Matter and energy.

Matter: anything we can see, touch, taste or smell. It is

everything on our planet and in the Universe is made up of matter.
Materials: are made up of matter, and we use materials to make
things.
Physical changes of state.
Matter has different properties, like shape, size and state.
States of matter:
GASES LIQUIDS SOLIDS
SHAPE No definite. No definite. Definite. When
Change to the Change to the we put a solid
form of the form of the in a container,
container. container. the shape
doesn't change.
VOLUME No definite. Definite. We Definite. We
Fill the can change the can change the
container they container but container but
are in. the amount of the amount of
liquid stays solid stays the
the same. same.

Physical changes: the properties of matter which can change.

Bend, twist, press and stretch are examples of physical changes.
Mixtures.
A mixture is something that contains two o more different
materials, incluiding the air. In some mixtures we can see the
different materials, but in others is impossible.
Separating materials in a mixture:
We can separate the different materials in a mixture by sieving,
filtering or evaporating.
• Sieving: good for separating solids of different sizes.
• Filtering: good for separating solids and liquids.
• Evaporing: good for separating a solid that is dissolved in a
liquid.
Energy.
Energy is important for everything we do.
• Thermal energy: is in anything that is hot. The Sun produces
lots of thermal energy.
◦ When we heat a material, we are adding thermal energy to
it. → thermal energy can make materials change state.
Solid → liquid = melting.
Liquid → gas = evaporation.
• Light energy: The Sun produces lots of light energy. Plants
need light energy to grow.
• We use electrical energy for lots of things in out homes.
◦ Properties of materials in the way thay respond yo
electricity.
▪ Electrical conductors: electricity can pass through this
 materials. → metals and water.
▪ Electrical insulators: materials don't allow electicity
to pass. → wood and plastics.
• Things that make a noise have sound energy.
• Everything that moves has kinetic energy.