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British Standard

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 6100-5.3:
1984

Glossary of

Building and civil


engineering terms —
Part 5: Masonry —
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Section 5.3 Bricks and blocks

UDC 001.4:[624 + 69]


BS 6100-5.3:1984
Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 25 July 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the Basic Data
and Performance Criteria for
Civil Engineering and Building
Structures Standards
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Board of BSI and comes into
effect on
29 February 1984
Amendments issued since publication
© BSI 03-1999

The Committees responsible for


Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
this British Standard are shown
in Part 0 7262 August 1992 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference BDB/3
Draft for comment 82/13935 DC

ISBN 0 580 13717 1


BS 6100-5.3:1984

Contents

Page
Foreword ii
530 1 Masonry units 1
530 2 Bricks 2
530 3 Blocks 3
530 4 Constructions 3
530 5 Activities and tools 4
Index 5
Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 25 July 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

© BSI 03-1999 i
BS 6100-5.3:1984

Foreword

This Section of Part 5 of this British Standard has been prepared under the
direction of the Basic Data and Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and
Building Structures Standards Committee.
A general introduction to and explanation of this glossary is given in Part 0 of this
standard which itemizes the Parts, Sections and Subsections into which this
glossary is divided and provides a general alphabetical index of all the terms in
the Sections and Subsections already published. Those using individual Sections
and Subsections of this glossary are urged to consult Part 0 when doing so.
The other Sections of this Part are as follows:
5.1 Terms common to masonry
5.2 Stone
Terms and definitions referring specifically to refractory bricks are not included
in this Section, nor does it cover brick making in detail. For terms that apply
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equally to bricks and blocks, the term masonry unit has been adopted to avoid
unnecessary repetition and is defined in Section 5.1.
Terms are listed alphabetically in the index and are referred to by numbers which
are found against the term in the body of the Section. There they are arranged in
a classified order, each term having an individual number consisting of seven
digits in two parts, the first of three digits, the second of four. The first three
digits represent the number of the Part, Section and Subsection (in this case, the
third digit is 0 as there is no division into Subsections). The fourth digit
represents the group of terms, the fifth digit represents the subgroup of terms,
and the last two digits represent the place within the subgroup.
Alternative terms are given below the preferred terms with their status
indicated, e.g. “deprecated”. These terms are not individually numbered, but are
included in the index with a reference to the preferred term. Terms of more than
one word, e.g. “frogged brick” are written in a direct style, not as “brick, frogged”.
The inverted term is included in the index with a reference to the direct term.
It has been found necessary to repeat in this Section certain terms from
Section 1.0 “General”. Where this occurs, the definitions of such terms are
preceded by an asterisk (*).
Italicized words indicate terms that are defined elsewhere in this Section.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 6 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 03-1999
BS 6100-5.3:1984

530 1 Masonry units

No. Term Definition

530 1001 special unit Masonry unit with particular physical properties required for a
specific use.
530 1002 shaped unit Special unit the shape of which is other than a parallel faced
rectangular prism.
530 1003 standard shaped unit Shaped unit the form and sizes of which are given in a relevant
British Standard.
NOTE Such bricks are illustrated in BS 4729 “Specification for dimensions of
bricks of special shapes and sizes”.
530 1004 cant unit Shaped unit cut between header and stretcher faces to produce a
chamfer.
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530 1005 plinth unit Shaped unit cut between bed and stretcher and/or header faces
to produce a chamfer.
530 1006 bullnose unit Shaped unit with adjacent faces joined by a wide radius curve.
530 1007 squint Special unit used at an oblique quoin.
530 1008 solid unit Masonry unit with no designed voids.
530 1009 cellular unit Masonry unit in which voids of a stated minimum percentage of
its volume do not pass through the masonry unit.
530 1010 hollow unit Masonry unit in which voids of a stated minimum percentage of
its volume pass through the masonry unit.
530 1011 perforated unit Masonry unit in which voids of a smaller stated percentage of its
volume than in a hollow unit pass through the masonry unit.
530 1012 common unit Masonry unit suitable for general construction work, with no
special claim to give an attractive appearance.
530 1013 facing unit Masonry unit specially made or selected to give an attractive
appearance.
530 1014 split-faced unit Facing unit that has an irregular surface of similar texture to
quarried stone, obtained by splitting a larger masonry unit.
530 1015 lintel unit Shaped unit that, when assembled with others, accommodates
the reinforcement of a lintel.
530 1016 fixing unit Masonry unit made specially to facilitate easy driving of, and
good holding for, nails and screws.
530 1017 header Shorter face of a masonry unit showing on the face of a wall.
530 1018 stretcher Longer face of a masonry unit showing on the face of a wall.
530 1019 closer Portion of a masonry unit used to maintain bond.
530 1020 king closer Closer formed by cutting diagonally to leave a full header at one
end and half a header at the other.
530 1021 queen closer Closer formed by cutting longitudinally to leave half a header at
each end.
530 1022 concrete unit Masonry unit made of concrete.
530 1023 calcium silicate unit Masonry unit formed essentially from a mixture of lime,
siliceous aggregate and water, cured in high pressure steam.
530 1024 sandlime unit Calcium silicate unit of which the aggregate is natural sand.
530 1025 flintlime unit Calcium silicate unit of which part or all the aggregate is
crushed flint.

© BSI 03-1999 1
BS 6100-5.3:1984

No. Term Definition

530 1026 fired-clay unit Masonry unit formed from brick-earth, clay or shale, dried and
burned.
NOTE Fired-clay should not be confused with fireclay, which is used for making
refractory bricks.
530 1027 terra cotta unit Decorative fired-clay unit, fine textured and unglazed, usually
yellow to brownish-red in colour.
530 1028 faience unit Masonry unit, similar to a terra cotta unit, with some surfaces
covered with a clear or coloured glaze.
530 1029 air brick Component with apertures for building into a wall to provide
ventilation through it.

530 2 Bricks
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530 2001 brick Masonry unit that does not exceed 338 mm in length, 225 mm in
width nor 113 mm in height.
530 2002 engineering brick Brick sized fired-clay unit that has a dense and strong
semi-vitreous body, that conforms to defined limits for water
absorption and compressive strength.
530 2003 frog Depression formed in one or both of the largest surfaces of a
brick.
530 2004 frogged brick Brick in which any frogs do not exceed 20 % of the gross volume
of the brick.
530 2005 soft mud process Process of forming bricks from clay with a water content too high
to allow the bricks to be handled or stacked without deformation
immediately after shaping.
530 2006 hand-made brick Brick formed by throwing by hand a clot of soft clay into a
mould.
530 2007 stock brick Brick originally hand-made in the south-east of England, so
called from the timber “stock”, fixed to the bench that forms the
frog.
NOTE 1 Now usually made by soft mud process or other mechanical process.
NOTE 2 Sometimes used to describe bricks held in stock by brickmakers or
merchants.
530 2008 wire-cut brick Brick without frogs shaped by extruding a column of clay
through a die, the column being subsequently cut to the size of a
brick by means of taut wires.
530 2009 rusticated brick Brick finished with a rough texture formed on the face before
drying and firing.
530 2010 rubber Soft clay brick, specially made to be easily ground to accurate
sizes for use in gauged brickwork.
530 2011 bat Portion of a brick, either specially manufactured or cut.
530 2012 snap header Half brick with its uncut end showing as a header on the face of
a wall.
530 2013 brick slip Brick, either specially manufactured or cut, of the same height
brick tile deprecated and length as a header or a stretcher and usually with a
thickness of between 20 mm and 50 mm.
530 2014 brick tile Brick, either specially manufactured or cut, of the same length
and width as the bed face, usually with a thickness of
between 25 mm and 50 mm.

2 © BSI 03-1999
BS 6100-5.3:1984

No. Term Definition

530 2015 damp proof course Fired-clay brick that is used to resist rising damp.
brick

530 3 Blocks

530 3001 block Masonry unit exceeding the size of a brick in any dimension.
a

530 3002 dense concrete block Concrete block of high density, manufactured using natural
aggregate such as ordinary gravel, sand or crushed stone.
530 3003 lightweight concrete Concrete block of low density, manufactured using aeration or
block lightweight aggregate or both.
530 3004 lightweight aggregate Lightweight concrete block manufactured using lightweight
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concrete block aggregate.


530 3005 aerated concrete block Lightweight concrete block manufactured using fine aggregate,
gas concrete block with air or gas mechanically or chemically incorporated.
deprecated
foamed concrete block
deprecated
530 3006 autoclaved aerated Aerated concrete block submitted to high pressure steam curing.
concrete block
530 3007 thermal insulation Block designed to lower thermal conductance.
block
530 3008 foam filled concrete Thermal insulation block that contains preformed voids filled
block with a foamed material.
530 3009 clinker block Lightweight aggregate concrete block made using well burnt
breeze block deprecated clinker as the base aggregate.
530 3010 dry walling block Interlocking block for use without mortar.
530 3011 cavity closer block Block, L-shaped on plan, for closing the cavity at a jamb.
jamb block deprecated
530 3012 quoin block Block, L-shaped on plan, for maintaining bond at a corner.
a
Repeated from Section 1.0.

530 4 Constructions

530 4001 sleeper wall aLow loadbearing wall to provide intermediate support to a
suspended floor at ground level.
530 4002 gauged brickwork Brickwork built to fine tolerances, sometimes using bricks
ground or otherwise produced to accurate sizes.
530 4003 honeycombed wall Wall in which bricks are laid with quarter brick overlaps to
leave half brick gaps between successive bricks in any one
course, frequently a sleeper wall.
530 4004 dog toothing Bricks laid with their corners projecting from the face of a wall.
530 4005 soldier course Course of masonry units set on their ends with their stretcher
faces visible.
530 4006 stretcher bond Arrangement of masonry units in which only stretchers are
visible in a wall.
a Repeated from Section 1.0.

© BSI 03-1999 3
BS 6100-5.3:1984

No. Term Definition

530 4007 English bond Arrangement of masonry units in which alternate courses of
headers and stretchers are visible in a wall.
530 4008 Flemish bond Arrangement of masonry units in which, in each course,
alternate headers and stretchers are visible in a wall.
530 4009 cavity tray Damp proof course that bridges a wall cavity to lead moisture to
cavity gutter deprecated the external face of a wall.

530 5 Activities and tools

530 5001 buttering Placing mortar on a masonry unit.


530 5002 docking Dipping bricks in water shortly before laying to reduce their
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suction rate.
530 5003 brick hammer Light hammer with the head approximately 25 mm long, one
end being a chisel and the other having a flat face.
530 5004 scutch hammer Light hammer similar to a brick hammer, with a head that has
replaceable cutting edges at both ends.
530 5005 bolster Broad faced chisel for cutting masonry units.
530 5006 raker Short metal bar, bent and pointed at one end, used for removing
mortar from a mortar joint.
530 5007 frenchman Improvised tool, usually a bent table knife, used to cut off excess
mortar when pointing.
530 5008 hod Three-sided box, mounted on a pole, used over the shoulder for
carrying masonry units and mortar.

4 © BSI 03-1999
BS 6100-5.3:1984

Index
aerated concrete block 530 3005 closer 530 1019 king closer 530 1020
aerated concrete block, closer, king 530 1020
lightweight aggregate concrete
autoclaved 530 3006 closer, queen 530 1021 block 530 3004
aggregate concrete block, closer block, cavity 530 3011 lightweight concrete
lightweight 530 3004 common unit 530 1012 block 530 3003
air brick 530 1029 concrete block, aerated 530 3005 lintel unit 530 1015
autoclaved aerated concrete concrete block, autoclaved
block 530 3006 aerated 530 3006 mud process, soft 530 2005
bat 530 2011 concrete block, dense 530 3002
perforated unit 530 1011
block 530 3001 concrete block, foam
plinth unit 530 1005
filled 530 3008
block, aerated concrete 530 3005 process, soft mud 530 2005
concrete block, foamed 530 3005
block, autoclaved aerated
concrete 530 3006 concrete block, gas 530 3005 queen closer 530 1021
concrete block,
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block, breeze 530 3009 quoin block 530 3012


lightweight 530 3003
block, cavity closer 530 3011
concrete block, lightweight raker 530 5006
block, clinker 530 3009
aggregate 530 3004 rubber 530 2010
block, dense concrete 530 3002 concrete unit 530 1022 rusticated brick 530 2009
block, dry walling 530 3010 course brick, damp
block, foam filled proof 530 2015 sandlime unit 530 1024
concrete 530 3008 scutch hammer 530 5004
course, soldier 530 4005
block, foamed concrete 530 3005 shaped unit 530 1002
damp proof course brick 530 2015
block, gas concrete 530 3005 dense concrete block 530 3002 shaped unit, standard 530 1003
block, jamb 530 3011 docking 530 5002 sleeper wall 530 4001
block, lightweight aggregate slip, brick 530 2013
dog toothing 530 4004
concrete 530 3004
dry walling block 530 3010 snap header 530 2012
block, lightweight soft mud process 530 2005
concrete 530 3003 engineering brick 530 2002 soldier course 530 4005
block, quoin 530 3012 English bond 530 4007 solid unit 530 1008
block, thermal
insulation 530 3007 facing unit 530 1013 special quality 530 6001
bolster 530 5005 faience unit 530 1028 special unit 530 1001
bond, English 530 4007 filled concrete block, split-faced unit 530 1014
bond, Flemish 530 4008 foamed 530 3008 squint 530 1007
bond, stretcher 530 4006 fired-clay unit 530 1026 standard shaped unit 530 1003
breeze block 530 3009 fixing unit 530 1016 stock brick 530 2007
brick 530 2001 Flemish bond 530 4008 stretcher 530 1018
brick, air 530 1029 flintlime unit 530 1025 stretcher bond 530 4006
brick, damp proof foamed concrete block 530 3005
terra cotta unit 530 1027
course 530 2015 foamed filled concrete
thermal insulation
brick, engineering 530 2002 block 530 3008
block 530 3007
brick, frogged 530 2004 frenchman 530 5007
tile, brick (dep.) 530 2013
brick, hand-made 530 2006 frog 530 2003
tile, brick 530 2014
brick, rusticated 530 2009 frogged brick 530 2004
toothing, dog 530 4004
brick, stock 530 2007 gas concrete block 530 3005 tray, cavity 530 4009
brick, wire-cut 530 2008 gauged brickwork 530 4002
brick hammer 530 5003 unit 530 1001
gutter, cavity 530 4009
brick slip 530 2013 unit, bullnose 530 1006
brick tile 530 2014 hammer, brick 530 5003 unit, calcium silicate 530 1023
brick tile (dep.) 530 2013 hammer, scutch 530 5004 unit, cant 530 1004
brickwork, gauged 530 4002 hand-made brick 530 2006 unit, cellular 530 1009
bullnose unit 530 1006 header 530 1017 unit, common 530 1012
buttering 530 5001 header, snap 530 2012 unit, concrete 530 1022
hod 530 5008 unit, facing 530 1013
calcium silicate unit 530 1023 hollow unit 530 1010 unit, faience 530 1028
cant unit 530 1004 honeycombed wall 530 4003 unit, fired-clay 530 1026
cavity closer block 530 3011 unit, fixing 530 1016
cavity gutter 530 4009 insulation block,
unit, flintlime 530 1025
cavity tray 530 4009 thermal 530 3007
unit, hollow 530 1010
cellular unit 530 1009 jamb block 530 3011 unit, lintel 530 1015
clinker block 530 3009

© BSI 03-1999 5
BS 6100-5.3:1984

unit, perforated 530 1011


unit, plinth 530 1005
unit, sandlime 530 1024
unit, shaped 530 1002
unit, solid 530 1008
unit, special 530 1001
unit, split-faced 530 1014
unit, standard shaped 530 1003
unit, terra cotta 530 1027

wall, honeycombed 530 4003


wall, sleeper 530 4001
walling block, dry 530 3010
wire-cut brick 530 2008
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6 © BSI 03-1999
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