B cos B 
2ac
 x  y  x  y a  b 2  c2
2

cos x  cos y  2 cos  cos  c 2  b 2  a 2  2ab cos C cosC 

 2   2  2ab

 x  y  x  y Finding the Area of non-90degree Triangles

cos x  cos y   2 sin  sin 
 2   2 
Area of an Oblique Triangle
Product-to-Sum Formulas
1 1 1 1
sin u sin v  cos(u  v )  cos(u  v ) area 
2
bc sin A 
2
ab sin C 
2
ac sin B
2

1 Heron’s Formula
cos u cos v  cos(u  v)  cos(u  v)
2  a  b  c
Step 1: Find “s” s
2
1
sin u cos v  sin(u  v)  sin(u  v ) Step 2: Use the formula area  s( s  a )( s  b)( s  c)
2

1
cos u sin v 
2
sin(u  v)  sin(u  v)