Unit 1 – The Online World

Learning Aim B

Name: Ussud Ali

Form: 10ALE

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 Lesson 1 – Key Internet Terms
(Student Book B – Pg 17-18)

Fill in the gaps below:

Term Abbreviation Definition
Point of POP An access point to the internet. Normally, it is a location which contains all of the hardware which
Presence allows internet users access to the internet. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) may operate several
PoPs in their area to allow good access to the internet
NAP An interchange between networks within the internet. It allows ISPs to interconnect with each
other.
Internet IP The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to
Protocol another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP
address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

.
Transmission TCP The protocol which takes data from a user’s application program and passes it to the IP for transfer
Control Protocol across the internet. The reverse operation is performed at the destination computer, i.e. the TCP
reassembles the data (from individual packets) and forwards them to the user’s application
program. The close relation with the IP means that the terms are usually used in combination, i.e.
TCP/IP.

File transfer FTP A standard protocol which allows fi les to be transferred between two computers on a TCP-based
Protocol network. It is commonly used to download programs to your computer from other servers and to
upload web pages that you have created to the server that is hosting them on the internet.

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 internet ISP An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing and using
Service the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial,
Provider community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

In addition to providing a gateway to the internet, ISPs normally provide additional services such
as email. Many also provide web space for the development of websites, technical support and
troubleshooting

Find the definition of the following:

Network Add the definition below:

A network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer
networks, both or more people are connected to the very same network service provider.
Protocol Add the definition below:
A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. 'Typically, a firewall lets HTTP requests pass through
- HTTP being the standard protocol for transmitting webpages.' 'The team built the platform on Internet communication protocols

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Infrastructure

Lesson 2 – Internet Infrastructure

(Student Book B – Pg 18-19)
Description

Server: A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which runs purely to _ _ _ _ _ the needs of

other computers. It runs special server software to service the requirements of the _ _ _ _
_ (clients). There are several types of servers, including _ _ _ _ servers and _ _ _ _ _ _ _
servers on a local area network (LAN), and _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ servers that manage
communication with the internet.

Client: - A computer which _ _ _ _ the services provided by the server.

Router: A piece of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that connects _ _ _ or more networks. In relation to the

internet, data from the ISP is sent into the network and the _ _ _ _ _ _ then _ _ _ _ _ _ _
the data packets to the correct destinations. The router also handles data travelling in the
other direction. Routers can be described as ‘_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of traffic’ for the networks.

Connecting backbone:
The _ _ _ _ connecting data routes between large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the internet and
smaller networks in local _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Using you artistic skills re-create the diagram on page 18

Figure 1.7 internet infrastructure

What is meant by the term bandwidth?

The meaning of bandwidth is a range of frequencies this is used to transmit
signals and to connect and find other provided services.
What happens if there is insufficient bandwidth?
Something could wrong and you could get a whole different frequency.

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 Fill in the gaps below and be sure to make the correct match

Connection Description Match connection method Advantage Disadvantage

method to the correct advantages &
disadvantages section draw
a line
Wireless Transmitting a wireless signal means that you Not fixed to a stationary
can connect to your internet without wiring computer. Can be used
your device to your modem or your router. Or wherever there is a
maybe you can connect to other services. wireless hub which is
accessible.

Dial-up Access a computer system or service remotely Broadband connections

via a telephone line. can give better reception
Using your service that you are currently using. and are usually faster
. than dial-up.

A high-capacity transmission technique using Older technology gives

Broadband a wide range of frequencies, which enables a poor reception at times.
. large number of messages to be The conversion from
communicated simultaneously. digital to analogue signals
can cause errors. Tends to
be slower than other
connection methods.

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 Lesson 3 – Worldwide Web 1
(Student Book B – Pg 20-21)

How are webpages connected? What does a hyperlink do?

Hyperlink are just links that send you to webpages or any other online page,
webpages are connected by links that open up the page showing you your source.

What is a web server?

A Web server is a program that uses (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve
the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which
are forwarded by their computers clients.

Tim Berners-Lee developed the worldwide web in 1991

- Find out another fact about him add it below
Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist at CERN, invented the World
Wide Web in 1989. The web was originally conceived and
developed to meet the demand for automatic information-sharing
between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.
What is HTML & why do we need it?
HTML is used to create websites and we need this so that people could go on sites
and access information.

What authoring software can be used to create HTML using wizards

- Name the software below & then draw it

(draw in here) (draw in here)

What are .htm and .html?

n such cases, html converter is required to convert .html/.htm extension
files into other formats and vice versa. Concisely, .htm and .html are both
recognized as HTML files.

shade me in shade me in

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You will need to annotate the image below with explanations, use as many keywords as you can
within your explanations

Keywords
Pairs Opening tag End tag Head tags
paragraph HTML element HTML Formatting

Prepare two questions to challenge the class:

Question:
What is HTML

Answer: to make websites and upload information.

Question: What is ISP?

Answer: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing
and using the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as
commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

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 Lesson 4 – Worldwide Web 2
(Student Book A – Pg 22 - 23)

What does every web page have?

Every webpage has a link on the top left of the page showing the link that can bring you to this
webpage, also it shows the title of the website.

What is a URL?
A URL is a universal resource locator that is
something that you would use to bring you to
web page.

What does URL stand for?

It is stand for universal resource locator.

What is a search engine? How have you used a search engine in the past?
A search engine is what you would use to search for information on the web

How many search engines can you list below?

Chrome Firefox Safari
Opera Bing
What does a database search to find matching pages? Answer with a full sentence

How do search results appear in a search engine and why?

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Using the image below explain how search engines work:

Search engines work by typing in what you want then it would take only a second to process and
your result would come up.

Read the statement below and re-write it in your own unique way
An automated web browser known as a crawler, spider and bot are used to follow every link in a
website. Each page is then analysed as it’s found and relevant data is extracted and stored on the
search engines index database.

Your version:

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Fill in the missing blanks below?

When you enter a word or short phrase as a _ _ _ _ _, the search engine looks at its _ _ _ _ _
and displays a list of the ‘_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _matches’, together with a short extract from
each web page. With most general queries there will be many hundreds or even _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ of matches, so the search engines operate a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ system for their indexes. The
ranking system is used to try to make the results of the searches _ _ _ _ _ _ _. However, as
search engines are commercial businesses, other companies can _ _ _ money to improve
their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the ranking system.

Using the information above can you relate that to the google search below?

Place your answer here:, it has been started for you

The phrase that has been entered is ….

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 Lesson 5 – Email
(Student Book B – Pg 24-26)

In relation to email what is meant by the term sender & recipient?

Sender Recipient
A person who send a file or a document to someone A Recipient is someone who
received a shared file.

Within your email program you have an address book, what can you create with it?
An e-mail address or name to the Address Book. In a message that you receive, right-
click the name of the sender, and then click Add to Outlook Contacts. A contact form
opens, with the sender's name and e-mail address already filled i

What is an attachment and what can it contain?

An attachment is something that you can do when you are sending someone an email you can
attached a file or a document or a picture excreta and send it.

Why do you use CC (carbon copy) in an email?

With the advent of email, the abbreviations blind carbon copy have also come to refer to
sending copies of an electronic message to recipients other than the addressee.
Nowadays "carbon copy" is often used metaphorically to refer simply to an exact copy.
Many people use carbon copy to send multiple emails at the same time, this can save time so you
don’t have to waste time and spending so much time putting the effort sending a message to one
person when you can save time and do multiple.
Email Example Zoomed in

When would you use BCC?

For security and privacy reasons, it is best to use the Blind Carbon Copy feature when
sending an email message to a large number of people. When you place email addresses
in the BCC: field of a message, those addresses are invisible to the recipients of the email.

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What are the benefits of email? Draw a line of connection and fill in any missing gaps
First word Draw a line of connection Benefit of email
Speed

cost of delivery

instant Unlike the conventional mail system, there is

no additional cost to the standard broadband
charges.
delivery Delivery on a global scale

Attachments (e.g. documents and audio and video files)

Having a record of the correspondence between users

Webmail Webmail providers (including Hotmail and

Gmail) tend to store emails on a remote
provider, meaning that you can access them
anywhere via a web browser
What are the drawbacks of email?
Multiple copies of a message can be sent to a You may have to wait a long time to
group of people get a reply.
A carbon copy of an email can be sent to other Email attachments can contain
people viruses

Below are some drawbacks of email try to remember them

Virus Spam
Phishing scam

Email protocols

A separate system of protocols has been devised for use purely by _ _ _ _ _

Email Protocols
(Fill in the missing gaps)
Protocol Acronym Description


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 SMTP




POP3 Used to retrieve emails from an email server over a
TCP/IP connection. This is the most widely used email
retrieval protocol. Normally users download emails to
their local computer using POP3, deleting them from
the email server.
Internet
Message Access
Protocol


Describe the difference between the three email protocols SMTP, POP3 and IMAP.

Awesome job on developing your knowledge of emails. Can you now describe what email is
and how it’s used? You should also talk about the email protocols.

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 Lesson 6 - Data Exchange 1
(Student Book B – Pg 27 - 29)

What does VoIP stand for?

Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP and IP telephony) is a methodology and group
of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet
Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.
What does VoIP send over the internet?
VoIP is short for Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of
hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for
telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit
transmissions of the PSTN.

What hardware is required to transmit & receive voice communication?

You need some speakers and a receiver to transmit and communicate.

What about if you have a webcam what does that allow?

A webcam allaws you

What software is required to run a VoIP system?

What does the codec program do?

Creating online world.

VoIP can be run over smartphones what’s one of the most common VoIP systems?

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 Voice over input protocol

What is a wireless netwrok?

Wireless networks are computer networks that are not connected by cables of any kind.
The use of a wireless network enables enterprises to avoid the costly process of introducing
cables into buildings or as a connection between different equipment locations.

What wireless network have you used? Explain why you use it

What do all devices using the network require and why?

They neeed to require the internet so that they can socialize and do there work.

Wireless networks have many advantages – probably the most important is mobility;
people are no longer tied to desks and wires. So what does the word mobility mean?

Mobility Scooter
For the next set of questions use the table on the next page
1. Which transmission method has the maximum range?

2. Whats the benefit of coaxia cable?

3. Whats the range of UTP/STP?

4. Whats the limitation of fibre optic?

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5. Give an example of how satelite is used:

6. Whats the maximum data transfer rate of coaxia?

7 . write your own question & answer

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 Lesson 7 – Data Exchange 2
(Student Book A – Pg 30 - 31)

Simplex Half Duplex Transmission Full Duplex Transmission

Transmission
Sends data in _ _ _ Allows _ _ _-way transmissions Allows _ _ _-way communication
direction only. A radio but the devices don’t transmit at at the same time. The telephone
broadcast is a good the _ _ _ _ time. A system being system, land or mobile, is an
example of simplex used to monitor and control example of a full duplex system.
transmission. manufacturing processes can
use half-duplex transmissions. It
will send a message to the
control computer, which will
respond with new settings, but
they both cannot send messages
at the _ _ _ _ time. Some
network systems use half-duplex
to maximise bandwidth.
Draw a radio Draw a Walky Talkie Draw a mobile

What is a byte?

What is parallel transmission? Simultaneous means:

What is serial transmission?

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 USB
What does USB stand for? Write the answer 3 times?

What type of transmission method is it?

What devices is USB used in nowadays?

What’s the maximum transmission rate for USB 2.0?

Bi-directional transmission
Did you know that Bi means
A combining form meaning “twice,” “two,” used in
the formation of compound words: One example
would be bicycle as it has two wheels one behind
the other.

What is bi directional transmission essentially about?

Fill in the missing word?

Most recently the term has been applied to _ _ _ _ _ optics. Using the
current technology, _ _ _ _ _ passes in _ _ _ direction only, so you have to
add extra fibres to the bundle to carry a signal in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
direction.

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 Lesson 7 – Data Exchange 2 (Continued)
(Student Book B – Pg 31 - 32)

Client Side Processing

What is Client Side Processing?

Client-side refers to operations that are performed by the client in a client–server

relationship in a computer network. Typically, a client is a computer application, such as
a web browser, that runs on a user's local computer or workstation and connects to a
server as necessary.

Give an example of client side interaction?

Client-side frameworks and scripting languages like JavaScript

How does this image relate to client side interaction?

What are the benefits of client’s side processing?

Sharing relation with computer network

What are the disadvantages of client’s side processing?

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 Server Side Processing

What is Server Side Processing?

Give an example of server side interaction?

How does this image relate to server side interaction?

What are the benefits of server side processing?

What are the disadvantages of server side processing?

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 Lesson 8 – Data Storage 1
(Student Book B – Pg 34 - 35)

Database structure

Fill the blanks

A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a system for managing a collection of _ _ _ _. Data about a

particular type of thing – for example, customers or products – is stored in a _ _ _ _ _ .
You can think of a table as a grid. Every row in the table holds information about a
single item; this is also called a _ _ _ _ _ _. Every column holds information about a
property of the items in the table, such as a customer’s name or an item’s price – these
properties are called _ _ _ _ _ _

What is every field in a database set up to hold?

Fill on the blank spaces and write some examples of data types in the correct area

Data Type Write some examples

Text (also called characters or strings ): sequences of

letters, numbers and other symbols.

Someone’s name would be a text field.

Number: represents a numerical value. A product’s price or

the number of items left in stock would be stored as
numbers. This would enable you to produce a report
summing up the prices of all the products you had sold,
which wouldn’t be possible if they were stored as text

Short Date: 01/01/2015

Medium Date: 01-Jan-15
Short Time: 18:21
Medium Time: 06:21 PM

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Logical (also called Boolean or Yes/no): represents a value
that is either true or false. For example, when a customer
opens an account with an online company, they might be
asked whether they are happy to receive marketing
material. Their answer could be stored in a logical field
(true if they are happy to receive marketing information,
false if they are not).

Type this link in your browser for some examples of data types
tinyurl.com/pvnofc4
Relationship between database tables

One of the benefits of a database

A benefit of databases is the ease with which the
information they hold can be assessed.

A database has two types of keys what are they? Can you explain both of them?

1. Fill in the missing blanks

The _ _ _ _ using a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ key is known as a relation
2. What can be built between different tables?

There are different types of relationships they include:

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One has been done for you:
One way

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 Lesson 9 – Data Storage 2
(Student Book B – Pg 35-36)

Online databases

How are online databases accessed?

How are online databases different to local databases?

Online database is spread everywhere and local database is much
smaller.

What is used to help users’ build online databases? Do you have to pay?

Write below some examples of sophisticated software?

Who is online data held by? What types of online databases are there?

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 What does DBMS stand for?
DBMS. Stands for "Database Management System." In short, a DBMS is a database program.
Technically speaking, it is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving,
and running queries on data.

What is a DBMS?
A database management system (DBMS) is system
software for creating and managing databases. The
DBMS provides users and programmers with a
systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage
data.

SIMS Database
What does a DBMS allows you to do?
 integrity - the structure of the database can change, but the applications using the data do not
need to be changed
 efficiency - avoids data duplication and inconsistency, and less storage space is taken up because
data is shared
 consistency - data is the same, regardless of who is viewing it
 backups - it is easy to back up data from one location
 security - the data is in a secure central place and different access rights can be assigned to different
people
 customisation - applications can be customised to suit the needs of the user
An important part of a DBMS is separating applications from the data. When people use the
applications they call on the data they need to work on. They do not need to use all the data
every time they use the database.
A database in a DBMS could be viewed by lots of different people with different responsibilities.

What does SQL stand for?

Structure query language

What is SQL? How many parts are there?

SQL consists of three components: Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Manipulation Language

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 Fill in the missing blanks

SQL PART Abbreviation description

1. (DDL):

2. Data Manipulation Language This is the part used to add, delete,

change and query the data which
is held in the database structure

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