I.

Introduction
a. What is a non-written work
b. Types of non written work of rizal
1. Scuplture
2. Drawings
3. Animals named after him
4. Collection of shells found in Dapitan
c. How will it help in the making of a national hero?
II. Body
a. Scupltures of Rizal
1. Triumph of death over life
-background, art analysis
-literal analysis, evidences
-viewers perspective
2. Triumph of science over death
-background, art analysis
-literal analysis, evidences
-viewers perspective

3. Mother's revenge
-background, art analysis
-literal analysis, evidences

-viewers perspective
b. Sketches of Rizal
c. Species found by Rizal in Dapitan

During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal did not only spend his time carrying out his profession as a doctor, he
was also able to appreciate the demographics of the province, the sceneries, and study the people that
he encountered. Very few of us Filipinos know of Rizal’s keen interest in studying animals existing in the
Philippines. He collects different types of shells that he found on the coast of Dapitan and sent it to the
director of the Royal Zoological and Anthropological Museum in Dresden, Saxony, Doctor Karl von
Heller, and Dr. Adolf B. Meyer, a friend he met in Germany in 1886. works for further study of the
specimens that he sent and laso in exchange of books. Among the books that he received were Greek
classics, and so on.

the animals the he sent to Dresden were 3 new species of animals ( 2 reptiles and 1 insect) that were
named after him in honor as the discover. The first species is the dragon rizali which is

His exile in Dapitan was spent meaningfully. He

 1. dragon lizard
2. lizard
3. frog

d. Shell collection of Rizal

III. Conclusion
-literal non-written works
-most important non-written work of Rizal

1. 1. The ZOOLOGIST
2. 2. Zoology • Zoology or animal biology, is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom,
including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals,
both living and extinct • Zoologist • a specialist in zoology.
3. 3. Interest in Zoology at an early age • As a small boy, Rizal loved animals including birds, fish,
insects, and other specimens of animal life. Fowls, rabbits, dogs, horses, and cats constituted his
favorites. • In his childhood, he would return to the orchard after study, where the study of insects and
birds held his interest.
4. 4. His records at Ateneo 1872-1877
5. 5. 5 Interest in Zoology in other Places • He traveled to Frankfurt where he visited magnificent
buildings like the Städel Institute, the Opera House, Zoological Garden, and various coffee shops
where he enjoyed reading the newspaper. Modern-Day Zoologischer Garten In Frankfurt, Germany
6. 6. Museums he went to • Colombo’s Museum Along with 4 spaniards, he saw stuffed sharks, saw
fishes sword fishes, giant turtles, skeletons, of two elephants, and two live Peacocks. • British Musem
in London • Vienna Museum in Austria with Professor Nordmann
7. 7. • One would see how inquisitive Jose Rizal was, his love for biology and taxonomy ever growing.
Take note that he used English to communicate to the people he met in Singapore: • Dated May 10,
1882: “I met there a Malay who could not understand me. I went out looking for mammals, for I
believed there were some and I found only a kind of cage-storehouse where I saw in different
compartments two superb peacocks, an eagle, two marabous, turkeys, and Guinea hens, blue birds
similar to the hoopoe in plumage, wild pigeons, cockatoos, and other birds whose names I didn’t
know. I met another Malay and as he could not understand me, I drew a cow and showed it to him and
he replied: Tadar. Tired of looking for it, I approached an Englishman who was playing with his dog. I
greeted him and asked him for the zoological garden. He replied that there was none. I went away
then, looked for a coach, and went back."
8. 8. • This is a sketch Rizal made to depict the stingray as he remembered it when he was visiting the
Botanical Garden at Singapore in 1882.
9. 9. Rizal, the Zoologist in Dapitan • He corresponded with his scientist friends, exchanging ideas on
the fauna of Dapitan. One of these friends was Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, • For his part Meyer did not fail
to acknowledge that Rizal’s help was indispensable to his work, asking him “not to stop gathering
specimens [for] one always finds something valuable”. whom he met in Dresden in 1886.
10. 10. Specimens in exchange of books • He was a regular contributor of specimens of reptiles,
mammals, birds, fish, insects, crustaceans and other invertebrates to The director of the Royal
Zoological and Anthropological Museum in Dresden, Saxony, Doctor Karl von Heller, and Dr. Adolf
B. Meyer, who was a great friend and admirer of Doctor Rizal.
11. 11. Specimens in exchange of books Rizal was paid for these specimens by scientific books and
material. 109-110 Aeschylus 113-116 Sophocles 164-165 Ossians gedichte 50 Furgenjew (Iwan)
Vater and Sohn 64 Furgenjew Rauch 1-3 V Serie Bismarck als Redner Furgenjew (Iwan)Neoland
Rnazewsy (T.T.) Der Dichter and die Welt The complete works of Gogol (in German) Valadimer
Korolenko Danilewsky
12. 12. Dapitan, 8 June 1893 Dr. A. B. Meyer Dear Doctor, I have just received your letter dated 24
March and I agree heartily to your "Petition'' that I prepare for you scientific specimens. Only that as I
am a deportee here, I am not free to go everywhere or use a rifle, etc. [01] In spite of this, I shall do
everything possible to serve you. All the birds, reptiles, etc. that I can buy, I shall keep for you; I also
know a little about their preservation. However, I should like to know if Dr. Schadenberg will accept
any kind of animals, reptiles, and skulls, for you may already have the kind that are here. I would
prefer that you send me a catalogue with prices so that I may not pay too much for them. You have
reminded me again of the beautiful days we spent together in Paris, those were other times. They were
times in free Europe. Respectfully, Rizal I have just received your letter dated 24 March and I agree
heartily to your "Petition'' that I prepare for you scientific specimens. Only that as I am a deportee
here, I am not free to go everywhere or use a rifle, etc. In spite of this, I shall do everything possible to
serve you. All the birds, reptiles, etc. that I can buy, I shall keep for you; I also know a little about
their preservation. However, I should like to know if Dr. Schadenberg will accept any kind of animals,
reptiles, and skulls, for you may already have the kind that are here. I would prefer that you send me a
catalogue with prices so that I may not pay too much for them. Rizal, Dapitan, 8 June 1893 || To Dr.
Adolph B. Meyer
13. 13. 13 • Rizal sent specimens of “45 reptiles, 9 mammals, 13 birds, 9 fishes, and 68 crustaceans”.
These were apart from his 346-species shell collection. Some of the specimens gathered by Dr. Jose
Rizal and Dr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez, his teacher in literary, in the Jesuit Museum
14. 14. Dapitan, 24 October 1893 Dr. A. B. Meyer My dear Friend, Through the kindness of Dr.
Schadenberg I have the pleasure to send you a little collection of reptiles, crustaceans, coleopteran [an
order in the beetle family - rly], etc. that you will find named on the labels of the jars. I had a larger
collection, I had a tortoise, gledes (Weigh?), Weihen (Meyer) birds, etc. but for lack of suitable
containers they were eaten by rats. The expense of this remittance is more or less twelve pesos on
account of the difficulty here of obtaining alcohol and jars. I have to get the alcohol from the drugstore
and it is still of poor quality. I have written to Dr. Schadenberg asking him for alcohol and jars for
they certainly cost less at Manila and in that way the cost of remittance would be very cheap. I should
like to know if you want the skeletons of the mammals mounted or joined. I have also my own
collection of seashells of more than 200 species, already classified and arranged. Do you want it? How
much would they give me for it? They are all shells of the district of Dapitan. I have no rifles yet.
With many regards to friend Blum, command at any time your servant and friend who kisses your
hand, José Rizal Through the kindness of Dr. Schadenberg I have the pleasure to send you a little
collection of reptiles, crustaceans, coleopteran [an order in the beetle family - rly], etc. that you will
find named on the labels of the jars. I had a larger collection, I had a tortoise, gledes (Weigh?),
Weihen (Meyer) birds, etc. but for lack of suitable containers they were eaten by rats. The expense of
this remittance is more or less twelve pesos on account of the difficulty here of obtaining alcohol and
jars. I have to get the alcohol from the drugstore and it is still of poor quality. I have written to Dr.
Schadenberg asking him for alcohol and jars for they certainly cost less at Manila and in that way the
cost of remittance would be very cheap. I should like to know if you want the skeletons of the
mammals mounted or joined. I have also my own collection of seashells of more than 200 species,
already classified and arranged. Do you want it? How much would they give me for it? They are all
shells of the district of Dapitan. Rizal, Dapitan, 24 October 1893 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer *pertains
to Dr. Alex Schadenberg, German
15. 15. 15 • He also sent shells to Dr. A. B. Meyer, Director of the Royal Saxony Ethnographical Institute,
in exchange for much-needed books. Rizal’s Collection of Shells displayed in the Jose Rizal Museum,
Intramuros A part of Jose Rizal’s shell collections while in exile in Dapitan.
16. 16. Dapitan, 20 November 1893 Dr. A. B. Meyer My very esteemed Doctor, By the mail boat of last
month I sent you a box of preserved animals through Dr. Schadenberg at Manila in accordance with
your suggestion. The animals I sent you were the following: Three snakes, talig-bilao (Dupog), 1
sagita volans, 1 sea-horse, 2 scorpions, 2 ascarides, various coleoptera, 1 boa constrictor, 1 iho, 1 Iwo,
1 ataybia, (serpent), 1 kalasagan, 1 tipuso, 1 inagudlog, 1 kabankaban. As their cost is very little and
the remittance of small sums is difficult, I beg you not to bother about it and in exchange just send me
the following works in the Spemann collection at 1 mark a bound volume: 109-110 Aeschylus 113-
 116 Sophocles 164-165 Ossians gedichte 50 Furgenjew (Iwan) Vater and Sohn 64 Furgenjew Rauch
1-3 V Serie Bismarck als Redner Furgenjew (Iwan)Neoland Rnazewsy (T.T.) Der Dichter and die
Welt The complete works of Gogol (in German) Valadimer Korolenko Danilewsky By the mail boat
of last month I sent you a box of preserved animals through Dr. Schadenberg at Manila in accordance
with your suggestion. The animals I sent you were the following: Three snakes, talig-bilao (Dupog), 1
sagita volans, 1 sea-horse, 2 scorpions, 2 ascarides, various coleoptera, 1 boa constrictor, 1 iho, 1 Iwo,
1 ataybia, (serpent), 1 kalasagan, 1 tipuso, 1 inagudlog, 1 kabankaban. Rizal, Dapitan, 20 November
1893 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
17. 17. 17 Rare specimens he sent • A list of rare specimens he sent to Dr. Adolf B. Meyer of Dresden and
Dr. Napoleon M. Kheil of Prague were: 1. A green snake (Deudrophilis) which lives on trees. Dr.
Meyer considered it non- poisonous. 2. A fish known locally as Kumi (Echenesis). This fish clings to
ships. 3. Triburon, a parasitic fish belonging to the seahorse species.
18. 18. 18 Rare specimens he sent 1. 1 Sagita Volons 2. 1Hipocampus 3. 2 Alacranes 4. 2 Ascarides 5. 1
Iho 6. 1Staybia 7. 1 Kalasagan 8. 1 Tipuso 9. 1 Magudlog 10. 1 Hao 11. 1KabanKaban 12. 1 Boa
Constrictora 13. 3 Culebras(Talig-Bilao)(Dupog) 14. Tortuga Karey 15. Milanos 16. Birds of Prey 17.
3Pajaros (Sparrow) 18. Jabali 19. Mariposas 1. 8 Phos Senticosus L. 2. 1 Triton (Persona) anus. L. 3. 4
Ranella Rana. L. 4. 10 Nassa Arcularia L. 5. 4 Nassa (Niotha) Genunulata. 6. 4 Nassa (Niotha)
Verrucosa 7. 25 Nassa (Arcularia) Thersites. 8. 5 Nassa (Alectryon) Monile 9. 2 Nassa (zeuxis)
Taenia. 10. 6 Pyramidella Terebellum. 11. 4 Cancellaria Asperella 12. 2 Cancellaria Crenifera 13. 4
Cancellaria Lamellosa 14. 1 Natica ala-papilionis 15. 1 Natica (neverita) 16. 5 Cerithium Vertagus. L.
17. 1 Cerithium Obeliscus Brug. 18. 2 Potamides Fluvialitis Pot. 19. 1 Potamides Sulcatus Brug. 20. 1
Cassis Areola L. 21. 2 Cassis Pila. Reeve 22. 5 Dolium Variegatum 23. 2 Dentalium 24. 1 Tapes
Textris 25. 1 Anaitis Calophylla.
19. 19. 19 Rizal has shown interest in Ichthyology when he drew sketches of different species of fish
along with a baroto (sailboat).
20. 20. Animals named in honor of Dr. Rizal • During his Dapitan exile, Rizal collected specimens: sea
shells, butterflies, flora, fauna, and other artifacts that he sent to scientists in Europe. Which explains
why Rizal’s name appears in the classification for a winged lizard (dracorizali), a frog or toad
(rachophorusrizali) and a bug or beetle (apogoniarizali).
21. 21. Racophorus Rizali • A rare frog which was sent to Frankfurt was christened Racophorus Rizali
(Harlequin Tree Frog) by the famous German Amphibiologist Proffessor Oskar Boettger in honor of
Rizal, which is a species of a toad once found in the forests of Mindanao.
22. 22. Apogonia Rizali • Another distinguished German zoologist, Dr. Carl. M. Heller, classified a small
beetle belonging to the species coleoptera as Apogonia Rizali, a flying beetle less than an inch, in
1897.
23. 23. Draco Rizali • The third specie, bearing the name Draco Rizali (Philippine Gliding Lizard) named
in 1893 by a biologist named Benno Wandolleck, a flying Dragon, again in honor of the late Dr. Jose
Rizal. [Critically Endangered]
24. 24. Spatholmes Rizali • Some points to reference a fourth specie named after Dr. Jose Rizal, the
Spatholmes Rizali which is a specie of Fungus Beetle.
25. 25. • Dr. Meyer in return sent Rizal surgical instruments, and instrument for measuring the skull and
books written by distinguished men like Gogol, Turgeniew, Danilewsky, Bismark, Sophokles and
Aischylusete.
26. 26. 28 Did you know? • He played a key role in the identification of the Philippine snail that harbors
the parasite that causes schistosomiasis, or snail fever, a deadly disease plaguing some areas in Eastern
Visayas?
27. 27. • The Philippine snail, which carries the parasite that causes schistosomiasis, is known as
Oncomelania Hupensis Quadrasi. This was named after a certain Mr. Cuadrasi, a renowned naturalist
based in Manila, to whom Rizal sent his specimen of insects and animals for identification.
28. 28. Is really Rizal an established Zoologist? • While collecting did not automatically categorize Rizal
as a bona fide botanist or zoologist, his efforts to promote the study of Philippine plants and animals,
though focused only on Dapitan, were acknowledged by European and Filipino scientists.
29. 29. At Dapitan, Rizal showed the importance of valuing life in all its forms and our country’s natural
riches. Neither injustice nor despair could stop him from living a full life that was offered alone to his
country, simultaneously seeking nature’s beauty and his country’s freedom, through her “treasures yet
undiscovered”.
30. 30. • “ My country can offer him treasures yet undiscovered. There are many species still unknown in
zoology and botany, judging by the discoveries that are being made.”
31. 31. • “ My country can offer him treasures yet undiscovered. There are many species still unknown in
zoology and botany, judging by the discoveries that are being made.”
Recommended