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CHAPTER-1 Introduction
CHAPTER-5 Findings
CHAPTER-6 Recommendations
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CHAPTER-1
Introduction
Comparative Study:-
The comparative method is often used in the early stages of the development of a branch of
science. It can help the researcher to ascend from the initial level of exploratory case studies to
a more advanced level of general theoretical models, invariance such as casuality or evolution.
The design of comparative research is simple. Your objects are specimens or cases which are
similar in some respects (otherwise, it would not be meaningful to compare them) but they
differ in some respects. These differences become the focus of examination. The goal is to find
out why the cases are different: to reveal the general underlying structure which generates or
Comparison is one of the most efficient methods for explicating or utilizing tacit knowledge or
tacit attitudes. This can be done, for example, by showing in parallel two slides of two slightly
different objects or situations and by asking people to explain verbally their differences.
The method is also versatile: you can use it in detail work as a complement to other methods,
or the entire structure of a research project can consist of the comparison of just a few cases.
2
In comparative study, you are examining two (or more) cases, Observed
specimens or events, often in the form of a table such as can be seen state of things
on the right where a column is reserved for each case, here called
Case 1 Case 2
"Case 1" and "Case 2". On the basis of the target of your study you
Aspect A A1 A2
have to decide which are the interesting aspects, properties or
Aspect B B1 B2
attributes that you will have to note and record for each of the cases.
C C2
In the table on the right, these aspects are called A, B and C. During Aspect C 1
the process of analysis, you then can add new aspects or drop out fruitless ones. Those aspects
that are similar in both the cases need not be recorded, because here you are not making two
The final goal of research is usually to reveal the systematic structure, invariance that is true
not only for the cases that were studied, but for the entire group population where the cases
came from. In other words, the goal is to generalize the findings. Of course, it would be
foolhardy to assert anything about a larger group, if your study consisted of just two cases. The
plausibility of your generalisation will increase, if you have instead of "Case 1", several cases
from the same group, let us call it "Group 1", and similarly several cases from "Group 2". If all
or the majority of these pairs show the same invariance, its credibility will quickly rise. There
are statistical methods to calculate the credibility, or statistical significance of the findings. The
question whether they found invariance then is true even outside the population, is something
that the researcher normally leaves to be speculated by the readers of his report.
In the case that you wish to compare more than two groups, or the number of cases is large, the
In comparative like in most other studies there are two different styles, both of which will be
discussed below:
3
Descriptive Comparison aims at describing and perhaps also explaining the invariance
of the objects. It does not aim at generating changes in the objects; on the contrary, it
A special style of research is needed when the aim is not just to detect and explain but
also to improve the present state of the object or to help improving or developing similar
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CHAPTER-2
Objectives of study
To know what are the factors that keeps people intact with Ford.
To know what are the advantages enjoyed by Ford Endeavour over Toyota Fortuner&
vice-versa.
5
Company Profile
Type Public(NYSE)
Industry Automotive
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Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation and the world's third largest
In 2006, Ford was the second-ranked automaker in the US with a 17.5% market share,
behind General Motors (24.6%) but ahead of Toyota (15.4%) and DaimlerChrysler (14.4%).
Ford was also the seventh-ranked American-based company in the 2007 Fortune 500 list, based
on global revenues of $160.1 billion. In 2006, Ford produced about 6.6 million automobiles,
and employed about 280,000 employees at about 100 plants and facilities worldwide. In 2007,
Ford had more quality awards from J.D Power than any other automaker.
Henry Ford and incorporated in June 16, 1903. Ford now encompasses many global brands,
including Lincoln and Mercury of the US, Jaguar and Land Rover of the UK, and Volvo of
Ford has been one of the world's ten largest corporations by revenue and in 1999 ranked
as one of the world's most profitable corporations, and the number two automaker worldwide.
sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's combination of highly efficient
factories, highly paid workers, and low prices revolutionized manufacturing and came to be
7
The Automobile industry in India is the seventh largest in the world with an annual
production of over 2.6 million units in 2013. In 2013, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest
exporter of automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand. By 2050, the country is
expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the
nation's roads.
Following economic liberalization in India in 1991, the Indian automotive industry has
restrictions. Several Indian automobile manufacturers such as Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki and
Mahindra and Mahindra, expanded their domestic and international operations. India's robust
economic growth led to the further expansion of its domestic automobile market which
February 2013, monthly sales of passenger cars in India exceeded 100,000 units.
Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Following the independence,
in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive
component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. However, the growth
was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalization and the license raj which
hampered the Indian private sector. After 1970, the automotive industry started to grow, but
the growth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a
major luxury. Japanese manufacturers entered the Indian market ultimately leading to the
establishment of MarutiUdyog. A number of foreign firms initiated joint ventures with Indian
companies.
motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles. It was at this time that the Indian government
chose Suzuki for its joint-venture to manufacture small cars. Following the economic
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liberalization in 1991 and the gradual weakening of the license raj, a number of Indian and
multi-national car companies launched operations. Since then, [[automotive component and
automobile manufacturing growth has accelerated to meet domestic and export demands
Exports
India has emerged as one of the world's largest manufacturers of small cars According to New
York Times India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost,
automobile companies like Hyundai Motors, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Suzuki.
In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to
export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similarly, General Motors
announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.
In September 2013, Ford Motors announced its plans to setup a plant in India with an annual
capacity of 250,000 cars for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian
market and for export. The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the
hub for its global production business. Fiat also announced that it would source more than
According to Bloomberg L.P., in 2013 India surpassed China as Asia's fourth largest exporter
of cars
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Indian Automobile Industry
One of the fastest growing industries in the world is automobile industry. This
automobile industry even has its influence on the Indian market. Probably automobile
industries occupy a large market share in the worlds market as well as in the Indian market.
Nearly 18% of the total national income is being incurred from the automobile industry. From
this we can estimate how important the automobile industry in the improvement of GDP of a
country is. In India automobile industry has a growth rate is at the average of 10-12%.
The first motorcar on the streets of India was seen in 1898, Bombay had it first taxicabs
by the turn of the century. In 1903, an American company began a public taxi service with a
fleet of 50 cars. For about 50 years after car arrived in India, cars were directly imported.
Before World War I, around 40,000 motor vehicles were imported. During the years
between the wars, a small start for an automobile industry was made when assembly plant were
The import/assembly of vehicles grew consistently after the 1920s, crossing 30,000
units by 1930. It was during the end of the war that the importance of establishing an
indigenous automobile in India was realized. Premier Motors, Hindustan Motors and Mahindra
& Mahindra set up factories in the 1940s for progressive manufacture rather than assembly
from imported components. The cars they chose to make were the latest in the world when
Post-Independence Era
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The e government clamped down on imports and foreign investments. Companies like
GM and Ford packed their bags and left. India’s clock, thereafter, stood still while the world
raced on ahead. It would take nearly 50 years before the Indian auto industry could catch up
gave new licenses to brad groups of automotive products such as two and four-wheeled
vehicles.
Through a liberal move, the licensing system was very much intact. A manufacturer
indigenization progress and allowing for almost complete indigenization within five to seven
years. The biggest hurdle was the foreign-exchange clearance required for these projects.
Except for MUL, which had direct access to policy-makers, every other manufacturer still faced
a series of obstacles.
Several new products were launched during this period. All three traditional carmakers
added new models to their ranges – Standard Motors returned to the car business after 10 years,
when in 1985 it introduced the Standard 2000, a Rover SD1 body with the old two-litre
Vanguard engine. HM bought in a 1972 Vauxhall Victor in 1985, transplanted its ageing
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Rank wise Largest Automobile Manufacturers in India by Sales
1. Maruti Suzuki
2. Hyundai
3. Tata Motors
4. Mahindra
5. GM Chevrolet
6. Honda
7. HSD
8. Ford
10. Skoda
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History
Ford was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors,
most notably John Francis Dodge and Horace Elgin Dodge who would later found the Dodge
Brothers Motor Vehicle Company. During its early years, the company produced just a few
Model T's a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three
men worked on each car from components made to order by other companies. Henry Ford was
40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of
the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to
survive the Great Depression. The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford
Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 100 years.
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Corporate Governance:
Members of the board as of early 2007 are: Chief Sir John Bond, Richard Manoogian, Stephen
Butler, Ellen Marram, Kimberly Casiano, Alan Mulally (President and CEO), Edsel Ford II,
Homer Neal, William Clay Ford, Jr., JormaOllila, Irvine Hockaday, Jr., John L. Thornton and
The main corporate officers are: Lewis Booth (Executive Vice President, Chairman and Ford
of Europe), Mark Fields (Executive Vice President, President [The Americas]), DonatLeclair
(Executive Vice President and CFO, Mark A. Schulz (Executive Vice President, President
[International Operations]) and Michael E. Bannister (Group Vice President; Chairman & CEO
Ford Motor Credit Paul Mascarenas (Vice President of Engineering, The Americas Product
Development
Ford in India
Ford started its innings with the Mahindra-Ford joint venture formed in 1994, which
produced the Escort out of M&M Nashik plant. After meeting initial success, sales of the
The Ikon marked a new beginning for Ford in India. It rolled out of the Marajmalaingar
plant near Chennai and by now, the company had parted ways with M&M and was renamed
Ford India Ltd in 1998. The Ikon was the first model by a multinational to be developed
specifically for India. Though it was based on the Fiesta, it was a unique body style and was
offered and was offered with an option of three engines, including a diesel. The car was a big
hit. The Ikon underwent several face-lifts and price cuts to keep demand high. However,
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fresher competition and a reputation for high-maintenance saw sales gradually decline. After
the arrival of the modern and highly-capable Fiesta, another made-for-India car, with state-of-
the-art engines, the Ikon has been marginalized. The Fiesta has picked up where the Ikon left
Though the Ikon and Fiesta have been the mainstays of Ford’s production in India, the
company has had limited success with other models. The Mondeo, launched in 2001, was a
very talented car by was simply not suited to Indian conditions and earned a reputation for
The Endeavour SUV was launched in early 2004 and has sold well for its niche. The
Endeavour has recently been upgraded in 2007 and this has boosted the appeal of the big SUV.
In 2004, Ford launched the Fusion, which has received a lukewarm response though the recent
Saluja Ford
parts.
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to lead the way through constant innovation, setting new
Saluja Ford is a company committed to customer delight by offering the highest quality in
Vehicle dealership, sales and service for the last 20 years. Their international values are
based on a high quality service to the customer with a very high degree of fairness
Saluja Ford is the dealers for Ford Cars in Chandigarh. Ford India has recently accorded
Saluja Ford the prestigious and international recognition for 'QUALITY CARE'. The
foundation of our success is solidly based on the vision of our leadership and its employees.
• Professional Environment
• Great Product
• Low Payments
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That’s right, Saluja Ford believes that it's not enough to have just a great product, or
average customer satisfaction. They've succeeded because they provide SUPERIOR sales
and service. And we have been doing just this. Whether you shop with us online or in
person, you're buying or leasing, or you trust us to maintain your vehicle in peak
Their goal is to provide the best ownership experience you’ll ever have. That means high
customer satisfaction both during the sales process and delivering a world class service
So how do they do this? Well, its starts deep down at the root of our business philosophy.
Mission Statement, All dealership personnel will treat every customer as a potential
The bottom line is Saluja Ford promise you’ll be treated with fairness and integrity in all
Their certified sales and service consultants give you the personalized attention you
deserve. This also means that know body knows Fords like Saluja Ford. You can be sure
that our sales and service team know the Ford product from the very inside to the shiny
outside.
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Overview:
Exterior Appearance
Power Steering
Interior
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Infotainment & Connectivity
Overview
Strong, purposeful angles defines Ford's kinetic design philosophy. And the Ford Ikon stands
testimony to this, with the imposing grill-less front end, wider front fenders and meatier
bumper. The new muscular hood hunches down to the all-new multi-reflective, clear quad
Exterior Appearance
Kinetic Design
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Comfort & Convenience
Power Steering
Interior
Anti-Submarine Seats
Overview
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The Ford Fiesta SXI is a car which gives you the best of both worlds - styling and refinement!
It gives you the exceptional experience of a luxury sedan combined with unmatched fuel
economy that makes you want to get in the driver’s seat every time!
EXTERIOR APPEARANCE
Interior
6 Speakers
Instrumentation
Tachometer
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Safety & Security
Central locking
Overview
A perfect combination of power, style, comfort and safety, the exciting new Ford Endeavour
can take on anything the road throws at it. Under the bold new hood, behind the imposing new
headlights, beneath the chrome highlights and sculpted tailgate and in the purposeful air
Exterior Appearance
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Power Foldable Outside Mirrors
Rear Wash/Wipe
Read Defogger
Interior
Sporty Pedals
Titanium Finish on IP
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Leather Wrapped Steering & Gear Knob
Idol Stowage on IP
6 Cupholders
Cigarette Lighter
Instrumentation
Tachometer
Headlamp On Warning
6 Speakers
Satellite Navigation
Bluetooth Connectivity
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Ford Dynamic Safety Engineering
Dual Horn
Engine Immobilzer
Central Locking
Anti-Theft Alarm
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CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction:
Survey: - Survey means a planned effort to collect the desired information from a
representative sample of the relevant population.
Sampling: - Sampling studies are becoming more and more popular in all types of mass
study. The result of sampling has attained a sufficiently high standard accuracy.
For sample, I have chosen one area, which contains more than fifty outlets. The selection was
made through combined approach random sampling and convenient sampling. The entire
respondents are the residents of DWARKA.
Research Design: - A research design is purely and simply the work or plan for a study that
guides the collection and analysis of the data. I have chosen exploratory research design for
the study.
Sample size: The sample size in this project is 50 as the number of outlets in the area in
which I did the project was same as above.
Methods of Data Collection: - As the topic was concerned with consolidation of brand equity
primary and secondary data were important for the study.
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Primary Data: The data which is collected for the first time is known as primary data. It is the
first hand data. It serves the purpose or the objective of the research
Secondary Data: The data which is collected from the already available sources is known as
secondary data. It is easy to collect and less time consuming as compared to the primary data.
For the collection of primary data, I have used questionnaire method containing both close
end and open-ended questions.
Secondary data has been collected from the dealer, organizations and magazines.
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CHAPTER-4
People who bought Ford Endeavour since the launch of Toyota Fortuner i.e. in last one year
were asked few questions by us while doing the comparative study between the two cars so as
The Questionnaire was designed in such a way so that the maximum could be extracted out of
Well, as the Ford Endeavour’s customers were one of the top notch people of the city. So, it
was quite difficult to get a chance to interview them & interact with them.
The Sample given by the Saluja Ford was 60 but there were 8 to 9 people who could not be
given as follows: -
There were 15 questions asked form the Existing Ford Customers that varied in different
aspects of an SUV.
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The responses were as follows:-
Ques. 1 : Do you own any other SUV apart from Ford Endeavour?
Data Table
Graphical Representation:-
60
50
40
30
52 Series1
20
10
5 4
0
No. Of Fortuner Other
Responses
Qualitative Analysis:-
The responses of this question showed that there were 5 people who owned Fortuner& 4 who
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Did you consider following factors while buying ford Endeavour, knowing that Toyota
Fortuner is available in market?
Data Table
Graphical Representation
50
40
30
Series1
20
10
0
Yes No
Qualitative Analysis
The responses to this question showed almost all the customer considered this point while
purchasing Endeavour
Data Table
Graphical Representation
30
40
35
30
25
Series1
20
15
10
5
0
Yes No
Qualitative Analysis:-As per the answer of this question people did not gave much importance to
this factor
Data Table
Graphical Representation
22
no
Series1
30
yes
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Qualitative Analysis: -
This question was answered that people got a good amount of referrals before buying the Car.
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Ques. 5 Road/Market Presence
Data Table
Graphical Representation
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
0
yes no
Qualitative Analysis:
Road/Market Presence was an important factor in the minds of customers while buying.
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Ques. 6Brand Value
Data Table
Graphical Representation
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
0
yes no
Qualitative Analysis:-
Ques. 7Price
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Data Table
Graphical Representation
22
yes
no
30
Qualitative Analysis:-
34
Data Table
Graphical Representation
35
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
0
yes no
Qualitative Analysis:-
Ques. 9Maintenance
35
Data Table
Graphical Representation
yes
no
Qualitative Analysis
Maintenance was an issue in their minds, As ford provides a better After Sale Service
Data Table
36
52 38 14
Graphical Representation
100%
38
50% 14
Series1
0%
Yes
No
Qualitative Analysis
Data Table
37
52 40 12
Graphical Representation
Yes
No
40
Qualitative Analysis:-
This was also an important factor that people considered before buying the customer
Ques. 12 Out of 10 how much would you give to Ford Endeavour & Toyota Fortuner
Data Table
38
Graphical Representation
40
20
Series1
0 Series1
yes no
Qualitative Analysis: -
Most of the Customers gave more marks to Ford Endeavour over Toyota FortunerQues.13
Data Table
52 44 8
Graphical Representation
yes
44 no
Qualitative Analysis
The customers were very interested to suggest Ford Endeavour to their known ones.
Ques. 14 Do you agree that Ford Endeavour offers value for money
39
Data Table
52 42 10
Graphical Representation
no
Series1
yes
0 20 40 60
Qualitative Analysis
Customers do agree with the fact that Endeavour does offer true value for money.
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CHAPTER-5
Findings
In terms of looks Fortuner is better than Endeavour but when it comes to features &
power, which are required perquisites of an SUV, it is Endeavour that takes the Lead.
According to the survey I have come to conclusion that overall Ford Endeavour is better
Ford Endeavour has much better &higher ground clearance to make the car more
Location of horn buttons on the steering vehicles makes it a pleasure for the driver. (As
the India motorist uses the horn more frequently, for cars sold in India, the horn buttons
are kept on the steering wheel and not on a lever on the side as in the models sold in
Europe.)
Most of the customers are happy after buying Ford Endeavour and even they opted
Endeavour after knowing that Fortuner is available because they have already checked
Most of the customers told that if option of 4*4 would available in manual also.
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CHAPTER-6
Recommendations
As far recommendations are concerned, I would like to throw light upon one
aspect is that the Sales Consultant need to polish their skill as far vehicle like
Endeavour are concerned , Consultant are very good with customers of Ford
Figo, Fiesta &Ikon. But they need to be little more smart while selling an
Endeavour.
Many of the Customers bought Endeavour because its delivery period is very
Few customers were quite happy with the fact that the After Sale Service of
Ford is very good. So, company should just stick with their standards.
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Bibliography
salujaford.in
india.ford.com
cardekho.com
wikipedia.org
ford.com
autocar magazine
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Questionnaire
Ques. 1 : Do you own any other SUV apart from Ford Endeavour?
__________________________________________
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
44
Ques. 6 :Brand Value
Yes No
Ques. 7 :Price
Yes No
Yes No
Ques. 9 :Maintenance
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
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