MITRC REFRESHER COURSE ANSWER KEY Radiowave Propagation & Antenna

1. __________ is the amount of voltage induced in a wave by an c. Horizontally polarized

electromagnetic wave d. Circularly polarized
a. Receive voltage
b. Magnetic induction 13. What is the effective radiated power of a repeater with 200 W
c. Field strength transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and
d. Power density circulator loss, and 10 dB feedline antenna gain?
a. 2000 W
2. An electromagnetic wave consists of _____ b. 126 W
a. Both electric and magnetic fields c. 317 W
b. An electric field only d. 260 W
c. A magnetic field only
d. Non-magnetic field only 14. In a vacuum the speed of an electromagnetic wave
a. Depends on its constant
3. What is the lowest layer of the ionosphere? b. Depends on its wavelength
a. F1 c. Depends on its electric and magnetic fields
b. F2 d. Is a universal constant
c. E
d. D 15. When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the
earth, what is the polarization of the TEM wave?
4. Who profounded electromagnetic radiation theory? a. Circular
a. Sir Edward Appleton b. Horizontal
b. James Clerk Maxwell c. Vertical
c. Christian Huygens d. Elliptical
d. Sir Isaac Newton
16. A changing magnetic field gives rise to
5. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of a. Sound field
a. Ground waves b. Magnetic field
b. Sky waves c. Electric field
c. Surface waves d. Nothing in particular
d. Space waves
17. The index of refraction of a material medium
6. Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they __________ a. Is greater than 1
a. Pass into a medium of different dielectric constants b. Is less than 1
b. Are polarized at right angles to the direction of propagation c. Is equal to 1
c. Encounter a perfectly conducting surface d. May be any of the above
d. Pass through a small slot in a conducting plane
18. As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the
7. What is the thickest layer of the ionosphere following can happen to them
a. F2 a. Absorption
b. F1 b. Attenuation
c. D c. Refraction
d. E d. Reflection

8. What is the highest frequency that can be sent straight upward 19. Groundwave communications is most effective in what
and be returned to earth? frequency range?
a. MUF a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz
b. Skip frequency b. 3 to 30 MHz
c. Critical frequency c. 30 to 300 MHz
d. Gyro frequency d. Above 300 MHz

9. What is the unit of electric field strength? 20. The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in what
a. Volts per square meter frequency range?
b. Volt per square cm a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz
c. Volts per meter b. 3 to 30 MHz
d. Millivolt per watt c. 30 to 300 MHz
d. Above 300 MHz
10. Velocity of a radiowave in free space
a. 186,000 miles per sec 21. A microwave-transmitting antenna is 550 ft. high. The receiving
b. 300 x 106 meters per sec antenna is 200 ft. high. The minimum transmission distance is
c. 162,000 nautical mile per sec a. 20 mi
d. All of the above b. 33.2 mi
c. 38.7 mi
11. Refers to the direction of the electric field vector in space d. 53.2 mi
a. Polarization
b. Directivity 22. States that power density is inversely proportional to the
c. Radiation distance from its source
d. ERP a. Principal or Reciprocity
b. Inverse Square Law
12. A TEM wave whose polarization rotates c. Huygen’s Principle
a. Vertically polarized d. Faraday’s Law
b. Omnidirectional
1
MITRC REFRESHER COURSE Radiowave Propagation & Antenna

23. What is the primary cause of ionization in the atmosphere?

a. Sun spot 34. In what range of frequencies are most omnidirectional
b. Cosmic rays horizontally polarized antennas used?
c. Galactic disturbance a. VHF, UHF
d. Ultraviolet radiation b. VLF, LF
c. SH, EHF
24. Which layer does not disappear at night? d. MF, HF
a. D 35. What is the gain of the Hertzian dipole over isotropic antenna?
b. E a. 1.64 dB
c. F1 b. 2.15 dB
d. F2 c. 1.76 dB
d. 1.55 dB
25. The shortest distance measured along the earth’s surface that a
skywave is returned to earth 36. _____ is the measurement of a unilateral antenna properties of
a. MUF directivity
b. Quarter-Wavelength a. Phase angle
c. Skip distance b. Antenna gain
d. Skip zone c. Beamwidth
d. Bandwidth
26. What do you call the gigantic emissions of hydrogen from the
sun? 37. _____ is the amount of uncertainly in a system of symbols
a. Solar flares a. Bandwidth
b. SIDs b. Enthalpy
c. Kennely-Heaviside c. Entropy
d. Sun spots d. Quantum

38. If an antenna has a gain of 30 dB, it increases the output of the

27. Two directional antennas are pointed so that their beams transmitter by
intersect in the troposphere a. 10,000 times
a. Skywave b. 1000 times
b. Surface wave c. 100 times
c. Microwave d. 1 million times
d. Troposcatter
39. Which does not use vertical polarization antenna?
28. Super refraction a. AM Broadcasting
a. Ducting b. FM Broadcasting
b. Troposcatter c. Mobile Communications
c. Skywave d. Satellite Communications
d. Space wave
40. Which antenna radiates an omnidirectional pattern in the
29. Two or more antennas are used separated by several horizontal plane with vertical polarization?
wavelengths a. Marconi antenna
a. Space diversity b. Discone antenna
b. Frequency diversity c. Horn antenna
c. Hybrid diversity d. Helical antenna
d. Polarization diversity 41. An antenna with very high gain and very narrow beamwidth
a. Helical antenna
30. Two or more receivers are used using a single antenna b. Discone antenna
a. Space diversity c. Horn antenna
b. Frequency diversity d. Parabolic dish antenna
c. Hybrid diversity
d. Polarization diversity 42. _____ is the horizontal pointing angle of an antenna
a. Azimuth
31. Each point on a spherical waveform maybe a source of a b. Angle of elevation
secondary spherical wavefront c. Right angle
a. Snell’s law d. Beamwidth
b. Huygen’s principle
c. Rayleigh’s principle 43. What is the estimated medium wind loading in the Philippines
d. De Morgan’s theorem for antenna tower design?
a. 300 kph
32. Ducting occurs in which region of the atmosphere? b. 100 kph
a. Stratosphere c. 200 kph
b. Troposphere d. 250 kph
c. Ionosphere 44. _____ is an open-ended slot antenna
d. Ozone layer a. Helical antenna
33. Which ionosphere layer has an average height of 225 km at b. Rhombic antenna
night? c. Notch antenna
a. D layer d. Cassegrain antenna
b. E layer
45. What is the radiation characteristic of a dipole antenna?
c. F1 layer
a. Omnidirectional
d. F2 layer
2
MITRC REFRESHER COURSE ANSWER KEY Radiowave Propagation & Antenna

b. Bidirectional
c. Unidirectional 56. The power fed to a two-bay turnstile antenna is 100 watts. If the
d. Hemispherical antenna has a 2dB power gain, what is the effective radiated
power
46. An antenna with unity gain a. 317 watts
a. Rhombic b. 158 watts
b. Half-wave dipole c. 200 watts
c. Isotropic d. 400 watts
d. Whip
57. If the length of an antenna is changed from 2.5 meters to 2.8
47. An antenna which is one-tenth wavelength long meters, its resonant frequency will
a. Hertzian dipole a. Increase
b. Loop antenna b. Depend on the velocity factor so the resonant frequency
c. Marconi antenna can either be increased or decreased
d. Elementary doublet c. Will be unchanged
d. Decrease
48. What is the minimum number of turns a helix antenna must
have? 58. It is an array of metallic conductors buried beneath the antenna,
a. 3 which is used to improve the conductivity of the natural earth
b. 5 a. Loading coil
c. 4 b. ATU
d. 6 c. Counterpoise
d. Earth mat
49. Which of the following improves antenna directivity?
a. Driven element 59. What is the electrical wavelength of a 500 MHz signal?
b. Reflector element a. 60 centimeters
c. Director element b. 6 meters
d. Parasitic element c. 0.06 meter
d. 60 meters
50. What is the front-to-back ratio of an antenna which radiates 500
watts in a northernly direction and 50 watts in a southernly 60. Actual height of antenna should be at least
direction? a. One wavelength
a. 25000 dB b. Half wavelength
b. 10 dB c. Quarter wavelength
c. 100 dB d. Three-fourth wavelength
d. 20 dB
61. Which antenna is not properly terminated?
51. The frequency of operation of a dipole antenna cut to a length of a. Resonant
3.4 m b. Non-resonant
a. 88 MHz c. Isotropic
b. 44 MHz d. Whip
c. 22 MHz
d. 11 MHz 62. _____ is an antenna array which is highly directional at right
angles to the plane of the array?
52. Shortening effect of an antenna that makes it appear as if it a. Broadside array
were 5% longer b. End-fire array
a. End effect c. Turnstile array
b. Flywheel effect d. Log-periodic array
c. Skin effect
d. Capture effect 63. The directivity pattern of an isotropic radiation is
a. A figure – 8
53. A simple half-wavelength antenna radiates the strongest signal b. A sphere
a. At 45 degrees to its axis c. A unidirectional cardioid
b. Parallel to its axis d. A parabola
c. At right angles to its axis
d. at 60 degrees to its axis 64. The purpose of stacking elements on an antenna
54. If an antenna is too short for the wavelength being used, the a. Sharper directional pattern
effective length can be increased by adding b. Increased gain
a. Capacitance in series c. Improved bandpass
b. Inductance in series d. All of these
c. Resistance in parallel
d. Resistance in series 65. Where are the voltage nodes in a half-wave antenna?
a. At the ends
55. Which of the following antennas is used for testing and adjusting b. Three–quarters of the way from the feed point toward the
a transmitter for proper modulation, amplifier operation and end
frequency accuracy? c. One–half of the way from the feed point toward the end
a. Elementary d. At the feed point
b. Real
c. Isotropic 66. A Hertz antenna is operating on a frequency of 2182 kHz and
d. Dummy consists of a horizontal wire that is hanged between two towers.
What is the frequency of its third harmonic?
3
MITRC REFRESHER COURSE Radiowave Propagation & Antenna

a. 727 kHz 77. In a turnstile antenna, the crossed dipoles are excited with
b. 6545 kHz voltages
c. 436 kHz a. In phase with each other
d. 6.546 kHz b. 360° out of phase with each other
c. 90° out of phase with each other
67. What is the gain of an antenna over a half-wavelength dipole d. 180° out of phase with each other
when it has 6 dB gain over an isotropic radiator?
a. 6.0 dB 78. It is described as the MUF factor
b. 8.1 dB a. sec θ
c. 3.9 dB b. cos θ
d. 10.0 dB c. sin θ
d. csc θ
68. What is the usual electrical length of a driven element in an HF
beam antenna? 79. Known as the technique for adding a series inductor at or near
a. ¼ wavelength the center of an antenna element in order to cancel the
b. ¾ wavelength capacitive reactance of an antenna
c. ½ wavelength a. Dipole
d. 1 wavelength b. Center loading
69. Strong interference from one particular station can be eliminated c. Reflector
by the use of d. Loading coil
a. Noise limiters
b. Squelch circuits 80. At the ends of a half-wave antenna, what values of current and
c. Negative feedback voltage exist compared to the remainder of the antenna?
d. Wave traps in the antenna circuits a. Minimum voltage and minimum current
b. Equal voltage and current
70. Good grounding is important for c. Minimum voltage and maximum current
a. Horizontal antennas d. Maximum voltage and minimum current
b. Broadside array antennas
c. Vertical antennas
d. Yagi-Uda antennas

71. Which of the following antennas is best excited from a

waveguide?
a. Biconical
b. Horn
c. Helical
d. Discone

72. Not a reason for the use of an antenna coupler

a. To make the antenna resistive
b. To provide the output amplifier with the correct load
impedance
c. To discriminate against harmonics
d. To prevent reradiation of the local oscillator

73. Which antenna is not a wideband?

a. Discone
b. Folded dipole
c. Helical
d. Marconi

74. _____ is an antenna made up of a number of full wavelengths

a. Elementary doublet
b. Log-periodic
c. Long wire
d. Whip

75. Which antenna does not use the ground?

a. Marconi
b. Yagi
c. Hertz
d. Rhombic

76. It is a measure of the microwave power radiated from an

antenna as a function of angular direction from the antenna axis
a. Antenna pattern
b. Polarization
c. Beamwidth
d. Sidelobes