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Robert Mills Gagné was an educational psychologist who served as Professor in the Department of
Educational Research at Florida State University. He is best known for his theory on the conditions of
learning and on the nine events of instruction.
The body of Gagné's work is sometimes summarized as the Gagné Assumption. Gagné's theory
stipulates that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional approaches are required to
maximize the achievement objectives of each specific learner. The focus of his theory is on the retention and
honing of intellectual skills.
Gagné's theory proposes that there are Nine Essential Steps of Instruction:
The development of rationally sound instructional procedures, according to Gagné, must take into
consideration various characteristics of the learner, such as initiate capacities, experimental maturity, and
current knowledge states. Such factors become parameters that should be used to design of any program of
instruction.
Learning & Human Development
The following chapters in Robert M. Gagné's book present his explanation of the nature of human
intellectual development, cumulative learning theory.
His Cumulative Learning Theory provides an alternative to the concept of instructional sequencing
which was widely used.
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