SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

is used:
 For habits
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.

 For repeated actions / routines

We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.

 Fact / truths
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.

Rules:

Nominal Sentences (the predicate is NOT A VERB)

example word: here

Positive Interrogative Negative

I am here Am I here? I am not here

You are here Are you here? You are not here

They are here Are they here? They are not here

We are here Are we here? We are not here

She is here Is she here? She is not here

He is here Is he here? He is not here

It is here Is it here? It is not here

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 Verbal Sentences (the predicate is A VERB)

example verb: think

Positive Interrogative Negative

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

GERUND

Gerund is a verb-ing used as a noun.

1. Gerund as Subject:
Going to parties is fun.

2. Gerund as Object:
I enjoy reading.
I like singing.

3. Gerund after the following verbs:

admit
He admitted having driven too fast.

avoid
They avoid going on holiday on Saturdays.

2
carry on
If we carry on sleeping so badly, we may need help.

consider
Ralph is considering buying a new house.

delay
I delayed telling Max the news.

deny
She denies reading the book.

can't/couldn't help
He couldn't help falling in love with her.

finish
They finished working in the garden.

give up
Susan gives up playing ice-hockey.

imagine
He imagined driving a new car.

include
Your responsibility includes taking reservations on the phone.
involve

The project will involve growing plants.

justify
I cannot justify paying $100 for this ticket.

keep (on)
They keep on running.

3
mention
Did Alex ever mention playing baseball?

mind
I don't mind sleeping on the couch.

miss
They miss playing with their friends.

practice
She practced playing hockey.

regret
Do you regret having mentioned it?

risk
You risk catching a cold.

suggest
She suggested flying to Cairo.

4. Gerund after special phrases

to be busy
He is busy reading the paper.

don't mind
I don't mind telling them my opinion.

feel like
We feel like having a cup of tea.

how about
How about walking home instead of taking the car?

it's (no) good

It's no good talking to this girl.

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 it's no use
It's no use talking to the headmaster.

spend one's time

They spend their time reading.

there's no
There's no cheating anymore.

there's no point
There's no point in complaining further.

what about
What about going to the zoo?

worth
The book is worth reading.

PARTICIPLE

1. Present participle (nama lain dari Verb-ing)

 In Present Continous Tense (sedang)

He is reading a book.
He was reading a book.

 As Gerund
Reading books is fun.
He likes reading books.

 As Adjective
Look at the reading boy. (Lihat anak laki-laki YANG MEMBACA itu)

2. Past participle (nama lain dari Verb 3)

 In Present Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Tenses

He has forgotten the pencil.

5
 He had forgotten the pencil.

 In Passive sentence
A house is built.
A house was built.

 Adjective
Look at the washed car. (Lihat mobil YANG DICUCI itu.)