Natalia Rubiano

February 25, 2018

UWRT 1103-003

Dr. Angela Mitchell

Annotated Bibliography

Coman, Alina. “A Broader Perspective of Gender Socialization Across Four Social Institutions.”

Bulletin of the Transylvania University of Brasov. Series VII: Social Sciences. Law, vol. 9,

no. 2 July 2016, pp.75-72. Academic Search Complete.

https://librarylink.uncc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&

db=a9h&AN=121252453&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Alina Colman’s scholarly article exposes the stereotypes that have been created through the

institutions of family, school, church, and mass media. These forums have created a

broader perspective that stereotypes are becoming an essential in society and powerful

representation of the depiction a woman should be. Societal norms have been titled as the

influencers of stereotypes and the cause of limitations on a woman’s life. The mass media

institution is the primary factor of a woman’s stereotypes and how it has generated

inequalities between the genders. This source includes studies conducted by Antenne 2 and

Telerama in 1985 that provides data that television does effect that perspective of a women

and how they experience certain situations. TV Soap operas, are an example of the

stereotypes placed on women, for instance their ability to spend majority of their time in
 the house and rarely working. Examples like this have highlighted that society believe that

since actresses are staying at home in the tv shows so shall a woman.

This source was written by Alina Coman who is an associated professor of social science

and the communication department in Transylvania University. Her article is a unbiased

article that includes the stereotypes mass media has created on men but it does express that

their stereotypes are also influences of the victimization of women. Alina Coman is cited in

various articles that are peer-reviewed and include critiques about gender stereotypes. This

source does not just provide statistics and studies that have proved that mass media is one

of the primary influencers of a woman’s stereotype but also critiques from other

professional philosophers. This article will aid my research for my inquiry-based research

paper because it gives me other perspective on influencing factors of a woman’s stereotype

that is not just the mass media. This source will most prominently appear in my research

because it gives an unbiased approach for my research paper.

“Emma Watson at the HeForShe Campaign 2014 – Official UN Video.” Youtube, uploaded by

United Nations, 22 September 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkjW9PXBRfk

This speech is in the format of a video is an excellent source for my inquiry-based research

paper because it correlates with my topic and enhance a first-hand experience. The

ambassador of United Nation’s Women is an actress who was victim as well by stereotypes

caused by film. Emma Watson is an advocate for equality in women’s rights who also

obtained a bachelor’s degree from Brown University. Just at the age of “14 she was
 sexualized by certain elements of the media” causing her to be victimized for her physical

appearance that did not comply with social norms. She was also victimized by her family

when she was just 8, she was labeled “bossy when she wanted to direct the plays [she]

would put on for [her] parents.” Being a female limited you to either staying at home or

doing professions that did not overpass a man. However, what I like most about this source

is that it does not just blame men but instead she notes that men are victims as well. This is

a reliable source because it is an actual recording published by the United Nations of Emma

Watson’s 2014 speech at the ambassadors meeting. This source as well is beneficial

because she does not just include anecdote but also statistics that prove her reasoning and

relate to the topic of victims of stereotypical images.

Garcia Beaudoux, Virginia. “U.N Women Aims to Tackle Global Gender Stereotypes in Media.”

The Conversation, 24 Oct. 2017, LexisNexis Academic,

http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/api/version1/getDocCui?lni=5PT4-JGH1-JCKG-

J4V2&csi=297647&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true

Virginia Garcia Beaudox has written an article for The Conversation and has been

published in the U.S. News. This article argues that stereotypes that have been created by

mass media have induced various negative experiences for women ranging from sexual

abuse to the criticization that women aren’t exposing themselves enough. These dreadful

experiences are at times created from television commercials worldwide that differentiate

the roles of a man and women in society. This article’s main argument is that women are

criticized more than men for their physical appearances and the occupation they partake in
 and whether they belong in the household or not. For instance, cleaning commericals for

the Argentinian product Cif identifies that men are the domestic heroes who only arrive

home after they have finished working at a so-called hard job while the women are the ones

who do all the dirty work to keep the household clean and sturdy. These stereotypes have

been have mostly affected the lived of the women rather than the men and has created

conflict between the genders.

This source was written by Virginia Garcia Beaudox who is a professor of political

communication and the public opinion at the University of Bueno Aires and a

correspondent for The Conversation. This article is an objective source that provides mass

media examples in the forum of commercials and how they are important to dictate the

stereotypes that have created difficulties for a woman to have their own image. This source

would enhance my research on the importance that this specific forum of visual literacy has

created an image of women that are utilized worldwide. This source will be utilized in my

project because it demonstrates that stereotypes do cause a line between the identity of a

man and women and whom is most prominent.

Hobson, Katherine. “Young Girls Are Less Apt to Think That Women Are Really, Really

Smart.” NPR, 26 Jan. 2017,

www.npr.org/sections/healthshots/2017/01/26/511801423/young-girls-are-less-apt-to-

thinkwomen-are-really-really-smart.
Young girls are the future generation that will end the stereotypes or maybe they will not.

According to this source little girls are less likely to state that their gender is that smarter

than that of a boy. This article is mostly about research that was conducted in New York

University that determines that children learn about stereotypes from a young age and

endure them at this age rather than the adult life. This study includes children from the ages

five to seven and questioned them about the difference between genders and their

intelligence. The study showed that majority of the believed that they were the smarter

gender and less percentage of the girls noted that their gender was the smarter one. This

source includes other studies that correlate with the research and agree with the results

found and approves of it. This source as well includes the comparison to the movie Hidden

Figures that women were underappreciated in prominent roles of math and science

occupations. This source believes that girls should be able to consider themselves as

equally intelligent as men.

Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer from Brooklyn, New York whom

writes for the National Public Radio (NPR). The NPR is a public organization that

produces articles and podcast that assert a specific topic and is conducted by professional

writers, scientist or psychologist. This source is reliable to my research because it shows

how girls are being affected at such a young age about the consequences of the

stereotypical images. This popular source has provided my research with astonishing data

that enhance the reasoning that stereotypes do effect individuals. This source is the most

beneficial from all my other sources in my annotated bibliography because they provide the

foundation of why stereotypes depict the identity people see in others.

Puri, Lakshmi. “Countering Gender Discrimination and Negative Gender Stereotypes: Effective

Policy Responses.” UN Women, 31 July 2011,

www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2011/7/coutnering-gender-discrimination-and-

negative-gender-stereotypes-effective-policy-responses.

The United Nations of Women have created their website to provide information that

women are being depreciated and deserve the equal rights that men have. This source has

defined what a stereotype is and how it has impacted the society and the images it has

created. Stereotypes have been occurring for a long-period of time and exists worldwide

however depending the time era and how they are always changing. Stereotypes can either

have a positive or negative connotation yet is translated in each society differently

depending the individuals who reside in it. Both men and women have been affected by

stereotypes however, it was proven that women are most affected because they have less

opportunities they can partake in. This source includes the ways that stereotypes can be

decreased and counter parted to provide everyone with equal opportunities.

The United Nations Women organization was founded in July 2010 to ensure that there is

gender equality for both men and women. This source is a speech spoken by UN Women

Deputy Director and Assistant Secretary-General Lakshmi Puri. Lakshmi Puri has a

bachelor’s degree from the Delhi University and a postgraduate degree from Punjab

University. This source is a biased source that mostly focuses on the equality that women

deserve however is a government source that provides information for individuals

 worldwide. This source is written for people worldwide to see the differences between

stereotypes and how they are damaging the lives of women. This source might be used in

my research to define stereotypes and ways to decrease stereotypes but I think it will only

be used for that unless I find unbiased information that provides benefits to my research.

Tuchman, Gaye. “Women’s Depiction by the Mass Media.” Signs, vol. 4, no. 3, 1979, pp. 528-

542. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org.librarylink.uncc.edu/stable/3173399

Stereotypes have begun since the end of the World War II, when the media grew a great

amount and has been a factor of these stereotypes. This source argues that the images of

women in the mass media forum have affected the women herself and the social life. This

source provides the statistics of the number of women who have been presented in mass

media forums. For example, only 20 percent of women are police officers and if they are

they aren’t as violent. This source provides comparisons between stereotypes of the past

and present and how they are still affecting a women’s life. The effect of the media has

been caused emotional pain, this theory was proven by experiments and surveys. Each

forum of media is responsible for the stereotype they create of women of how people

perceive them. For instance, movies are the greatest influencer that produce figures all

the women follow while magazine covers portray the physical appearance each woman

should follow. This source provides all different types of perspectives of stereotypes and

how they have evolved over the years.

Gaye Tuchman is a professor of sociology in the University of Connecticut and has

serves as the president of the Eastern Sociological Society and vice-president of

Sociologists for Women in Society. She is also one of the eighteen co-founders of this

society. Her article was peer-reviewed and collected from the JSTOR database and has

been proven to be credible and reliable for my research. This source is objective of how

stereotypes have evolved and have decreased depending the time era. The audience for

this source are men and women who are being influenced my visual literacy’s and need

to be brought to their attention of how they are being manipulated. This source will be

used in my research because it heightens the idea of how visual literacy affect a woman’s

stereotypical image and that it is still prominent today throughout these forums.