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1) Hallando reacciones:
↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
12 − 24 − 𝑅𝐵 (8) + 2 = 0
𝑅𝐵 = 4.75𝑇𝑛
↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
𝑅𝐴 (8) − 90 = 0
𝑅𝐴 = 11.25𝑇𝑛
2) Hallando cortes
↺ 𝑀𝐶𝐶1 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑥
𝑀𝐶𝐶1 = −2𝑥 ( ) = −𝑥 2 𝑉𝐶𝐶1 = −2𝑥
2
𝑆𝑖 ∶ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6
𝑥
𝑀𝐶𝐶2 = −2𝑥 (2) + 11.25(𝑥 − 2)
𝑆𝑖 8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10
a) Hallando centroide:
∑ 𝑦𝑖 𝐴𝑖 5250𝑐𝑚3
𝑦̅ = ⟹ 𝑦̅ = = 17.50𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑖 300𝑐𝑚2
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 𝐼 ̅ + 𝐴𝑑2
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 25624.99𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑀𝐶𝐶2
𝑀𝐶𝐶2 = = −2𝑥 + 11.25
𝑑𝑥
−2𝑥 + 11.25 = 0
2𝑥 = 11.25
𝑥 = 5.625
𝑀𝑚á𝑥 = 9.14 𝑇𝑛 − 𝑚
𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 11.25 𝑇𝑛
Respuestas:
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 ×𝑓×𝑦
A El máximo esfuerzo de tracción por flexión: 𝜎𝑡 = 𝐼𝑜
17.5𝑐𝑚
11.25 × 103 𝑘𝑔 × [(8 × 17.5𝑐𝑚2 ) ( 2 )]
𝜏=
8𝑐𝑚 × 25624.99𝑐𝑚4
11.25 × 103 𝑘𝑔 × 1225
𝜏=
204999.92𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔⁄
𝜏 = 67.22
𝑐𝑚2
PROBLEMA Nº34:
A) Determinar el esfuerzo de flexión máximo por tracción y compresión a 3m del extremo libre.
SOLUCION
1) Hallando reacciones:
↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
0 − 1 − 2 + 8 + 32 + 2 − 𝑅𝐵 (5) = 0
𝑅𝐵 = 7.8𝑇𝑛
↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
𝑅𝐴 (5) = 77
𝑅𝐴 = 14.2𝑇𝑛
1) Hallando cortes:
𝑆𝑖: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥
↺ 𝑀𝐶𝐶1 = −2(𝑥) ( ) − 1 𝑆𝑖: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
2
𝑥2
𝑀𝐶𝐶1 = −2 ( 2 ) − 1 = −𝑥 2 − 1 𝑉𝐶𝐶1 = −2𝑥
𝑆𝑖: 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑀𝐶𝐶2 = −𝑥 2 − 1 − 2(𝑥 − 1)
𝑆𝑖: 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
a) Hallando centroide:
𝑦𝑖 𝐴𝑖 1375𝑐𝑚3
𝑦̅ = = = 7.23𝑐𝑚
𝐴 190𝑐𝑚2
𝑦̅ = 7.23𝑐𝑚
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 𝐼 ̅ + 𝐴𝑑2
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 6632.68𝑐𝑚4
𝑀×𝑦
𝜎𝑡 =
𝐼𝑥𝑥
𝑉×𝑄
𝜏=
𝑏 × 𝐼𝑥𝑥
12.77𝑐𝑚
6.20 × 103 𝑘𝑔 × [(6 × 12.77𝑐𝑚2 ) ( 2 )]
𝜏=
6𝑐𝑚 × 6632.68𝑐𝑚4
𝑉×𝑄
𝜏=
𝑏 × 𝐼𝑥𝑥
2.33 2.5
6.20 × 103 × [(6 × 2.23) ( 2 ) + (5 × 20) ( 2 + 2.23)]
𝜏=
20𝑐𝑚 × 6632.68𝑐𝑚4
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2)
MR1 = 0 X = 2 M = 60 KN.m
R1=40KN X = 3 M = 40 KN.m
R1 = 30 KN X = 6 M = 20 KN.m
(2 ≤ x ≤ 6)
X = 4 M = 10 KN.m X = 7 M = 0 KN.m
X = 6 M = 20 KN.m
VCC1 = 30 KN (0 ≤ x ≤ 2)
VCC2 = -20 KN (2 ≤ x ≤ 6)
VCC3 = 20 KN (6 ≤ x ≤ 7)
Problema (404) Vica cargada como indica en la figura:
Calculando las reacciones:
Mo = -10(7)+R1(5)+40=0
MB = 0
Entonces:
MCC1 10 x
x 0 M0
x 1 M 10 Ahora: VCC1 = -10 0≤ x ≤ 2
0 x2
x 2 M 20
Entonces:
2≤x≤7
MCC2 = -4x + 28
x 2 M 20
x 3 M 16
x 4 M 12
VCC2 = -10+6=1 2≤x≤7
x5M 8
x6M 4
x 7 M 0
405.- Viga cargada como indica la figura
MA = 0 Fy - 0
R2 x 10 = 20 x 2 + 100.5 R1 – R2 = 201100
R2 = 54 KN R1 – 66KN
x
MCC1 = 66x – 10. VCC2 = 46 – 10x
2
MCC1 = 66x – 5x2 2 < x < 10
X = 0 Mn = 0 Vn = 86 X = 4 M4 = 814 V4 = 6
X = 1 M6 = 61 V6 = 56 X = 6 M6 = 136 V6 = -14
X=9 M9 = 48 V9 = -40
X = 9 M9 = 48 V9 = -40
MCC2 = 45 – 10x = 0
x
MCC1 = -20x – 20x X = 1 M = -80 KN.m
2
X=0M=0 X=4
M = 40 KN.m
X = 1 M = -10KN.m
X = 2 M = -80 KN.m
(4 x 6)
X = 4 M = 40KNm
X = 5 M = -20KN.m
X = 6 M = 0 KN.m
X=0 V = -20 KN
X=1 V = -40 KN
X=2 V = -60 KN
X=2 V = 80 KN
X=3 V = 60 KN
X=4 V = 40 KN
VCC3 = -20 -20x+140-40 (4 x 6)
VCC3 = 80 – 20x
X=2 V = 80 KN
X=3 V = -20 KN
X=4 V = -40 KN
du
20 20 140 40 0
dx
80 = 20x x = 4 M = 40 KN.m
R2 = 36 KN
Primer corte:
x0M 0
MCC1 = 24x x 1 M VCC1 = 24 0x2
x 2 M 48
Segundo corte:
MCC2 = 24x – 30(x-2)(x-2)/2
x 2 M 48
= 24x – 15 (x-2)2 x 3 M 57
x 4 M 36
x 2 v 24
VCC2 = 24—30(x-2)
x 4 v 36
Tercer corte:
x 4 M 36
MCC2 = 24x – 60(x-3)
x5M 0
VCC3 = 24-60=------36
4x5
Calculando Mmax
dM
24 30( x 2) 0
dx
24 – 30x – 60 = 0 84 = 30x
X = 2,8
x
(a) Hallando las reacciones MCC1 = 93.33 x – 40x.
2
R2 = 66.27
Fy = 0
80+80=R1 = 66.56
R1 = 93.33
Cuando 0 x 2 Cuando 2 x 6
X = 5 M5 = 56.65 V5 = -46.67
( x 2)
MCC2 = 93.33x – 80(x-1) – 20(x-2) X = 6 M6 = 0 V6 = -66.67
2
MCC2 = 13.33-20x
VCC2 = 13.33-20x
Hallando
Mmax
x = 2.66
Mmax = 110.5422
411.- Mensula con la carga triangular que indica la figura la cual varía de WN.m en el extremo libre a cero de la pared.
Analizando el gráfico:
L x
w (W R)
XW
W R
L
WX
R W
L
Entonces:
x 2 .w 2 x xw x
MCC1 . w x.
2L 3 L 2
wx3 wx2
MCC1
6L 2
412.- Viga con la carga indicada en la figura.
MR1 = 0
-60KN(5m) + R2 (6m) = 0
R2 = 50 KN
F = 0 R1 – 60KN + 50KN = 0
R1 = 10 KN
Cálculo de los momentos flexionantes (2 x 6)
x 1
(0 x 2) MCC1 = 10x-10(x-1)
1
x = 1 M = 10 KN.m x = 4 M = 20 KN.m
(6 x 8)
MCC3 = 10x-5(x-2)1+50(x-6)
x = 6 M = -20 KN.m
x = 7 M = -130 KN.m
x = 8 M = 0 KN.m
VCC1 = 10 (0 x 2)
VCC1 = 10 – 10 (x-1) (2 x 6)
x = 1 – V = 10 KN
x = 4 – V = -10 KN
x = 6 – V = -30 KN
VCC3 = 60 – 10 (x-2) (6 x 8)
x = 6 – V = 20 KN
x = 7 – V = 10 KN
x = 8 – V = 0 KN
10x – 5 (x - 2)2
dM
10 10( x 2) 0
dx
10 = 10 (x-2)
10 + 20 = 10x
X = 3m M = 30 – 5 = 25 KN.m
225 – 25 = 5R2
200 = 5R2 R2 = 40 KN
Fy =0 50 = R1 + 40 R1 = 10
MCC1
MCC1
10(x)-25-10(x-2)(x-2)/2+40(x-5)
= 10x – 25 – 5 (x-2)2
x 0 M 45
x 1 M 20
x 5 M 20
x 2 M 5 x 6 M 5
x 3M 0 x 7 M 0
x 4 M 5
x 5 M 20
dM
Calculando Mmax 0 10 10( x 2) 40 0
dx
10x – 40 + 20 + 10 = 70
X=7
VCC1 = 10-10(x-2)
0x5
x 0 V 30
x 1 V 20
x 2 V 10
x 3 V 0
x 4 V 10
x 5 V 20
VCC2 = 10-10(x-2)+40
5x7
x 5 V 20
x 6 V 10
x 2 V 0
Diagramas:
x
MCC1 = -12x
2
RA = 64.5 KN
Cuando 0 x 2
X=0 M0 = 0 V 0 = 0
X = 1 M1 = -6 V1 = -12
X = 2 M2 = -24V2 = -24
( x 2) 2
Y = (x-2) b= a = 12(x-2)
2
Hallando la ecuación:
( x 2) 0.5( x 2)3
MCC2 = -24(x-1)-12(x-2)
2 3
MCC2 = -24 (x-1) – 6(x-2)2 – 0.16(x-2)3
Cuando: 2 x 5
Cálculo de reacciones:
MD = 0
MC = -20 KN.m
(0 x 2) (0 x 5)
x
MCC1 = -8 MCC1 = -4x2 + 20(x-2)
2
= -4x2 MCC1 = -4x2 + 20(x-
2)
X = 5 M5 = - 40KN.m
Cálculo del momento máximo:
-4x2 + 20x – 40
dM
8 20 0 x 2.5
dx
M = -15 KN.m
VCC1 = -8x (0 x 2)
X=0 V=0
X=1 V = -8 KNm
X=2 V = 4 KN
X=3 V = 4 KNm
X=5 V = 10 KNm
417.- Viga con la carga triangular que indica la figura
MA = 0
WlL 2 L WL 4 L
. . R2 .L
4 6 4 6
6WlL2
. R2 L
24
WL
R2
4
Fy = 0
WL WL W2 WL
(b) Hallando las ecuacione R1 R1 =
4 4 4 4
y 2W WL x x
MCC1 . X
x L 4 2 3
WLx WX 3
y
2WX MCC1
L 4 3L
Analizando la ecuación:
Derivando:
WLy Wx 3 WL WL W .L3
M max .
4 3L 4 2 3L8
L2 WL2
X2 M max
4 12
X = L/2 en el max
(0 x 1)
MA = 0
x
-10KN(1m) – 60KN.m + MA + 10KN(gm) = 0 MCC1 5 x
2
MD = 20 KN.m = -2.5x2
F = 0 -10 KN + FD = 0 X = 0 M = 0
FD = 10 KN X = 1 M = -2.5 N.m.
(1 x 4) (4 x 5)
X = 4 M = -30 KN.m
Cálculo de fuerzas cortantes
VCC1 = 5x (0 x 2)
X=0 V=0
X=1 V = -5 KN
X=2 V = -10 KN
VCC2 = -10 KN (2 x 4)
VCC3 = -10 KN (5 x 5)
420.- Una carga distribuida, con una carga total de 70 KN/m soportada por una reacción uniforme como indica la figura.
x
Fy = 0 MCC1 = 35x
2
280 KN = 8w MCC1 = 17.5 x2
W = 35 KN MCC1 = 17.5 x2
VCC1 = 35x
Cuando 0 x 2
X = 0 M0 = 0 V0 = 0
X = 1 M1 = 17.5 V1 = 35
X = 2 M2 = 70 V2 = 70
x 70( x 2)2
MCC2 35 x
2 2
MCC2 = 17.5x2 – 35(x-1)2
VCC2 = 35 – 70 (x-2)
Cuando 2 x 6
X=2 M2 = 40 V2 = 70
X=3 M3 = 122.5 V3 = 35
X=4 M4 = 140 V4 = 0
x=6 M6 = 70 V6 = -70
x=8 M8 = 0 V8 = 0
Prob. (425). Viga cargada como indica la figura.
MA = 0
R2 = 30 KN
x 2 M 48
x0M 0 x 3 M
45
HCC1 = 24x x 1 M 24 HCC2=94-30(x-2)
x 4 M 36
x 2 M 48
x 5 M 30
Tercer corte: 5 x 6
x 5 M 30
HCC2 = 24x-30(x-2)-24(x-5) VCC2 = -30
x6M 0
Diagramas
426.- Viga en voladizo, sobre la que actúan dos fuerzas y un par como se indica en la figura.
M0= 0 Cuando 0 x 1
50x4-30.8-60 = MA X0 M0 = 0 V0 = -50
MA = 80 KN.m X1 M1 = 50 V1 = -50
MCC3
= -50x+60+30(x-2)
Cuando 1 x 2
Cuando 2 x 4
X1 M2 = 10 V1 = -50 X 2 M2
= -40 V2 = -20
X2 M2 = -10 V2 = -50 X 3 M3
= -60 V3 = -20
X 4 M4
= -80 V4 = -80
433.- Viga con roladizo cargado por una fuerza y un par, como se muestre en la figura:
R2 = 30 KN
R1 = 20 KN
(0 x 2) X = 2 M = -160 KN.m
X = 2 M = 40 KN.m
(5 x 7)
X = 5 M = -100 KN.m
X = 6 M = -50 KN.m
X = 7 M = 0 KN.m
Cálculo de fuerzas cortantes
VCC1 = 10 KN (0 x 1)
VCC2 = 10 KN (1 x 5)
VCC2 = 50 KN (5 x 7)
436.- Viga en roladizo cargada como se indica la figura.
Cálculo de reacciones:
F = 0 20 KN – 10KN – 40KN + F = 0
F = 30 KN
MA = 0 20 KN(1m) – 10 KN(3m)–40KN(5m)+30KN(6m)+M = 0
= 30 KN.m
(0 x 2) MCC1 =20(x-1)
x
MCC1 = 10( x) X = 2 M = 20 KN.m
2
= 5x2 X = 3 M = 40 KN.m
X = 0 M = 0 KN.m
X = 1 M = 5 KN.m
X = 2 M = 20 KN.m
(4 x 6)
X = 3 M = 40 KN.m X = 4 M = 50 KN.m
X = 4 M = 50 KN.m X = 5 M = 50 KN.m
X = 6 M = 30 KN.m
Cálculo del máximo momento flexionante
10(x-1)-10(x-3)-10(x-4)2
dM
20 10 20( x 4) 0
dx
10 = 20x - 80
90 = 10x
X = 45 M = 525 KN.m
VCC1 = 10x (0 x 2)
X=0V=0
X = 1 V = 10 KN
X = 2 V = 20 KN
VCC2 = 10KN (2 x 3)
VCC3 = 10KN (3 x 4)
VCC4 = 10-20(x-4) (4 x 6)
X = 4 V = 10 KN
X = 5 V = -10 KN
X = 6 V = -30 KN
442.- Viga cargada uniformemente, como indica la figura
MR1 = 0
WL WL WL
(2 K ) R2 (3k ) 0 F=0 R1 - 0
2 2 3
WL WL WL WL
R2 = R1
3 2 3 6
(0 x 1) X=0M=0
WL W 2 x
MCC1 x x X=1M=
WL W
6 2L 3 6 6L
WL2 WL2
WL
x
W 3
x X=LM= 0
6 6L 6 6
W Wx
y y
L L
Si 3k = x
WL Wx 2
WL
x
W 3
x VCC1 (0 x 1)
6 6L 6 2L
dM WL 3W 2
x 0 X = 0 V = WL/6
dx 6 6L
WL W 2 L2 1 3L
x x
2
x X = L V = WL/6 – W/2 = WL/3
6 2L 3 3 3
3
WL 3L W 3L
3
3WL2 3 WL2 WL2
3 3
3
M
6 3 6L 3 3 18 18
WL2
=
3 3
ML L WL 51
M A 0 . . L.R2
4 6 4 6
WL.L WL
L.R2 R2
4 4
Fy 0 WL . WL R1 R2
4 4
WL
R1
4
2Wy X W 2 WL 2 W 3 Wx 2 wx3
a . .x MCC1 .x x
L 2 L 4 3 L 2 L
2W WL W 3 Wx 2
b W . y .x MCC1 .x x
L 4 3L 2
WL
MCC1 .x
4
WL W 2x 2Wx x
MCC1 .x x 2 . w x.
4 L 3 L 2
Hallando Mmax
2
2W L 1 1 W L WL W 2
d x . x . x MCC1 = .x WX 0
L 2 2 2 L 2 4 L
WL WL L W L 1 1
2
X2 L
MCC2 .L X x . x. . x 0
L 4 6 L 2 2 3 L 4
1 1
1 1 4
2 4
3
WL2 WL L W L
MCC2 X x X
4 4 6 3L 2 1
2
2
1
X punto donde Mmax ocurre
2
b b2 400
20
445.- Viga cargada como indica la figura
MR1 = 0
RA = 100 KN
R1 = 180 KN
(0 x 2)
x
MCC1 = 40 x = 20x2 (2 x 4)
2
X = 2 M = -80KN.m X = 3 M = 0 KN.m
X = 4 M = 40KN.m
(4 x 5) MCC4 = 180 (x-1) – 160(x-1)
80 x 5
MCC3 = 180(x-2) – 160(x-2) - ( x 5)( x 5)
6 3
80
X = 4 M = 40 KN.m = 180 (x-2) – 160(x-2) - ( x 5)3
6
X = 5 M = 60 KN.m
X = 5 M = 60 KN.m
(5 x 8) X = 6 M = 75.56 KN.m
X = 7 M = 64.44 KN.m
X = 8 M = 0 KN.m
80
180(x-2) – 160(x-2) - ( x 5)3
18
dM 80 3
180 160 ( x 5)3 0
dx 18
80
20 ( x 5) 2
6
80
20 ( x 5) 2 x-5 = 1.22
6
X = 6.22 M = 76.33 KN.m
X = 3.78
VCC1 = 40x (0 x 2)
X=0 V=0
X=1 V = -40 KN
X=2 V = -80 KN
X=2 V = 100 KN
X=3 V = 60 KN
X=4 V = 20 KN
= 20 (4 x 5)
80( x 5)2
VCC4 20KN (5 x 8)
6
X=5 V = 20 KN
X=6 V = -6.67 KN
X=7 V = -33.3 KN
X=8 V = -100 KN
448.- Viga cargada como se indica en la figura.
MB1 = 0
5R2 = 330 KN
R2 = 66 KN
R1 = 104 KN
(0 x 1)
x
MCC1 104 x 20 x
3
= 104x – 10x2
X=0m=0
X = 1 m = 94 Kn.m
(1 x 4)
x 1 20( x 1) x 1
2
MCC2 104 x 20 x(0.5) 10( x 1)
2 2 3
10
= 104x – 10(x-0.5) – 10(x-1)2 - (x-1)
3
X = 1 M = 0 94 KNm
X = 2 M = 164.37 KNm
X = 3 M = 19533 KNm
X = 4 M = 166 KNm
(4 x 5)
X = 4 M = 226 KNm
X = 5 M = 100 KNm
10
104x – 10(x-0.5) – 10(x-1)2 - (x-1)3 VCC1 = 104 – 20x (1 x 4)
3
dM
104 20 10( x 1) 10( x 1) 2 0 X = 0 V = 104 KN
dx
84 = 10x2 X = 1 V = 24 KN
X = 1 V = 84 KN
X = 2 V = 54 KN
X = 3 V = 4 KN
X = 4 V = -66 KN
VCC3 = 104 – 20 – 60 – 90
= -66 KN (4 x 5)
Problema: 4.45: Dibujar AMD y DFC. Calcular el esfuerzo de flexión a: a) A 10 m del extremo del extremo libre
y a 20 cm por debajo del eje neutro. B) El esfuerzo cortante en el mismo punto. C) El esfuerzo máximo de
flexión. D) El esfuerzo cortante máximo.
(4 X 7)
x
MCC1 = -60x = -30x2 X = 4 M = -480 KN.m
2
X=0M=0 X = 5 M = -277.11 KN.m
X = 3 M = -270KN.m
X = 4 M = -480 KN.m
(7 X 9) (9 X 13)
12.5
X = 8 M = 1.56 KN.m = -420(x-35) + 472.89 (x-4) - ( x 9)3
3
X = 9 M = 54.45 KN.m
X = 9 M = 54.45 KN-,
X = 10 M = 103.17 KN.m
X = 11 M = 126.89 KN.m
X = 12 M = 100 62 KN.m
X = 13 M = 0 KN.m
12.5
Cálculo del máximo momento: -420(x-3.5) + 472.89(x-4)- ( x 9)3
3
dM
420 47a.89 12.5( x 9) 2 0
dx
12.5
M = -420(7.557) + 47289 (7057). (2.057)2 = 145.61 KN.m
3
X = 0 V = 0 KN x = 3 V = 150 KN = 52.89 KN
X = 1 V = -60 KN x = 4 V = -240 KN
X = 9 V = 52.89 KN
X = 4 V = 232.89 KN X = 11 V = 2.89 KN
X = 5 V = 172.89 KN X = 12 V = -59.61KN
X = 6 V = 112.89 KN X = 13 V = -147.11 KN
X = 7 V = 52.89 KN
0.16 0.04
Aiy 2 0.04
y 0.25m
Ai 0.16
I 2 4.93 103 m4
Respuestas:
145.61103 N .m.(0.35m)
TC 10.34 MPa
4.93 103 m4