Lesson Plan

Lesson: Heat Energy Change

Aim :

To study the heat energy change.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to :

1. define : enthalpy change of reaction, standard conditions, standard enthalpy change

of formation, standard enthalpy change of combustion and standard enthalpy change
of neutralisation.

2. calculate the standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol using experimental

data.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. exothermic and endothermic reactions.

2. energy level diagrams.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 4

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. • Teacher to demonstrate an exothermic
(Ascertaining prior and an endothermic process (for eg. the
knowledge and neutralisation of an acid by a base and
introducing lesson the dissolution of ammonium chloride in
topic for the day). water).

Teacher to point out lesson objectives for

the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 2 • Courseware

with the students.

• Activity 1 : Enthalpy changes

Students get to investigate how the

enthalpy changes are related to the
energy state of the reactants and the
products.

• Activity 2 : Experimental
determination of enthalpy of
combustion - Ethanol
Students are shown how to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of combustion
of ethanol.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Websites

activities on their own. • Reference
books.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 4

Worksheet answers

1. Entalphy change

1.1 a. The standard enthalpy change of neutralisation is the heat released when one
mole of H+ ions reacts with one mole of OH- ions to form one mole of water
under standard conditions.

b. CH3COOH(aq) + KOH(aq) CH3COOK(aq) + H2O(l)

c. Heat evolved = mc T

= (400 + 100) x 4.2 x (26.5 - 25.2)

= 2.73 x 103 J

= 2.73 kJ

0.20 x 400
d. Number of moles of CH3COOH = = 0.08 mol
1000

0.80 x 100
Number of moles of KOH = = 0.08 mol
1000

heat evolved
e. Hneutralisation =
number of moles

− 273 kJ
=
0.08

= -34.1 kJ mol-1

f. Hneutralisation between a strong acid and a strong base = -57.3 kJ mol-1

g. The heat evolved during the neutralisation between one mole CH3COOH and
KOH is less than 57 kJ. This is because ethanoic acid is a weak acid and
does not ionise completely. In the neutralisation process, a part of the heat is
absorbed to completely ionise CH3COOH. Hence, the heat evolved is less
than the heat evolved during neutralisation between a strong acid and a
strong base which ionise completely.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 4

1.2 a. Standard conditions refer to conditions of temperature of 25 oC
(or 298 K), pressure of 1 atm and concentration of 1 mol dm-3 for solutions.

b. The standard enthalpy change of formation is the heat change that results
when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard
conditions.

1
c. 2C(s) + 3H2(g) + O2(g) C2H5OH(l) Hfo= -276 kJ mol-1
2

2. Experimental determination of enthalpy of combustion – Ethanol

2.1 a. Enthalpy change of atomisation

b. Enthalpy change of combustion
c. Ionisation energy
d. Enthalpy change of formation

2.2 a. The standard enthalpy change of combustion, Hco is the amount of heat
released when one mole of a substance burns completely in excess oxygen
under standard conditions.

b. i. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

ii. C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

iii. C3H6(g) + O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

2.3 Heat absorbed by water = mc T

= 250 x 4.18 x (100 - 28)
= 5240 kJ
= 75.24 kJ

75.24
Number of moles of CH4 = = 0.0845
890

Mass of CH4 = number of moles x relative molecular mass

= 0.0845 x 16
= 1.35 g

2.4 Heat liberated by the combustion of the organic substance

= 10.50 x 2.20 = 23.1 kJ
0.82
Number of moles of the organic substance = = 0.0137
60
23.1 kJ
Hco =
0.0137 mol
= 1686.1 kJ mol-1
= 1700 kJ mol-1

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