Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
and on the equations for the elevation angle and the time for sunrise/sunset
F.X. Grau
23 April 2018
While correcting the first handout, where it was asked to perform a prediction of the duration
of the day for a complete year in the student hometown, I noticed that there has been a real
confusion about the sign of the longitude. The confusion is due to the actual existence of the
two conventions: to assign a negative sign to East longitudes versus to assign a positive one.
In the course notes, I used the negative convention (see slide 39 in Chapter 2. Physics of the
Atmosphere. Energy Balance and Radiation), i.e.:
Longitude of Tarragona= 1.2499˚E = ‐1.2499˚
In fact, as this convention is less common than the opposite, even the reference book I used
for this chapter has changed it in its last edition:
Meteorolgy for Scientist and Engineers, Practical Meteorology, Roland Stull, 2015
Rolans Stull, 2000
Of course, the change in convention affects the equations where longitude is used: see the
difference between equation 2.9 in the left image and equation 2.6 in the right (the sign
preceding the longitude changes from negative to positive).
There is no special need to make this change, provided you are well aware which sign
convention are you using: if you make use of the equations given in the course notes, be sure
of using negative longitudes for East. On the contrary, if your longitude finder in internet is
saying you that Tarragona has a positive longitude and you want to keep it, then, be sure of
using the appropriate sign in the equations for the elevation angle and for the time for
sunrise/sunset.
Longitudes are negative East Longitudes are positive East
sin sin sin δ cos sin sin sin δ cos
C t C t
cos δ cos cos δ cos
t t
t sin sin δ sin t sin sin δ sin
t t
cos cos δ cos cos δ
Finally, this possible confusion does not affect your prediction of the duration of the day since,
of course, longitude cancels when the subtraction tsunset – tsunrise is done.