ARMY

The Magazine of the Association of the United States Army

October 2017 www.ausa.org $20.00

Green Book 2017-18
 ARMY The Magazine of the Association of the United States Army
October 2017 www.ausa.org Vol. 67, No. 10

Be Prepared
4 When Called 22
Sgt. Maj. of the
Army Daniel A.
Dailey has a simple
message for soldiers
as the Army returns
to full-spectrum
operations requiring
self-sustainment on
the battlefield: Be
deployable, be good at
The Great War Echoes Today
what you do and stay
By Gen. Carter F. Ham, U.S. Army retired
ready to do it. Page 22
President and CEO, Association of the U.S. Army 22
Although the world has changed, for better and for worse, in
the century since World War I, the nation and the Army face
questions similar to what was faced before, during and after the
Great War. Page 4

McCarthy Gets Tough

on Army’s Priorities
By Rick Maze, Talent Quest
Editor-in-Chief The U.S. Army Reserve’s
Today’s Army is certainly priorities are ready
lethal, as it has shown formations that can
in 16 years of fighting deploy quickly, new
in Iraq and Afghanistan, capabilities in emerging
but while the service has technologies, and
been concentrating on finding and retaining
counterinsurgency and talented soldiers,
counterterrorism missions, according to Reserve
other armies around the Chief Lt. Gen. Charles D.
30
world have been studying Luckey. Page 30
10
the U.S. Page 10
38
16

The Way Forward

By Gina Cavallaro,
Senior Staff Writer
Gen. Mark A. Milley
marks his third year
as chief of staff of
the U.S. Army with a
continued warning
that the world’s most Army National Guard 4.0
powerful land force A shift is underway in the Army National Guard that will change
needs to change. the way units of citizen-soldiers train, mobilize and deploy,
Page 16 Guard Director Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy says. Page 38

October 2017 ■ ARMY 1

Gen. Carter F. Ham, USA Ret.
President and CEO, AUSA
46 The Change Imperative
Lt. Gen. Guy C. Swan III, USA Ret. By Gen. David G. Perkins
Vice President, Education, AUSA The Army’s chief Multi-
Domain Battle advocate
Rick Maze Editor-in-Chief updates the progress on
Liz Rathbun Managing Editor the concept, noting when
organizations don’t change
Joe Broderick Art Director
in the face of new realities,
Gina Cavallaro Senior Staff Writer
there is often a heavy price
Christopher Wright Production Artist
to pay. Page 46
Kevin Kaley Assistant Managing Editor
Tom Spincic Assistant Editor Gary Sinise Awarded AUSA’s Marshall Medal
Gary Sinise, an actor, director and musician who has
54
Contributing Editors
Gen. Frederick J. Kroesen, USA Ret.; dedicated himself for four decades to helping service
Lt. Gen. James M. Dubik, USA Ret.; members, veterans, first responders and their families,
Lt. Gen. Daniel P. Bolger, USA Ret.; is the 2017 recipient of AUSA’s George Catlett Marshall
and Brig. Gen. John S. Brown, USA Ret. Medal. Page 54
Contributing Writers
National Army Museum Opening in 2019
Scott R. Gourley and Rebecca Alwine
When the National Museum of the United States Army
Desiree Hurlocker opens in 2019, it will be the first time in the Army’s
Advertising Production and history that soldiers past, present and future have a
Fulfillment Manager common place to share their history, read their stories
and honor their fallen. Page 62
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62
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2 ARMY ■ October 2017

 The Great War
Echoes Today
Army Faces Similar Challenges a Century Later
By Gen. Carter F. Ham, U.S. Army retired
President and CEO, Association of the U.S. Army

1917. 
America was challenged to expand, train and deploy its Army to fight in Eu-
rope in what was hoped to be the first and last world war. The American Army of
1917 was small, ill-equipped and not adequately trained for the character of the
war it was about to enter. That might sound familiar to those following today’s U.S. Army.
The situation wasn’t simple when the U.S. entered the war alongside multinational partners to fight
Germany. It also isn’t simple today with preparations for what strategists see as a complex, multidomain
battlefield.
Before World War I, the Army had 121,797 enlisted soldiers and 5,791 officers. It had few trucks, few
heavy machine guns, little artillery, no tanks and few training areas of the size and scale required. The
Army was more suited to frontier and constabulary duties than it was for the industrial-scale battle be-
tween large armies it would encounter in Western Europe. The strict neutrality policy adopted by the U.S.
three years earlier was part of the reason why the nation was unprepared in so many ways.
Most Americans rallied after reports of atrocities grew, especially the deaths of 128 Americans when a
German U-boat sank the Lusitania, a British passenger liner, and after President Woodrow Wilson per-
suaded Congress and the American public that the U.S. could not stand by and do nothing. “The challenge
is to all mankind,” Wilson said. “Each nation must decide for itself how it will meet it. The choice we make
for ourselves must be made with a moderation of counsel and a temperateness of judgment befitting our
character and our motives as a nation.”

Birth of the Draft

The U.S. mobilized, albeit slowly at first. When too few volunteers stepped forward, the Selective Ser-
vice Act of 1917 was enacted, resulting in 24 million men registering for possible military service, 4.7 mil-
lion of whom ultimately served in uniform. Some 1.4 million Americans deployed to Europe for combat
operations. The entire National Guard also was drafted as part of the war mobilization.
To supply the Army with food, clothing, guns and ammunition, the War Industries Board was created
to coordinate industrial production and allocate raw materials.
To house the fresh troops, Army camps sprang up across the country in places like Camp McClellan,
Ala., Camp Funston, Kan., and Camp A.A. Humphreys, Va. Those locations are now Fort McClellan,
Fort Riley and Fort Belvoir.

4 ARMY ■ October 2017

Library of Congress

U.S. artillerymen operate a howitzer against German defenses during World War I.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 5

 American cavalry
soldiers pause while
shuttling supplies
in France during
World War I.
To organize the soldiers, the Army created 41 divisions, 13 of
which remain intact today, including the 1st Infantry Division,
the oldest continuously active component of the Regular Army.
To equip the Army, American industry transformed, adopt-
ing new mass production methods but also heavily depending
on allies for essential materiel such as helmets, gas masks and
artillery at the beginning of U.S. involvement.
By the summer of 1918, about 2 million U.S. soldiers had ar-
rived on French soil and another 2 million had been drafted for
jobs at home. American troops arrived at a rate of about 10,000
a day as the U.S. Army played an important role in the final
Allied offensive that pushed the German Army out of France.
The Great War ended with more than 116,000 U.S. military
deaths, including more than 53,000 in combat, and with more
than 204,000 wounded.
The war ended with great respect for the U.S. and the U.S.
Army from European allies, and with deep questions about
the American role and responsibility in the world.
Those same questions face us today. Although the world has
changed, for better and for worse, in the century since World
War I, the nation and the Army face questions similar to what
was faced before, during and after the Great War. How do
we make the Army ready? How do we keep it manned and
equipped? What is our place in the world?
This is what makes the theme for the Association of the U.S.
Army’s 2017 Annual Meeting and Exposition so relevant. It is
“Building Readiness: America’s Army from the Great War to
Multi-Domain Battle.”
Intelligent Growth
We are growing a bigger Army today, and need to do it
wisely. The growth we plan is much smaller than the rapid
expansion of 1917, so we don’t need a draft, but we do need
to widen the pool of recruits. There are positive aspects to the
fact that the Army is a family business with generations of
relatives having served. Seventy-seven percent of new recruits
6 ARMY ■ October 2017
Library of Congress
have a family member who has served in the military, and for
58 percent of recruits that is a family member who served or
is serving in the Army. This is an extraordinarily strong per-
centage of brand loyalty, a sign that many patriotic American
families see the Army and service to the nation as a calling.
Drawing again and again from the same family pool for
generations of soldiers perpetuates one problem, though: the
cultural divide between the Army and the nation it serves.
This divide can lead to soldiers holding an elevated position
of honor in society but also make them seem like outsiders to
the many Americans who don’t know anyone who has served
in recent conflicts and cannot fathom the professionalism and
sacrifice required by those who serve.
One of the core missions of AUSA is helping to bridge the
gap between the Army and the general public, a priority for
our national staff and our 121 chapters.
Addressing Modernization
Materially, the Army is better off today than it was at the
start of World War I, but it has large and expanding needs,
some of them immediate.
Fiscal constraints and concentration on operations in Iraq
and Afghanistan have left the Army far behind on moderniza-
tion. Resources that are available have been dedicated to impor-
tant incremental upgrades in existing weapons and equipment.
Risk will increase if the Army is forced to continue mortgag-
ing the future as potential adversaries pursue leap-ahead ad-
vances in their warfighting capabilities. The Army must start
addressing its top modernization priorities while also divesting
equipment and systems that no longer meet the demands of an
increasingly complex battlefield. Failure to do so will erode the
tactical and technical advantage American soldiers have held
over adversaries, real and potential, for generations.
It will take money to make this happen. Even with support
from Congress to increase modernization spending, buying
power for Army modernization is about 50 percent lower to-
 day than it was in 2009, while the threats facing the U.S. have
become more complex and the overmatch of Army weaponry
and technology has eroded. Left inadequately addressed, this
situation will only worsen.
A problem in World War I that remains a problem today is
moving our troops overseas. Getting the American Expedition-
ary Forces to Europe in 1917 and 1918 required chartering U.S.
flagged ships, using seized German vessels and getting help
from allies. For example, the fastest passenger liner in the world
at the time, the Kaiser Wilhelm II, was seized by the U.S. at a
pier in New Jersey, renamed the USS Agamemnon and used to
transport troops to the war, and back home after it ended.
Transport is a critical issue today. The global presence of
the U.S. military greatly expanded through the end of the
Cold War and now has declined with fewer forward-deployed
forces worldwide. A lack of sufficient airlift and sealift in the
current force could lengthen future conflicts and potentially
increase U.S. casualties.
Uncertainty, something that faced the Army in the buildup
to World War I, continues to undermine national security. The
character of future wars is precisely unknowable, leaving some
unpredictability in Army plans, but Army planning and pro-
grams are disrupted by the fixable problem of the chaotic federal
budget process that more often than not leaves the Army not
knowing how much money it has to spend at the beginning
of a fiscal year. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis made it clear in
August that not having a regular defense budget hurts. Having
temporary funding “creates unpredictability,” he said. “It makes
us rigid. We cannot deal with new and revealing threats.”
Taking Care of the Workforce
Constant battles over funding and talk about reform can be
cause for concern among those whose lives are focused on na-
tional security.
There is talk, for example, about saving money through in-
creased efficiency efforts, always a good idea. But talk of re-
DoD/Spc. Ariel Solomon
4th Infantry Division soldiers fire a howitzer in Afghanistan.
8 ARMY ■ October 2017
form and reorganization fuels anxiety in the workforce, espe-
cially in the Army’s talented and dedicated civilian workforce.
AUSA is all for improved effectiveness and efficiency within
the military and defense industry, but we are also concerned
about taking care of the civilian workforce and providing its
members with stable, predictable careers. As part of the fiscal
2019 budget, the Defense Department is considering a pro-
posal to eliminate, restructure and merge programs to better
manage the workforce and dramatically improve operations.
This is expected to produce savings, and those savings could
come from some lost jobs.
If restructuring and job elimination must happen, we believe
it must be done fairly to protect hardworking and dedicated
members of the Army. It also needs to be done quickly so the
threat of layoffs doesn’t hang over the workforce for many years.
The Army is doing so many things right. The Army has made
modest but still crucial improvements in equipment and weapons
during an extended lull in major procurement. These include up-
grading fire control, maneuverability and survivability of Abrams
tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles, increasing the munitions
stockpile, and replacing engines on Black Hawk and Apache
helicopters. These incremental improvements are buying time.
However, in 2019 and beyond, the Army will need additional
money to pay for the added troops, including their wages, sup-
port, equipment and training. It also will need money to address
the well-defined capability gaps with potential adversaries and to
equip itself for the missions laid out in the Multi-Domain Battle
strategy for which the Army will need some additional muscle.
As the Army faces these challenges, it must remain focused
on providing stability for soldiers, their families and the ci-
vilian workforce, plus military communities and the defense
industry. Your association remains ready to face these chal-
lenges. But we need your help. If you are an AUSA mem-
ber—thank you. We need you now more than ever. If you are
not yet an AUSA member, join us. We’re AUSA and we’re
on the march! ✭
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 Acting Secretary of the Army
U.S. Army/Sgt. Alicia Brand

10 ARMY ■ October 2017

McCarthy Gets Tough
On Army’s Priorities
Readiness, Lethality, Ruthless Prioritization Required

By Rick Maze, Editor-in-Chief

R yan D. McCarthy has a three-word mantra to remind him and those around him of his mission:
readiness and lethality.
An Afghanistan War veteran, McCarthy was picked by the Trump administration to be the Army’s
chief management officer and overseer of everything from reform to weapons-buying, administrative pro-
cesses to force structure. He was unanimously confirmed and appointed as the 33rd undersecretary of the
Army on Aug. 1 and sworn in and named acting secretary of the Army on Aug. 3 while awaiting Senate
confirmation of Raytheon Co. executive Mark Esper for the top post.
In an interview, he talked of being “ruthless with prioritization” to spend money wisely, of having more
input from warfighters when developing weapons and equipment, and of his biggest assignment: helping
convince Congress and the American people that the Army is worth their investment.
Readiness, a word he concedes has “a lot of flavors” in the Army, to him means having the ability to
“put soldiers on a plane to immediately address a priority” and “readiness to fight tomorrow.” Army Chief
of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley “deserves tremendous credit for arresting the decline” in readiness, he said,
but added there is still much to do.
Today’s Army is certainly lethal, as it has shown in 16 years of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, but
while the Army has been concentrating on counterinsurgency and counterterrorism missions, other armies
around the world have been studying the U.S. “Near-peer competitors have studied this, and they have
made investments, very surgical investments, for overmatch capabilities,” McCarthy said. “Clearly the
world has caught up with us.”
The Army needs to make its own investments in advanced weaponry and technology to have the upper
hand, he said. “Modernization is the tool to be more lethal on the battlefield.”

Learning From Warfighters

It is important to have input from warfighters when planning weapons and equipment improvements,
McCarthy said. “Lessons learned on the battlefield are how we have developed many of the systems you
see today,” he said, citing MRAP vehicles and the family of unmanned aerial vehicles.
“We do learn a lot from the field,” McCarthy said. “We have the most seasoned combat leaders in the
history of the Army.”

October 2017 ■ ARMY 11

U.S. Air Force/Tech. Sgt. Katie Gar Ward

Acting Secretary of the Army Ryan D. McCarthy, left, is briefed by Gen. David G. Perkins, commander of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command,
at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Va.; below: Raymond T. Horoho, acting assistant secretary of the Army for manpower and reserve affairs, swears in Mc-
Carthy as the 33rd undersecretary of the Army.

Making the Army readier and more lethal is “very difficult to

do with the compressed fiscal environment,” he said. “Clearly
America has tremendous fiscal challenges that are bigger than
the Department of Defense,” he said, but the Army needs help.
One of the dragons to be slayed on the path to helping
the Army is the chaotic federal budget process that has left
the service not just underfunded but also unclear how much
money it has to work with in the short and long terms.
His part in paving over the fiscal quicksand is helping the
Army tell its story, and doing so by having easily understandable
quantitative data that shows what the Army needs, how much
it costs and how the money will be wisely and efficiently spent.
“You cannot defend America on a budget. You defend it on a
strategy,” he said. A revised national security strategy being de-
veloped by Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis will help provide the
basis for funding. “There is work to be done,” McCarthy said.
Getting more money to further improve readiness may de-
pend on the ability to show how the Army stopped the decline
and documenting improvements, he said, suggesting a mea-
surement that would show, for example, how soldiers perform
better after several cycles of platoon-level live-fire exercises.
“In large measure, you’re trying to show the Congress you
need thousands of repetitions to master a skill set,” he said.
U.S. Army/Sgt. Alicia Brand

“That’s physics and that’s money.”

‘Simplify the Process’

Acquisition reform is a process that does not rest squarely
on McCarthy’s shoulders because it is a defensewide matter
with a lot of congressional attention, but he does have a part

12 ARMY ■ October 2017

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capability. More powerful than ever and featuring advanced flight controls and a fully integrated digital cockpit,
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So whether the mission is transport of troops and equipment, special ops, search and rescue, or delivering
disaster relief, there’s only one that does it all. Only Chinook.
as the chief management officer for the Army. The goal, he
said, is “how to simplify the process, organize differently and
change the culture so we can develop weapons systems faster
and put them into the hands of warfighters sooner.” It is also
important to “keep the weapons systems relevant for years to
come” by making technological improvements.
McCarthy, who has previous experience in the defense indus-
try, on congressional staff and as an aide to former Defense Sec-
retary Robert Gates, said he knows there have been many failed
attempts at acquisition reform but holds out hope for success.
“Warfighters have to have a much greater role in require-
ments,” he said, citing former senior military leaders who
used their position and stars to help shape weapons deci-
sions. “There has to be clear interpretation and definition of
requirements, and that is a warfighter task.” Having warfight-
ers involved gives clear definition to the capabilities sought,
preventing confusion and expensive adjustments further down
the development path, he said.
Greatest Honor
Working for Gates was a different type of job than being a
senior leader. “It is the greatest honor of my life to be in this
position,” McCarthy said.
McCarthy was a warrior during the U.S. invasion of Af-
ghanistan, a young special operations liaison officer with the
3rd Ranger Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment, who was a
Acting Secretary of the Army Ryan D. McCarthy, in tie, is briefed by Gen. Gus Perna, right, commander of the U.S. Army Materiel Command, at AMC
headquarters at Redstone Arsenal, Ala.
14 ARMY ■ October 2017
month from getting out of the Army when the 9/11 terrorist
attacks happened.
“Sept. 11 fundamentally altered the trajectory of my life,” he
said. “I had former colleagues that wound up killed in action.”
His college roommate was killed in Iraq.
Since coming to the Pentagon in his new role and visiting
commands, he’s given a lot of thought to people he’s served
with and his experiences. He was single when he deployed, but
he has met with spouses. “They need to know with certainty
how we are supporting them,” he said. “It is a fundamental
responsibility for me.”
The first thing he looks at when visiting a command is the
culture, he said. “I look at people’s moods, how they are do-
ing.” Much of his time is spent talking with senior leaders fo-
cusing on command responsibilities and priorities, but “I like
to get out and talk to soldiers within a command and see how I
can make their life a little better.” That is a lesson he said came
from working with Gates, who was known for spending time
talking with troops.
“There are a million people and their families depending on
you,” McCarthy said of the responsibility. “It is humbling, but
it burns white-hot inside of you to move the needle to do some-
thing,” he said, pledging to continue meeting with soldiers and
families as often as possible. “It will help me recharge the bat-
teries when I get out there and see soldiers in the field.” ✭
Senior staff writer Gina Cavallaro contributed to this article.
U.S. Army/Sgt. 1st Class Teddy Wade
 Army National Guard/Sgt. 1st Class Jim Greenhill

16
ARMY ■ October 2017
Chief of Staff of the Army
The Way Forward
Bringing Change to the World’s Most Powerful Land Force

By Gina Cavallaro, Senior Staff Writer

G
en. Mark A. Milley marks his third year as chief of staff of the U.S. Army with a continued
warning that the world’s most powerful land force needs to change. The global situation facing
the U.S. and its allies is fraught with more risk today than at any time since World War II, he
says. While he does not suggest that war is inevitable, he wants America’s Army to be prepared
for what could be fierce fighting on a future battlefield.
It is a tough message but one he says is extremely important.
The graduate of Princeton and Columbia universities is a student of history, with a deep understanding
of the global players that might pose a threat to U.S. interests, the fundamental changes underway in the
world order, and how the Army should respond.
As the Army’s top officer, Milley is charged with current readiness while simultaneously laying the foun-
dation for a future, modern, lethal force. It must be able to respond today, if needed, while also preparing
itself for wars 20 years down the road. The way ahead, he says, is significantly more complex than what the
Army has trained for since 9/11. He also cautions that preparations for war will no longer be defined by a
predictable patch chart and a cookie-cutter train-up for a fight against a known enemy in familiar territory.
“For me the question is, readiness for what?” Milley said in an interview, suggesting soldiers must stay
ready to fight today’s war against terrorists while at the same time being prepared for a conflict on a much
larger scale. “The chief of staff of the Army has to figure out the future fight, what the tasks will be, the needs
and conditions,” he said. “No one’s going to get it right, but we need to be less wrong than the enemy.”
In the current strategic environment, competitors such as Russia and China are asserting their military
and economic prowess on the international stage in increasingly aggressive ways, while the U.S. military is
also confronting regional threats from troubling adversaries like North Korea, Iran, and nonstate terrorists
who wage violence around the world to advance their ideologies, he said.

Global Balance Challenged

At a well-attended speech this summer at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., Milley said the
post-World War II world order where the U.S. had a central leadership position “is under intense stress
today from revolutionaries and terrorists and guerillas who don’t like the rules of the road that were written
and want to revise those rules of the road.” This challenges a global balance set seven decades ago, a balance
that “prevented a great-power war similar to what occurred in the first half of the last century,” Milley said.
A potential war with North Korea “would be horrific” and “tragic on an unbelievable scale” with im-
mense levels of violence, Milley told a Senate committee. He has branded North Korea as a rogue state,
and said it represents the “single most dangerous threat facing the international community.” Milley rec-
ognizes the importance of diplomatic efforts but has warned that time is running out.
Readiness for today’s fight and into the next five to six years will be achieved with legacy equipment that’s
been upgraded over the past 20 years, Milley said in the interview. Equipment modernization, such as devel-

October 2017 ■ ARMY 17

U.S. Army/Sgt. 1st Class Chuck Burden
Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley talks with soldiers at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, Calif.
opment of a new tank, takes time and has been held back in part
by a lack of regular funding. The last significant modernization
took place in the 1980s when the Army rolled out what Mil-
ley called the Big Five: the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the M1
Abrams tank, the UH-60 Black Hawk and AH-64 Apache he-
licopters, and the Patriot Missile System. Production and field-
ing of these systems, all of which continue to be the workhorses
of the Army, had a long lead time, and any future modernization
initiatives will also take decades.
“We have to do the legwork and set the foundation for orga-
nizational equipment and doctrine that would become real in
10 to 20 years,” Milley said. “Each chief of staff has incremen-
tally improved each of those Big Five systems,” he said, point-
ing to Abrams tank upgrades over the years that have improved
its electrical system, powertrain, suspension, transmission, pri-
mary and secondary guns, speed and fuel capacity. “The M1 of
today is not the same as the one rolled out in 1980.”
Full, Predictable Funding Needed
None of this will be possible, however, without full and pre-
dictable funding from Congress.
With the Army being the largest piece of the U.S. mili-
tary’s joint global force, Milley said as of mid-2017 there were
180,000 soldiers committed in some 140 countries from the
Army’s Regular, Reserve and National Guard components.
While most of those engaged in combat are in Iraq, Afghani-
18 ARMY ■ October 2017
stan and Syria, soldiers elsewhere are engaged in tasks that
contribute to maintaining the stability around the world that’s
based on the system of rules established seven decades ago.
“That’s 20 percent or so of the Army as a whole,” he said, “but
40 percent of the Regular Army who shoulder the majority of
that demand. Those are steady-state operations today, without
a major, regional conflict.”
“Based on the tasks that are required, I believe we need a
larger Army,” he said, offering the views of his fellow ser-
vice chiefs who “also think the same” of their forces. “It’s
not some arbitrary number. We’ve done the analysis, and we
think we need to be bigger. And we need to be stronger and
more capable.”
Much of Milley’s vision for Army modernization and the
way forward in the future of conflict, he said, will depend on
the outcome of a broad strategic review directed by Defense
Secretary Jim Mattis, a report with input from each of the ser-
vices that is expected to be completed later this year.
However, there is certainty in Milley’s mind that future
wars will be fought door to door in cities. He predicts that by
midcentury most of the world’s population will have gravitated
toward high-density urban areas, and Mosul in Iraq offers a
preview to the future operating environment.
Such a scenario would significantly impact things like the
size of the Army, command and control, movement through
streets, and weapons systems. “What’s the optimal width of a
 vehicle? At what angles should vehicle-mounted guns elevate?
What are the limitations of radio communications? What’s the
explosive power of rockets fired, and the effects of the back
blast? What are the impacts on the required skills and attributes
of our leaders, on our tactics and doctrine?” he questioned. “The
Army is optimized to fight in the open country of Northern
Europe or the deserts of the Middle East. All of those variables
adjust when the terrain shifts to highly dense urban areas. This
requires significant and fundamental change to our Army.”
The continuing, rapid emergence of and technological change
in robotics, artificial intelligence and unmanned vehicles in the
commercial sector and in some battlefield settings have ush-
ered in a new complexity in each domain. Eventually, Milley
predicted, “we will see the introduction of wide-scale robotics
in ground combat.”
Taking Care of Families
Unit formations are maintaining readiness for any contin-
gency, and for Milley that means making sure soldiers are se-
cure in knowing their families are taken care of. While the
Navy and Air Force are “platform-centered,” he said, people
are the centerpiece of the Army, more so now than ever before.
“In World War II, only 10 percent of soldiers were married
and the average age was 19 to 20. Today, the Army is 15 per-
cent female, 60 percent married, with one or two children, and
U.S. Army/Sgt. Jamill Ford
Soldiers participating in an exercise in Romania brief Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley, second from right, on their progress.
20 ARMY ■ October 2017
the average age is 23,” Milley said. “For most normal humans,
the highest priority is kids.”
Taking care of soldiers’ families is basic common sense for
Milley, a leader who recognizes that “priorities today are differ-
ent. If you want soldiers to stay laser-focused on their military
task, which is move, shoot and communicate, then we need to
reassure them that their personal priority is taken care of.”
Milley also intends to tackle the pool of nondeployable sol-
diers, those who are unable to deploy due to a variety of rea-
sons, mostly medical. Across all three components, he said, a
division’s worth of soldiers is not deployable. Many are “hard
down, they’re not going to recover, they have to be moved out
and into the veteran system,” Milley said.
Another set of soldiers is down for the count temporarily,
those who can’t deploy within 30 days due to injuries that oc-
cur in a line of work that sees a regular rate of physical injury.
“We can do better at both prevention and recovery,” Milley
said. There is room for improvement in reducing the wide pool
of nondeployable soldiers, he added.
“We have an existing Army, consisting of the Regular
Army, the National Guard, the U.S. Army Reserve, and I have
an obligation to the president, to Congress, to the American
people to make sure that this force is at a level of readiness
that can deliver options for the president to use in the event of
conflict,” he said in an Army article. ✭
 Sergeant Major of the Army
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Chuck Burden

22 ARMY ■ October 2017

Be Prepared
When Called
Soldiers Must Train Hard, Get Educated, Stay Ready

By Gina Cavallaro, Senior Staff Writer

S gt. Maj. of the Army Daniel A. Dailey has a simple message for soldiers as the Army returns to
full-spectrum operations requiring self-sustainment on the battlefield: Be deployable, be good at
what you do and stay ready to do it.
Dailey, the 15th sergeant major of the Army, joins Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley in making
readiness the Army’s top priority. For Dailey, this means beating the drum for an Army in which soldiers
adhere to standards and are highly disciplined top performers.
“It’s not that we haven’t been focused on [readiness] but we’ve been focused on a different fight, the
counterinsurgency fight and what it was to drive success in the Middle East,” Dailey said. “The Army is a
much bigger component than just that to the Defense Department, and we have to be prepared to fight
and win our nation’s wars if called to do so.”
Counterinsurgency remains valuable, Dailey said, but soldiers face a world where they’ll need different
skills for different threats and they’ll operate in new locations. They will rely on small-unit leaders—in-
cluding squad leaders—to carry out a commander’s intent and mission orders.
When he considers the missions that U.S. soldiers face, and the sustained training and education it takes
to keep them ready for anything, Dailey recalls his mother’s words to him as a young boy. “Honey,” he
remembers her saying, “you don’t have to be good at everything, but it helps.”
Dailey promotes standards that prepare soldiers to operate on any battlefield, such as prioritizing
physical fitness, improving training and education, and having the best equipment. He also wants the
Army to retain only the highest-quality soldiers and to make certain they are physically and mentally
ready to deploy.
“Let’s get back to what we’re for, and that’s fighting and winning our nation’s wars,” Dailey said.
“That’s why the chief of staff’s No. 1 priority is so critical. If we do anything else or nothing else, we need
to be ready.”

Bedrock of Readiness
Dailey believes it is the “sacred” obligation of every soldier to spend the first two waking hours of every
day on physical fitness. Physical training, he believes, is the core to creating a culture of preparing soldiers
for the rigors of combat through unit cohesion, personal achievement, and mental and emotional resiliency.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 23

 Sgt. Maj. of the Army Daniel A. Dailey,
left, joins Command Sgt. Maj. James K.
Sims for a run at Redstone Arsenal, Ala.
When soldiers are challenged to achieve a physical best, he
said, bonds are built, happiness and misery are shared, and the
organization is strengthened. A zealous proponent of the “let’s
get back to nothing happens before 9 o’clock except physical
fitness” culture, Dailey called it “critically important, not just
at the soldier level, but at the leader level because soldiers re-
spect what leaders do.”
Physical fitness will still be measured with the Army Physi-
cal Fitness Test (APFT), he said, because it gauges a general
level of fitness with consideration for the physiological dif-
ferences by age and gender. But there will soon be a gender-
neutral operational fitness test that measures the operational
force by MOS.
“It’s different from the APFT because it’s specific to your
job,” Dailey said. A pilot of the readiness test developed by
the U.S. Army Forces Command and the U.S. Army Train-
ing and Doctrine Command was conducted over the summer.
To enhance that culture of readiness at the very start of an
enlisted soldier’s career, a new method of assessing physical
fitness was launched in January that determines a recruit’s
physical suitability for his or her chosen MOS.
Called OPAT, for Occupational Physical Assessment Test,
24 ARMY ■ October 2017
U.S. Army/Sgt. 1st Class Michael Zuk
it matches soldiers to jobs before they ship to basic training.
Less than a year into implementation, the results look “excel-
lent,” Dailey said.
“We don’t have long-term data yet, but the short-term data
proves that it’s going to drop attrition,” he suggested, adding
that, in combination with lower injury rates in basic training
due to smarter delivery of physical exercise, the test will help
lower early attrition rates by more accurately identifying the
physical potential of a recruit to serve in a certain MOS.
OPAT measures strength, agility and endurance. It is a
product of Training and Doctrine Command’s Soldier 2020
study addressing the integration of women into previously
closed combat MOSs. The Army wanted a nongender-based
metric to gauge soldiers on their physical potential to serve in
any MOS, Dailey said. Before OPAT, recruits had only to
prove they could do a minute of pushups, a minute of situps
and a 1-mile run, known as the 1-1-1 assessment. As long as
they could pull that off, pass the medical standard and score
well on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, they
could enlist for any MOS available to them, he said.
New recruits are assessed in four tests for upper and lower
body strength and power and aerobic fitness, including jumps,
 throws, lifts and runs. Recognizing that some MOSs are more
physically demanding than others, Dailey referred to the job
of truck driver as one that would surprise people for its physi-
cal requirements, and to that of an artilleryman as another
MOS that demands physical strength and stamina.
“The average weight of an artillery round is about 75 pounds
and it has to move a couple of feet to get inside the gun and
you have to carry it from ammo storage to that gun,” he said.
“It’s a big shell and it doesn’t care if you’re a man or a woman,
thin or heavy. It doesn’t care, it weighs 75 pounds.”
Putting recruits through the rigors of OPAT starts them
on a path to physical fitness and creates a baseline for the cul-
ture of physical readiness, but is only the beginning of Dailey’s
multipronged strategy to indoctrinate a deeper culture of non-
negotiable standards that guarantee readiness.
Sustaining the Best Force
The single biggest cause of nondeployability—soldiers who
cannot deploy with their unit—is failure to keep medical ap-
pointments. It is that simple, Dailey said, and can be solved.
For Dailey, this is a discipline problem easily solved with a
focused chain of command that leads by example with com-
pletion of their own required screenings, and ensures that sol-
diers get to their appointments and follow-ups.
“Just get them to the appointment, and they’re ready to go,”
Dailey said.
U.S. Army/Sean Kimmons
Soldiers speak with Sgt. Maj. of the Army Daniel A. Dailey, center, at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, Calif.
26 ARMY ■ October 2017
The smaller category of nondeployables is what Dailey calls the
“temporarily injured people,” those who are healing and recover-
ing from injuries sustained by the nature of what soldiers do.
“The Army is very rigorous physically and people get hurt in
everything from PT to combat,” he said. “It’s just the rigors of
what we do on a daily basis.”
Fixing readiness in the pool of nondeployable soldiers in
either category, he said, requires maximizing the ability of the
Army medical system to get the appointments and follow-
ups soldiers need, getting the chain of command and physi-
cians to agree on treatment plans, and adhering to the recom-
mended treatment.
At some point a tough call must be made to begin separat-
ing a soldier through the medical evaluation process if they
cannot meet readiness standards, Dailey said.
“We have to make those tough decisions. It’s our responsi-
bility to the American people that we have physically, mentally,
emotionally, morally ready soldiers to fight and win,” Dailey
said, acknowledging the difficulty—but necessity—of making
that call. “The readiness aspect says it’s unsustainable, and it’s
not what’s best for the U.S. Army, and that’s the tough part.”
Earning That Promotion
Promotions among NCOs are being granted only once the
designated level of professional military education has been
completed, a hard hurdle that is non-negotiable, Dailey said.
 Under a program launched in January 2016, soldiers selected
and recommended for promotion by their chain of command
are trained at the unit level to meet the skills necessary to lead
soldiers and educated at the institutional level—the basic lead-
ers course for promotion to sergeant, for example. Then, once
all those requirements are met, a soldier pins on the higher
rank and receives the associated compensation and benefits.
The program is called STEP, for Select, Train, Educate,
Promote, and includes a physical fitness test, Dailey said.
When the program started, he said, there were about 25,000
NCOs in what he called “the backlog [of those] who hadn’t
been to the requisite level of education commensurate with
their skill level.” Eighteen months later, he said, that number
was down to roughly 3,500 in the Regular Army. The so-called
backlog was made up of soldiers who had already been pro-
moted, as well as those on a standing promotion list.
“There was no forcing mechanism saying you had to meet
the standard prior to being promoted,” Dailey said, noting
that ensuring the NCO corps has completed the Army’s
training and education requirements is a path to readiness be-
cause, in part, it sets a standard for everyone. “This is a stan-
dards-based Army. Lead by example and soldiers will follow
that example.”
Readiness for Life
Dailey is passionate about using training and education as
ways to enhance readiness while also investing in the future
success of soldiers once they leave the Army. His goal is to cer-
tify every soldier in every MOS that translates to a skill in the
During a visit to
Fort Campbell, Ky.,
Sgt. Maj. of the Army
Daniel A. Dailey talks
to soldiers about
readiness.
28 ARMY ■ October 2017
civilian world. The Army, he said, provides world-class educa-
tion and training for its soldiers but those aren’t worth much
in the outside world.
“I have truck drivers that have driven hundreds of thousands
of miles with double and triple combinations—hazmat at
night in the snow with no lights on with a lower accident rate
than most major truck industries in the United States—and
they can’t get a job when they get out of the Army. Welders go
through some of the most intensive welding training, but they
can’t weld because they’re not certified to weld,” Dailey said.
“We’re changing that.”
Through a proposal to Army leadership, Dailey wants to mo-
bilize a credentialing and accreditation initiative that involves
using federal tuition assistance funds earmarked under current
rules for academic endeavors and making the same funds avail-
able for technical certification.
“Our force is technically trained. They are technical experts,
not academic experts,” he said, questioning why the Army is
prohibited from using “our tuition assistance dollars to capital-
ize on the training we’ve paid for with our tax dollars.”
Credentialing and accrediting the technical expertise of sol-
diers and leveraging the professional military education they
receive, he posited, would have a significant impact on their
ability to get a good job once they leave the Army and lower
the unemployment rate among military veterans.
“We want them to be productive members of society, and
recognized not just for their service and sacrifice, which they
should, but for the value they bring to their community,”
Dailey said. ✭
U.S. Army/David E. Gillespie
 U.S. Army National Guard/Sgt. 1st Class Jim Greenhill

30
ARMY ■ October 2017
U.S. Army Reserve
Talent Quest
Expanding the Capabilities of the Army Reserve

By Gina Cavallaro, Senior Staff Writer

T he U.S. Army Reserve’s highest priorities are ready formations that can deploy quickly, new capa-
bilities in emerging technologies, and finding and retaining talented soldiers.
Using the 1908 origins of the Army Reserve as a timeless template for the future, the commander of to-
day’s 200,000-strong Reserve aims to hone the legacy skills of the strategic federal force, and expand that
set of capabilities with new skills for what is expected to be a more complex battlefield.
“The progression of the Army Reserve in terms of where we go and what we do has shifted from a stra-
tegic framework to an operational posture,” said Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey, chief of the Army Reserve.
That modern reality means the Reserve and the Army National Guard, rather than taking years to get
ready and build capacity for a directed mission, have shifted to an expectation of “a much more routine
access to and use of that capability as an operational part of the Army,” Luckey said.
Driving this shift is a new threat environment in which close to half the resources, commodities and
capabilities the Reserve brings to the fight need to be able to move more quickly than usual, sometimes in
less than 30 days, to new areas of the world, potentially at the same time. This includes chemical, signal,
engineer survey and bridge-building units, finance, transportation and military police, he said.
“At least 40 percent of what I have has to go within the first 90 days of the requirement, and it puts a
high demand on us making sure they’re going to be able to meet the timelines,” Luckey said. “That means
my bench strength has got to be pretty good.”
About 95 percent of the Army’s civil affairs capability and half the military’s medical capabilities are in
the Reserve. There are other go-to capabilities like petroleum distribution nodes, quartermaster, public
affairs, legal and logistics, whose unique skill sets will require them to sustain high readiness levels.
A strategy created in the months after Luckey took command in June 2016 is called Ready Force X, a
mechanism to build short-term readiness for some 30,000 soldiers in these high-demand units. The units
have since been identified. But some challenges remain, including money for extra training, if there is a
requirement for it, and the level of complexity of each unit’s individual task, equipment maintenance and
weapons systems. Sometimes, it’s the sheer size of the formation itself that determines needs.
Luckey said a chaplain detachment or dog-handling team may not require a lot of additional training or
expense because they’re likely to maintain a standard high degree of readiness. Still, if a Reserve skill is needed
and the unit must deploy in short order, “one of my challenges as a leader is figuring out which is harder, the
small formation to get it deployed in 14 days or a much more complex formation that has 25 days,” he said.

On Technology and Talent

Building readiness is a top priority for Luckey, who sees an important part of that to be an expansion of
the Reserve’s pool of skills to meet new and challenging adversaries.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 31

 For the Reserve chief, this means finding and keeping the
best talent in the same way the Reserve did when it was estab-
lished, only now that process would be applied for all things
digital, such as cyber, artificial intelligence and capabilities
that are emerging in commercial technology.
On what he calls his “journey of discovery,” Luckey has
begun to scour the country in search of a better understand-
ing of this technological landscape. As the leader of the Army
Reserve, he said, it is incumbent upon him to “be a screening
force for the Army, to stay in touch with what’s going on out
there in the commercial sector of America because most of my
soldiers, that’s where they work. That’s how I learn about this.”
His journey has included meetings with industry in places
like Mountain View, Calif., home to the country’s top tech-
nology firms, and with researchers at the Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology in Cambridge.
Luckey is also thinking of new ways to harness the bright-
est talent behind the advances. This has led him to consider
locating the Reserve’s 10 cyber protection teams—which are
in varying stages of achieving operational proficiency—in
strategic geographical areas, such as Mountain View, where
they might serve as a “catch basin for talent that was initially
U.S. Army Reserve/Sgt. 1st Class Phillip Eugene
32 ARMY ■ October 2017
brought into the Army through the active force” and may be
working for more money in the private sector.
‘They Miss It’
He is banking on the fact that when people finish their time
in the Army, they think “ ‘That’s it, I did my five years in the
Army, now I’m going to go do something different.’ Then after
six months they miss it. They want to stay connected.”
Approaching it from a different angle, Luckey said, would
be the possibility of bringing in talent through nontraditional
means such as accelerated direct commissioning without hav-
ing to run them through four years of ROTC. He cites the
judge advocate general corps as an example.
“The Army does a pretty good job of bringing in lawyers
in a very accelerated compressed fashion,” he said, explaining
that “you go to law school, you get certain constructive credit
for the time you’re there. You come in at one rank and get
promoted relatively quickly once you’ve met the basic require-
ments to be an Army officer.”
Unlike troops recruited for combat arms units, people with
high-demand specialized skills, such as doctors, chaplains
and lawyers, would not be expected to attain the proficiency
At Fort Dix, N.J., students and instructors
with the U.S. Army Reserve’s 80th Train-
ing Command’s carpentry and masonry
specialist course meet with Reserve Chief
Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey.
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U.S. Army/ Master Sgt. Marisol Walker

U.S. Army Reserve Chief Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey, left,

and Brig. Gen. Robert D. Harter, director of the Office of the
Chief, Army Reserve, lead soldiers on a run at Fort Belvoir,
Va.; left: Reservists talk with Luckey at Fort McCoy, Wis.

level of a combat arms soldier or become steely-eyed killers.

“They may be that, but that’s not why you’re bringing them
in. You want them to feel, sense and understand that they’re
a soldier, but at the end of the day, you really want a lawyer,”
he said.
In his quest for broad visibility on future requirements,
Luckey has also talked with medical personnel, a few of whom
suggested that doctors be recruited from a population that’s fur-
ther along in their careers. A 40-year-old surgeon with an estab-
lished practice, home and family, they reasoned, is still physi-
cally fit, probably financially more secure, and might be more
open to the extra commitment of service in the Army Reserve.
The Reserve must also keep an eye on technology as new tal-
U.S. Army Reserve/Lt. Col. Dana Kelly

ent is assessed, he said, such as driverless trucks. “Absent mas-

sive destruction of the electromagnetic spectrum—which is
entirely possible, by the way—the likelihood that every truck
would necessarily have to have a driver probably will go down
significantly in 10 years,” said Luckey, at the same time recog-
nizing the possible future relationship between cyber and trucks.
How, he questioned, would the trucks move if the electro-
magnetic spectrum was destroyed by the enemy, and would cyber

34 ARMY ■ October 2017

 soldiers have the technical savvy to keep this from happening?
“I don’t know the answer to that, but those are the questions
we ask,” he said, circling back to the need for soldiers with
technological skills.
In the Army Reserve “cyber market,” Luckey explained,
“the cyber hook is in many cases of interest to young cyber
warriors,” soldiers who spend a weekend or two weeks in the
summer performing Title 10 military missions in cyberspace
that they wouldn’t be able to do if they weren’t a soldier in
federal status.
In late 2016, the Army hosted a monthlong “Hack the
Army” challenge in an effort to identify vulnerabilities in the
Army’s computer systems, and Luckey believes that such ac-
tivities can leverage the fun factor of working on cyber in the
Army to attract talented new soldiers.
All in the Family
With about 200,000 soldiers living or working in some 20
time zones, Luckey said he must invest the time to gather, sus-
U.S. Army Reserve/Master Sgt. Mark Bell
U.S. Army Reserve Chief Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey with Reservists during an exercise at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, N.J.
36 ARMY ■ October 2017
tain and nurture the support of families and employers for what
is expected to be a higher operational tempo in years to come.
“From an employment perspective, my challenge as the
leader of this team is to make sure we remain ready enough
to be relevant, but not so ready that our soldiers can’t keep
meaningful employment,” he said.
Ninety-three percent of his soldiers are part-time Reservists.
When he’s not scavenging the country for ideas or planning
ways to build readiness, he’s meeting with people, employers,
families and business leaders. In some companies, there are
employees who facilitate and maintain a connection between
the Reserve and corporate America through their connections
in the Reserve.
“I am personally very cognizant of my responsibility to try
to influence influencers in our society to support our soldiers
and to reaffirm for employers across America that when you
share your talent with the Army Reserve, you’re a partner in
continuing to help us weave this strategic fabric when it comes
to the security of the U.S.,” Luckey said. ✭
 U.S. Army National Guard/Sgt. 1st Class Jim Greenhill

38
ARMY ■ October 2017
Army National Guard
Army National
Guard 4.0
Effort Means ‘Evolutionary Leap’ for Citizen-Soldiers

By Gina Cavallaro, Senior Staff Writer

A
shift is underway in the Army National Guard that will change the way units of citizen-soldiers
train, mobilize and deploy, bringing them closer to the regular Army operational tempo than
ever before, according to the three-star general who commands the oldest component of the
U.S. military.
Called ARNG 4.0, the Army National Guard effort is driven by the expectation that the U.S. will face
threats on multiple fronts overseas within a decade, requiring some units to be ready and able to deploy
in as few as 30 days, and that there will also be heightened reliance on the National Guard’s air defense
capabilities.
Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy, Army National Guard director since March 2015, said with the shift
toward a new standard of readiness to meet emerging threats all over the world, “we’re shaping the ANG
not based on the last 100 years but what we’ll have to do the next 20 to 30 years.” The plan, he said, “isn’t
something that just came out of the blue. We’ve been moving toward this point since the late ’70s with
the all-volunteer force.”
What Kadavy has called the “fourth evolutionary leap” in the way the National Guard trains and oper-
ates, the strategy builds on the experiences of the past 15 years. Instead of ramping up for operations in
Iraq and Afghanistan with an 18-month lead time to gather people, train units and secure resources, the
new strategy is the same one implemented by the Army in fiscal 2017 in which leaders are ready and units
are staffed, equipped and trained at sustainable levels to quickly deploy for simultaneous contingencies.
“4.0,” Kadavy said, “is being ready without a notification of an upcoming mission. Where the Army
relies on us in certain cases for capability, we have to be ready. We’ve built an Army that needs all three
components to go to war.”
Five of the Army’s 15 armored brigade combat teams, and two Stryker BCTs, are National Guard units,
as are most Avenger air defense artillery battalions that operate short-range missile defense (SHORAD)
weapons and exist almost exclusively in the Guard. Lt. Gen. James Dickinson, commander of the U.S.
Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command, said the Army’s goal is to
field SHORAD to Europe in fiscal 2018.
Along with the armored and Stryker BCTs, the National Guard has all the Army’s field cannon artillery
battalions, most of its rocket battalions above brigade, four attack reconnaissance battalions, and, along
with the Army Reserve, Kadavy said, “We have the vast majority of the theater-opening capability, so we

October 2017 ■ ARMY 39

have to maintain the readiness of these units going forward.”
The heavy reliance on the Guard as key forces means more
training days for some units, specifically the high-demand ar-
mored and Stryker BCTs and the units that support them.
Units tapped for deployment will complete two rotations each
at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, Calif., and the
Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk, La., in their
“available” or fourth year of readiness, something the National
Guard has never done, Kadavy said.
“Going to NTC every four years is new. Some ABCTs
went about 15 or 20 years ago; that was the last time they
went for a decisive action,” Kadavy said. “Some of them have
gone as a culminating training event before going to Iraq or
Afghanistan, and it was focused on what they’d be doing re-
lated to a counterinsurgency fight. What they’re doing today
is specifically directed and written and executed in a decisive
action role.”
Readiness of the National Guard also got a boost with the
congressionally authorized end strength of 343,000 by the end
of fiscal 2017, an increase of 8,000 soldiers. The additional sol-
diers won’t be used to create new units but will, instead, boost
troop levels in brigade combat teams. In some cases, units will
be staffed at 118 percent to “drive up their personnel readi-
ness,” Kadavy said.
Massachusetts Army
National Guard 1st
Lt. Daniel Leclair,
left, and Staff Sgt.
Alex Vath at the Joint
Readiness Training
Center, Fort Polk, La.
40 ARMY ■ October 2017
Contributing to the National Guard’s integration with the
Regular Army is the Associated Units Pilot Program, a three-
year program that pairs select National Guard and Reserve
units with Regular Army units to train and build readiness
together. The pilot, which involves switching the National
Guard and Reserve soldiers’ unit patches for the patch of the
Regular Army unit they’re training with, began in June 2016
and is likely to be formally adopted.
National Guard and active-duty soldiers are operating and
training together more than they ever have.
“With familiarity and relationships comes trust,” Kadavy
said, recognizing the bonds that form over more than 15 years
of training, deploying and fighting together. “When our units
arrive and show that they are capable, that starts to build fa-
miliarity and relationships, so I think the trust is as high as it’s
been in my 37 years in service.”
The Fourth Evolution
To understand the Army National Guard’s evolution to
ARNG 4.0, Kadavy summarizes its previous three evolutions,
beginning with the post-Vietnam 1970s and the start of the
all-volunteer force, when draft deferrals made up the majority
of the National Guard’s 402,000 soldiers. Standards were low
and training was on the job.
U.S. Army National Guard/Sgt. Michael Davis
 THERE’S NO
SUCH THING AS
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U.S. Army/Sgt. Tyler Meister
American and Canadian soldiers listen to Army National Guard Director Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy during an exercise in Romania.
In the 1980s during the Reagan-era military buildup, Ka-
davy said, a one-Army standard was adopted and with it the
requirement for a physically fit, professional force.
Standards were incorporated for physical fitness, height,
weight and haircuts. Regional training institutes were estab-
lished with U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command pro-
grams of instruction to ensure soldiers met the classification
requirements for their military occupational skill sets, “all of
which moved us to a strategic reserve of the Army,” Kadavy
said.
With the terrorist attacks of 9/11 came the National Guard’s
third bump forward and the beginning of near-constant op-
erations alongside the rest of the U.S. military. The National
Guard had been operationalized.
“Suddenly the Guard was being mobilized in numbers we’d
never seen, so we really became the operational reserve of the
Army and our dynamic changed there again,” Kadavy said.
The National Guard would mobilize and deploy more than
560,000 soldiers over a 15-year period.
For soldiers who had joined the National Guard after the
Reagan years, it was no longer 15 days of training in the sum-
mer and one weekend a month, with some NCO education
thrown in. Guard units were mobilizing, training and deploy-
ing for yearlong rotations, then coming back home and turn-
ing their equipment over to the next unit in the pipeline—re-
42 ARMY ■ October 2017
peating the process at intervals that weren’t always predictable.
With ARNG 4.0, Kadavy said, there will be more training
for more soldiers, and the global demand for the Army’s capa-
bilities means the requirement to mobilize and deploy will be
up. But that will be tempered by more predictability through
targeted readiness pools that families and employers can fol-
low and use to prepare for absences.
“We’ll be doing some additional training for some units
within the Army National Guard in order to achieve that sus-
tained readiness requirement,” Kadavy said, “but I think we’re
more than up to it because every time we’ve done it previously,
soldiers have had the opportunity to enlist and re-enlist. They
understand what we’re asking of them.”
National Guard soldiers have been deployed around the
world in recent years for various missions, and Kadavy main-
tained that morale and enthusiasm for the work is high because
leaders are straightforward about the operational tempo and
soldiers and their families know what to expect.
Setting the Stage
Keeping pace with ARNG 4.0 is the integration of modern
equipment for Guard units. Overall, Kadavy said, the National
Guard is equipped at about 94 percent or more of its standard
table of organization and equipment—about the same as the
active component.
 The lifespan of the Humvee, which Kadavy refers to as “the
workhorse of emergency and domestic response” in the states
and a key portion of the Army, is being extended with the help
of Congress and the Army. It will continue to be driven by the
National Guard for up to 20 more years, even though some
units are on deck to eventually receive the new Joint Light
Tactical Vehicle on a shorter timeline.
New or upgraded equipment is welcome and desirable, but
an unexpected byproduct of getting more equipment is the
Army National Guard is running out of places to keep it. Al-
most half the Guard’s facilities were built more than 50 years
ago, long before planners could have imagined the burgeoning
growth in gear and equipment soldiers have today.
“Our facilities aren’t where we’d want them to be. We have
armories that are 48 years old but units with equipment we
didn’t have 48 years ago,” Kadavy said.
What’s needed are parking lots, weapons vaults and con-
trolled areas for sensitive kit like night-vision goggles and se-
cure communications equipment. Electrical systems that can
support training simulators and training classrooms need up-
grades, and some facilities in areas with lower Guard popula-
tions are underused.
U.S. Army/1st Lt. Matthew Gilbert
Army National Guard Director Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy, left, watches National Guard soldiers bridge a river in Romania.
44 ARMY ■ October 2017
The Guard “has a plan, and we just have to go fight and
make our case for resourcing it,” he said.
Meanwhile, the Guard is investing in upgraded ranges so
states have the ability to complete weapons qualification, and
the 143,000-acre Orchard Combat Training Center in Idaho
with its 21 training ranges will be developed into a collective
training area that can support the requirements of an ABCT.
Citizen-soldiers’ combat readiness and ability to do the warf-
ighting mission, he said, enhances the National Guard’s state
mission as well. “The uniqueness to be able to plan and execute
and support operations is critical to emergency management”
and the country gets “two things for the price of one.”
Getting the word out about ARNG 4.0 is a priority for Ka-
davy, who has hosted commander conferences and town halls
with soldiers and families, spoken to couples at relationship-
building programs, visited industry, Congress and leadership
in the 54 states and territories, and talked with media.
“Most Americans understand why we serve and how impor-
tant it is. It’s just explaining to them why we’re doing it, why
there are more training days for certain formations,” he said.
“Once we do that, they understand. They may not always agree
with it, but they understand what we do.” ✭
 Multi-Domain Battle became a new military buzzword at the 2016 Association of the U.S.
Army Annual Meeting and Exposition with a rare joint service discussion about the impor-
tance of overlapping capabilities so the U.S. military could continue to have freedom of ac-
tion on land and sea, in space and cyberspace, and across the electromagnetic spectrum. A
joint Army and Marine Corps white paper followed in February, further fleshing out the new
combined arms concept that is viewed as essential in 2025 and beyond as the U.S. faces con-
tested operational environments.
The Army’s chief Multi-Domain Battle advocate, Gen. David G. Perkins, the U.S. Army
Training and Doctrine Command commander, continues developing details in hopes of
unveiling a full concept in 2018.
An update on the progress follows.

Soldiers with the 173rd Airborne Brigade practice

boarding a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter in Bulgaria.
U.S. Army/Spc. Thomas Scaggs

46 ARMY ■ October 2017

The Change
Imperative
Building the Army of the Future by Learning From the Past
By Gen. David G. Perkins

I
n a world of constrained resources, there will always be a dy-
namic tension between investing in the Army we have now
and transitioning to the Army of the future. This tension
requires taking risks—intentionally not meeting some cur-
rent demands in order to free up resources required for invest-
ment in the future. To mitigate these risks, it is important to
understand why we have an Army and what we want it to do.
A unique purpose of our Army is to compel our nation’s
will on our enemies absent voluntary compliance. Our Army
is a concepts-based, doctrinally driven organization. Doctrine
describes how we run the Army today with what we have to-
day. Concepts, on the other hand, describe how we change the
Army to meet the challenges of the future. A doctrine that is
designed to meet the challenges of the operating environment
in which we will fight is critical to ensuring the Army can fulfill
its primary purpose to compel compliance when diplomacy fails.
The U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRA-
DOC) is responsible for doctrine the Army operates with to-
day and concepts it develops for future success. This article
is intended to give an overview of where TRADOC is and
where we are headed in the near term in developing a new
warfighting concept for a changing operational environment.
The intellectual must lead the physical in this process. Fortu-
nately, our Army has a long (if sometimes checkered) history
of applying past lessons to building the Army of the future.

Face New Realities

Change is never easy. Most people, and probably all large or-
ganizations, resist change—if for no other reason than it threat-
ens established order. But when organizations don’t change in
the face of new realities there is often a heavy price to pay.
As we mark the centennial of the American Expeditionary
Forces’ entry into World War I, we would do well to reflect

October 2017 ■ ARMY 47

DoD/Justin Connaher

25th Infantry Division paratroopers jump from an Air Force C-17 during
training at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska; right: Gen. David G.
Perkins, head of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command.

on the terrible price paid in that conflict for our failure to an-
ticipate the changing character of war and our insistence on
fighting with a doctrine designed for an earlier time. Believing
that the Germans would be driven from the field by the rifle
and the bayonet, over 60,000 American soldiers lost their lives
in just four short months in the killing fields of no man’s land.
Victory was finally secured—not from frontal infantry assaults,
but through the coordinated use of long-range fires synchro-
nized with infantry maneuvering in smaller and more flexible
formations to secure limited objectives.
Fortunately, the U.S. military hasn’t always learned the hard
way. The 1973 Yom Kippur War provided a stark glimpse into
the speed and lethality of modern war, the role of technology
AUSA/Luc Dunn

and the effective use of air assets in support of ground forces to

facilitate operational maneuver. Recognizing that Army doc-
trine was geared toward fighting the last war (Vietnam) and
ill-suited for the next war (defeating the massed tank armies of

48 ARMY ■ October 2017

the Soviet Union on the Central Plains of Europe), the Army
set about the hard intellectual work required to change its
doctrine—giving birth to AirLand Battle, a doctrine that has
served us well for decades and was successfully put to the test
in the First Gulf War.
Three Lessons
Just as we learned the lessons from the Yom Kippur War,
our potential adversaries have learned the lessons of our suc-
cess in the First Gulf War. Anyone studying our battlefield
successes during the past 30 years has learned three macro les-
sons. First, don’t let the U.S. and our allies gain a foothold in
the area of operations. Once established, we are impossible
to dislodge, and we will use this base of operations to build a
mountain of logistic, kinetic and command-and-control sup-
port. Second, fracture the AirLand Battle framework by iso-
lating the air domain from the land domain and defeat them
in sequence. Third, don’t allow the U.S. to maneuver and bring
all of our elements of combat power (including leadership) to
bear in order to gain a position of advantage.
Our peer competitors have invested heavily in anti-access/area
denial capabilities, integrated air defenses and long-range fires,
as well as offensive and defensive electronic warfare and cyber
capabilities. We can no longer assume superiority in all of the
domains—all will be contested. We can no longer maintain total
domain dominance everywhere and all the time. Since the op-
erational environment has changed, our doctrine must change.
Our evolving Multi-Domain Battle concept is designed to
50 ARMY ■ October 2017
solve these problems: how to get past the enemy’s anti-access/
area denial capabilities, how to avoid domain fracturing and
how to preserve freedom of action. We want to penetrate at a
time and place of our choosing in more than one domain by
opening windows of domain superiority to allow us to maneu-
ver inside our adversaries’ integrated anti-access/area denial.
What we have are federated solutions we are trying to syn-
chronize. The rate and speed of Multi-Domain Battle will not
afford the time to synchronize. We require converged and in-
tegrated solutions from the beginning that present the enemy
with multiple dilemmas.
It would be a mistake at this point to assume the solution
lies solely in the technical realm. In the future, we will need
to become sensor-shooter agnostic in our platforms, and we
will need a common operating picture. But the full solution
set will cut across training, leader development, organizational
structure and even cultural change.
The Road Ahead
We must address our mindset across DoD by changing our
culture to one of inclusion and openness—true “jointness.” We
must shift from a model of interdependence to one of integra-
tion, which includes flexible command-and-control designs,
better integrated communications systems, development of
tailorable and scalable units, and—in key areas—policies that
enable adaptability and innovation. We must address technol-
ogy by repurposing current technology to do more and provide
greater capability, improving future acquisitions across DoD,
Vehicles with the 25th Infantry Division await
loading onto a logistics support vessel in Hawaii.
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Armando R. Limon
Dominate Every Domain
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 A High Mobility Artillery Rocket System is fired in Afghanistan.
U.S. Navy/Petty Officer 2nd Class Sean Furey
and, most importantly, developing sensor-to-shooter webs.
No more one-trick ponies.
Achieving this vision will require immediate and unique
changes to how the Army fights, trains, organizes and equips.
The soon-to-be-published Field Manual 3-0 will incorporate
the lessons being learned on today’s battlefield and from vari-
ous exercises. As we refine our doctrine, our efforts to provide
cutting-edge access to training and equipment are just as impor-
tant. By leveraging knowledge gained from firsthand observa-
tions from their operational advisers, the U.S. Army Asymmet-
ric Warfare Group is prototyping the Cross Domain Training
Environment with the goal of providing local installations the
ability to physically create and equip the necessary training en-
vironment that reflects the changing operational environment.
Multi-Domain Task Force
We are developing a Multi-Domain Task Force that will
build an initial foundation to employ, test and improve our
ability to fight and win using the concept of Multi-Domain
Battle. The task force will pave the way for the Army to sup-
port counter anti-access/area denial challenges. This is an es-
sential tool that proactively counters our adversaries’ attempts
to fracture, deny and fix U.S. military strengths.
The task force will be designed, developed and resourced to
protect friendly forces and critical nodes, while maintaining
the capability to strike enemy assets with long-range kinetic
and nonkinetic capabilities. The Army will initiate a pilot pro-
52 ARMY ■ October 2017
gram to test the task force under the operational control of
U.S. Army Pacific and build the organizational structure of
the task force at Fort Bliss, Texas.
In the future fight, we cannot depend on disparate solutions
working through their functional stovepipes. Future com-
manders will have a profound breadth and depth of informa-
tion and access to capabilities providing cross-domain effects,
maneuver and fires. Combat capabilities conceived and pro-
cured as disparate packages will be torn apart by peer adversar-
ies, no matter how well put together on a future battlefield.
Now is the time to establish the framework by which we can
build the future force as a converged and integrated solution.
We are developing a framework based on an informed con-
cept, associated capabilities and a clear articulation of require-
ments, thus setting the conditions to transform the Army to
fight and win tonight, tomorrow and in the future.
Change is never easy but the need for change is clear. The
operational environment continues to change and failing to
respond is not an option. Rather than fighting the last war,
we will apply the lessons of the past—especially the lessons
learned in the development of AirLand Battle—to develop
the Multi-Domain Battle concept, in order to fight and win
in a rapidly changing and potentially dangerous future. The
new doctrine that will result from this process will drive train-
ing, leader development, organizational design and materiel
solutions in the future as we continue to meet the require-
ments of today. ✭
 Gary Sinise Awarded
AUSA’s Marshall Medal
Gary Sinise Foundation

54 ARMY ■ October 2017

G
ary Sinise, an actor, director and musician who has
dedicated himself for four decades to helping ser-
vice members, veterans, first responders and their
families, is the 2017 recipient of the George Catlett
Marshall Medal, the Association of the U.S. Army’s highest
annual award for distinguished, extraordinary and selfless ser-
vice to the United States.
Sinise is a native of Blue Island, Ill., adjacent to Chicago.
He has received many honors in his lifetime of achieve-
ments, but helping current and former military
members, especially wounded warriors and
disabled veterans, has never been far from
his mind.
His connection to veterans started
with his own family. “In the late 1970s
and early ’80s, as a young man, I
sat at that dinner table with the
Vietnam veteran side of my wife’s
family, and I began to receive an
education of what they experi-
enced during the war, how bravely
they fought, and how they felt at
the shameful way they were treated
when they returned home,” Sinise
said at the 2014 dedication of the
American Veterans Disabled for Life
Memorial in Washington, D.C.
His brother-in-law, Vietnam combat
medic Jack Treese, had died just days before the
ceremony. “He was like a brother to me,” Sinise re-
called. After returning to the U.S., Treese “went into a stall in
the airport bathroom to change into his civilian clothes to keep
from being stared at or shouted at or possibly spit on,” Sinise
recalled his brother-in-law saying. “What happened post-Viet-
nam, when we forgot our returning veterans, weakened our na-
tion,” Sinise said. “We must never, ever, let that happen again.”
New Connection to Veterans
In 1974, when Sinise and two friends formed Steppenwolf
Theatre in Chicago, he had a new connection to veterans be-
cause two Vietnam veterans were in the company.
At Steppenwolf, Sinise secured the rights in 1983 to Tracers,
a dramatic play described by critics as gritty and grim that was
written by a Vietnam veteran and starred Vietnam veterans in
the original cast. The play, using small stories to show the life
of a platoon, was presented free to veterans every Tuesday, an
act that exposed Sinise to veterans’ groups in Chicago.
His acting career took off in the 1980s with appearances in
several TV series, including Crime Story, Hunter and American
Playhouse, and he won critical acclaim when he directed and
starred in a 1992 version of John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice
and Men.
He had a starring role in The Stand, a 1994 four-part TV
miniseries, and appeared in the movie Forrest Gump in a per-
formance that would seal his connection with the military.
He appeared in only about 20 minutes of the
movie in the role of Army officer Lt. Dan
Taylor who is severely wounded in Viet-
nam and suffers post-war depression
but eventually finds a better life.
“He’s angry at God and angry at
life and all of that, but he’s able
to put that all in perspective
and move on, and at the end
of the movie he’s rich and he’s
married and he’s standing up
on two legs and he’s a whole
different guy,” Sinise said in
a 2012 interview with CBS
News.
Academy Award Nomination
Sinise was nominated for an
Academy Award as Best Supporting
Actor for his Lt. Dan role. He gained
a lot of attention from military and veter-
ans’ groups and was invited on USO handshaking
tours. “I could not have foreseen that the Lt. Dan character
would be a character that has a life of its own beyond the
movie,” he told the USO in 2014. “I think part of that is be-
cause, when I started working with the USO and visiting our
hospitals and meeting this entire new generation of amputees,
the character and its relation to me became sort of a conversa-
tion piece with our wounded in the hospitals.”
In a 2013 interview on CNN, Sinise said when he visited
his first military hospital he discovered most of the soldiers
had no idea of his real name, referring to him as Lt. Dan.
“It was an automatic icebreaker,” Sinise said. “They felt like
I could understand what they were going through because I
played that part in the movie. I realized that particular charac-
ter was going to be part of my life.”
He continued getting bigger roles after Forrest Gump and
started getting more involved in programs for soldiers and
veterans.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 55
 SUPPORTING THE U.S. ARMY

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Gary Sinise in his role
as Lt. Dan Taylor,
right, speaks with the
title character played
by Tom Hanks in the
movie Forrest Gump.
He won a Golden Globe Award in 1996 for Best Actor in
a Miniseries for his portrayal of President Harry S. Truman
in an HBO film. He also won the Harry S. Truman Good
Neighbor Award after being in the film because one of his re-
actions to playing Truman was co-founding Operation Inter-
national Children. The actor said the idea came to him when
traveling in Iraq. “I traveled by convoy to a small school that
our troops had been working to rebuild. Seeing how protective
our servicemen and women were of the Iraqi children and how
tirelessly they worked to support the new school was deeply
inspiring. I wanted to do something to assist their efforts from
back in the USA,” he said in 2013.
He won an Emmy Award in 1998 for Outstanding Lead
Actor for his starring role in the two-part miniseries George
Wallace, about the late Alabama governor. In a 1997 inter-
view, Sinise took the role about the segregationist politician
because of the script. “The story is about changing, forgiveness
and progress,” Sinise said.
Lt. Dan Band Formed
In 2003, Sinise and longtime friend Kimo Williams formed
the Lt. Dan Band, named for the Forrest Gump character, with
the idea of performing a few charity concerts in the Chicago
area. That led to an overseas tour by the cover band and more
invitations to perform. The band now makes 30 to 40 appear-
ances a year, mostly for the USO.
In 2011, Sinise established the Gary Sinise Foundation,
expanding his efforts to include first responders. The founda-
58 ARMY ■ October 2017
Paramount Pictures
tion has many elements. There are programs to send World
War II veterans to the National World War II Museum in
New Orleans, to provide predeployment meals for soldiers,
to help wounded warriors with adapted housing and vehicles,
outreach programs for first responders, and Invincible Spirit
festivals for wounded warriors, their families and caregivers.
There is also a touch of the past, as the foundation has an
arts and entertainment outreach program that provides a meal
and a show for veterans, just like the program he started at
Steppenwolf Theatre.
Sinise has done all of this while continuing his acting and
directing career, appearing in major movies like 1995’s Apollo
13, 1999’s The Green Mile, and Mission to Mars and Reindeer
Games in 2000. He also spent nine seasons starring in the TV
series CSI: NY and narrated 14 episodes of the series Missions
that Changed the War.
Many Honors
Much recognition and many honors have come his way for
his work for the military and first responders.
He received the God of Fire Man of the Year award in 2007
for his aid to children in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Presiden-
tial Citizens Medal in 2008 for exemplary deeds and service to
the country, the Spirit of the USO award and the Operation
Troop Aid Patriot Award in 2009, the Order of Military Med-
ical Merit Award from the Army Surgeon General in 2011,
the National Citizenship Award for humanitarian service in
2011 from the Military Chaplains Association of the U.S., the
U.S. Army/Brandon Beach

Gary Sinise greets troops in Stuttgart, Germany, in 2007;

left: Sinise plays with his Lt. Dan Band at Fort Bragg, N.C.

Magic Legs Award for integrity and respect for the nation in
2012 from Disabled American Veterans, the Outstanding Ci-
vilian Service Award from the U.S. Army in 2013, the True
Grit Humanitarian Award in 2015 from the John Wayne Can-
cer Institute Auxiliary, and also in 2015, the Doughboy Award
for lasting contributions to the U.S. Army Infantry.
He was named an Honorary Night Stalker in 2009 by the
160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment at Fort Camp-
bell, Ky., for his support of soldiers and their esprit de corps;
made an Honorary Navy Chief Petty Officer in 2012 for his
support for the Navy; and made an Honorary Marine in 2013
by the U.S. Marine Corps.
Sinise received a Hollywood Walk of Fame Star in April
from the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce in California
where he talked about his long support for the military. “I’m
grateful for these heroes, and all who continue to defend us. It’s
a gift to be able to use some of the success I’ve had in the movie
U.S. Army/Spc. John Lytle

and television business to try to do some good for those who

serve and sacrifice each day for our precious freedom,” he said.
There was a military honor guard at the ceremony, includ-
ing a 93-year-old veteran of the Battle of the Bulge, and there
were cheers when Sinise’s role as Lt. Dan was mentioned. ✭

October 2017 ■ ARMY 59

BUILDING CROSS-DOMAIN BATTLE
CAPABILITIES FOR THE WORLD’S
PREMIER LAND FORCE.
 Use of U.S. DoD visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

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National Army Museum
It Wouldn’t Be Happening Without AUSA’s

W
hen the National Museum of the United States
Army opens its doors in 2019, it will be the first A rendering of the National Museum of the United States Army.
time in the Army’s history that soldiers past,
present and future have a common place to share
their history, read their stories and honor their fallen.
Construction began in March at Fort Belvoir, Va., and con-
tinued uninterrupted thanks to a $34 million donation from
the Association of the U.S. Army. Without AUSA’s generous
donation, the single-largest contribution toward the future na-
tional landmark, the museum would have lost valuable match-
ing funds from Congress.
The AUSA contribution adds to continuing individual and
corporate donations; gifts of stock; foundation grants; mul-
timillion-dollar gifts from the Boeing Co., General Dynam-
ics Corp. and Lockheed Martin Corp.; and the most recent
million-dollar gifts from Honeywell, L3 Communications and
the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.
“We are the principal, the largest donor to the National
Museum of the U.S. Army,” said retired Gen. Carter F. Ham,
president and CEO of AUSA, who pointed to the associa-
tion’s mission as the reason for the timely contribution. “I
think it’s befitting this organization. If we are to be who we
say we are, a voice for the Army and support for soldiers, then
we ought to be leading the pack and that’s what we’re doing.”
Approximately $55 million is needed to complete the capi-
tal campaign spearheaded by the Army Historical Foundation.
With AUSA’s donation, the AHF met a required threshold
reserve amount, triggering the release of congressionally ap-
propriated funds for the museum’s construction.
“The release of that appropriated money was contingent
upon the Army Historical Foundation’s demonstration to the
Army and Congress that it had the fiscal wherewithal to build
the museum, and that’s where AUSA comes in,” Ham said.
Construction activity on and around the 84-acre museum
site began in March as the contractor, Clark Construction
Group LLC of Bethesda, Md., moved in heavy equipment,
site managers and subcontractors. By late summer, roadways
were paved, concrete and steel foundations and walls were
built, and some historical artifacts were in place. The multidis-
ciplinary facility will be a world-class educational destination
with an expected 700,000 visitors annually. The museum is
projected to open in late 2019; admission will be free.
The museum building was designed by Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill LLP, and within its walls, on its natural pathways and

62 ARMY ■ October 2017

Opening in 2019
Substantial Contribution

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

October 2017 ■ ARMY 63

Army Historical Foundation/Emmy French

The Sherman tank that led the 4th Armored Division’s break through
German defenses ringing the town of Bastogne, Belgium, in World War II
is placed on the site of the National Museum of the United States Army;
right: The M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle that led the charge from
Kuwait to Baghdad in 2003 is pre-positioned in the museum’s future
Continuing War Gallery.

through its memorial gardens, the stories of the 30 million men

and women who have worn the Army uniform from 1775 to
today will be told.
“We appreciate the contributions of our 157,879 founding
sponsors and all of our major donors, and we are especially in-
debted to AUSA,” said retired Lt. Gen. Roger Schultz, AHF
president. “For years, AHF and AUSA have enjoyed the shared
vision that a great Army deserves a great museum and with-
out AUSA’s generosity and continuing support, our campaign
and the construction of the museum could not have progressed
to this point. Together, AHF and AUSA look forward to the
day in 2019 when we open the museum doors and share the
Army’s storied 244-year history with the American public and
the Army family.”

World-Class Destination
Located 15 miles south of Washington, D.C., on the edge
of the Fort Belvoir golf course, the museum’s glass and steel
facade will nestle into a sylvan landscape with tree-lined park-
ing lots, interactive trails, an amphitheater, parade ground,
Frank Lee Ruggles

gardens and spacious green areas.

In the lobby, visitors will be guided into exhibit areas through
the Soldiers’ Stories Gallery, a column of interactive pylons
each with personal stories told by soldiers of all generations.

64 ARMY ■ October 2017


U.S. Army
Overhead, illuminated glass campaign streamers will line the
beamed ceiling and an engraved Honor Wall representing each
of the Army’s battles will dominate the south wall.
Interactive exhibits featuring rare and priceless artifacts, art-
work and images never before seen by the American people
will fill most of the museum’s approximately 185,000 square
feet of floor space, with state-of-the-art technology through-
out the dramatic historical galleries. These include the Fight-
ing for the Nation and Army and Society galleries, the Army
Theater, plus an exhibit space for temporary installations.
An interactive Experiential Learning Center designed to
engage young visitors’ imaginations and curiosity will feature
immersive geography, science, technology, engineering and
mathematics educational programs, classroom space and sim-
ulated rescue mission activities. Young children will thrive at
Fort Discover, a hands-on exploration space, and Army fami-
lies will be represented with first-person accounts from around
the world on the Growing Up Army Wall.
Army recipients of the nation’s highest award for valor
in combat will be featured in the intimate Medal of Honor
Garden, a contemplative space on a rooftop garden terrace,
and the multipurpose Veterans’ Hall will provide a space for
veterans to host meetings, reunions and official functions in a
patriotic atmosphere flooded with natural light.
Place of National Significance
Funding of the museum project is ongoing and there are
several ways to donate, such as purchasing a personalized
commemorative brick for the Path of Remembrance en-
graved in gold on black granite; garden benches and theater
seats can be sponsored at different levels; and alcoves in the
Army Chief of Staff
Gen. Mark A. Milley
speaks at the
groundbreaking
for the National
Museum of the
United States Army.
Veterans’ Hall can be sponsored as well. Other mechanisms
for contributing to the museum can be found on its website,
www.armyhistory.org.
“We appreciate and are mindful of the trust and confi-
dence that our loyal and generous supporters have placed in
us in this long-overdue tribute to our Army and its soldiers
and their families,” said retired Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan,
AHF chairman.
Sullivan’s vision extends beyond the museum’s opening
date, which he considers completion of Phase 1 of the project.
“If we go even further back—from 1775 to 1636 and the or-
ganization of the militia—we’re talking about nearly 400 years
of Army history here, and not all of it will or can be seen when
we open,” Sullivan said.
He noted that over time he foresees expansion of the galler-
ies and leveraging advances in technology to ensure the mu-
seum complex matures and the Army’s comprehensive story
continues to be told.
That vision is bolstered with AUSA’s donation, which is
“consistent with AUSA’s mission as an educational and pro-
fessional development organization as a way to support sol-
diers and be a voice for the Army,” Ham said. “So fundamen-
tally that museum fits precisely with our mission.”
More importantly, the value of the museum lies in its po-
tential to be a focal point of pride and a place of reflection for
soldiers and their families, Army civilians and supporters from
around the world.
“I will have a place now that I know my kids, grandkids and
great-grandkids can go to and learn about what their father,
grandfather and great-grandfather did as a soldier,” Ham said.
“That’s priceless.” ✭
October 2017 ■ ARMY 65
 Year in Review
October 2016–September 2017
U.S. Army/John Pellino

The U.S. Military Academy Black

Knights run over the Naval Acad-
emy football team in December.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 67

 October 3
The U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center and General
Motors unveil a hydrogen-powered truck built by GM. The modified Chevrolet Colorado ZH2
was designed for the Army to see if it can operate in real-world conditions. It is quiet, has no
emissions other than water and has a small thermal signature.
Higher wheel torque makes it good for towing and climbing. The vehicle is 6½ feet tall and 7
October 2016
feet wide, runs on 37-inch tires and has a modified suspension for movement over rough terrain.
Paul Rogers, director of TARDEC, says: “Fuel cells have the potential to expand the capabili-
ties of Army vehicles significantly through quiet operation, exportable power and solid torque
performance, all advances that drove us to investigate this technology further.”
General Motors

The modified Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 hydrogen-powered truck is designed for Army testing.

October 4
Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley predicts fundamental change is coming to the Army.
Between 2025 and 2050, the organization, doctrine and weapons of land armies “will be fun-
damentally different than we see today,” he says in a speech during the Association of the U.S.
Army Annual Meeting and Exposition. “Those of us today will find it difficult to recognize the
battlefield of 2035, let alone 2050.”
Future wars will be “very highly lethal, unlike anything our Army has experienced since World
War II,” Milley says. It will be hard for formations to hide on battlefields flooded with sensors,
meaning survival could depend on fielding smaller, fast-moving forces. “If you stay in one place
for longer than two or three hours, you will be dead,” he says. “That obviously places demands
on human endurance and on equipment.”
Wars are more likely to be fought in dense urban areas with more robotic weapons and with a
large civilian population in the middle of the fighting, a situation that makes the enemy elusive

68 ARMY ■ October 2017

 and combines conventional warfare with terrorism and guer-
rilla activities. This requires “significant change in our cur-
rent methods of thinking, training and fighting,” Milley says.
“Army operations in complex and densely populated urban
terrain are the toughest and bloodiest form of combat, and it
will become the norm, not the exception, in the future.”
Milley cautions that while the character of land warfare
might be changing, the brutal nature of war will not. Wars
in the future are unlikely to include the comfort and stabil-
ity of operating out of well-equipped bases. “Life will almost
certainly be extremely austere,” he says. “Learning to be
comfortable without being seriously miserable every single
minute of every day will have to become a way of life for an
Army on the battlefield that I see coming.”

AUSA
Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley.

October 9
Soldiers dominate the Army Ten-Miler, winning the top five places in the 32nd running of
the popular race. Sgt. Augustus Maiyo, a Kenyan native based at Fort Carson, Colo., finishes
first with a time of 48 minutes, 20 seconds, edging out 1st Lt. Robert Cheseret. The top five
finishers are all members of the U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program.
U.S. Army/Don Wagner

The top five finishers

in the 32nd Army Ten-
Miler come from the
U.S. Army World Class
Athlete Program.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 69

 October 12
The Army’s top officer and his staff are among the first to help passen-
gers trapped in a car that crashed into a mass transit bus in Southeast
Washington, D.C.
According to news reports, Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley
briefly took command of an accident scene that his two-car convoy
came upon while driving from Joint Base Andrews, Md., to Fort Myer, Va.
An Army official says four soldiers “rendered aid,” pulling one per-
son from the car before it was engulfed in flames. Other than Milley,
the soldiers are not identified. Another person could not be rescued
and was pronounced dead at the scene.
The Army official says they “were simply doing what they believed
was the right thing to do—using their military training to help others.”

October 17
A battalion from the 173rd Airborne
Brigade jumps into Latvia as part of
Operation Atlantic Resolve. Welcoming
participants from nine nations, Latvian
Col. Ilmars Atis Lejins, commander for
the Latvian Land Forces, jokes, “There
must be something wrong with the
weather today because we are having
an exercise and it is not raining. Obvi-
ously, that will change.”
“We have two weeks ahead of us, and
I would like to invite you to fight igno-
rance, arrogance and negligence,” Lejins
says. “When we do training, we need to
train, dare to make mistakes and push
ourselves to the limits, so you come out
of this exercise strong and having gained
experience. Share your experiences, and
the exercise will be successful. I wish you
challenging days ahead.”
Led by the U.S., Operation Atlantic
Resolve is an effort in Eastern Europe
that demonstrates the continued U.S.
commitment to NATO and to stability
in Europe.
U.S. Army/Pfc. James Dutkavich

Paratroopers from the 2nd Battalion, 503rd

Infantry Regiment (Airborne), 173rd Airborne
Brigade, jump near Adazi, Latvia.

70 ARMY ■ October 2017

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U.S. Army Apache helicopters fly over Iraq at sunrise.

October 19
U.S. Army Apache helicopters join the battle for Mosul, supporting Iraqi forces fight-
ing Islamic State militants. Maj. Gen. Gary J. Volesky, the 101st Airborne Division com-
mander, says the Apaches are flying in support of night operations.
Volesky estimates there are 3,000–5,000 Islamic State fighters in Mosul, and that it
won’t be easy to eradicate them. “We expect there will be a fight,” he says.
U.S. helicopters have been effective in counterattacking and sometimes preventing
the use of mortars and suicide car bombs against Iraqi forces on the ground, he says.
Islamic State fighters have been retreating, setting buildings on fire as they withdraw
and using suicide bombers to protect their movements. “They are completely on the
defensive, and are just trying to hold on,” Volesky says.

October 27
An Army National Guard helicopter task force completes the first aviation support rota-
tion of its kind in Europe. The multistate unit from Colorado, Kansas and Utah brings U.S.
and allied special operations forces, in the U.S. Special Operations Command Europe area
of responsibility, the ability to train from new heights, literally, from July to October 2016.
The task force completes more than 212 missions including 207 military free-fall jumps,
112 static line jumps and 315 fast-rope insertions to aid special operators’ ability to train
in a more realistic manner.

72 ARMY ■ October 2017

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November 2016 November 3
The Army announces that about 1,700 soldiers from the 2nd Brigade Com-
bat Team, 82nd Airborne Division, will make a winter deployment to Iraq.
The Falcon Brigade replaces the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne
Division. They are on a train-advise-assist mission with Iraqi Security Forces
as part of Operation Inherent Resolve. Col. James “Pat” Work, commander
of the deploying 82nd Airborne BCT, says his soldiers are “highly trained,
disciplined and fit.”
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Jason Hull

Spc. Jessie Patchell, left, and Pfc. Zachary Folsom of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division, set up a
mortar in support of Iraqi forces in Mosul.

74 ARMY ■ October 2017

RCSB PDB/David S. Goodsell

Clinical trials begin for a vaccine to combat the Zika virus, shown in this watercolor as two pink circles
preparing to invade a cell.

November 7
Human clinical trials begin on a Zika vaccine developed by scientists at the Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research. Seventy-five healthy adults are taking part. This is a major step after a previ-
ous study found the Zika virus vaccine protected rhesus monkeys against two strains of the virus.
Col. Nelson Michael, director of the institute’s Military HIV Research Program and Zika pro-
gram co-lead, says the Army moved in 10 months from recognizing the Zika virus to having a
vaccine ready for clinical trials.
“The Army was able to move so quickly in developing, manufacturing and testing a Zika vac-
cine because of its extensive experience with this vaccine platform and long-standing invest-
ments in the understanding and mitigation of flaviviruses like yellow fever,” says Dr. Kayvon
Modjarrad, Zika program co-lead and associate director for emerging infectious disease threats.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 75

 November 7
New York businessman Donald Trump is elected the nation’s 45th president. He campaigned on a
promise of rebuilding the U.S. military, including growing the Army to 540,000 active-duty troops and
building up forces in Europe and Asia. “I am going to make our military so big, so powerful, so strong,
that nobody—absolutely nobody—is going to mess with us,” he said. But he also vowed to enforce
smarter spending. “A lot of the equipment that we get in the military is not the equipment that the gen-
erals want,” he said, describing how companies used political pressure to influence decisions on what
is purchased with military dollars. He also talked about making allies pay more for common defense.

November 11
Secretary of the Army Eric Fanning invites
people with computer talent to “Hack the
Army.” Modeled after an earlier DoD pro-
gram, the idea is to offer a cash reward for
finding bugs and vulnerabilities in Army
websites.
The focus will be on publicly accessible
websites, hackers must register, and sol-
diers and Army civilians will be eligible to
receive the bug bounty. Turning to hack-
ers for help is smart, Fanning says. “We are
looking for new ways of doing business,”
he says. “We’re not agile enough to keep up
iStock/scyther5

with a number of things that are happen-

ing in the tech world and in other places
outside the Department of Defense.”

November 16
The 2017 Index of U.S. Military Power released by the Heritage Foundation ranks the U.S. Army as “weak”
and the other services as “marginal.” The Army ranking largely results from having 32 brigade combat
teams when the conservative think tank believes 50 are required to fight in two major regional conflicts.
It also ranks the Army as weak in terms of readiness because only about a third of Regular Army brigade
combat teams are considered ready for action. “Actual readiness” is “likely dangerously close to nearing a
state of ‘very weak,’ ” the report says.
“The Army has continued to trade end strength and modernization for improved readiness for current
operations. However, accepting risks in these areas has enabled the Army to keep only one-third of its force
at acceptable levels of readiness, and even for units deployed abroad, the Army has had to increase its reli-
ance on contracted support to meet maintenance requirements,” the report says.
Budget cuts have disproportionately hurt combat units, the report says. “A 16 percent reduction in total
end strength has led to a 32 percent reduction in the number of brigade combat teams and similar reduc-
tions in the number of combat aviation brigades. In summary, the Army is smaller, older and weaker, a
condition that is unlikely to change in the near future.”

76 ARMY ■ October 2017

Photo: Courtesy IDF
 November 29
A groundbreaking is held at Fort Gordon, Ga., for a new headquarters for the U.S.
Army Cyber Command. Full construction will take about 2½ years to complete an
operations, command-and-control center in one phase, followed by a home for
cyber protection teams.
“Today marks a major leap forward on the road to achieving greater readiness,
resilience and strength for Army cyber operations,” says Lt. Gen. Paul Nakasone,
commanding general of Cyber Command and Second Army. “This facility will
build on the tremendous momentum the Army has generated in cyberspace over
the last six years.”
Fort Gordon was chosen as the headquarters of the Cyber Command in 2013,
consolidating units dispersed at the Pentagon and military bases around the na-
tion’s capital region into a single location. The Georgia base is also home to the
Army’s Signal Center and Signal Corps, which manage its electronic communica-
tions, and a branch of the National Security Agency.
U.S. Army

This image depicts the new headquarters for the U.S. Army Cyber Command and Second Army at Fort Gordon, Ga.

November 30
The Army announces the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 3rd Infantry Division
will convert from an infantry unit to an armored unit. This involves about 4,200
soldiers in a move intended to better posture the Army for future operations.
The transition will bring the team 87 M1A1 Abrams tanks, 138 Bradley fighting
vehicles, 18 M109 howitzers and more than 200 armored vehicles. It will remain
based at Fort Stewart, Ga.
With the conversion, the Army will have 15 armored brigade combat teams—10
in the Regular Army and five in the Army National Guard.

78 ARMY ■ October 2017

December 2016
U.S. Army/Sgt. Jose A. Torres Jr.

December 8
The deployment of 6,100 soldiers is announced. The 3rd Brigade Combat Team from
the 1st Cavalry Division, stationed at Fort Hood, Texas, will deploy about 3,800 soldiers
to Kuwait, relieving the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Armored Division. The 1st
Armored Division’s 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team from Fort Bliss, Texas, will deploy
to Afghanistan with a force of about 1,500. Also headed to Afghanistan are 800 soldiers
of the 16th Combat Aviation Brigade, stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.

80 ARMY ■ October 2017


West Point cadets celebrate at M&T
Bank Stadium after the U.S. Military
Academy Black Knights’ victory over the
U.S. Naval Academy’s football team.
December 10
The U.S. Military Academy Black Knights end
a 14-game losing streak against the U.S. Na-
val Academy, winning by a score of 21-17 in
front of a capacity crowd at M&T Bank Sta-
dium in Baltimore.
It was a come-from-behind victory. Army
led 14-0 at halftime but was plagued by turn-
overs, allowing the midshipmen to hold a 17-
14 advantage in the fourth quarter. Led by ju-
nior quarterback Ahmad Bradshaw, the Black
Knights put together an 80-yard, 12-play
drive that ended with Bradshaw scoring on a
9-yard run. “It was a great feeling,” Bradshaw
says after the game. “It just felt amazing.”
The last time Army beat Navy was in 2001.
“We just started a new streak,” says Army
third-year head coach Jeff Monken, calling it
a win “for guys who are in foxholes right now
around the world.”
“All of our soldiers, all over the world, are
celebrating right now,” says Lt. Gen. Robert
Caslen, the U.S. Military Academy superinten-
dent.
December 12
The U.S. Army Reserve is working on a new
concept called Ready Force X that would
have some units at a higher state of readiness
because their capabilities would be quickly
needed in a major contingency operation.
Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey, the Army Reserve
chief, says aviation, civil affairs, intelligence,
medical and sustainment units could be
ready to deploy in a hurry.
“Instead of planning for a unit deploying
sometime in 2019 and have several years to
prepare, we are now in a situation where we
have some capabilities that we may need to
deploy in less than 90 days and, in some cases,
significantly less than 90 days,” Luckey says
during a breakfast with the Defense Writers’
Group.
He estimates about 20,000–25,000 Army
Reserve soldiers would be part of the quick de-
ployment initiative. He cautions that there is a
balancing act for reserve component soldiers,
who need to be trained and ready but cannot
concentrate so much on Army demands that
they are unable to hold down a civilian job.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 81
 December 16
Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, U.S. Army Europe commander, is on hand to greet
the arrival of tracked and wheeled vehicles to a humidity-controlled storage
space in Eygelshoven, Netherlands, as part of an effort to build up forces.
U.S. Embassy The Hague

Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, commander of U.S. Army Europe, speaks at a new pre-positioned stocks facility in the Netherlands.

December 19
Billionaire and Florida Panthers owner Vincent Viola, a 1977 graduate of the U.S. Mili-
tary Academy, is nominated by President-elect Donald Trump to be secretary of the
Army. A former infantry officer and Ranger, Viola funded creation of the Combating
Terrorism Center after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and has been outspoken about prepar-
ing for cyberwarfare. In addition to owning the National Hockey League team, he is
founder and owner of an electronic trading company, Virtu Financial. Trump calls him
an “incredibly accomplished and selfless individual.”
“Whether it is his distinguished military service or highly impressive track record in
the world of business, Vinnie has proved throughout his life that he knows how to be a
leader and deliver major results in the face of any challenge,” Trump says.
“If confirmed, I will work tirelessly to provide our president with the land force he will
need to accomplish any mission in support of his national defense strategy,” Viola says
in a statement, pledging that his primary focus will be “ensuring that America’s soldiers
have the ways and means to fight and win across the full spectrum of conflict.”

82 ARMY ■ October 2017

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 December 23
President Barack Obama signs the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, which among other
things brings an end to the drawdown in Army troop levels. It not only stops but slightly reverses the reduction in
Army personnel strength. The Regular Army strength limit is set at 476,000, which is 16,000 more than previously
planned. The new law also adds 8,000 soldiers to the Army National Guard and 4,000 soldiers to the Army Re-
serve. Also included is a 2.1 percent basic pay increase, ending a five-year string of having military raises that are
less than the average private-sector pay increase. At its peak in 2010, the Regular Army stood at 570,000 soldiers.
Army officials plan to raise Regular Army accessions to 68,000 for the year, an increase of 6,000 over previous
plans, by increasing prior-service enlistments, expanding eligibility for enlistment bonuses and providing more
opportunities for two-year active-duty enlistments.
Included in the bill is a restructuring of Tricare health benefits, with new out-of-pocket fees expected to take
effect in 2018 for new service members while grandfathering existing soldiers and retirees. It also elevates the
U.S. Cyber Command to a unified combatant command. And it requests a study about whether women should
be subject to Selective Service System registration.
The $619 billion authorization includes about $3.2 billion more than the Obama administration had requested.

December 27
As if the win over Navy isn’t enough for the Black Knights, the U.S. Military Academy’s football team wins the
Zaxby’s Heart of Dallas Bowl with a fourth-and-goal touchdown in overtime. The 3-yard run by Jordan Ashberry
gives Army a 38-31 victory in a game where they did just what you’d expect of future Army officers—gain 480
yards on the ground. The team finishes the season with an 8-5 record, its best season in 20 years.
U.S. Army/Michelle Eberhart

The U.S. Military Academy

Black Knights defeat
North Texas 38-31 in over-
time in the Zaxby’s Heart
of Dallas Bowl.

84 ARMY ■ October 2017

 January 3
A new grooming directive al-
lows religiously observant Sikh
soldiers to wear turbans or hijabs
while in uniform and for men to
have beards. They’ll need to get
permission at the brigade level.
January 2017
Helmets and other protective
gear must still be worn during
deployment and training under
the new policy. “Our goal is to
balance soldier readiness and
safety with the accommodation
of our soldiers’ faith practices,
and this latest directive allows us
to do that,” an Army spokesman
says in a written statement. U.S. Army/Robert Timmons

New grooming standards allow soldiers such as Spc. Harpal Singh to

wear turbans and beards.

January 10
The Army Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., gives the Joint Tactical Aerial
Resupply Vehicle a test, something that sounds a lot more exciting if you know the vehicle is
a hoverbike with the potential of delivering soldiers and supplies to the battlefield at 60 mph
or more. The tested vehicle, a quadcopter, carries up to 300 pounds, but researchers believe a
payload of 800 pounds could be delivered up to 125 miles away in less than 30 minutes with
some improvements.

Army researchers say it’s pos-

U.S. Army/Monica Wood

sible that a quadcopter like this

one carrying a small package
eventually may be able to
quickly deliver a payload of
800 pounds.

86 ARMY ■ October 2017

January 17
The 35-year prison sentence for former intelligence analyst Pvt. Chelsea Manning is commuted by President
Barack Obama. Manning served seven years of the sentence imposed in 2013 after being convicted of leaking
classified information. Release had not been scheduled until 2045.
At a press conference, Obama says he felt Manning had received a sentence “very disproportionate relative to
what other leakers had received.” Manning, born a male, changed gender in prison by receiving hormone treat-
ments for gender dysphoria. She was appealing the dishonorable discharge that was part of the 2013 conviction.

January 18
Eric Fanning ends his 248 days as the 22nd secretary
of the Army and the first openly gay service secretary,
saying the job had been “the honor of my lifetime.”
“Administrations change and threats to our na-
tion’s interests evolve, but it is your deep commit-
ment to preserving and defending our Constitution
that endures,” Fanning says in a farewell message
U.S. Army/Sean Kimmons

to soldiers, Army civilians and family members. “It

Eric Fanning spent 248 days as secretary of
the Army.
is your service and sacrifice that safeguard our free-
doms and provide opportunities for our people and
nation to thrive.”
“We were really privileged to have Eric Fanning as
secretary of the Army,” says Army Chief of Staff Gen.
Mark A. Milley. “It is a sad day for all of us in the Army.”

January 19
After a long and contentious search, the Army picks
Sig Sauer’s Modular Handgun System as the re-
placement for the M9 Beretta. Beretta, Glock, Smith
& Wesson and other gunmakers were part of the Sig Sauer
competition.
“By maximizing full and open competition across
our industry partners, we have opti-
mized private-sector advancements
in handguns, ammunition and maga-
zines and the end result will ensure
a decidedly superior weapon system
for our warfighters,” says Army acqui-
sition executive Steffanie Easter. “I am
tremendously proud of the Modular
Handgun System team.”
Designated the M17, the Sig Sauer P320 is a modular
system. It is ambidextrous, according to Popular Mechanics,
and has adaptable parts such as grips for different hand sizes. The 10-year
contract is worth up to $580 million to purchase up to 280,000 pistols. Sig
Sauer says the firearms will be manufactured in New Hampshire. The Sig Sauer M17
The M17 is slightly lighter than the M9 it replaces, and is striker-fired rather is the Army’s new
than hammer-fired. handgun of choice.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 87

 January 20
The U.S. Army is front and center during the inauguration of President Donald Trump as he is
sworn in at the West Front of the U.S. Capitol. As they have since 1953, the U.S. Army Caisson Pla-
toon of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) leads the inaugural parade because the
Army is the nation’s oldest and largest service and because Continental Army veterans escorted
George Washington up the steps of Federal Hall in New York City to his first inauguration in 1789.
More than 5,000 active-duty service members take part in Trump’s inauguration. The new
commander in chief and first lady Melania Trump speak to soldiers in Afghanistan via a video
link during the Salute to Our Armed Services Ball.
“You are amazing people,” Trump says, “and I like the fact you all voted for me.”
Army Staff Sgt. Jose Medina, a 29-year-old who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan, got to
dance with Melania Trump during the ball. “Back home in Puerto Rico, I’m a hot celebrity now,”
says Medina, a human relations specialist assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company,
4th Battalion, 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard).
DoD/Sgt. Kalie Jones

Newly inaugurated President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump appear at the Salute to Our Armed Services Ball. With them is
Army Staff Sgt. Jose Medina, who danced with Melania Trump during the ball.

88 ARMY ■ October 2017

 February 1
The Infantry School at Fort Benning, Ga., welcomes women for the first time to its class of
11X basic trainees more than a year after DoD lifted the ban on women serving in combat
jobs. The 11X designation allows enlistees to attend Infantry One Station Unit Training, a
February 2017
14-week course combining basic and infantry training. The U.S. Army Recruiting Command
reports that as of Jan. 31, 145 women had shipped to infantry branch training, 164 to com-
bat engineering and 90 to cannon crewmember training, with close to 175 more women
going to other combat arms branches.

U.S. Army/Patrick A. Albright

A soldier begins her first day of Infantry One Station Unit Training at Fort Benning, Ga.

February 3
Vincent Viola, President Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of the Army, withdraws his
name for the post after concluding it would be too difficult to untangle himself from his
business ties. Viola was one of the first nominations Trump issued Jan. 20, the day he was
inaugurated.

90 ARMY ■ October 2017

 February 7
Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Daniel B. Allyn tells the House
Armed Services Committee that only three of the Army’s 58
brigade combat teams are capable of immediately joining the
fight in the event of a major conflict. Allyn explains that the
rest would require about 30 days to prepare. Allyn also warns
the committee that only one-fourth of the Army’s combat avi-
ation brigades and half of its division headquarters elements

U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Laura Buchta

are ready to carry out their duties. The shortages, he says, are
due to budget cuts and funding uncertainty.

February 9
An unmanned aircraft launched during a training exercise at
Fort Huachuca, Ariz., is found about 600 miles away in Colo- Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Daniel B. Allyn
rado, The Associated Press reports. Soldiers with the 2nd In- attributes shortages in Army strength to budget
fantry Division’s 14th Brigade Engineer Battalion, 2nd Stryker cuts and funding uncertainty.
Brigade Combat Team, from Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.,
had launched the RQ-7Bv2 Shadow at Fort Huachuca on Feb.
3, according to an Army announcement, which states that
“despite considerable efforts to locate the missing Shadow,
it has not been found and is thought to have disintegrated
upon impact somewhere in the local area.” The $1.5 million
Shadow was stuck in a tree and missing a wing when it was
found by a hiker in the mountains west of Denver.
U.S. Army

An RQ-7Bv2 Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System in flight.

February 10
Retired Army Lt. Gen. Harold “Hal” Moore, co-author of We Were Soldiers Once ... and Young, dies at his home
in Auburn, Ala., at the age of 94. His battalion’s role in the Battle of Ia Drang during the Vietnam War was
the subject of the book co-written with journalist Joseph L. Galloway, and made into a 2002 movie. A career
infantry officer, Moore was a 1945 graduate of West Point and went on to serve in the Korean and Vietnam
wars. He earned a Distinguished Service Cross for heroism during the Battle of Ia Drang. At the time of
the battle, Moore commanded the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile).

October 2017 ■ ARMY 91

 U.S. Army/Elizabeth Fraser

Arlington National Cemetery is in danger of running out of burial capacity.

February 14
Arlington National Cemetery will reach its burial capacity in about
30 years unless the Army makes some tough choices now. The Vir-
ginia cemetery’s report to Congress offers a dire prediction that
veterans of current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and the fight
against terrorism, and those killed in action and recipients of the
Medal of Honor, may not be buried there “within approximately
three decades due to the lack of space.” Options to avoid reaching
capacity include redefining eligibility criteria, expansion beyond the
cemetery’s current physical boundaries, and alternative approaches
such as new burial techniques or increased use of above-ground
interment.

February 16
The Army announces plans to create the first of six security force as-
sistance brigades at Fort Benning, Ga. The brigades are the Army’s
first permanent units dedicated to assisting partner nations with
building and training their own security forces, a mission carried
out for more than a decade by the Army’s brigade combat teams.
The new brigades are expected to alleviate the strain on the brigade
combat teams and provide career opportunities for NCOs and of-
ficers. The first new brigades are slated to begin training in October.

92 ARMY ■ October 2017

 February 20
President Donald Trump chooses Lt. Gen. H.R. Mc-
Master as national security advisor to replace retired
Lt. Gen. Michael T. Flynn, who resigned from the po-
sition a week earlier. McMaster, a 1984 graduate of
West Point, commanded the 3rd Armored Cavalry
Regiment in Iraq in a successful counterinsurgency
fight, served as commanding general of the Maneu-
ver Center of Excellence at Fort Benning, Ga., and
was director of the Combined Joint Interagency Task
Force-Shafafiyat in Kabul, Afghanistan. In 1997, Mc-

AUSA/Luc Dunn
Master authored Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson,
Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies
That Led to Vietnam, a book critical of the American
strategy in the Vietnam War that was met with criti- Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster is named national
cal acclaim, and scorn, by Army leaders. security advisor.
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Tamika Dillard

An Army AH-64 Apache helicopter is unloaded from an Air Force C-5M Galaxy at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, for Operation Atlantic Resolve.

February 22
Four of the Army’s most lethal attack helicopters from Fort Bliss, Texas, arrive at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, in support of
Operation Atlantic Resolve. The Apache AH-64s were transported in two Air Force C-5M Galaxy aircraft. “We must be able
to rapidly deploy a unit at a moment’s notice to deter any potential aggressions in today’s ever-changing environment,”
Brig. Gen. Phillip S. Jolly, U.S. Army Europe’s deputy commanding general for mobilization and reserve affairs, says.

94 ARMY ■ October 2017

 February 24
A military judge allows a criminal case against Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl to continue de-
spite a flurry of negative comments about the soldier by then-presidential candidate
Donald Trump during campaign speeches before the 2016 presidential election. Col.
Jeffery Nance rules that Trump’s calling Bergdahl a traitor and saying he should be
shot had not tainted the case nor amounted to unlawful command influence. Berg-
dahl walked away from his post in Afghanistan in 2009 and was captured and de-
tained by the Taliban for five years. He was released in a prisoner swap brokered by
the Obama administration and later accused of endangering fellow troops. His at-
torneys had said he would be unable to get a fair trial because of Trump’s comments.
U.S. Army/Sgt. Christopher Prows

Army aviators assist Navy crewmen during training at Moses Lake, Wash.

February 24
The Army releases a draft white paper titled “Multi-Domain Battle: Combined Arms for
the 21st Century” that describes an approach for ground combat operations against
a sophisticated peer-enemy threat in the time frame between 2025 and 2040. The
document is drafted following a meeting among high-level Army and Marine Corps
officers focused on how capabilities of a joint force can be leveraged and modernized
to meet the challenges of multidomain battle.
Recognizing the U.S. military’s comparative advantage and capacity to fight an
increasingly sophisticated adversary in all domains are diminished, the paper is
intended to promote discussion on solutions to overcome the problem. It is also
intended to provide insights to address current capability gaps, inform the devel-
opment of a warfighting concept for the future, and drive experimentation and re-
finement of these solutions.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 95

 March 8
Lt. Gen. Joseph Anderson, the Army deputy chief of staff for operations, tells Congress that
2,500 troops will be sent to a staging base in Kuwait to support personnel on duty in Iraq and
Syria. Anderson says the soldiers will be “postured to do all things Mosul, Raqqa, all in between.”
March 2017
U.S. Army

In the Western Pacific, a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense interceptor is launched.

March 8
A shortage of ammunition for some of the Army’s key weapons systems could affect the ser-
vice’s ability to respond to an unexpected contingency, the Army deputy chief of staff for lo-
gistics tells members of Congress. “Today, I think we have adequate munitions for our known
requirements; however, if we had to surge, if we had a contingency operation, and there con-
tinue to be emerging threats around the world, I am very concerned with our current stocks of
munitions,” Lt. Gen. Aundre Piggee testifies at a hearing of the House Armed Services Commit-
tee’s readiness panel. He lists the Patriot, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense and Hellfire mis-
siles, as well as precision guided kits for Excalibur 155 mm artillery rounds, as being of concern.

96 ARMY ■ October 2017

March 16
President Donald Trump asks Congress for an immediate $30 billion increase in defense spending that
includes $8.2 billion more for the Army. The request is an amendment to the fiscal 2017 budget and calls
for a $576 billion base defense budget, $25 billion more than requested by the Obama administration,
and $70 billion in the overseas contingency budget, $5 billion more than the Obama request.
For the Army, the base budget increase would be $107 million for personnel, $2.1 billion in operations
and maintenance, $4.1 billion in procurement, $349 million for research and development and $51 mil-
lion in military construction.  The overseas contingency operation increase for the Army includes $188
million in operations and maintenance, $333 million for procurement and $11 million for construction.

March 17
The Army releases an updated Visual Signals
field manual. It is the first time in 30 years
the manual is updated. The most immediate
difference in the updated manual is the use
of clearer, digitally produced sketches of a
soldier wearing a modern helmet, eye pro-
tection and gloves, compared with the 1987
manual sketches featuring a mustachioed
soldier with bare hands and an old-school
helmet. The section on “ground forces” is
now called “dismounted operations,” and
“armored and mechanized unit” hand sig-
nals are now referred to as “ground vehicle”
hand signals.

March 21
It may not replace cookies and milk, but the
Performance Readiness Bar, a bedtime snack
for basic trainees, is announced by the U.S.
Army Research Institute of Environmental
Medicine. The bar is aimed at boosting cal-
cium and vitamin D levels to keep trainees
from being vulnerable to fracture. The snack,
U.S. Army/Gregory Ripps

developed by the Military Nutrition Division,

is later showcased at a DoD Lab Day. Distri-
bution to the Army’s four basic training loca-
tions is to take place through 2018.
“Trainees don’t get a lot of treats during
basic training, and since this bar is made of A soldier uses hand signals to communicate during training at
Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston.
chocolate, we know compliance won’t be
an issue,” says Maj. Kayla Ramotar, dietitian
with the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine
Command. “It’s a lot more enticing than hav-
ing to swallow a bunch of pills.”

October 2017 ■ ARMY 97

 U.S. Army

This graphic appears on the Army’s social media policy website, www.army.mil/socialmedia.

March 22
The Army strictly prohibits hazing, bullying and other behaviors that undermine the dignity and respect
of soldiers and Army civilians, Maj. Gen. Jason Evans tells the House Armed Services Committee during a
hearing to discuss the military’s social media policies. The hearing is held in the wake of a photo-sharing
scandal involving compromising images of female Marines.
Evans, director of military personnel management for the Army, tells the committee that the Army’s
2-year-old social media policy has been updated to include more direction about online conduct. Ad-
ditionally, a social media handbook has been developed by Army public affairs encouraging soldiers
to use a “think, type, post” approach to using online sharing sites, and a letter signed by the Army’s top
leadership emphasizing dignity and respect as part of Army values was issued in mid-March.

March 29
Iran  increasingly poses a threat to U.S. interests
through its “destabilizing role” in the Middle East,
Gen. Joseph Votel, commander of the U.S. Central
Command, tells members of the House Armed
Services Committee. He describes Iran’s behavior
as provocative, citing cyber activities, the use of
surrogate forces and “lethal aid facilitation.”
As head of Central Command, Votel oversees
more than 80,000 troops on land, sea and air in
the Middle East and Central Asia, as well as opera-
tions to defeat the Islamic State group in Iraq and
Syria and the Taliban in Afghanistan. The U.S., he
DoD/Sgt. 1st Class Clydell Kinchen

says, should “look at opportunities where we can

The U.S. Central Command commander, Gen. Joseph Votel, says Iran’s
behavior in the Middle East is increasingly provocative.
disrupt [Iran’s activities] through military means
or other means.”
“We must make sure that we are postured for
purpose in this region,” Votel says. “We must have
a credible, ready and present force,” he says, add-
ing that in 2016 there were 300 incidents where
Iran harassed U.S. military and other vessels in in-
ternational waters off its coast.

98 ARMY ■ October 2017

 A chief warrant
officer with the
82nd Airborne
Division’s 82nd
Combat Aviation
Brigade inspects his
UH-60 Black Hawk
helicopter before
takeoff.
U.S. Army/Sgt. Steven Galimore

March 29
A “significant inventory gap” of Regular Army
aviation warrant officers is identified in testimony
before Congress and attributed largely to seven
years of strained funding.
Compounding the Army’s aviator shortage is an
increase in the number of retirement-eligible pilots
and aggressive recruiting campaigns in the com-
mercial aviation sector that are attracting warrant
officers with higher pay and adjusted entry require-
ments, Maj. Gen. Erik Peterson, Army Aviation di-
rector, tells the House Armed Services Committee’s
subcommittee on military personnel.
Reduced budgets have resulted in reduced
training opportunities as available funds have
gone to paying for short-term operational priori-
ties. Aviation warrant officer attrition rates have
been around 7 percent over the past decade but
are now approaching 9 percent, and more than 25
percent of warrants are retirement-eligible, Peter-
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Armando R. Limon

son says.

A soldier from the 25th Infantry Division at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii,
tries on a pair of new boots designed for tropical environments.
March 31
Soldiers assigned to the 25th Infantry Division’s
3rd Brigade Combat Team at Schofield Barracks,
Hawaii, receive new equipment for testing, includ-
ing a jungle combat boot and other gear designed
for the Pacific region’s tropical environment.

100 ARMY ■ October 2017

 April 5
The repeated failure of Congress to pass a budget that would give the military full
funding prompts the Army’s chief of staff to scold members of the House Armed Ser-
vices Committee, and to harshly dismiss a suggestion by one lawmaker that he be-
come accustomed to temporary funding as a “new normal” at the Pentagon.
“Failure to pass the budget, in my view as an American citizen and the chief of staff
of the United States Army, constitutes professional malpractice,” Gen. Mark A. Milley
tells committee members, admonishing them that without full and predictable fund-
ing by the end of the month, the consequence would “ultimately result in dead Ameri-
cans on the future battlefield” and threaten U.S. national security.
Milley testifies that the demands of current operations, sustaining readiness and
modernizing the Army to ensure capability and lethality require “predictable and con-
sistent funding at levels commensurate with the current and contingency operating
plans.” Anything to the contrary, he says, will result in “significant negative impacts to
current and future readiness and a reversal of progress towards reducing an already
high military risk.” A return to arbitrary budget caps, he warns, would “reverse gains we
have made to improve readiness, risking a hollow Army.”
April 2017
Architect of the Capitol

April 7
Retired Lt. Col. Mark Green, a Tennessee state senator and former special operations
flight surgeon, is named by President Donald Trump as the next Army secretary. A 1986
West Point graduate, Green is recognized for his role in the capture of former Iraqi dic-
tator Saddam Hussein, whom he interviewed for six hours in December 2003 on the
night of his capture, the subject of a book Green later wrote titled A Night with Saddam.

102 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Capt. Michael Rose,
left, and Master Sgt.
Josh Horsager of the
75th Ranger Regiment
capture first place
in the 2017 David E.
Grange Jr. Best Ranger
competition.
U.S. Army

April 9
A duo from the 75th Ranger Regiment snags first place in the annual David E. Grange Jr. Best Ranger
Competition, a grueling three-day event that takes place at Fort Benning, Ga. Capt. Michael Rose and
Master Sgt. Josh Horsager beat out 52 other two-man teams for the win.

April 11
The Army releases a new version of Field Manual 3-12: Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations.
Superseding the same manual published just three years earlier, the new manual addresses the rapidly
changing cyber environment and recognizes the need for U.S. capabilities to continue to dominate.
“As adversary and enemy capabilities grow, our ability to dominate cyberspace and the [electromag-
netic spectrum] will become more complex and critical to mission success,” Maj. Gen. John B. Morrison,
commander of the U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence, says in the manual’s introductory letter.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 103

 April 17
Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley sounds the alarm about the Army’s growing need to step
up its cyber capabilities, telling members of the House Armed Services Committee that the lack
of reliable funding could see the Army losing ground against its adversaries.
Significant damage can be done to America’s adversaries through the use of cyber, but cyber
also is available to the enemy, so it’s “really important that we as a military, and the Army’s play-
ing its role, develop both offensive and defensive cyber capabilities,” Milley says. He points to the
continuing resolution as having a negative impact on the Army’s ability to grow the U.S. Army
Cyber Command and hire the right people.
“The impact of the continuing resolution means that we’re not going to be able to finish the
facilities at Fort Gordon,” Milley says, referring to the Cyber Center of Excellence at Fort Gordon,
Ga. “It means,” he continues, “that the National Guard is not going to be able to field their cyber-
protection teams—their defense teams for the National Guard. And we will not be able to continue
the level of training that we need to do for the teams that are already formed in the Regular Army.”
U.S. Army/Spc. Anthony Bryant

4th Infantry Division soldiers prepare for a mission during Operation Raider Focus in Colorado.

April 18
More than 1,200 vehicles and 5,750 soldiers begin a convoy down the Colorado interstate in a
rare road trip to launch a two-week exercise at the Army’s Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site. Called
Operation Raider Focus, the training includes convoys of military vehicles and equipment, in-
cluding 325 Stryker armored vehicles from the 4th Infantry Division’s 1st Stryker Brigade Combat
Team making a 140-mile road trip instead of moving many vehicles by rail. The large-scale move-
ment was to be an opportunity for logisticians to practice with a long-range mission, says Maj.
Kevin Boyd, the brigade public affairs officer.
It is also an opportunity for soldiers to prove their ability to operate safely in a convoy alongside
civilian traffic, he says. The vehicles depart Fort Carson from two different gates in groups of 25
vehicles every 30 minutes, and the tracked vehicles and heavy mobile gun systems move by rail.
More than 5,000 soldiers from the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team and other Fort Carson units are
joined by about 750 soldiers from units at Fort Sill, Okla.; Fort Bragg, N.C.; and Fort Hood, Texas, for the
movement from Fort Carson to Piñon Canyon along I-25.

104 ARMY ■ October 2017

 April 25
The White House nominates Lt. Gen.
James McConville, deputy chief of staff
for personnel, for promotion to four-
U.S. Army

star general and assignment as the 36th

vice chief of staff of the Army.
Then-Lt. Gen. James McConville.

April 27
The deployment of 5,700 soldiers to
Afghanistan and Europe is announced
by the Army. Approximately 1,500 sol-
diers from the 82nd Airborne’s 1st Bri-
gade Combat Team and another 200
soldiers from the 3rd Infantry Division’s
headquarters element receive orders
for summer and fall deployments to
support Operation Freedom’s Sentinel
in Afghanistan. Some 4,000 soldiers
from the 1st Infantry Division’s 2nd Ar-
mored Brigade Combat Team are slated
to deploy in the fall to replace the 3rd
Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th
Infantry Division, in Europe as part of a
regular rotation in support of Operation
Atlantic Resolve.
U.S. Army/Capt. Scott Walters

Pvt. Joel Perez of the 4th Infantry Division

clears a building during a live-fire exercise
at Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany.

106 ARMY ■ October 2017

 May 1
Army veteran and creator of the GI Joe action figure, Stanley Weston, dies in Los Angeles at age 84.

New York National Guard/Col. Richard Goldenberg

GI Joe action figures

on display at the
New York State
Military Museum in
May 2017

Saratoga Springs.

May 3
The Army announces that soldiers in the 101st Airborne
Division (Air Assault) will be the first to receive the service’s
new Sig Sauer M17 modular handgun, which replaces the
Beretta M9 9 mm pistol used by the Army for more than
U.S. Army/Capt. Charlie Emmons

30 years. The M17 can change caliber size, frame size and
grip. The pistols will be able to receive silencers and have
standard and extended capacity magazines.

A 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) soldier fires a Sig Sauer pistol
during training in 2015 in Afghanistan.

108 ARMY ■ October 2017

 May 5
The Army marks the 10th anni-
versary of the Warrior Transition
Brigade-National Capital Region,
a unit stood up in 2007 at the old
Walter Reed Army Medical Center
in Washington, D.C., to focus at-
tention on the needs of wounded
warriors and their families. Now lo-
cated at the Walter Reed National
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Austin L. Thomas

Military Medical Center in Bethesda,

Md., the brigade has helped more
than 5,400 soldiers and thousands
more receive care at 14 Warrior
Transition Units around the coun-
try and overseas.

Wounded warrior Capt. Luis Avila sings during a celebration of the 10-year anniversary of the
Warrior Transition Brigade-National Capital Region.

May 5
Tennessee State Sen. Mark Green, a retired Army officer and
former special operations surgeon, becomes the second
White House nominee for Army secretary to withdraw his
name from consideration. His retreat follows relentless pro-
tests from human rights advocates and LGBT groups for his
conservative views on sexuality, evolution and Islam. Green
calls the statements “false and misleading attacks” and in a
written statement says meeting the challenges of overseeing
the Army could not be done with such distractions. President
Donald Trump’s first Army secretary pick, billionaire Vincent
Viola, also withdrew his name, citing the difficulties he would
face in untangling his business ties.

May 9
Retired Master Sgt. Wilburn Ross, an Army machine gunner
who received the Medal of Honor for single-handedly fighting
back eight German counterattacks during a World War II battle
in France, dies at age 94 in Tacoma, Wash. On Oct. 30, 1944, as a
20-year-old private serving with the 3rd Infantry Division, Ross
manned the machine gun that held off the enemy through
repeated assaults over 36 hours in a battle near St. Jacques,
France. As he held his position and forced the Germans to with-
draw, a wounded Army first lieutenant observed his actions
U.S. Army

and wrote the citation that earned Ross the Medal of Honor.
Ross, a native of Strunk, Ky., stayed in the Army 20 more years,
surviving serious wounds received in the Korean War. Medal of Honor recipient retired Master Sgt. Wilburn Ross.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 109

 May 17
The Army confirms that Chelsea Manning, formerly Pvt. Bradley Manning, is released from
the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., after serving seven years of her
35-year sentence for leaking classified documents to WikiLeaks.

May 19
The Army’s first gender-integrated Infantry One Station Unit Training class graduates at
Fort Benning, Ga. The 14-week course conducted by the 198th Infantry Brigade’s Company
A, 1st Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment, includes basic training, followed by five weeks of
training in infantry tactics. Of the 137 graduates who become infantrymen, 18 are women,
the first to go through the course after DoD lifted the ban on women in combat jobs more
than a year earlier. All the infantry soldier candidates had to throw a hand grenade 35
meters, shoot a minimum of 23 out of 40 targets to qualify on their weapons, navigate 12
miles carrying 68 pounds on their bodies, pass the physical fitness test and run 5 miles in
45 minutes or less. Company A’s training cycle began with 149 males and 32 females.
U.S. Army/Patrick Albright

Soldiers of the 198th Infantry Brigade during One Station Unit Training at Fort Benning, Ga.

110 ARMY ■ October 2017

 May 19
The Army announces the summer deployment of approxi-
mately 4,000 soldiers to Korea and the Middle East. The 1st
Cavalry Division’s 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team at
Fort Hood, Texas, is to deploy to South Korea as part of a
regular rotation of forces to replace the 1st Infantry Divi-
sion’s 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team. Another 250
soldiers from III Corps headquarters are slated to deploy
to Kuwait in support of Combined Joint Task Force-
Operation Inherent Resolve, the global coalition to de-
feat the Islamic State group.

May 25

oD
D
Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley tells the Senate Armed
Services Committee that undermanning is the most pressing issue
facing the force, expressing his worry that the shortage could lead
to a hollow force. Milley says the top funding priority is increasing the
number of soldiers, a move authorized by Congress last year and now
fully funded with the 2018 budget request.

May 30
Lt. Col. Khallid Shabazz, the former I Corps deputy chaplain, becomes the
Army’s first Muslim chaplain at the division level during a change of stole
ceremony at the Main Chapel on Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.

Lt. Col. Khallid Shabazz, right,

becomes the Army’s first
DoD

division-level Muslim chaplain.

112 ARMY ■ October 2017

 June 2
Fort Hood, Texas, marks the official start of operations at the Army’s largest renewable energy
project, an on-post solar farm with 63,000 solar panels and an off-site wind turbine farm ca-
pable of generating 40 percent of the installation’s energy needs.

June 7
NASA selects Maj. Francisco Rubio, 10th Special Forces Group battalion surgeon, to begin astro-
naut candidate training in August. A 1998 U.S. Military Academy graduate, Rubio was trained
as a Black Hawk pilot, logging more than 1,100 hours over eight years, 600 of which were flown
in combat on deployments to Bosnia, Afghanistan and Iraq. He became a surgeon following
graduation from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and is just the third
member of the Army Astronaut Corps. After astronaut training, it will be as many as eight years
before he goes into space.
“It’s going to be a really cool experience,” he said. “The most inspiring thing about it is that
it’s almost universally supported in our country … you know you’re inspiring other people.”
June 2017

Maj. Francisco Rubio, M.D.,

NASA

is the third member of the

Army Astronaut Corps.

114 ARMY ■ October 2017

 June 9
Army veteran Adam West, known for playing 1960s
superhero Batman on TV, dies in Sun Valley, Idaho,
at age 88.

June 13
The Army announces that former Spc. 5 James
C. McCloughan, a Vietnam combat veteran who
risked his life on nine occasions over 48 hours to
rescue wounded comrades, will receive the Medal
of Honor on July 31.
DoD/Courtesy photo

Then-Pfc. James C. McCloughan at Basic Combat Training in 1968. He

goes on to be named for the Medal of Honor.

June 14
Rep. Brad Wenstrup, R-Ohio, a U.S. Army Reserve surgeon
who served a 12-month tour in Iraq in 2005–06, renders life-
saving first aid to House Majority Whip Rep. Steve Scalise,
R-La., who was shot in Alexandria, Va., along with several
others during practice for a congressional charity baseball
game. Wenstrup, a colonel and podiatrist by training who
fulfills his Reserve duties by treating patients at Walter Reed
National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., says, “I
felt like I was back in Iraq.” The gunman was killed by police
at the scene.
U.S. Congress

Rep. Brad Wenstrup, an Army Reserve surgeon, ‘felt like I was

back in Iraq’ at a shooting in Alexandria, Va.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 115

 Oshkosh Defense

Oshkosh Defense is building

the Army’s new Joint Light
Tactical Vehicle.

June 14
The Army announces that 10th Mountain Division soldiers will be the first to get the Army’s new Joint Light Tactical
Vehicle, set for fielding in early 2019. Built by Oshkosh Defense and designed jointly by the Army and Marine Corps
to replace the aging fleet of Humvees, the JLTV has features that improve survivability, adapt to providing multiple
levels of lethality, and provide superior performance in the roughest terrain. The JLTV will come in two variants: a
two-seater utility version akin to a pickup truck, and a four-door general-purpose version that can be configured as
a heavy-gun carrier for crew-served weapons like the .50-caliber machine gun, or as a close combat weapon carrier
with a tube-launched, optically tracked, wireless-guided (TOW) missile system.

June 15
Force structure allocations are announced by the Army as part of an increase authorized by Congress allowing the
service an end strength of 1.018 million soldiers. The authorized end strength, part of the National Defense Autho-
rization Act, results in a Regular Army force of 476,000, Army National Guard force of 343,000 and a force of 199,000
for the Army Reserve.
The increase allows the Army to retain the 25th Infantry Division’s 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne) at
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska; the 18th Military Police Brigade Headquarters in Europe; the 206th Military
Intelligence Battalion at Fort Hood, Texas; and the 61st Maintenance Company and a combat aviation brigade in
Korea. The Army is also able to continue standing up two security force assistance brigades and the Military Advisor
Training Academy at Fort Benning, Ga., and an aviation training brigade in First Army at Fort Hood.
As a result of the increase, the Army announces plans to station some units overseas, including a field artillery
brigade headquarters with an organic brigade-support battalion headquarters, a signal company and a Multiple
Launch Rocket System battalion; two MLRS battalions with two forward support companies; a short-range air de-
fense battalion; a theater movement control element; a petroleum support company; and an ammunition platoon.

116 ARMY ■ October 2017

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 June 16
Gen. James C. McConville is sworn in as the 36th vice chief of staff of the
Army, succeeding Gen. Daniel B. Allyn, who retires. Previously the deputy
chief of staff for personnel, McConville is a 1981 graduate of the U.S. Mili-
tary Academy and was a National Security Fellow at Harvard University in
2002. He commanded the 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, in Iraq in 2004
and 2005, and was deputy commanding general for support of the 101st
Airborne Division in Afghanistan in 2008 and 2009.
In May 17 testimony before Congress, McConville said, “At the end of
the day, the Army is people.” As the most important asset of the Army,
“We must ensure they have the required resources so they are ready when
called upon.”

June 19
The House Appropriations Committee approves a $924 million Army con-
struction budget for fiscal 2018, $3 million more than requested by the
Trump administration and a dramatic 80 percent more than the Army re-
ceived for fiscal 2017. In approving the budget, the committee asks the
Army to try to improve installation access control points, noting in a report
that more needs to be done to augment the significant safety improve-
ments already carried out across many installations since the terrorist at-
tacks of 9/11.
“The Committee is concerned that many of the Army’s access control
points do not provide adequate controls for traffic flow on and off the in-
stallation,” the committee report states.
U.S. Army/Patrick A. Albright

A House panel’s $924 million Army construction budget includes $28 million for a training facility at Fort Benning, Ga.

118 ARMY ■ October 2017

 As a member of the Association of the United
States Army, you and your family have access
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July 2017
U.S. Army/Sgt. Shiloh Capers

173rd Airborne Brigade soldiers conclude an exercise in the country of Georgia.

July 14
The House of Representatives authorizes a bigger Army with passage
of an almost $700 billion defense policy bill, breaking the Budget Con-
trol Act spending caps to allocate more money to unfunded priorities.
About $4 billion of the added money pays for an increase of 17,000
soldiers: 10,000 in the Regular Army, 4,000 in the Army National Guard
and 3,000 in the Army Reserve. The result would be a Regular Army
of 486,000 soldiers, an Army National Guard of 347,000, and 202,000
Army Reservists, a level that would be achieved by Oct. 1, 2018. The
bill also adds money for armored brigade combat team moderniza-
tion to try to pick up the pace on improvements, and a 2.4 percent
increase in basic pay and drill pay that would take effect Jan. 1.

120 ARMY ■ October 2017

 July 18
A report on the effects of a decade-long pause in the
modernization of the Army’s major land force warns
that the service “currently faces a difficult truth: without
changes to its modernization strategy, the Army risks
losing qualitative tactical overmatch.” Titled “The Army
Modernization Imperative,” the report is published by
the nonpartisan Center for Strategic and International
Studies and puts forth that money alone is not the prob-
lem; rather, the Army should update its modernization
strategy and present a “compelling” case to Congress
with “clear priorities for fulfilling future operational re-
quirements.” Capabilities called for in the report are in
line with those developed by the U.S. Army Training and
Doctrine Command. The authors further suggest priori-
tizing electronic warfare, air and missile defense, cross-
domain fires, advanced protection and logistics.

July 20
The Senate Armed Services Committee approves
former Army captain and combat veteran Ryan D.
McCarthy for undersecretary of the Army. McCar-
thy, who served in the 75th Ranger Regiment dur-
ing the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, was a special
assistant to Defense Secretary Robert Gates from
2006 to 2011 and has legislative, executive branch
U.S. Army/Sgt. Alicia Brand

and defense industry experience.

Ryan D. McCarthy

July 24
The House of Representatives unanimously passes the “Forever GI Bill,” which builds on the post-9/11 GI
Bill and drops the requirement that the benefit be used within 15 years of leaving the service. The Harry W.
Colmery Educational Assistance Act of 2017 is named for a World War I Army Air Service instructor and pilot
who is credited with drafting the GI Bill of Rights at the end of World War II. The bill created not just the ben-
efit that allowed a generation of veterans to attend college but also established on-the-job and vocational
training benefits and the VA Home Loan guaranty program. Testifying before Congress in 1944 about the
law he’d drafted, Colmery said the GI Bill of Rights is “sound national policy” and “for the good of the nation.”

October 2017 ■ ARMY 121

 July 25
President Donald Trump nominates Army veteran and Raytheon executive Mark T. Esper to
be secretary of the Army. A U.S. Military Academy graduate who served 10 years in uniform,
Esper is Trump’s third nominee for the position. The two previous administration nominees
to be secretary of the Army—Vincent Viola and Mark Green—both withdrew from con-
sideration before the Senate Armed Services Committee scheduled confirmation hearings.

July 29
The U.S. Army Chaplain Corps
marks its 242nd anniversary.
The Continental Congress es-
tablished the Chaplain Corps
in 1775, authorizing pay for
one chaplain for each regiment
of the Army. The modern Army
Chaplain Corps includes 3,000
chaplains and 3,000 chaplain
assistants embedded through-
out all three components of
the Army. More than 25,000
chaplains have served in the
Army in every U.S. major war
and engagement. Nearly 300

U.S. Army/Spc. Trevor Wiegel

Army chaplains have died in
battle, and seven have been
awarded the Medal of Honor.

Maj. Gen. Paul K. Hurley, chief of chaplains, left, and Regimental Sgt. Maj. Ralph Martinez of
the U.S. Army Chaplain Corps, center, place a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in
Arlington National Cemetery as part of the ceremonies recognizing 242 years of the corps.

July 31
Vietnam War veteran Spc. 5 James C. McCloughan is presented with the Medal of Honor
in a White House ceremony more than 48 years after risking his life over 48 hours of heavy
fighting to rescue wounded comrades. President Donald Trump, in his first presentation
of the Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest award for valor and gallantry in battle, hails
McCloughan as a hero and thanks him “for what you did for us.” McCloughan “earned his
place among legends,” Trump says. “Today, we pay tribute to a veteran who went above
and beyond the call of duty.”
During the ceremony, McCloughan salutes 10 battle buddies as they are recognized by
Trump, including five veterans whose lives he saved.
McCloughan was drafted at age 23 after completing college and deployed to Vietnam
following basic training at Fort Knox, Ky., and advanced medical training at Fort Sam Hous-
ton, Texas. He was assigned to Company C, 3rd Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, in the
Americal Division’s 196th Light Infantry Brigade when he distinguished himself in battle in
1969 near Tam Ky and Nui Yon Hill.

122 ARMY ■ October 2017

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 August 2
Impressed with the performance of “spider silk” technology, the Army
funds additional research with manufacturer Kraig Biocraft Laboratories
Inc. in an effort to offer greater protection for soldiers. The protein-based
fibers hold “the potential for a lifesaving ballistic-resistant material,
which is lighter, thinner, more flexible, and tougher than steel,” accord-
ing to the company’s website. The first samples of so-called Dragon Silk
were delivered to the Army three months earlier for testing.
August 2017
U.S. Army/Marie Berberea

A Terminal High Altitude Area Defense mobile launcher.

August 3
South Korean President Moon Jae-in reverses a decision to suspend de-
ployment of additional Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile sys-
tems amid increasing aggression from North Korea, including the July 28
launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile. Moon assumed office May
10 and halted deployment of additional launchers June 7, citing environ-
mental concerns and complaints that the presence of the U.S. weapons
might make an attack by North Korea more likely.
In an agreement with South Korea, the Army had deployed the $920
million THAAD antiballistic system earlier in 2017 in response to North
Korea’s nuclear and intermediate-range missile capabilities. That agree-
ment was reached with the previous South Korean president. An envi-
ronmental study being considered signaled the possible delay in de-
ployment of four additional launchers—which had already arrived in
the country—until 2018.

124 ARMY ■ October 2017

 August 8
U.S. Army Reserve 1st Lt. Sam Kendricks captures gold
for his 19-foot, 6.25-inch pole vault in the International
Association of Athletics Federation World Champion-
ships in London. Kendricks, a platoon leader for the
655th Transportation Company in Millington, Tenn.,
won a bronze medal in the Summer Olympics in Rio de
Janeiro the year before. Upon winning the gold at the
world championships, Kendricks took his victory lap
with the American flag draped over his shoulders. He
says in an Army article that as an Army officer, he repre-
sents his nation, unit and family, and does so proudly.

August 14
The Kestrel Eye, a satellite designed to provide electro-

U.S. Army/Tim Hipps

optical images directly to soldiers on the ground, is
blasted into space for deployment and testing. The de-
vice is launched as payload aboard the SpaceX Falcon
9 at Cape Canaveral, Fla., and received by astronauts
at the International Space Station. Spearheading the
U.S. Army Reserve 2nd Lt. Sam Kendricks, shown here after win-
project is a team from the U.S. Army Space and Missile ning bronze in the 2016 Olympics, takes gold at the International
Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command. Association of Athletics Federation World Championships.
The data can be downlinked directly to provide imme-
diate situational awareness to brigade combat teams
in theater without the need for continental U.S. relays,
the Army says.

August 14
Cadet Simone Askew becomes the first
African-American woman to be selected
U.S. Army/2nd Lt. Austin Lachance

first captain of the U.S. Military Acad-

Cadet Simone Askew becomes first captain of West Point’s Corps
of Cadets on Aug. 14.
emy Corps of Cadets, the top position in
West Point’s cadet chain of command,
which is organized as a brigade. As the
senior ranking cadet, Askew is respon-
sible for implementing a class agenda,
leading the Corps of Cadets through the
academic year, and acting as liaison be-
tween the corps and the administration.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 125

 August 15
A 30 mm cannon and Javelin missile launcher for the eight-wheeled Stryker
combat vehicle are rolled out by the Army during a demonstration at Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Md. The upgunned variants are developed by the Stryker Bri-
gade Combat Team project management office based on needs identified by
soldiers with the Germany-based 2nd Cavalry Regiment, who are set to receive
the first prototype in early 2018. In addition to the weapons, the double-hulled
Stryker variant is improved with better suspension, wider tires and rims, a 110-
amp alternator, an in-vehicle electrical network equipped to respond to future
advances in digital equipment, and a 450-horsepower engine.
“This capability that’s coming to 2CR is directly attributable to Russian ag-
gression, and we are actively working with our foreign partners in how to help
shape our formation,” says Lt. Col. Troy Meissel, the regimental deputy com-
mander, who adds that the lethality offered by the Infantry Carrier Vehicle Dra-
goon is one way to help make up for a smaller U.S. presence in Europe.
U.S. Army/Sean Kimmons

A Stryker demonstrates its new 30 mm cannon at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.

August 16
In the wake of violent clashes the previous weekend in Charlottesville, Va., over a statue of Con-
federate Gen. Robert E. Lee, a tweet posted by Army Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Milley reaffirms
the Army’s intolerance for racism and extremist activities. “The Army doesn’t tolerate racism, ex-
tremism, or hatred in our ranks. It’s against our Values and everything we’ve stood for since 1775,”
Milley says in the tweet, adding his voice to those of the chiefs of the military’s other services.

126 ARMY ■ October 2017

 August 21
President Donald Trump unveils a new U.S. policy on Afghanistan that holds the possibility of de-
ployment for an additional 4,000 soldiers. In his televised address to the nation from Joint Base Myer-
Henderson Hall, Va., the president says troop levels in Afghanistan would be left to DoD to decide,
and he expresses frustration with America’s longest war, calling for a new direction that could lead to
its conclusion. Trump announces his intention to leave decision-making to commanders in the field.
“Micromanagement from Washington, D.C., does not win battles. They are won in the field draw-
ing upon the judgment and expertise of wartime commanders and front-line soldiers acting in real
time, with real authority, and with a clear mission to defeat the enemy,” Trump says.
Army National Guard/Lt. Zachary West

In Houston, a Texas National

Guardsman carries a resident
from her home during flooding
caused by Hurricane Harvey.

August 28
The entire Texas National Guard is activated three days after Hurricane Harvey makes landfall in southern Texas. The
storm causes widespread catastrophic flooding at unprecedented levels. The full mobilization by Gov. Greg Abbott
includes about 12,000 soldiers and airmen who are physically able, not currently deployed, preparing to deploy or in
a combat preparation cycle to answer the call for help to assist their fellow Texans. Several states provide immediate
National Guard assistance.
Abbott also receives authorization from Defense Secretary Jim Mattis to establish a Texas National Guard Dual Sta-
tus Command, placing state and federal forces under a single commander. “The Dual Status Command will ensure
that the Texas National Guard is overseeing all response efforts in a way that most closely coordinates with federal
troops and military efforts to ensure the needs of the victims of Hurricane Harvey are being met as swiftly and ef-
fectively as possible,” he says at an Aug. 27 news conference.
Texas National Guardsmen are joined in the search and rescue efforts by 3,000 members of the Texas State Guard as
several days of additional rainfall are forecast. “The Texas National Guard is working closely with [the Federal Emergency
Management Agency] and federal troops to respond urgently to the growing needs of Texans who have fallen victim to
Hurricane Harvey, and the activation of the entire Guard will assist in the efforts already underway,” Abbott says.

128 ARMY ■ October 2017

September 2017 September 1
On his first visit to Europe since taking office, acting Secretary of the Army Ryan D.
McCarthy says the permanent stationing of another brigade combat team is under con-
sideration by the Defense Department as part of a force structure review. Cost is only
part of the equation, he says. It might be cheaper to have other brigades based in Europe
than to continue heel-to-toe rotations, but those rotations are a good way of improving
readiness and having more soldiers take part in training with international partners.
U.S. Navy/Lt. j.g. Egdanis Torres Sierra

Resolute Support Command Sgt. Maj. David M. Clark, left, appears at a graduation at the Afghan National Army
Sergeant Major Academy in Kabul.

September 2
At a warfighter forum in Kabul, Afghanistan, that includes recent graduates of the Afghan Na-
tional Army Sergeant Major Academy, U.S. Army officials stress the importance of NCOs. Maj.
Gen. L. Neil Thurgood, Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan deputy com-
mander, says NCOs are supposed to be the steady, constant leadership and be willing to speak
the truth. They need “the courage to tell your superiors which officer should stay and be re-
moved,” he says. “Your responsibility is to shape the leadership of your army.” Resolute Support
Command Sgt. Maj. David M. Clark says NCOs should “be proud but not satisfied, and don’t
forget what you are fighting for.”

September 6
President Donald Trump and congressional leaders reach a temporary financial agreement to keep
the government running through Dec. 8, acknowledging their inability to pass regular appropria-
tions by the Oct. 1 start of the fiscal year. The agreement covers short-term appropriations for fed-
eral agencies including the Defense Department, an extension of the debt ceiling so the federal
government can make its payroll and pay bills, and a down payment on hurricane relief legislation.
This will mark the ninth consecutive year a continuing resolution has been needed because a regu-
lar defense appropriation bill has not been enacted.

130 ARMY ■ October 2017

 September 7
Members of the 2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, have begun testing the Sig Sauer P320
modular handgun system at Fort Bragg, N.C., but the Army is inviting sailors, airmen and Marines to also take
part. “We wanted to make sure that we have a huge sample to make sure we have got this right, that the Army
has it right,” says Capt. Christina Smith, program manager for individual weapons.
For a full tryout, the Army is pulling soldiers from a variety of units, including infantry, military police, pilots
and crew chiefs. “It is worth it to make sure you get the right product to the right soldier,” says Col. Brian McHugh
of the Army Operational Test Command at Fort Hood, Texas, who is on hand for the testing at Fort Bragg.

September 11
The Total Army team is involved in a massive response to Hurricane Irma, which struck Caribbean islands five
days earlier and is plowing through Florida on a northwestern path taking remnants of the once-Category 5
storm through Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee.
Irma was a Category 5 hurricane as it devastated parts of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, struck the
Florida Keys as a Category 4 storm, hit the mainland as a Category 3 near Marco Island and slowly lost strength.
As it raked up Florida’s Gulf Coast, storm surges, flash flooding and tornados struck throughout the state.
Many of the National Guard and Army Reserve units involved respond to Irma directly from fighting forest
fires in the Western U.S. or from cleanup from Hurricane Harvey, the wettest tropical storm in U.S. history that
struck Texas and Louisiana.
Almost 10,000 soldiers and civilians are employed or available to respond to requests for assistance, with
more than 150 aircraft, 3,400 trucks, 150 boats and 680 generators available. The generators could be ex-
tremely useful as there are massive power outages throughout Florida.
NASA

Hurricane Irma
overwhelms Florida.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 131

 AUSA
AUTHORS’
FORUM
AT THE AUSA ANNUAL MEETING

The AUSA Authors’ Forum, presented by the Insti- MONDAY, 9 OCTOBER

tute of Land Warfare and held during the Annual
Meeting of the Association of the United States AT THE
Army, features presentations by our affiliated au- WALTER E. WASHINGTON
thors of their most recent works. Topics this year CONVENTION CENTER
include the Yom Kippur War, Russian operations
WASHINGTON, D.C.
during World War II, the beginnings of the U.S. Air
Force, the history of the Iraqi Army, and more. In ad-
dition to their presentations, our authors are glad to
ROOM 145-A
answer any questions you might have.
1:00 P.M. TO 5:00 P.M.

PRESENTATIONS BY:
Maj. Gen. Jacob Evan, IDF Ret. (Co-Author) Maj. Gen. David Zabecki, USA Ret. (Co-Editor)
At the Decisive Point in the Sinai: Generalship in the Lossberg’s War: The World War I Memoirs of a German
Yom Kippur War Chief of Staff
Chief of Staff, Vol. 1: The Principal Officers Behind History’s
Richard Harrison, Ph.D. (Editor)
Great Commanders, Napoleonic Wars to World War I
The Budapest Operation: An Operational–Strategic Study
Chief of Staff, Vol. 2: The Principal Officers Behind
The Battle of Kursk: The Red Army’s Defensive Operations
History’s Great Commanders, World War II to Korea
and Counter-Offensive, July–August 1943
and Vietnam
The Isai–Kishinev Operation: The Red Army’s Summer
Offensive Into the Balkans Brig. Gen. Dani Asher, IDF Ret. (Editor)
Inside Israel’s Northern Command: The Yom Kippur War
Brian Laslie, Ph.D. (Author)
on the Syrian Border
Architect of Airpower: General Laurence S. Kuter
and the Birth of the U.S. Air Force Capt. John Nelson Rickard, CAF (Editor)
Forward with Patton: The World War II Diary of Colonel
Col. Pesach Malovany, IDF Ret. (Author)
Robert S. Allen
Wars of Modern Babylon: A History of the Iraqi Army
from 1921 to 2003
 Command
& Staff
U.S. Army/Cpl. William Smith

Members of the Fort Carson

Mounted Color Guard present
the colors during a change of
command ceremony at the
Colorado post.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 133

 Army Secretariat

Hon. Ryan D. McCarthy

Acting Secretary of the Army/Undersecretary of the Army

Office of the Chief of Staff

Gen. Mark A. Milley Gen. James C. McConville

Chief of Staff Vice Chief of Staff

Sgt. Maj. of the Army Daniel A. Dailey Chief Warrant Officer 4 Billy L. Frittz Lt. Gen. Nadja Y. West
Sergeant Major of the Army Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer Surgeon General

Lt. Gen. Charles N. Pede Maj. Gen. Mark S. Inch Maj. Gen. Paul K. Hurley
Judge Advocate General Provost Marshal General Chief of Chaplains

134 ARMY ■ October 2017

 The Army Staff

Lt. Gen. Gary H. Cheek Lt. Gen. Thomas C. Seamands Lt. Gen. Robert P. Ashley Jr. Lt. Gen. Joseph Anderson
Director, Army Staff DCS, G-1 DCS, G-2 DCS, G-3/5/7

Lt. Gen. Aundre F. Piggee Lt. Gen. John M. Murray Lt. Gen. Todd T. Semonite Lt. Gen. Gwen Bingham
DCS, G-4 DCS, G-8 Chief of Engineers ACS, Installation Management

National Guard and Army Reserve

Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel Lt. Gen. Charles D. Luckey Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy
Chief, National Guard Bureau Chief, Army Reserve Director, Army National Guard

Chief Warrant Officer 5 Chief Warrant Officer 5 Pete Panos Command Sgt. Maj. Ted L. Copeland Command Sgt. Maj.
Russell Smith Command Chief Warrant Officer, Command Sergeant Major, Christopher Kepner
Command Chief Warrant Officer, Army National Guard Army Reserve Command Sergeant Major,
Army Reserve Army National Guard

October 2017 ■ ARMY 135

 Army Secretariat Principal and Special Staff

Photo Not
Available

Mr. Thomas E. Kelly III Mr. Gerald B. O’Keefe Lt. Gen. David E. Quantock
Deputy Undersecretary of the Army Administrative Assistant Inspector General
to the Secretary of the Army

Lt. Gen. Edward C. Cardon Lt. Gen. Bruce T. Crawford Lt. Gen. Paul A. Ostrowski Lt. Gen. Thomas A. Horlander
Director, Office of Business Chief Information Officer/G-6, OSA Mil. Dep./Dir., Army Acquisition Mil. Dep. for Budget, OASA
Transformation, OUSA Corps, OASA (ALT) (Financial Mgmt. and Comptroller)

Ms. Anne L. Richards Ms. Karen L. Durham-Aguilera Mr. Tommy L. Marks

Auditor General Executive Director, Army National Director, Small Business Programs
Military Cemeteries

Maj. Gen. Patrick J. Reinert Brig. Gen. (Promotable) Brig. Gen. Omar J. Jones IV
Chairman, Army Reserve Forces Brian E. Winski Chief, Public Affairs
Policy Committee Chief, Legislative Liaison

136 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Weapons &
Equipment
DoD/Sgt. David Vermilyea

A soldier with the 173rd

Airborne Brigade during
an exercise in Romania.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 139

 Maintaining the Army’s effectiveness as the most formidable ground combat force in the world requires a bal-
ance of priorities and resources. That balance is highlighted in the 2017-18 ARMY Green Book Weapons section,
which offers a look at a fraction of the improvements and emerging systems supporting warfighters. This year’s
new approach was produced with extensive support from service organizations and structures. The ARMY Green
Book staff appreciates their assistance.

I. Ground Combat Systems V. Aviation

141 161

II. Combat Support and Combat Service Support VI. Missiles and Space Programs

146 166

III. Ammunition VII. Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors

150 175

IV. Individual Equipment and Weapons VIII. Command, Control, Communications-Tactical

155 181

140 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Ground Combat Systems
U.S. Army/Maj. Matthew White

M1128 Stryker with Main Gun System.

W hen it comes to ground combat systems, suggestions that the Army oper-
ates with 30-year-old legacy equipment that is woefully lacking in modern
technology and capability are ill-informed and inaccurate. Through strategic sci-
ence and technology investments, Program Executive Office Ground Combat
Systems (PEO GCS) continues to ensure capability improvements are implement-
ed onto its platforms and to provide America’s warfighters with the asymmetrical
advantages that make them the most effective fighting force in the world.
Representative examples of this reality can be found with the Abrams Main Battle
Tank modernization and Stryker lethality enhancements. In addition, the office is
also supporting development of next-generation systems like the Armored Multi-
Purpose Vehicle. Moreover, similar efforts and accomplishments are being under-
taken across the entire PEO GCS portfolio.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 141

U.S. Army/Spc. Gage Hull
M1A2 Abrams tanks.
Abrams Modernization
The Abrams Main Battle Tank of-
fers a case in point. While it is true that
the first Abrams came into service in
the 1980s, the similarities between that
platform and the Abrams of today are
comparable to, say, a 1954 Corvette and
a 2017 Corvette—similar in name but
vastly different in terms of capability and
performance.
During Operation Iraqi Freedom, the
approach to addressing battlefield needs
had been to add kits and additional sur-
vivability enhancements such as side and
belly armor to the Abrams platform.
Although successful, continually adding
kits to the tank incurs weight and power
consumption penalties that degrade sys-
tem reliability and performance param-
eters, such as turret slew rates, stopping
distance, maximum speed and fuel effi-
ciency, by an ever-widening gap.
Combat vehicles are designed to have
extra margins for size, weight, power and
cooling, yet upgrades made to a platform
to meet battlefield threats chip away at
those margins. At some point, you either
have little margin for further improve-
ments or you have a situation where the
platform doesn’t meet its capabilities.
142 ARMY ■ October 2017
On Feb. 2, the Army took delivery
of the final Abrams M1A2 System En-
hancement Package Version 2 platform at
the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center
in Lima, Ohio. This marked a 12-year ef-
fort on the part of PEO GCS to increase
capabilities of the Abrams platform in
response to battlefield threats. But it also
represents yet another major moderniza-
tion effort for the Abrams Main Battle
Tank platform.
Significantly, as the last enhancement
package was delivered, PEO GCS and
its partners were working to host and
restore lost platform capability and inte-
grate developmental technologies under
other existing programs of record onto
the platform through the Engineering
Change Proposal 1a network and sur-
vivability program.
The 1a effort is not intended to ex-
ceed the operational capability outlined
in system requirements documents, but is
meant to ensure existing system perfor-
mance is not further degraded and that
future Army mission equipment packages
can be integrated on the Abrams platform.
The technologies developed as part of
the engineering change proposal program
will provide the foundation for future in-
cremental system upgrades. The 1a effort
will close battle command, survivability,
lethality and sustainment gaps that trace
back to the 1994 Abrams M1A2 opera-
tional requirements document and other
Army directed requirements.
Specific technologies include:
■ Joint Tactical Radio System: Integra-
tion of the government furnished equip-
ment Joint Tactical Radio System Hand-
held, Manpack and Small Form Fit radio
supports the need to establish network
readiness and maintain battle command
and communications interoperability with
future brigade combat teams.
■ Power generation and distribution:
Power generation and distribution as-
pects of the program include the Im-
proved Amperage Alternator, Slip Ring,
Hull Power Distribution Unit/Remote
Switching Modules and the Battery Mon-
itoring System. These technologies ad-
dress the power demand growth poten-
tial and the need for dissemination of
critical information.
■ Line Replaceable Unit and Line
Replaceable Modules Redesign: Migra-
tion of current force Abrams platforms
to a two-level maintenance scheme can
be initiated through the implementa-
tion of Line Replaceable Unit and Line
Replaceable Module technology. Po-
tential opportunities exist to design and
introduce common modules, and if pos-
sible, a common chassis/rack with Line
Replaceable Modules on multiple PEO
GCS platforms with minimal software
impacts. The area of the redesigns ad-
dresses the following gaps: obsolescence
management; size, weight, power and
cooling growth potential; and increased
energy efficiency. The redesign leverages
industry standards for single-board com-
puter interfaces. These changes allow
PEO GCS to spiral Gigabit Ethernet
communications into the system, which
increase the speed and efficiency in Line
Replaceable Unit communications and
build a margin for future growth.
■ Ammunition Data link: The Am-
munition Data is required to program
the M829E4 Advanced Kinetic Energy
and Advanced Multi-Purpose rounds.
The link passes critical platform infor-
mation to the round, thus programming
the fuse.
■ Auxiliary Power Unit: The under-
armor Auxiliary Power Unit provides a
capability to operate on-board systems
with a reduced probability of detection
during silent watch operations. The unit
provides fuel savings and meets the si-
lent watch threshold duration require-
ment. The incorporation of the unit
reduces the number of batteries on each
tank from 12 to six.
■ Counter Radio-Controlled Impro-
vised Explosive Device Electronic War-
fare Duke counter-IED system: The third
version of this system is the latest; it adds
hardware and radio frequency capability
to the second version of the kit, but re-
quires additional size, weight and power.
■ Armor upgrades: The Abrams tank
will continue to advance its ballistic pro-
tection to counter the latest threats and
maintain battlefield superiority.
Stryker Enhancements
Another representative example of
combat system modernization can be
found in ongoing Stryker Lethality En-
hancement efforts.
In July 2015, the Army approved a di-
rected requirement to increase lethality
for 81 Stryker vehicles for the 2nd Cav-
alry Regiment to provide Stryker brigade
combat teams with direct fire support to
their mounted and dismounted infantry.
This led to an accelerated acquisition
effort to integrate an unmanned turret
with a 30 mm cannon onto a Stryker
infantry carrier vehicle. Fielding of this
increased capability is required by 2018.
Just 15 months later, which included
design, build and integration activities,
the Army celebrated delivery of the first
prototype vehicle, featuring a Kongs-
berg MCT-30 mm Weapon System;
remotely operated, unmanned turret; a
new fully integrated commander’s sta-
tion; upgraded driveline componentry;
and hull modifications.
“Not only does this provide improved
firepower, it also enhances vehicle
survivability while providing stand-
off against potential threat weapons,”
said Maj. Gen. David G. Bassett, the
Army’s program executive officer for
ground combat systems. “This symbolic
event illustrates the Army’s commitment
to meeting the needs of our soldiers in
harm’s way—ahead of schedule and on
budget.”
October 2017 ■ ARMY 143
BAE Systems
Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle.
“Future operations will take place con-
currently in the air and on the ground,
increasingly in urban settings, integrat-
ing capabilities from the domains of sea,
space and cyberspace,” said now-retired
Gen. Daniel B. Allyn, who then served
as the Army’s vice chief of staff. “This
environment will place a premium on
unmanned systems, lethal technologies
and rapid maneuver capabilities this
Stryker system exemplifies.”
The upgraded Stryker vehicle will be
known as the Dragoon, the nickname of
the 2nd Cavalry Regiment, and was re-
cently assigned the nomenclature XM1296
Infantry Carrier Vehicle-Dragoon.
“The insights gleaned from this
urgent effort will be applied toward
planning the fleetwide lethality program
for the Stryker, and is another example
of how we are developing combat sys-
tems in concert with the Army’s Operat-
ing Concept and Combat Vehicle Mod-
ernization Strategy,” Bassett said.
In addition, the Army has also pro-
vided programmatic direction to initiate
the first two elements of the Stryker fleet
lethality strategy—providing an under-
armor Javelin capability for the Stryker
and improving the capabilities of the
Stryker antitank guided missile vehicle
to better locate and engage targets via
networked fires.
144 ARMY ■ October 2017
Looking toward the future, in March,
the Army issued a sources-sought notice
for the next major upgrade to the Stryker,
focused mainly on lethality improve-
ments. These improvements will encom-
pass the flat-bottom hull and double V-
hull platforms, and will not be limited to
cannon application and improvement.
The next round of upgrades is in-
tended to improve the lethality of the
Stryker formation, so it’s important to
find solutions that work well in concert
and go beyond just making an individ-
ual vehicle more lethal. They will bring
more than enhanced firepower; though
the program is still in early planning, the
program office indicated it would con-
sider other solutions that could include
sensor, protection or platform network
upgrades.
The insights gleaned from the current
lethality enhancement effort will be ap-
plied toward planning the fleetwide le-
thality program for the Stryker, and are
another example of how PEO GCS is
developing combat systems in concert
with the Army’s Operating Concept and
Combat Vehicle Modernization Strategy.
New System Acquisition
Along with modernization, PEO GCS
is also balancing new system acquisition.
An excellent example can be found with
the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle
(AMPV).
In 2007, Army leadership terminated
the M113 family of vehicles program due
to inadequate force protection, its inabil-
ity to incorporate future technologies due
to maximized size, weight, power and
cooling, and its inability to keep pace and
fight within the Army’s armored brigade
combat fleet.
The AMPV is designed to replace those
M113s operating at brigade and below
levels within the armored brigade com-
bat teams.
In December 2014, the Army an-
nounced the selection of the engineer-
ing and manufacturing development con-
tract for the AMPV program. The initial
award was for a 52-month base term, val-
ued at approximately $382 million, dur-
ing which BAE Systems will produce
29 vehicles. Integration of this vehicle
will replace and improve upon capabili-
ties lost with the obsolete M113 family
of vehicles, while greatly increasing the
Army’s overall ground combat posture.
During the 52-month engineering and
manufacturing development phase, PEO
GCS and BAE Systems will develop an
affordable integrated system to meet the
Army’s critical requirements. The Army
will take the 29 vehicles produced in this
phase and put them through rigorous de-
velopmental and operational testing to
ensure they are effective and suitable for
today’s mechanized warrior. The award
also provides an optional low-rate initial
production phase; if awarded, the com-
pany would produce an additional 289 ve-
hicles for a contract value of $1.2 billion.
In December 2016, the Army cele-
brated the rollout of the first AMPV dur-
ing a ceremony at BAE Systems’ facility
in York, Pa., nearly two years from the
initial contract award and just six months
after the critical design review.
Providing more size, power, cooling
and mobility, the AMPV will enable
Mission Command on the Move, restore
indirect fire support to the combined-
arms battalions, protect the company’s
logistical support, and provide signifi-
cantly greater care to wounded soldiers.
This will be accomplished while provid-
ing a protection and survivability level
well above the capabilities in the field
today—on cost and on schedule.
“We have the best Army in the world,
bar none,” said Col. Michael Milner,
the Army’s project manager for AMPV.
“The equipment we provide our soldiers
is representative of the acquisition and it
[the acquisition process] is doing a good
job of making sure our soldiers go into
the fight with the upper hand in tech-
nology and capabilities.”
The key to obtaining new capabilities
is to set a requirement that is achievable
given the maturity of the technology
available, setting up a program that fo-
cuses on the activities necessary to de-
sign, build, test and field, and establish-
ing realistic cost estimates.
“The key is to not let the process drive
the program, but rather have the pro-
gram drive the process,” Milner said.
Since entering Milestone B in Decem-
ber 2014, this has been a dedicated effort
to refine and complete the design that
BAE started with, leveraging the Bradley
Fighting Vehicle and the mission equip-
ment packages out of the M113 vehicles.
The team (Army and industry partners)
adjusted requirements where necessary
to add capabilities not originally included
and drove down some requirements that
increased cost in ways that didn’t reflect
the Army’s priorities.
“AMPV is also the first major ground
combat systems program where our cur-
rent chief of staff, Gen. Mark A. Milley,
has taken an active personal role in shaping
the requirements and acquisition trade-
offs necessary to keep this program mov-
ing forward and delivering the capabilities
that our soldiers deserve,” Bassett said.
Milley’s personal involvement allowed
the team to focus resources on delivering
the capabilities that matter most, ensuring
the team stayed aligned with his priorities
of soldier force protection, mobility and
reliability, Bassett said. “That effort, on
budget and on schedule, reflects the kind
of cooperation and teamwork that all suc-
cessful programs exhibit,” he said.
While the current AMPV program
will replace approximately 2,897 M113
vehicles at the brigade level and be-
low within the armored brigade com-
bat team, there are an additional 1,922
M113s supporting echelons above bri-
gade. The above-brigade level replace-
ments may have different requirements
than the current procurement, and have
not yet been developed. The Army is as-
sessing how it will address these emerg-
ing requirements.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 145
 Combat Support and Combat Service Support
U.S. Army/David Vergun

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle.

H eadquartered in Warren, Mich., the Program Executive Office Combat

Support & Combat Service Support is responsible for approximately 250
diverse programs. With a team of more than 1,500 associates in five geographic
locations, the PEO CS&CSS team manages most of the Army’s transportation,
engineer, quartermaster and ordnance portfolios and provides a wide range of
essential support equipment to soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines on every
continent.
As the Army carefully focuses investments in new capabilities for uncertain fu-
ture operating environments, PEO CS&CSS manages programs essential to giving
soldiers the capabilities they need today and tomorrow.
Representative examples of activities from across the PEO CS&CSS portfolio
include the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), Maneuver Support Vessel (Light),
and Autonomous and Robotic Systems technologies.

146 ARMY ■ October 2017

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle
The JLTV program is an Army-led,
joint modernization program aimed at
improving a commander’s availability to
balance payload, mobility performance
and troop protection. The JLTV fam-
ily of vehicles performs multiple mission
roles and provides protected, sustained
and networked mobility for personnel
and payloads across the full range of op-
erations in two variants and four mission
package configurations.
When fielded to the force, the JLTV
family of vehicles will provide soldiers
and Marines a flexible protected mobil-
ity platform with protection similar to
the original MRAP all-terrain vehicle
and substantially greater than the Hum-
vee, but in a lighter and more transport-
able package than the MRAP.
It will also provide MRAP-like pro-
tected payload capacity with connec-
tivity as the first vehicle purpose-built
for battlefield networks; improved reli-
ability, fuel efficiency and maintainabil-
ity; and transportability by CH-47 and
CH-53 aircraft, and inside amphibious
transports.
The Army and Marine Corps success-
fully transitioned the JLTV program
into production in 2015 with an em-
phasis on stable requirements, mature
technologies and affordability. Deliver-
ies of the first production vehicles began
in 2016 as part of the JLTV program’s
initial production based on a $6.7 billion
contract for the first 16,901 vehicles,
technical data and support.
In 2017 and 2018, the JLTV program is
and will be executing reliability, transport-
ability, survivability, network and other
tests to reduce future production risk and
verify the program’s ability to satisfy re-
quirements. In particular, these tests also
help ensure soldiers and Marines can ef-
fectively interact with the JLTV and its
integrated equipment.
The Army anticipates completing test-
ing in fiscal 2019 to achieve initial oper-
ating capability in early fiscal 2020. The
10th Mountain Division is slated to be
the first unit equipped.
Maneuver Support Vessel (Light)
Commanders increasingly rely on Army
Watercraft Systems to move soldiers and
their equipment throughout a range of
environments. As future forces expect
to operate in increasingly contested en-
vironments, watercraft stand to play an
increasingly important role in transport-
ing a leaner, more capable and more ex-
peditionary force into diverse areas—es-
pecially where traditional ports may not
be available.
Today, Army boats give commanders
additional options for entry into austere
coastal areas, providing maneuver from
the sea and Joint Logistics Over the
Shore capabilities. Covering strategic
distances and entering anti-access and
other denied environments, they can in-
crease the land component commander’s
maneuver options and lines of commu-
nication in a range of maritime environ-
ments. However, Army transportation
investments over the past decade pri-
oritized vehicle capabilities—especially
protection—over watercraft, leaving an
urgent need to invest in reliable vessels
able to carry, maneuver and communi-
cate with today’s force.
As the first new Army watercraft in
decades, the Maneuver Support Vessel
October 2017 ■ ARMY 147
(Light) will displace Vietnam-era Landing
Craft Mechanized boats with a modern ca-
pability, giving commanders significantly
improved seaborne maneuver flexibility.
The new boat will provide inter- and
intratheater transportation of person-
nel and materiel, delivering cargo from
advanced bases and deep-draft strategic
sealift ships to harbors, inland water-
ways, remote and unimproved beaches
and coastlines, and denied or degraded
ports. Most importantly, the program
will restore the Army’s ability to carry
the weight of modern combat platforms
into difficult littoral environments.
The Maneuver Support Vessel (Light)
program is managed by the Product Di-
rector, Army Watercraft Systems within
the Army Project Management Office,
Transportation Systems. The program is
in source selection, with an anticipated
Milestone B decision and contract award
in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.
Robotic and Autonomous Systems
Numerous emerging technologies have
promising potential to improve soldier and
vehicle safety, improve soldiers’ situational
awareness, reduce logistics burdens and—
most importantly—reduce soldiers’ expo-
sure to threats.
For Army vehicles, autonomy-enabled
capabilities include technologies that re-
ally begin with many systems already on
passenger vehicles—including driver-
assist technologies that improve stabil-
ity, awareness and visibility—and could
extend to much more heavily automated
vehicles or convoys. The Army is explor-
ing the maturity of related technologies
The Landing Craft
Mechanized is a
Vietnam-era boat
that is due to be
displaced.
148 ARMY ■ October 2017
and how they could best be applied to
meet future Army transportation needs.
Partners across the Army are focused
on refining and informing concepts and
operational requirements to understand
technological maturity, consider afford-
ability and carefully define needs in op-
erational terms as program strategies are
shaped.
The Army is also making significant
progress on ground robotics programs
of record. During recent conflicts, the
Army fielded thousands of robots from
vendors to meet warfighter needs.
Moving forward, the Army will tran-
sition to a few discrete programs of re-
cord based on common interoperability
profiles. These programs will not only
improve system sustainment but allow
the Army to focus resources on rapidly
changing payload technologies to ensure
soldiers have a decisive edge:
■ The Man-Transportable Robotic
System Increment II is a remotely oper-
ated, man-transportable robotic system
providing a standoff capability to interro-
gate, detect, confirm and neutralize pres-
ence across warfighting functions. Pro-
viding a standard, medium-sized ground
robotic platform, the system will identify
and disposition hazards with a common
platform, allowing use of various plat-
form payloads in support of current and
future operations. Contract award for
the engineering and manufacturing de-
velopment phase was anticipated in the
fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. The Army’s
acquisition objective is 1,210 systems for
use by engineers; chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear troops; and ex-
plosive ordnance disposal soldiers.
■ The Common Robotic System (In-
dividual) is a man-packable small, mobile
unmanned robotic system weighing in at
less than 25 pounds with advanced sen-
sors and mission modules for dismounted
forces. It is designed for operators to
quickly reconfigure it for various mis-
sions by adding/removing modules and/
or payloads. Currently in source selec-
tion, contract award for the engineering
and manufacturing development phase is
slated for the first quarter of fiscal 2018.
The Army’s acquisition objective is 3,258,
for use by engineers; chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear troops; and ex-
plosive ordnance disposal soldiers.
■ The Route Clearance Interroga-
tion System detects, interrogates and
neutralizes the full spectrum of explosive
hazards while on the move and takes the
soldier out of the hazardous kill zone dur-
ing route clearance operations. The sys-
tem will allow for the semi-autonomous
control of a mobile base unit-equipped
High-Mobility Engineer Excavator and
its capabilities from an operator control
unit inside a mine-protected clearance
vehicle. This capability will enable soldiers
to interrogate, classify and excavate deep-
buried explosive hazards, improvised ex-
plosive devices and caches in a wide range
of road surfaces and soil conditions. This
capability is designed to remove soldiers,
as well as other route-clearance vehicles
and equipment, from the blast effects of
explosives. A Milestone B decision and
contract award is slated for the first quar-
ter of fiscal 2018, with an acquisition ob-
jective of 260 systems.
U.S. Army/Sgt. David Turner

U.S. Army/Ken Drylie
■ The M160 Robotic Mine Flail is
used to clear areas infested with land
mines and counter the effects of mines
that could impede the mobility of
friendly forces, destroy systems or cause
personnel casualties. It is designed to be
protected against mine explosion frag-
ments. Mine-clearing is conducted using
the flailing motion of high-speed, rotat-
ing chained hammers. The machine digs
and pounds the soil, which results in the
detonation or shattering of antiperson-
nel mines. The remote control system
provides real-time control of the mine-
clearing vehicle from either a mounted
or standoff dismounted position. A com-
M160 Light Flail
Robotic System.
munication system transfers operating
status and video feedback to the opera-
tor. The M160’s handheld, standoff re-
mote control feature allows the operator
to remain outside the range of exploding
mines during the clearing process. Field-
ing began in fiscal 2017 and will continue
through fiscal 2021.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 149
 Ammunition
U.S. Army/Spc. Thomas Scaggs

Belt of .50 caliber ammunition.

A s the single manager for conventional ammunition, Program Executive Office

Ammunition is responsible for procuring, producing and demilitarizing con-
ventional ammunition for the military services.
Located at Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., which has been designated the DoD Joint
Center of Excellence for Guns and Ammunition, PEO Ammunition has delivered
over 19 billion rounds of lethal, safe, reliable and affordable ammunition to troops
since fiscal 2002.
“As we look at the military challenges ahead, we see the world changing at a
much faster pace than ever before,” said James Shields, program executive officer
for ammunition. “Battlefields are becoming more complex and complicated by
the evolution of technology that benefited both sides.”
“We must continue modernizing our ammunition, platforms and manufactur-
ing facilities if we are going to maintain the military overmatch we’ve enjoyed in
the past,” he said.
Representative examples of ongoing program activities within PEO Ammuni-
tion include modernizing tank ammunition, extending the range of cannon artil-
lery, and making key investments in the Army’s organic industrial base.

150 ARMY ■ October 2017

Tank Ammunition Modernization
In the Army, one often hears the ex-
pression “do more with less.” Through
PEO Ammunition’s tank ammunition
modernization program, that adage will
soon become a reality for Abrams tank
crews.
“Through our tank ammunition mod-
ernization efforts, we want to maintain
the lethal overmatch that our forces
have had for years, but we also want to
introduce new capabilities against dis-
mounted threats and fortified structures,
which haven’t always been part of the
armored force target set,” said Lt. Col.
Kyle McFarland, product manager for
large-caliber ammunition. That organi-
zation is part of Project Manager Ma-
neuver Ammunition Systems.
The modernization plan will reduce
Abrams tank crews’ suite of five tank
rounds down to two—the 120 mm Ad-
vanced Multi-Purpose round and the
M829A4 Armor-Piercing, Fin-Stabi-
lized Discarding, Sabot Kinetic En-
ergy round.
The AMP round will replace and com-
bine four stockpile tank munitions fired
from the Abrams tank: the M830 High
Explosive Anti-Tank round, the M830A1
Multi-Purpose Anti-Tank round, the
M1028 Canister round and the M908
Obstacle Reduction round.
“Having one round for multiple targets
saves critical time for soldiers in combat
since they will always have an effective
round in the chamber for whatever target
they identify,” McFarland said.
“Our current inventory does not allow
that,” he said. “Plus, the AMP addresses
requirements that emerged from recent
conflicts with increased use of tanks in
urban environments and [the] extended
range of dismounted anti-tank weapons,
which necessitate the tank engaging dis-
mounted troops at greater ranges in ad-
dition to attacking enemy vehicles.”
The AMP is in the engineering and
manufacturing development phase. The
program expects to solidify a design by
March followed by developmental testing
and transition to low-rate production in
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and full-
rate production beginning in fiscal 2021.
The current kinetic energy round car-
ried by tank crews, which is intended to
defeat complex tank armor systems, will
be replaced by the M829A4.
“AMP will have effects on armored
vehicles, but the heavy armor on modern
main battle tanks is just too heavy due
to the complexities associated with ex-
plosive reactive armor,” McFarland said.
“You need a purpose-designed round to
affect those targets.”
“The current kinetic energy round is
the primary round, and it’s still very ef-
fective,” McFarland added. “The A4 is
addressing future advancements in ar-
mor that we expect, rather than current
threats. This will allow us to maintain
the lethality overmatch we need.”
The M829A4 program is in produc-
tion with a small quantity available in
inventory.
However, for the AMP and M829A4
to work optimally, the Abrams must be
upgraded with ammunition data links put
into the breach of the tank, which will al-
low the gunner station to communicate
with the tank rounds. PEO Ground
Combat Systems has begun installing the
ammunition data links on the initial ar-
mored brigade combat team.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 151
 Sabot round.
“Our modernization is synchronized
with the Abrams platform, so it’s a full
capability that’s being delivered to the
soldiers,” McFarland said.
Both programs were developed through
science and technology collaboration ef-
forts with the U.S. Army Armament Re-
search, Development and Engineering
Center, also located at Picatinny. Orbital
ATK is the prime contractor for M829A4
and AMP.
Cannon Artillery
Engineers are innovating again through
the Extended Range Cannon Artillery
(ERCA) program, which is developing
artillery products that could more than
double the range of the 155 mm howit-
zer platforms.
Specifically, the ERCA program is
seeking to “regain lethality overmatch for
155 mm artillery systems by providing
lightweight, extended-range integrated
armament solutions that maintain the
same level of accuracy and effectiveness,
152 ARMY ■ October 2017
with increased reliability than we experi-
ence today with our current platforms,”
said Michael George, ERCA program
lead.
The ERCA program is executed by
the Armament Research, Development
and Engineering Center at Picatinny,
with close coordination with PEO Am-
munition and PEO Ground Combat
Systems. The PEO Ammunition por-
tions of the ERCA program are ex-
pected to include a new cannon for the
M777 howitzer, a new extended-range
projectile (XM1113), new extended-
range propelling charge (XM654), and a
more robust primer and breech seal.
“The ERCA program is a holistic sys-
tems approach to developing complemen-
tary technologies. You can’t achieve over-
match with a projectile-only solution or a
cannon-only solution,” George said.
Engineers are creating a longer, newly
modified M777A2 howitzer cannon
that has the potential to double the sys-
tem’s artillery range of 30 kilometers.
U.S. Army/Spc. Emily Houdershieldt
Project Manager Towed Artillery Sys-
tems, part of PEO Ammunition, oversees
the M777 extended range program, and
is taking the ERCA cannon design and
adapting it to the M777 to determine if
it can be a cross-platform solution. The
modification adds 6 feet to the cannon
and less than 1,000 pounds to the overall
system.
Due to the mountainous terrain in Af-
ghanistan, which doesn’t allow the how-
itzer to be towed, the M777 howitzer
was designed to be lightweight and easily
airlifted.
“The Army took a position 20 years
ago to focus on being lightweight, mo-
bile and accurate with precision, which
it is. This modification is bringing range
overmatch back without losing the pre-
cision and the light weight that we cur-
rently have,” said Gabriel Jarani, chief
systems engineer for Project Manager
Towed Artillery Systems.
The Army is also developing a 155 mm
artillery round that will greatly extend
cannon range, with the added benefits of
greater safety for service members with
the ability to deliver near-precision strike
capability. The XM1113 Insensitive Mu-
nition High Explosive Rocket Assisted
Projectile, or XM1113 RAP, will replace
the aging M549A1 rounds produced in
the 1970s and 1980s and help troops
maintain battlefield overmatch.
“The XM1113 provides the user with
cannon-launched munitions to engage
targets out beyond the current 30-kilo-
meter capability,” said Ductri Nguyen,
XM1113 Integrated Product Team lead.
“The new projectile will also be compat-
ible with the M1156 Precision Guid-
ance Kit, providing near-precision strike
capability.”
The Precision Guidance Kit is an ad-
vanced fuze that transforms the stockpile
of conventional 155 mm ammunition into

U.S. Army/Sgt. Jon Heinrich

affordable, near-precision munitions. It is
in full-rate production and has proven it-
self as an effective combat multiplier.

Investment Is Key
While it’s doubtful that soldiers spend
much time contemplating where their M1156 Precision Guidance Kit fuse.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 153

ammunition is produced, PEO Ammu-
nition at Picatinny Arsenal, as DoD’s
single manager for conventional ammu-
nition, has the essential role of procur-
ing military ammunition. This mission
includes steering the commercial indus-
trial base and managing the military’s
organic industrial base to provide lethal,
affordable and rapidly delivered ammu-
nition.
“Historically, approximately 75 per-
cent of ammunition procurement fund-
ing is awarded to the commercial sector
with 25 percent directed to the organic
industrial base. However, a robust or-
ganic industrial base is needed for the
Army to retain and advance critical tech-
nologies that may otherwise become ob-
solete if the commercial sector is unable
to produce the materiel cost-effectively,”
said Program Executive Officer for Am-
munition James Shields.
A vital part of the organic industrial base
is the U.S. Army Joint Munitions Com-
mand’s seven government-owned/con-
tractor-operated facilities, which produce
ammunition ranging from 5.56 mm rifle
cartridges to 155 mm artillery projectiles,
as well as key ammunition components like
propellants and explosives. Located across
the U.S., partnerships allow the govern-
ment and contractor to advantageously
work together to manufacture ammuni-
tion. Through these partnerships, the gov-
ernment establishes mission requirements
and the private sector implements them
using best business practices.
Since the beginning of the Iraq War in
2003, the Army has invested over $2 bil-
lion to modernize these World War II-
era facilities to address readiness short-
falls. PEO Ammunition, working closely
with the Joint Munitions Command, pri-
oritizes the investments to focus on im-
proved manufacturing readiness to meet
current and future requirements, increase
operating efficiencies, lower costs, enable
more consistent regulatory and environ-
mental compliance, and create a better
quality work environment for the work-
force.
“While $2 billion over 15 years is a sig-
nificant investment, critical infrastructure
and manufacturing process upgrades are
still required to maintain Army readi-
ness,” Shields said. “Just like we can’t risk
losing overmatch against our adversaries
on the battlefield, we can’t risk having a
depleted industrial base that doesn’t al-
low us to respond quickly enough to our
adversary’s advances.”
A modernization project in the early
phases of design that exemplifies pos-
turing the organic industrial base for
current and future requirements is the
expansion of explosives production ca-
pacity at Holston Army Ammunition
Plant, Tenn.
This expansion encompasses the ele-
ments needed to produce explosives,
from increasing the gas, power, byprod-
uct disposal, wastewater treatment and
logistics infrastructure to creating the
crude explosives and turning them into
finished explosive formulations that are
unique to each service. The expansion is
incremental over time, and when fully
complete in fiscal 2023, the services will
have an explosives capability postured to
support future conflicts.
An ongoing modernization project to
improve manufacturing readiness and
increase efficiencies is the construction
of a new nitrocellulose facility at the
Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Va.
Nitrocellulose is the main component of
propellants. The current 70-year-old fa-
cility—the sole domestic capability—is
at the end of its service life.
When complete in fiscal 2019, the
new facility will provide the organic in-
dustrial base with a more reliable capa-
bility using modern processes and a re-
duced footprint to gain efficiencies while
reducing environmental risk. Taken to-
gether, this postures the organic indus-
trial base for decades of uninterrupted
nitrocellulose supply to meet joint war-
fighter and foreign military needs.
U.S. Army/Pfc. Antonio Lewis

Howitzer shells.

154 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Individual Equipment and Weapons
U.S. Army

Soldiers with the 82nd Airborne Division conduct live-fire training at Fort Polk, La.

W ith a portfolio covering approximately 125 programs, the Program Execu-

tive Office Soldier acquires the best capabilities so the U.S. Army continues
to be dominant and decisive during the full spectrum of military operations. Pro-
gram offices include Soldier Protection and Individual Equipment, Soldier Sensors
and Lasers, Soldier Weapons and Soldier Warrior.
Representative program activities from the portfolio include Advanced Combat
Helmet Generation II, Family of Weapon Sights, Joint Effects Targeting System, M17
Modular Handgun System, Small Arms Fire Control, Warrior Integration Site and
Load Effects Assessment Program-Army.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 155

 Advanced Combat Helmet
Generation II
The Army recently awarded a contract
for a helmet that weighs an average of
22 percent less than its predecessor and
provides just as much protection. The
Advanced Combat Helmet Genera-
tion II contract was awarded to Revision
Military in Vermont to produce up to
290,000 helmets over the next five years.
The new helmet is made from ultra-
high-molecular-weight polyethylene, a
lighter material than Kevlar, and repre-
sents the most significant weight reduc-
tion in a helmet ever. Collaboration with
industry, academia and government re-
search laboratories enabled the weight
reduction without compromising integ-
rity, according to Program Executive
Office (PEO) Soldier’s Lt. Col. Kathy
Brown, product manager for soldier pro-
tective equipment.
The weight difference between the new
DoD/Tech. Sgt. Brian Kimball; U.S. Army; U.S. Army/Ron Lee
Clockwise from above: Advanced Combat Helmet; Enhanced Combat Helmet; Advanced Combat Helmet Generation II.
156 ARMY ■ October 2017
Advanced Combat Helmet Generation
II and the current helmet depends on
the size, Brown said. In the most com-
mon size of the helmet, large, the Ad-
vanced Combat Helmet Generation II
will weigh just under 2.5 pounds, about
12 ounces less than the current large
Advanced Combat Helmet.
The largest weight reduction will
be in the extra-large helmet. That size
will see a reduction of nearly a pound.
Weight reduction is always the goal at
PEO Soldier. The decreased helmet
weight will help reduce mission fatigue
and enhance soldiers’ situational aware-
ness. Those factors ultimately impact
soldier survivability.
The new helmet will also be available
to other military services through De-
fense Logistics Agency Troop Support,
just like the current Advanced Combat
Helmet is. Soldiers can expect to see the
new Advanced Combat Helmet Gener-
ation II fielded as early as fiscal 2018, ac-
cording to current projections.
Despite the efficiency realized in this
new helmet, it will mostly be utilized
in lower threat environments. The even
more protective Enhanced Combat Hel-
met will continue to be the helmet dis-
tributed during Rapid Fielding Initiatives
to soldiers operating in forward theaters
of deployment.
Sensors and Lasers
Through PM Soldier Sensors and La-
sers, the Army is pursuing critical en-
abling technologies it can incorporate
into future sensors and lasers that will
enhance weapons lethality. One of these
efforts is precision targeting that will al-
low soldiers to rapidly and accurately call
for fire, immediately destroy the enemy,
reduce collateral damage and reduce re-
engagement requirements. Another effort
is image intensification’s tremendous en-
hancement, which, coupled with the ca- The crew-served sight will enable a targeting devices. The targeting system
pability to overlay thermal imagery at the crew-served weapon gunner to more ac- is a handheld dismounted precision-
individual soldier level, has changed the curately engage targets in less time by targeting system for forward observers.
way soldiers fight and win. PM Soldiers utilizing a head-mounted display and It provides the capability to identify tar-
Sensors and Lasers is ensuring soldiers disturbed reticle that adjusts the aim gets, day or night, at tactically significant
can acquire, engage and destroy targets point based on an embedded laser range ranges; precisely determine the location
well before the enemy can. finder and ballistic processor. of the target; and digitally transmit tar-
The project provides the sensor and The sniper sight will provide greater get coordinates through the fires net-
laser technology that allows soldiers to detection, recognition and aid in identi- work to employ GPS-guided precision
see and engage the enemy under all con- fication at greater ranges during periods and near-precision munitions.
ditions with devastating accuracy. of darkness and limited visibility. The Joint Effects Targeting System
combines state-of-the-art, day and un-
Family of Weapon Sights Joint Effects Targeting System cooled thermal imaging sensors with
The Family of Weapon Sights is the The Joint Effects Targeting System is precision azimuth and vertical angle sen-
Army’s next generation of thermal Sol- the next generation of soldier precision- sors, Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing
dier Maneuver Sensors. The program
consists of three variants: individual, crew-
served and sniper.
The individual sight, weighing less
than 2 pounds, will be the smallest and IF THIS IS
lightest thermal weapon sight fielded to
the Army. It enables faster target acqui- BUSINESS AS
sition and visibility in all environments,
day or night. It clips on in the front of USUAL, THEN
the day optic, enabling its use without
having to remove the day sight, thus YOU MUST
eliminating the need to re-zero.
Through use of Rapid Target Acqui- WORK WITH
sition technology, the individual sight
enables soldiers to engage and decisively PEOPLE YOU
TRUST
destroy the enemy faster by decreasing
transition time between mobility and
targeting sensors.
Rapid Target Acquisition wirelessly
connects the weapon’s thermal sensor
and reticle with the Soldier’s Enhanced
Night Vision Goggle III, which will re-
duce the time it takes a soldier to go from
detection to engaging a target, giving the
soldier the initiative.
By transmitting the thermal image/
weapon sight picture to the night vision
display, soldiers now have a fusion of
sight imagery with the bore-sighted ret-
icle spatially aligned within the night vi-
sion imagery. Rapid Target Acquisition
allows soldiers to see where the weapon
is aiming in their goggle’s display, elimi- We’re proud to provide the precise
positioning technology many UAV
nating the need to shoulder the weapon
manufacturers use to successfully execute
and re-acquire the target in the thermal
dangerous and repetitive tasks without
sight. Eliminating this step reduces en- fear or fatigue, on each and every flight.
gagement time.
Additionally, the individual sight’s pas-
sive target acquisition reduces detection The world’s leading companies trust us to find innovative,
collaborative and effective global positioning and navigation
by the enemy, often associated with active
solutions to achieve their goals. How can we help you?
lasers, increasing soldier survivability.
The sniper sight and crew-served sight
are new starts in fiscal 2018.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 157

 The Handheld Joint Effects Targeting
System and the tripod-mounted Light-
weight Laser Designator Rangefinder.
U.S. Army

Module GPS, and an eye-safe laser range

finder to give the dismounted forward
observer the handheld capability to iden-
tify and locate targets.
The system’s separate inertial mea-
surement unit provides constant preci-
sion direction finding by sensing the Sig Sauer

Earth’s rotation. This capability supple-

ments the celestial navigation sensors,
which pinpoint location based on the
sun, moon and stars, when conditions
prevent the use of celestial to ensure ac-
curate targeting.
Additional capabilities include: a la-
ser marker/designator module, which
enables unambiguous identification of
targets to allow for rapid engagement
by air-support assets, improving the le-
thality and survivability of the soldier;
a new thermal sight, which provides su-
perior day or night usability and can see
through fog, haze, smoke and dust; and
laser imaging technology, which lets
the user see if the laser designator or laser
rangefinder is hitting the intended target.
The Joint Effects Targeting System will
support the rapid movement of a light
Sig Sauer M17.
dismounted infantry company during
offensive operations.
Modular Handgun System
Since its creation in 2003, PM Soldier
Weapons has fielded over 13 million
small-arms products to U.S. warfighters
around the world including weapons,
optics, tripods, mounts and accessories.
Its current portfolio consists of more
than 50 products in various stages of de-
velopment, production and sustainment.
Among these is the M17 Modular
Handgun System, one of the most widely
watched acquisition programs the Army
is procuring. The pistol system is in early
stages of initial production.
The program emerged from source
selection earlier this year with contract
award to Sig Sauer of Newington, N.H.

158 ARMY ■ October 2017

The first delivery of new handguns to proved accuracy. The squad and crew- The project is one of many parts of
soldiers is scheduled for November. Ap- served applications should have a reflex PEO Soldier with the overall mission
proximately 2,000 regular and compact capability for rapid target engagement to develop, acquire, field and sustain
versions of the M17 are scheduled to be at close range and situational awareness. integrated equipment to improve the
fielded to the 101st Airborne Division Variants are also expected to be able to soldier’s capabilities and quality of life.
(Air Assault) at Fort Campbell, Ky. communicate target information with a PM Soldier Warrior is the lead for PEO
Fielding to other Army units is slated soldier-borne network. Soldier for integration on the soldier.
to occur after this initial delivery is Without the integration function pro-
complete. Warrior Integration Site vided by the project with other project
The M17 replaces the M9 Beretta pis- Project Manager Soldier Warrior con- managers and programs, PEO Soldier
tol as the standard Army sidearm. A de- stantly and consistently incorporates the would struggle to understand the capa-
rivative of the Sig Sauer P320 model, the latest technologies in products to meet bilities, limitations, and the cognitive
handgun fires full metal jacket, special the soldier’s needs on the battlefield in and physical demands the Army has on
purpose, close-combat mission capability the area of protection, lethality and sur- soldiers, gear and vehicles.
kit and blank 9 mm ammunition. Win- vivability. Within Project Manager Soldier War-
chester Ammunition is manufacturing
ammunition for the M17 under a part-
nership agreement with Sig Sauer.
The pistol has numerous new features
including a new coyote brown color, am-
bidextrous manual thumb safety, modi-
fied ambidextrous slide stop lever, loaded
chamber indicator and a captured firing
pin assembly. It also is equipped with
interchangeable handgrips and ambidex-
trous components that allow shooters to
adjust the handgun to the size of their
hands. The Army plans to buy approxi-
mately 195,000 of the handguns, includ-
ing 7,000 compact models.

Small Arms Fire Control

The Small Arms Fire Control pro-
gram consists of three related efforts:
development of next-generation preci-
sion, crew-served and squad fire con-
trol systems. Each focuses on a separate
small-arms requirement while sharing
an identical objective to equip individual
and crew-served weapons with a next-
generation day view optic that increases
probability of hit and engagement times.
The objective of the programs is to
develop an advanced weapons sight with
integrated fire control (i.e., an integrated
display, ballistics calculation, rangefinder
and onboard sensors) that is optimized for
use in three key application areas: squad
(dismounted rifleman), crew-served (dis-
mounted machine gun) and precision
(sniper).
The Small Arms Fire Control vari-
ants are expected to provide an appro-
priate magnification for target recogni-
tion at the maximum effective range of
the host weapon platform, determine
target range and firing conditions, and
provide an adjusted aim point for im-

October 2017 ■ ARMY 159

 Obstacles are part of the Load Effects
Assessment Program-Army.

rior, the Warrior Integration Site (Win-

Site) uses technical, physical and virtual
tools to establish and maintain the Sol-
dier System Baseline. Understanding
the physical abilities of soldiers during
a mission is vital to understanding their
needs and the impact on their capabili-
ties and overall success. WinSite offers
a collaborative design environment for
use throughout the PEO that manages
updates of the Soldier System Base-
line yearly, and ensures that load dis-
tribution, available space and material
weight-reduction considerations are in-
cluded in the overall process. Soldiers of
all ranks participate in the Soldier Sys-
tem Baseline, giving direct feedback to
WinSite for future development.
Finding evolving technologies that
serve the needs of soldiers without los-
ing mobility and survivability is a key
component of understanding how to
improve the Soldier System. Consider-
ations of new technologies include size,
weight and power as WinSite aims to

improve the quality of life for soldiers.
Using technologies like 3-D printers,
3-D models and load-bearing manne-
quins, WinSite can better understand
the infantryman’s physical ability to
carry gear into combat. Currently, Win-
Site is working to better configure issued
equipment to soldiers and take into con-
sideration human factors as well as the
protection the gear provides.
Load Effects Assessment
Program-Army
Another feature within PM Soldier
Warrior is the Load Effects Assessment
Program-Army. This multifaceted tool
allows developers the ability to assess
mobility and load effects on soldiers
while considering weight, bulk, flexibil-
ity, mobility, fit and comfort. The overall
mission is to maximize Soldier System
performance and reduce physical and
cognitive burdens.
Load Effects Assessment Program-
Army coordinates closely with WinSite
in order to integrate all other PEO Sol-
dier programs to ensure that quantitative
and qualitative assessments are compa-
rable and repeatable over time. The as-
sessment program utilizes standardized
tactical tasks to effectively measure the
compatibility and functionality of load
effects to allow adjustments and changes
that will improve the dismounted infan-
tryman’s quality of life. Obstacle courses
and assessments include male and female
soldiers of varying physique and physical
abilities performing the same actions on
a mission such as a foot march, grenade
throw and vehicle operations.
With the assessments, PM Soldier
Warrior receives firsthand feedback
directly from soldiers on new technol-
ogies that could potentially save a life
or ensure mission success. The Load
U.S. Army
Effects Assessment Program-Army is
testing and assessing multiple optimiz-
ing configurations for new and previ-
ously issued gear to increase efficiency
and utilization just by changing where
and how items are worn.
The key focus for PEO Soldier and
PM Soldier Warrior is ensuring the
integration of new technologies for the
dismounted soldier to improve their ev-
eryday lives and ensure their protection,
battle command, situational awareness
and survivability on the battlefield. Ev-
ery soldier needs and deserves the most
advanced equipment available. The proj-
ect works directly with soldiers in order
to understand their capabilities, abilities,
physical abilities and mission require-
ments and then rapidly incorporates im-
provements to ensure everything works
as an integrated system from head to toe.

160 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Aviation
U.S. Air Force/Staff Sgt. Corey Hook

UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter cockpit.

T he Program Executive Office Aviation is responsible for leading the Army’s

life cycle management for aviation weapon systems across a broad portfolio
of manned and unmanned fixed- and rotary-wing systems and related subsystem
activities.
Representative examples of the efforts underway within PEO Aviation include the
evolution of manned-unmanned teaming, fielding of the AH-64E model Apache
helicopter, and balancing new acquisition and sustainment activities for the UH-60
Black Hawk helicopter.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 161


Apache helicopter, left, and Gray Eagle unmanned aircraft system.
Manned-Unmanned Teaming
According to Will Papich, Apache
sensors product director, Manned-Un-
manned Teaming (MUMT) involves
teaming a manned Apache AH-64D
or AH-64E with an unmanned aircraft
system such as Gray Eagle or Shadow.
While those are the primary Army plat-
forms, he noted the system capabilities
are compatible with other platforms as
well.
“It’s that teaming effort that basically
provides real-time situational aware-
ness—through unmanned aircraft sys-
tem sensor video and information—to
Apache aircrews,” he said. “In addition,
it not only provides increased situational
awareness to the aircrew [and] to troops
on the ground, but also dramatically in-
creases efficiency in focusing weapons to
support ground elements. It gives that
Apache aircrew the ability to reach out
and use that unmanned asset to get the
intelligence, surveillance and reconnais-
sance information that will enable them
to have a better understanding of what’s
going on.”
As a result of activities over the past
couple of years, the Army is currently
fielding what it calls MUMT II, which
provides what are known as interoper-
ability level II capabilities. MUMT II
162 ARMY ■ October 2017
includes an air-to-air ground kit and an
above-the-rotor kit.
“With those kits, the level II interop-
erability allows the Apache to simulta-
neously receive video back and forth,” he
said. “It currently has two streams that
we can get. We can either send Apache
data or we can receive unmanned aircraft
system data.”
The Army is fielding the MUMT II
capabilities to its AH-64D and AH-
64E aircraft. Fielding is nearly finished,
with projected completion during fiscal
2018.
Papich continued, “We are currently
in development of what we call MUMT
X, which basically stands for ‘Extended.’
With MUMT X, we still have the air-
to-air ground capability, but we take that
above-the-rotor capability and instead
of having two video streams we can get
four video streams. And where MUMT
II just has an omni[-directional] an-
tenna, MUMT X has both an omni and
a directional antenna that will actually
increase range. That’s where we get that
extended capability, where we can ac-
tually transmit data further back to the
commander and unit on the battlefield
to provide them with greater situational
awareness as well.”
MUMT X is being readied for follow-
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc.
on test and evaluation with development
completion anticipated in fiscal 2018.
The first production contract for
MUMT X was expected to be awarded
in August, Papich said. “So our pro-
jected activities over the next two years
will include the completed installation of
MUMT II,” he said. “And then we ex-
pect to begin fielding MUMT X around
the latter part of fiscal year 2019.”
Asked about the significance of
MUMT for Army warfighters, he re-
iterated the value of the increased situ-
ational awareness it provides, noting the
capability “fits in with the Army’s mul-
tidomain concept of using various as-
sets and providing increased situational
awareness information across the battle-
field and increasing the efficiency of the
aircrew.”
AH-64E Apache
The AH-64E “Echo” Model Apache
is widely recognized as the first choice
for close-air support by soldiers in the-
ater, according to Lt. Col. Anthony
Cassino, product manager, Apache pro-
duction and fielding.
The Echo model twin-engine, tandem-
seat, aerial weapons platform reflects the
latest version of the famed attack heli-
copter.
 Comparing the Echo model to the
Delta model also in the Army inventory,
Cassino said the new version “brings back
the power and performance of the AH-64
Alpha model. The AH-64 Delta is a fine
platform. But the millimeter wave radar,
missiles and associated electronics brought
weight to the platform. What the AH-64
Echo does—through the transmission
and [T700-GE]-701D engines—is to get
the performance back to what the aviators
enjoyed with the ‘A’ model.”
Asked about programmatic activities
over the past two years, Cassino said
the flagship effort for his office focused
on “securing the Apache multiyear pro-
curement contract that is going to pro-
vide the program with a steady supply of
AH-64 Echoes with stable funding over
a five-year period. And we awarded that

U.S. Army/Capt. Brian H. Harris

on 17 March 2017.” In addition to that
contractual programmatic milestone, the
program office has supported fielding
two battalions per year of AH-64Es.
As of midsummer, six Echo model bat-
talions had been successfully fielded,
Cassino said, adding that the Army re-
cently completed the fielding of the last AH-64E Apache helicopters.

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October 2017 ■ ARMY 163

 UH-60 Black Hawk
helicopters.
battalion at Fort Hood, Texas (1st Bat-
talion, 227th Aviation Regiment), and
was shifting fielding to two units at Fort
Carson, Colo.
“Right now, we are up to our 200th
delivered Echo model aircraft,” he said.
“There are 24 Apaches per battalion/
squadron. So, in addition to the six units
fielded, the balance of the other aircraft
are called either operational readiness
floats that are assigned to aviation sup-
port battalions, the maintenance units
organic to combat aviation brigades, or
training resources at the Aviation Cen-
ter of Excellence at Fort Rucker, Ala.”
Considering projected activities over
the next one to two years, Cassino said,
“Based on senior Army leadership de-
cisions, we are projecting a ‘cut-in’ of
what we call Version 6 capability for
the AH-64E.
“Cutting in of Version 6 would meet
the objectives of all currently approved
Army requirements for the AH-64
Echo,” he explained. “It is mostly a
164 ARMY ■ October 2017
software upgrade and it dates back to
what was originally called the Apache
Block III program. That program had
three ‘technology insertions’ that were
funding-driven more so than technical
maturity. The old Lot 1—we now call
it Version 2.1—basically brought the
new transmission and engine. The next
increment was Version 4, which is what
has been coming off the production line
since January 2016.
“Version 6 will include a number of fire
control radar enhancements, specifically
something called Maritime Mode. There
is also a cognitive decision-aiding system,
which provides planning assistance and
helps to ease the burden on the pilot in-
side the aircraft. So, in basic terms, Ver-
sion 6 catches everything per our require-
ments document that was not already
delivered under the earlier versions.”
The closest estimate for a possible
Version 6 cut-in is the second quarter of
fiscal 2018. However, Cassino cautioned
that the Army decision process is look-
DoD/Sgt. Anthony Jones
ing at a complete spectrum of options
from “if any” to “how many.”
“If there’s an American soldier on
the ground in harm’s way, they want an
Apache overhead,” he said. “And it is the
job of this office to ensure that occurs.”
UH-60 Black Hawk
The Army’s UH-60 series Black Hawk
activities highlight how PEO represen-
tatives can maintain a critical balance
between new acquisition and sustain-
ment activities.
“We have a multitude of efforts going
on with the UH-60,” said Chief War-
rant Officer 5 Darryl Rawlings, aviation
maintenance officer for the Utility Heli-
copters Project Office. “Activities range
from our new production aircraft for
our UH-60 Mike all the way to devel-
opment of a new digital cockpit for our
aging aircraft.”
The Army Black Hawk fleet is a mix
of UH-60 Alpha, UH-60 Lima and
UH-60 Mike.
 “For sustainment purposes, we are go- ferences between the legacy aircraft and Rawlings pointed to a milestone in
ing to gradually transition that fleet to a the Mike model aircraft,” including a new production Mikes that took place
mix of UH-60 Mike and UH-60 Victor,” new digital cockpit, increased power in late June, when the government and
Rawlings said. performance and wide chord blades. Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company,
Getting to that future fleet vision “There are myriad other changes, but signed a five-year contract for delivery of
begins with the removal of old Alpha those are the significant differences to 257 UH-60s to the Army and foreign
model platforms from the fleet. Begin- the pilot,” he said. military sales customers. The multiyear
ning with an Alpha fleet size of 760, the He added that the Mike models en- contract, designated Multi-Year IX, will
Army has been removing them in one tered production in 2007 and, given yield significant savings for the govern-
of two ways: either by recapitalization or the 2,135 cap and 760 planned Victor ment compared with purchasing the
through the Black Hawk Exchange and model conversions, the Army’s acquisi- same quantity across five annual agree-
Sales Transaction program. tion objective for Mike models is 1,375. ments.
Recapitalization occurs through the As of midsummer, 909 of these aircraft Rawlings noted that production con-
upgrade and conversion of old Alpha had been produced and delivered to the tracts for the UH-60 Mike should con-
model aircraft into Lima designation. Army. tinue until the late 2020s.
As of midsummer 2017, the Army had
performed 314 A-to-L conversions,
which Rawlings described as “about
the midpoint in getting rid of those
Alphas.”
Army plans call for completion of A-
to-L conversions in the third quarter
of fiscal 2019, marking a transitional
period when the Black Hawk fleet will
consist of Lima and Mike models. That
will be followed by expansion of the Vic-
tor program that is underway.
“The Victor program will take those
Lima model airframes and modernize
them with a glass cockpit similar to the
Mike design,” Rawlings said. “We are
basically doing what the civilian world
does, which is upgrading the avionics
package. And doing it as part of a recap-
italization program also gives us more
years on the life of the aircraft.”
While the Victor program is scoped
to upgrade 760 airframes, Rawlings em-
phasized that fleet management remains
focused on having 2,135 aircraft. “That’s
the mandate,” Rawlings said. “We can
only have 2,135 Black Hawks in the
fleet. So, we can’t just take in a new Mike
model without something going out.”
Consequently, in addition to the con-
version efforts, some airframes are “di-
vested to other stakeholders” through
the Black Hawk Exchange and Sales
Transaction program. “Other govern-
ment agencies have the first option to
buy those aircraft at fair market value.
And if there are no government buyers,
then the General Services Administra-
tion auctions off the divested aircraft.
Moreover, the proceeds from the pro-
gram fund go over into new UH-60
Mikes,” he said.
Rawlings pointed to “significant dif-

October 2017 ■ ARMY 165

 Missiles and Space Programs
U.S. Army/Sgt. Aaron Ellerman

M142 High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System.

T he Program Executive Office Missiles and Space provides centralized

management for Army tactical and air defense missile programs and se-
lected Army space programs. The office was established in January 2005 with
the merger of the program executive offices for air, space and missile defense
and tactical missiles. The office is responsible for life cycle management of as-
signed programs.
Representative activities can be found in the project offices for joint attack mu-
nition systems, integrated air and missile defense, cruise missile defense systems,
and precision fires rocket and missile systems.

166 ARMY ■ October 2017

 Joint Attack Munition Systems
The Joint Attack Munition Systems
Project Office manages Army and joint
service aviation rockets and missiles.
Among other products, the office man-
ages the Hellfire family of missiles and
the Joint Air-to-Ground Missile.
The AGM-114 Hellfire family in-
cludes the Hellfire II and Longbow Hell-
fire missiles. Hellfire II is a precision-
strike, semi-active laser-guided missile.
It is the principal air-to-ground weapon
system for the Army’s AH-64 Apache
helicopter and Gray Eagle unmanned
aerial vehicle; the Marine Corps’ AH-
1W Super Cobra helicopter and Harvest
Hawk UAV; the Air Force’s Predator
and Reaper drones; and numerous allied
aircraft around the world.
The Laser Hellfire II missile pro-
vides point-target and precision-strike
capability to defeat heavy advanced ar-
mor, individual hard point and nontra-
ditional targets. Hellfire II missiles use
a semi-active laser terminal guidance.
The AGM-114R Hellfire II missile is in
U.S. Army/Capt. Brian Harris
AGM-114 Hellfire missile being loaded onto an AH-64E Apache helicopter.
production and is the single variant that
replaces other Hellfire II missile config-
urations. The AGM-114R Romeo mis-
sile will allow a pilot to select warhead
fuze settings corresponding to the target
and provide increased off-axis capabil-
ity beyond current limits. The Longbow
Hellfire (AGM-114L) is also a preci-
sion-strike missile that uses millimeter
wave terminal guidance. The seeker pro-
vides fire-and-forget capability and the
ability to operate in adverse weather and
battlefield obscurities.
The precision capability of the Hellfire
missile has made it a weapon of choice in
overseas contingency operations where
collateral damage effects are a significant
concern. The demonstrated performance
against other-than-armor targets has
proven Hellfire to be an adaptable, ca-
pable and reliable missile that is suited
for any battlefield.
The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile is the
next generation of air-to-ground missiles,
replacing Hellfire. It has a newly devel-
oped multimode guidance section mated
to the existing Hellfire Romeo back end
(motor, warhead and associated elec-
tronics). The missile is compatible with
joint force and allied aircraft that are
currently compatible with the Hellfire
II missile. It uses advanced seeker and
guidance technologies combining mul-
tiple sensors to provide improved preci-
sion point and fire-and-forget targeting
for capability against fast-moving and
stationary targets in dirty battlefield/
countermeasure-intensive environments
and adverse weather. Future improve-
ments may also provide greater range
and passive engagement capability. The
missile’s integrated fire-and-forget and
precision point targeting capability ad-
dress current capability gaps. Threshold
platforms include the Army’s AH-64E
Apache and the Marine Corps’ AH-1
Viper helicopters.
Integrated Air and Missile Defense
The Integrated Air and Missile De-
fense (IAMD) Project Office manages
the Army IAMD program, which is
October 2017 ■ ARMY 167
Northrop Grumman Corp.
Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System.
uniquely structured to develop an over-
arching air and missile defense system-
of-systems capability. This capability in-
tegrates participating air defense artillery
components to provide operational capa-
bilities that individual element systems
cannot achieve. The overarching archi-
tecture provides integrated fire control
of current and future Army sensors and
shooters in support of Army air and mis-
sile defense.
The IAMD Battle Command System
is the program’s materiel solution. It is
the Army air and missile defense com-
munity’s top priority and, when fielded,
will provide commanders with unprec-
edented flexibility in deployment of air
and missile defense assets against the
threat. Through the battle command
system, Army IAMD provides the air
and missile defense community at all
echelons with a single integrated air pic-
ture. The system supports integrated fire
control by developing composite tracks
from sensor measurement data provided
by multiple sensors in the architecture.
Measurements from the sensors are used
to optimize the accuracy of the target
track data as opposed to the more com-
168 ARMY ■ October 2017
mon method of choosing one sensor and
disregarding other sensors’ data. The sys-
tem provides a netcentric, plug-and-fight
command-and-fire control capability for
all echelons of Army air and missile de-
fense.
The IAMD Battle Command Sys-
tem consists of the engagement opera-
tions center, an integrated fire control
system architecture, and the common
plug-and-fight kits that network-enable
multiple components. The program will
provide for the integration of sensors
and weapons. All air and missile defense
programs are on a path to converge to
the IAMD Battle Command System, to
include hardware and software designed
to plug and fight within the Army
IAMD architecture.
The engagement operations center
consists of a family of the medium tacti-
cal vehicle-mounted shelter that houses
computing and communications equip-
ment. At the battery level, units will be
fielded with an engagement operations
center and an erectable shelter. The shel-
ter provides the environmentally condi-
tioned work area for the battery staff
to execute its Mission Command and
fire control tasks. At battalion level, two
engagement operations centers and two
shelters will be fielded to accommodate
the larger staff and computing needs. En-
gagement operations centers are identical
at all levels and will be fielded with the
full suite of common software.
The Army IAMD architecture pro-
vides the capability for fire control con-
nectivity and distributed operations. The
Warfighter Information Network-Tac-
tical (WIN-T) Increment 2 capability
radio forms the basis for the architecture.
The Army IAMD architecture provides
the framework to distribute fire control
quality data, commands and messaging
among components. The architecture is
a self-organizing, self-configuring, self-
healing, ad hoc system capable of rapid
reconfiguration, enabling the real-time
addition, removal or movement of com-
ponents within the architecture.
The plug-and-fight kits include two pri-
mary components: the B-kit and the A-kit.
The common plug-and-fight function-
ality (B-kit), required adaptation lay-
ers and the radio transport capability
to support placing the respective sen-
sor/weapon components on the Army

U.S. Army
IAMD architecture are housed on the
engagement operations center and Inte-
grated Fire Control Relay. The plug-and-
fight A-kits, developed by the responsible
component project offices, provide the
component unique plug-and-fight func-
tionality and integration with the B-kit.
The Army IAMD acquisition strat-
egy is to deliver an initial operational
capability in fiscal 2022 and follow-on
product and capability improvements as
they are ready for fielding. Initial field-
ing will integrate Patriot sensor and
launchers with Sentinel radars and will
integrate the multimission launcher
into the integrated fire control system.
Future versions will integrate Terminal
High Altitude Area Defense sensors and
launchers, Lower Tier Air and Missile
Defense Sensor, Air Defense Airspace
Management cells, Army Air and Mis-
sile Defense brigades and Army Air and
Missile Defense commands.
The IAMD Project Office is the lead
system integrator and coordinates the ef-
forts between the component acquisition
programs, other government elements and
the prime contractors, Northrop Grum-
man Corp. and Raytheon Co. The pro-
gram is scheduled for a Milestone C
defense acquisition board in the fourth
quarter of fiscal 2020 and an initial op-
erational capability in the third quarter
of fiscal 2022.
AN/MPQ-64A3 Enhanced Sentinel Radar.
Cruise Missile Defense Systems
The Cruise Missile Defense Systems
Project Office is the centralized man-
ager for the Army’s short- and medium-
range air defense systems. The office is
equipping the current and future force
with an integrated air defense sensor
and weapon capability that includes the
ability to counter rocket, artillery and
mortar threats. Programs include the
Indirect Fire Protection Capability In-
crement 2-Intercept, Improved and En-
hanced Sentinel Radar (AN/MPQ-64)
and Stinger-based systems, specifically
Stinger and Avenger.
One example can be found in the
Indirect Fire Protection Capability In-
crement 2-Intercept (IFPC Inc 2-I),
which is under development. The system
is a mobile, ground-based weapon sys-
tem designed to acquire, track, engage
and defeat unmanned aircraft systems
and cruise missiles and to counter rocket,
artillery and mortar threats. The system
provides 360-degree protection and si-
multaneously engages threats arriving
from different azimuths. The capability
will be developed in three blocks, each
as separate acquisition programs.
The Block 1 capability provides coun-
ter-unmanned aircraft systems and cruise
missile defense by developing and in-
tegrating a new multimission launcher
while utilizing the existing IAMD Battle
Command System engagement opera-
October 2017 ■ ARMY 169
 AN/TWQ-1 Avenger
fires a Stinger missile.
tions center as its fire control component,
existing Sentinel radar, and the AIM-9X
Block II as the baseline interceptor. The
multimission launcher’s open-architec-
ture design and interface specifications
allow for a variety of missile types to
be employed. The IAMD Battle Com-
mand System links the IFPC Inc 2-I
Block 1 system through a joint layered
architecture, enabling an “any sensor,
best shooter, optimal interceptor” ap-
proach. As part of the Block 1 program,
a second missile will be added.
Block 2 will add a full counter-rocket,
artillery and mortar capability by devel-
oping a new interceptor and/or directed
energy solution, a new or modified sen-
sor, and updated fire control. The Block
3 capability extends the system’s range
from a point to an area defense for
counter-unmanned aircraft systems and
cruise missile defense. The IFPC Inc 2-I
System is transportable by Army com-
mon mobile platforms, C-17/C-5 air-
craft-capable and deployable by roll-on/
roll-off transport ship.
The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile
Research, Development and Engineer-
ing Center is developing the multimis-
sion launcher under the direction of the
Cruise Missile Defense Systems Project
Office and will be produced by Let-
170 ARMY ■ October 2017
terkenny Army Depot, Pa. During the
engineering demonstration in March
2016, the program successfully demon-
strated the end-to-end kill chain with a
prototype multimission launcher, IAMD
Battle Command System fire control en-
vironment, Sentinel radar and four differ-
ent interceptors.
The program will enter the engineer-
ing and manufacturing development
phase upon receipt of the Milestone B ac-
quisition decision memorandum sched-
uled for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.
The IFPC Inc 2-I Block 1 second mis-
sile program will enter its engineering
and manufacturing development phase
in fiscal 2019. The IFPC Inc 2-I System
is scheduled to achieve initial opera-
tional capability in fiscal 2021.
Other activities within the IAMD
Project Office include the Stinger mis-
sile with proximity fuze warhead.
The Stinger missile is a lightweight,
self-contained air defense system that can
be rapidly deployed by ground troops.
The Stinger missile can now be modi-
fied with a proximity fuze warhead to
destroy unmanned aircraft systems. A
proximity fuze allows the Stinger to
destroy targets by making contact or by
detonating in close range to the target.
Stingers are usually loaded with direct-
Mississippi National Guard/Staff Sgt. Scott Tynes
impact warheads, which is appropriate
for larger targets such as cruise missiles
and aircraft, but the new proximity fuze
gives ground forces the ability to engage
small, elusive targets using a proven, fa-
miliar system.
Stinger anti-aircraft missiles, equipped
with new proximity fuzes, successfully
intercepted two unmanned aircraft sys-
tems for the first time at a live-fire test
at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., in April.
Firing from a vehicle-mounted Avenger
system, a Stinger missile destroyed a
miniature unmanned aircraft system us-
ing a proximity fuze warhead—technol-
ogy used to find and hit moving targets
that are smaller than what the weapon
has traditionally been used for.
Based on the changing threat, the
Army is now able to use this new tech-
nology to destroy smaller unmanned
aircraft systems. Stinger Proximity Fuze
can attack soft and hard targets; pen-
etrate and then detonate, detonate im-
mediately upon impact, or detonate in
the near proximity of the target.
Precision Fires Rocket and Missile
Systems
The Precision Fires Rocket and Mis-
sile Systems Project Office manages the
Multiple Launch Rocket System fam-
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 ily of launchers, which includes the
M270A1 MLRS, the M142 High-Mo-
bility Artillery Rocket System, and the
rockets and missiles for those platforms.
The launchers are capable of support-
ing and delivering the MLRS family of
munitions (MFoM), including the basic
rocket, extended-range and guided rock-
ets, as well as the Block I/IA and unitary
variants of the Army tactical missile sys-
tem. Precision Fires Rocket and Missile
Systems also manages development of
the extended-range guided rockets and
the next-generation Long Range Preci-
sion Fires missile.
The combat-proven M270A1 MLRS
is a mechanized artillery weapon system
that provides the combat commander
with round-the-clock, all-weather, le-
thal, close- and long-range precision
rocket and missile fire support for joint
forces, early entry expeditionary forces,
contingency forces and field artillery bri-
gades supporting brigade combat teams.
The system supports fires missions rang-
ing from 15 to 300 kilometers. The
M270A1 carries and fires two launch
pods, each containing either six rock-
ets or one missile; it operates with the
MLRS command, control and com-
munications structure and a three-man
crew. Current activities include prepa-
rations to expand the launcher fleet by
several battalions, and to recapitalize the
existing fleet to ensure continued ser-
U.S. Army/Winifred Brown
172 ARMY ■ October 2017
vice through 2050. Improvements to the
fire control system are also underway to
guarantee support for future munitions.
The M142 High-Mobility Artillery
Rocket System is a combat-proven,
wheeled artillery system, rapidly de-
ployable via C-130 and operable in all
weather and visibility conditions. The
system is mounted on a 5-ton modified
Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
chassis. The wheeled chassis allows for
faster road movement and lower operat-
ing costs, and requires far fewer strategic
airlifts than the M270A1. The M142
provides responsive, accurate and lethal
surface-to-surface rocket and missile
fires from 15 to 300 kilometers. The sys-
tem can fire all munitions in the current
and planned suite of the MLRS family
of munitions, including the Army tac-
tical missile system, the guided MLRS
and Long-Range Precision Fires. The
High-Mobility Artillery Rocket Sys-
tem carries and fires a single pod with
either six rockets or one missile, is self-
loading and self-locating, and is oper-
ated by a three-person crew protected
from launch exhaust/debris and ballistic
threats by an improved crew-protection
cab. It operates with the same command,
control and communications structure
and three-person crew as the MLRS.
The M26 basic rocket and the M26A2
extended-range rocket are free-flight,
area-fire artillery rockets carrying dual-
purpose, improved conventional muni-
tion submunitions. The extended-range
rocket provides longer-range capability,
extending the 31.8-kilometer range of
the M26 to approximately 45 kilome-
ters. The requirement for an extended-
range MLRS rocket emerged from les-
sons learned during Operation Desert
Storm, when senior-level commanders
requested greater range while applaud-
ing the effectiveness of the basic rocket.
The guided MLRS M30 with dual-
purpose, improved conventional muni-
tion provides a precision area weapon
with greater accuracy and increased over-
match capabilities that also reduces the
logistics footprint over free-flight rockets.
The guided system incorporates a GPS-
aided inertial navigation system and has a
range of more than 70 kilometers.
The M31/M31A1 guided Unitary in-
tegrates a 200-pound class unitary war-
head in place of the dual-purpose, im-
proved conventional munition payload
of the M30 and is effective against a vari-
ety of point targets with significantly re-
duced collateral damage. The multimode
warhead fuze (impact, delay or airburst)
greatly enhances its employment options
in various combat environments. Over
6,500 Unitary rockets have been fired in
support of combat operations.
The extended-range guided MLRS
will extend guided system’s maximum
range capacity to service point and range
M142 High-Mobility
Artillery Rocket System.
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 targets to 150 kilometers through an en-
gineering change proposal to the exist-
ing program of record.
The M30A1 guided MLRS alterna-
tive warhead is an enhanced, 200-pound
fragmentation assembly filled with pre-
formed fragments that are optimized
to defeat area and imprecisely located
soft targets. In addition, the warhead
has design features to improve insensi-
tive munitions performance in thermal
cook-off and fragment shock initiation
environments. The alternative warhead
is designed specifically to comply with
DoD’s policy on cluster munitions and
unintended harm to civilians. The initial
operational capability and type classifi-
cation/full materiel release for the alter-
native warhead was reached in Novem-
ber 2016. The guided Unitary warhead
and the alternative warhead share 90
percent commonality of all hardware
components and are built on the same
production line. Over 40 alternative war-
head rockets have been fired in support
of combat operations since their deploy-
ment into the U.S. Central Command’s
area of operations in January.
The Army tactical missile system
M39 (Block I) and M39A1 (Block IA)
missiles provide long-range, surface-
to-surface fire support for Army deep-
strike operations. Both Block I and IA
are surface-to-surface guided missile
systems with antipersonnel/antimateriel
submunitions. Block I can attack soft
area targets at ranges well beyond the ca-
Raytheon Co.
174 ARMY ■ October 2017
pability of existing cannons and rockets.
Targets include surface-to-surface mis-
sile and multiple rocket launcher units;
air defense systems; logistics elements;
and command, control and communi-
cations complexes. The Block IA, with
enhanced accuracy enabled by GPS aug-
mentation to its inertial guidance capa-
bility, has a range of 300 kilometers.
The Unitary missile variants integrate
a unitary warhead in place of antiperson-
nel/antimateriel submunitions to sup-
port battlefield commanders who need
a weapon with precise guidance and
minimized collateral damage. The M48
quick-reaction Unitary missile is an all-
weather, long-range missile with a
high-explosive warhead. The M48 is
converted from a Block IA missile to
the unitary configuration by replacing
the anti-personnel/anti-materiel submu-
nitions with a proven unitary warhead
and fuze. The missile has a range of 270
kilometers and provides the Army the
capability to attack high-payoff, time-
sensitive targets without placing combat
or support aircraft and crews at risk. Its
precision accuracy, the absence of po-
tential submunition duds and reduced
lethal radii overcome collateral damage
concerns. The M48 evolved into the
M57 2000 variant with upgraded verti-
cal impact capability to minimize target
altitude error. This vertical impact ca-
pability maximizes warhead effects in
complex urban and mountain terrain.
As part of a Service Life Extension Pro-
gram, expired Block I/IA missiles are
converted into an M57 Unitary configu-
ration with a range of 300 kilometers.
Fielding is scheduled for fiscal 2017–18.
Over 600 missiles have been fired in
support of combat operations.
The next-generation Long-Range Pre-
cision Fires missile will replace the Army
tactical missile system capability and en-
able an incremental strategy for future
growth. Long-Range Precision Fires ex-
tends the MLRS family of munitions
range to beyond 400 kilometers to pro-
vide commanders with greater flexibility
to increase standoff and range on event,
expand lateral engagement capability,
and ultimately keep warfighters safer
against counterfire.
Other major improvements over the
older missiles include increased lethality
and loadout while meeting insensitive
and cluster munition policy requirements
and military-code GPS guidance. Long-
Range Precision Fires will be compat-
ible with the Army’s current MLRS
M270A1 and the High-Mobility Ar-
tillery Rocket System launchers. Long-
Range Precision Fires is executing with
two competing designs in the technol-
ogy maturation and risk reduction phase
with a planned initial operational capa-
bility in fiscal 2027. The development
and procurement of Long-Range Preci-
sion Fires provide a precision fires capa-
bility to combatant commanders in the
complex operational environment of the
21st century.
Rendering of a
DeepStrike missile,
the Army’s next-
generation surface-
to-surface weapon.
 Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors
U.S. Army/Bill Roche

A soldier sets up cyber tools at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, Calif.

T he Program Executive Office for Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sen-

sors is made up of five project managers dedicated to designing, delivering
and sustaining advanced technologies to give soldiers the decisive edge.
The office, known as PEO IEW&S, develops and integrates sensors and sensor data
across technologies, ensuring that warfighters have a complete understanding of
the battlefield. PEO IEW&S is responsible for a combination of more than 100 pro-
grams of record and quick-reaction capabilities. By providing sensors, radars, intel-
ligence collection and dissemination equipment, soldiers are given a complete pic-
ture of the battlespace.
Representative programs within the office include the Electronic Warfare Plan-
ning and Management Tool, the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and
Surveillance System, and the Common Infrared Countermeasures system.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 175

Electronic Warfare Planning “That’s kind of how the model of this ficer, the second drop targets the spec-
Management Tool works,” Dorrer said. “We can do more trum manager, with expanded capabili-
As its name implies, the new Elec- rapid changes. We can pace the threat ties that allow for frequency assignment,
tronic Warfare Planning Management better. As the threat evolves, we can frequency integration and deconfliction
Tool is a tool for the electronic warfare pace the threat and be more adaptive to within the area of operation. It will also
officer to plan and manage electronic changes in the environment that we’ll be allow, for the first time, communications
warfare capabilities within the Army. It operating in.” between echelons; using the existing
facilitates the seamless integration of the However, while original plans called Army network to exchange data from
electronic warfare officer into the mili- for fielding the first capability drop at one Electronic Warfare Planning and
tary decision-making process. just two sites, Army leadership decided Management Tool to another.
According to Lt. Col. Marc Dorrer, to expand the fielding to an additional Current projections are that broad
U.S. Army product manager for elec- 19 brigades across the Army. That ex- fielding of the second drop will occur in
tronic warfare integration, it marks the panded fielding has begun. 2019.
first time that the electronic warfare of- Development of a second capabil- Ongoing evaluations of the early ca-
ficer will have a specialized tool he or she ity drop should have been completed in pability drops are also being used to in-
can integrate into that military decision- August and will enter testing later this form future system capability drops, with
making process and influence a com- year. Differences between the two drops capability drop three slated to start de-
mander’s decision. include targeting of different MOSs. velopment in fiscal 2018 and fielding
The program focuses on four “capa- While the first drop was designed for around fiscal 2020.
bility drops” within the first increment application by the electronic warfare of- “I believe that the first battle of the next
of the Electronic Warfare Planning and
Management Tool. Initial drops will
introduce the system on a server design,
but plans for the third drop project are to
move it to a laptop computer.
In terms of capabilities, the initial drop
includes modeling, simulating, planning
and anticipating different electronic
warfare effects—whether friendly, foe
or gray—and integrating the electronic
warfare officer into the military deci-
sion-making process.
The configuration has reached ini-
tial operational capability and has been
fielded to an Army training site and a
brigade.
The initial program intent was to limit
the initial drop to those two locations and
then incrementally provide expanded ca-
pabilities while using those locations to
provide a continuous feedback loop with
the warfighter. Program representatives
summarized the approach as “getting it
to the schoolhouse and one brigade and
then receiving feedback so we can incor-
porate that into our second capability
drop and provide better capability.”
U.S. Army

The Army is engineering software

against electronic warfare threats.

176 ARMY ■ October 2017

 ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE
2018

GLOBAL FORCE
SYMPOSIUM
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U.S. Army
A rendering of the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance Surveillance System.
war is going to be over the spectrum,”
Dorrer said. “And whoever can dominate
the spectrum is going to have a signifi-
cant competitive advantage throughout
the next battle, war or engagement that
we have. And I think that’s backed by
lessons learned from observing some
near-peers.”
Enhanced Medium Altitude
Reconnaissance Surveillance System
The Enhanced Medium Altitude
Reconnaissance Surveillance System
(EMARSS) is a manned multi-intelli-
gence fixed-wing system that provides
tactical commanders real-time or near-
real-time actionable intelligence in the
areas of the capabilities of full-motion
video, signals intelligence light detection
and ranging, wide-area surveillance, and
a synthetic aperture radar/moving target
indicator.
Full-motion video, for example, pro-
vides the Army with enhanced target
acquisition and tracking capabilities.
In another example, light detection
and ranging provides laser tracking and
mapping of targets, allowing things like
3-D imaging of buildings, caves and
landscapes. Wide-area surveillance is ef-
178 ARMY ■ October 2017
fectively a wide-area full-motion video
allowing users to track entire cities or
large areas at one time. And synthetic
aperture radar/moving target indication
allows the tracking of personnel and ve-
hicles as they move in an area of interest.
The Enhanced Medium Altitude Re-
connaissance Surveillance System is
mounted on a Beechcraft 350ER aircraft.
According to Eric Hughes, deputy as-
sistant program manager for EMARSS,
over the past two years the system has
been in the engineering and manufac-
turing development phase, during which
four systems (aircraft) were successfully
tested and fielded to the 224th Military
Intelligence Battalion in Savannah, Ga.
He noted that three of those systems
have been deployed for the past year to
various areas of responsibility.
The Army will build an additional
20 EMARSS aircraft for a fleet of 24
systems.
Because of the relatively small size of
the aircraft, Hughes said, the complete
system will not be carried on every plat-
form. Instead, it will be configured for
specific mission operations.
To facilitate this process, he said, the
system is broken into four categories or
variants. The four systems already fielded
to the 224th Military Intelligence Bat-
talion are the “S,” or signals intelligence,
variant, with capability for signals intel-
ligence and full-motion video. The “V,”
or Vader, will carry full-motion video
and signals intelligence capabilities as
well as synthetic aperture radar/mov-
ing target indication radar. The “M,” or
Multi-Intelligence, will carry full-motion
video and signals intelligence capabili-
ties. And the “G,” or Geospatial Intel-
ligence, carries full-motion video and
either light detection and ranging or
wide-area surveillance capability. Both
are interchangeable capabilities on the
G variant platform but are not carried
simultaneously due to size, weight and
power concerns.
“Those [additional 20] systems are in
the process of being built,” Hughes said.
“We actually just finished an operational
test event in Fort Huachuca, [Ariz.] in
May, and we are in the process of deliv-
ering these aircraft to the 224th Military
Intelligence Battalion in Savannah and
to the 15th Military Intelligence Bat-
talion in Fort Hood, Texas, right now,
with deployments projected in fiscal
2018.”
 2018 AUSA
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 Additional aircraft will be fielded to
the 304th Military Intelligence Bat-
talion, part of the U.S. Army Training
and Doctrine Command training base at
Fort Huachuca. Fielding is anticipated to
be completed by fiscal 2019.
Hughes said the airplanes have a com-
plete communications system onboard
via satellite, allowing communications all
the way back to the U.S. to processing,
exploitation and dissemination sites such
as Fort Gordon, Ga., where Army ana-
lysts can perform any necessary “data
crunching.”
Additionally, line-of-sight communi-
cations into the Distributed Common
Ground System-Army facilitate the
availability of critical data for warfight-
ers on the ground.
“With a lot of the productions that
are going on right now, we are recapi-
talizing some quick-reaction capabilities
that were developed and have been in
the fight overseas for some years now,”
Hughes said. “So we have lots of lessons
Northrop Grumman Corp.
180 ARMY ■ October 2017
learned and incorporate those for cost
and performance benefits. Bringing the
investments that have already gone into
these quick-reaction capabilities into the
program of record has saved the program
of record easily well over $100 million.”
Summarizing the warfighter benefits
of EMARSS, Hughes highlighted sup-
port to multiple mission types and other
system capabilities, stating, “It provides
near-real-time dissemination of the in-
telligence data collected onboard. It
can support tactical missions, mission
overwatch, pattern of life analysis, with
all these different capabilities described
before, [and] can even assist with dis-
seminating the information to forward
ground soldiers in the fight by providing
them a video feed or intelligence data
collected about something around the
corner.”
He continued, “Honestly, the take-
away message is that EMARSS is a
success story that looks like it will be
completed and fielded by fiscal 2019.
Common Infrared
Countermeasures.
And then in the future we will look at
possible sensor upgrades.”
Common Infrared Countermeasures
The Common Infrared Counter-
measures program is part of the Army’s
suite of aircraft survivability equipment
on rotary-wing and small fixed-wing
aircraft. It is the next-generation, light-
weight, laser-based infrared countermea-
sures component that will interface with
the Army’s Common Missile Warning
System and future missile warning sys-
tems to defeat current and emerging
manportable air defense systems.
According to Lt. Col. Rodney Turner,
U.S. Army product manager for counter-
measures in the office of Project Man-
ager for Aircraft Survivability Equip-
ment, Northrop Grumman Corp. is the
prime contractor for the system, which
consists of two pointer/trackers, each
attached to a laser, and a single system
processor unit that controls the activities
of pointer/trackers as well as the lasers.
When joined with either a current
missile warning system or one under de-
velopment, the Common Infrared Coun-
termeasures will receive a threat handoff
from the warning system and jam the
missile by using laser energy to degrade
the tracking capability of the missile and
cause it to miss the aircraft.
The system is in the engineering and
manufacturing development phase of the
acquisition cycle, with a UH-60 Mike
model Black Hawk aircraft that has been
modified with the new system currently
undergoing ground testing prior to flight
test. Program representatives noted that
results of the current ground testing will
determine when the system will enter
flight tests.
“For the soldier taking the fight to the
enemy, he or she is supported by avia-
tion through all aspects of the battle,”
Turner said. “And for the combatant
commander, all aspects of the battle use
aviation assets. From attack aircraft pro-
viding support to ground troops to the lo-
gistics support provided by cargo aircraft,
aviation has become part of any modern
conflict. It is the [Project Manager for
Aircraft Survivability Equipment’s] goal
to bring soldiers home safely and the
[Common Infrared Countermeasures
program] is an integral part of the capa-
bilities used to accomplish that goal.”
 Command, Control, Communications-Tactical
U.S. Army/Spc. Jordan Buck

Manpack radios.

T he Program Executive Office Command, Control, Communications-Tactical

develops, acquires, fields and supports the Army’s Mission Command network
to ensure force readiness. This critical Army modernization priority delivers tactical
communications so commanders and soldiers can stay connected and informed
at all times, even in the most austere and hostile environments.
Representative examples of ongoing activities can be found in Tactical Data Ra-
dios, Mission Command applications and the Tactical Network.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 181

 Tactical Data Radios
Managed by Program Executive Of-
fice Command, Control, Communica-
tions-Tactical (PEO C3T), the Army’s
Tactical Data Radios effort is develop-
ing and fielding software-defined tacti-
cal radio systems, fielding and sustain-
ing legacy/current force tactical radio
systems, and developing and integrating
advanced waveforms that enable the Ar-
my’s radios to transmit voice and data.
Currently, three main tactical data radio
efforts are in development and fielding.
The Handheld, Manpack and Small
Form Fit (HMS) program provides the
Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force
with a family of software-programmable
and hardware-configurable digital radios
that increase interoperability, flexibility
and adaptability to support tactical com-
munications. The radios include the
Rifleman Radio, which is a lightweight,
U.S. Army
Rifleman Radio.
182 ARMY ■ October 2017
rugged body-worn radio that transmits
voice and data simultaneously, and the
Manpack Radio, a two-channel radio
that is mounted in vehicles or used for
dismounted operations.
HMS is interoperable with currently
fielded radios by using Single Channel
Ground and Airborne waveform and ul-
trahigh frequency satellite communica-
tions. HMS also uses the Soldier Radio
Waveform for voice and data connec-
tivity and will make use of the satellite-
based Mobile User Objective System to
equip soldiers with global connectivity.
The Manpack and Rifleman radios are
being fielded to priority Army brigade
combat teams as part of capability set
fielding efforts.
Also fielding to a limited number of
brigade combat teams is the Mid-Tier
Networking Vehicular Radio. The sys-
tem provides the terrestrial link for the
Army’s tactical network, enabling the
extension of Mission Command through
seamless integration from the upper tac-
tical network at brigade and battalion
level to the lower tactical network at
company and platoon echelons. The ra-
dio’s capability consists of two-channel
modular radios capable of running soft-
ware-defined waveforms, which operate
as nodes in a network to ensure secure
wireless communication and networking
services for mobile and stationary forces.
The capability supports transmission
of Mission Command data, sensor-to-
shooter information, sustainment and
survivability applications across the bri-
gade combat team.
In development is the Small Airborne
Networking Radio, which will help ex-
tend the data network between ground
and air platforms. This radio is a software-
programmable, multiband, mobile ad hoc
network radio that will provide simulta-
neous voice, data and video communi-
cations. It will maintain air-ground in-
teroperability between maneuver ground
forces and aviation and will provide sup-
port to Apache, Chinook, Black Hawk
and the unmanned Gray Eagle aircraft.
Mission Command Applications
The rapid pace of operations during
the past 16 years has led to an incre-
mental growth in fielded Mission Com-
mand software and hardware systems
baselines as units have required capabili-
ties to overcome unforeseen technologi-
cal threats from adversaries. Operational
necessities lead to a significant growth in
the number of software baselines that
reside in operational units across Army
service components.
Today, the Army has initiated prac-
tices to reduce the number of software
baselines to minimize unit integration
burden, lessen network complexity and
implement network standardization
throughout the force.
Spearheaded by PEO C3T’s Product
Manager Mission Command, the Army
is making a significant investment to re-
duce the number of disparate systems—
eventually driving to just two network
baselines. Starting in August, more than
400 worldwide active Army, Reserve
and National Guard units, from bat-
talion through corps, were to begin to
be synchronized with common levels of
 Mission Command software applica-
tions. This aggressive timetable will be
completed in two years and level-set the
Army on a single network software base-
line standard while preparing for the im-
plementation of the emerging comput-
ing environments, which will drive the
next level of commonality of warfighting
functions and support hardware.
Joint Battle Command-Platform is the
Army’s next-generation friendly force
tracking system that equips soldiers with
a faster satellite network, secure data
encryption and advanced logistics. The
vehicle-mounted system uses a touch-
screen display with an intuitive inter-
face, similar to what soldiers are accus-
tomed to with personal smartphones
and tablets.
The system expands command post
capabilities beyond tactical operations
centers and into the field. It gives units
a complete operational picture so sol-
diers—inside and outside vehicles—
U.S. Army

can synchronize missions. Recognizing

the high soldier demand for the system
The Joint Battle Command-Platform is an upgrade to the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and and its significant impact on operations
Below/Blue Force Tracking system. and soldier survivability, the Army has

Recent Publications All publications are available at:

https://www.ausa.org/ilw
from the Institute of Land Warfare

ILW Spotlight Special Reports

(October 2016)
(July 2017)
by Vicki Cody (also available in Spanish)
(April 2017)
National Security Watch
Land Warfare Papers

by Scott S. Haraburda (August 2017) by Douglas W. Merritt

(February 2016)

NCO Update
by Amos C. Fox and Andrew J.
Rossow (April 2017) (1st Quarter 2017)

by Torchbearer Issue Papers

Steven Estes, Joel M. Miller and Marcus D. Majure
(November 2016) (February 2016)
(June 2016)
Landpower Essays
by Christopher L. Budihas (October 2016) by Elihigh Abner
(May 2016)
(June 2017)
Defense Reports
by Michael B. Kim
(June 2016) (June 2016) by Amos C. Fox (June 2016)

October 2017 ■ ARMY 183

 directed accelerated fielding of the sys-
tem. This will result in full operational ca-
pability by 2023, two years ahead of plan.
The Army first fielded Joint Battle
Command-Platform in May 2015, and
it serves as the upgrade to the Force XXI
Battle Command Brigade and Below/
Blue Force Tracking system, as well as
Joint Capabilities Release. These plat-
forms are fielded to every brigade com-
bat team in the Army and reside in each
command post. The system is delivered
to soldiers through the Mounted Fam-
ily of Computer Systems, the mandated
standard vehicle-based end-user screen
for the Joint Battle Command-Platform
application. The system’s capability also
provides the backbone to the mounted
computing environment, part of the Ar-
my’s Common Operating Environment
construct.
The Command Post Computing En-
vironment transforms the command
post by consolidating the capabilities
for missions related to fires, logistics,
intelligence, airspace management and
maneuver into a single intuitive envi-
ronment. The Common Services layer
is the true power within the Command
Post Computing Environment, en-
Vehicle equipped with Warfighter
Information Network-Tactical.
U.S. Army/Amy Walker
184 ARMY ■ October 2017
abling a significant reduction in unique
system hardware and software by lever-
aging integrated maps, chat, messag-
ing, common look and feel, data ser-
vices and other services.
The Command Post Computing En-
vironment will enable the Army to de-
velop and field interoperable applica-
tions through web-based technologies.
Scheduled to begin early fielding in the
2019 time frame, it gives commanders a
consolidated warfighting picture on a sin-
gular workstation, enhancing their ability
to make rapid adjustments according to
the combat situation. Soldiers will ben-
efit from a common look and feel of in-
formation, no matter what they are view-
ing it from, including a laptop, handheld
device or mounted device.
Tactical Network
In today’s complex world, the Army’s
continually evolving suite of unified ex-
peditionary tactical network transport
equipment is improving U.S. force readi-
ness to rapidly deploy, maneuver and
fight right-sized units across multiple
contested domains at every stage of op-
erations. The tactical network transport
capabilities include Warfighter Informa-
tion Network-Tactical (WIN-T) equip-
ment, satellite communication capability
and expeditionary signal modernization
technology to bring the network to highly
mobile forces.
Core WIN-T equipment provides a
secure, robust and redundant tactical
network, enabling cohesive tactical Mis-
sion Command operations, voice, video
and data communications and critical
situational awareness. It operates at-
the-quick-halt, at-the-halt at a station-
ary command post, and on-the-move in
WIN-T-equipped tactical vehicles. The
mobile WIN-T capability enables de-
ployed commanders and soldiers oper-
ating in remote and challenging terrain
to maintain network communications
while on patrol, with connectivity rival-
ing that found in a stationary command
post. WIN-T provides line-of-sight
and beyond-line-of-sight capabilities
for maximum network effectiveness, ef-
ficiency and operational flexibility.
Additionally, unified network opera-
tions tools make it easier for communi-
cations officers (S6s/G-6s) to plan, man-
age and defend the vast tactical Mission
Command network, increasing its secu-
rity and strength. The Army continues

U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Pedro Garcia Bibian
Transportable Tactical Command Communications provides communications and Mission
Command via the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical.
to enhance its Core WIN-T transport
capabilities to improve network security,
interoperability, efficiency and capability,
while reducing size, weight and power
requirements for increased speed of ma-
neuver and operational flexibility. WIN-
T systems are being fielded and sustained
across the Army, Army Reserve and
Army National Guard.
The Army’s arsenal of integrated Tacti-
cal Network satellite communications also
includes Enroute Mission Command,
which provides the Global Response
Force with critical in-flight Mission
Command, plane-to-plane and plane-to-
ground communications so commanders
can keep ahead of changing battle space
conditions en route to an objective. Once
on the ground and an airfield is seized,
soldiers can rapidly set up their transport-
able tactical command communication
inflatable satellite terminal. This terminal
enables continuity of Mission Command
during the initial phases of operation, pro-
viding robust high-bandwidth network
communications and Mission Command
for early entry and forward operations.
Other scalable satellite communica-
tion capabilities range in size from a
suitcase to a small house and include
such systems as the Secure, Mobile,
Anti-Jam, Reliable, Tactical–Terminal,
a protected satellite communication ca-
pability that operates in highly contested
environments such as radio frequency
signal interference and signal detection.
The Army’s signal modernization tool
suite provides expeditionary network
communication for early entry units
and units at the farthest tactical edge.
Capabilities include increased range
and bandwidth, the ability to operate
in satellite communication-denied en-
vironments, and significant reductions
in size, weight and power over legacy
capability. The versatile signal modern-
ization tool suite includes a new high-
bandwidth range-extending Terrestrial
Transmission radio and Troposcatter
Transmission capability; the Modular
Communications Node-Advanced En-
clave, which supports intelligence users
over the WIN-T network; and secure
wireless and 4G LTE capabilities. The
Disaster Incident Response Emergency
Communications Terminal tool suite
leverages some of the signal moderniza-
tion and Core WIN-T capabilities to
enable Army National Guard soldiers to
provide first responders and nongovern-
mental agencies with interoperable net-
work and phone communications during
disaster response and other homeland
missions.
The AUSA Book Program offers quality military books
about Army heritage, military theory and policy and
military force in the modern world.
For more information, visit www.ausa.org/books.
At the Decisive Point in the Sinai: Generalship in
the Yom Kippur War by Maj. Gen. Jacob Even, IDF
Ret., and Col. Simcha B. Maoz, IDF Ret. (University
Press of Kentucky, 5 September 2017)
Wars of Modern Babylon: A History of the Iraqi
Army from 1921 to 2003 by Col. Pesach Malovany,
IDF Ret. (University Press of Kentucky, 4 July 2017)
Ranger: A Soldier’s Life by Col. Ralph Puckett, USA
Ret. (University Press of Kentucky, 7 March 2017)
The Budapest Operation: An Operational–
Strategic Study edited by Richard Harrison, Ph.D.
(Helion and Company, 12 June 2017)
The Battle of Kursk: The Red Army’s Defensive
Operations and Counter-Offensive, July–August
1943 edited by Richard Harrison, Ph.D. (Helion and
Company, 19 August 2016)
The Iasi–Kishinev Operation: The Red Army’s
Summer Offensive Into the Balkans edited by
Richard Harrison, Ph.D. (Helion and Company, 19
August 2017)
Architect of Airpower: General Laurence S. Kuter
and the Birth of the U.S. Air Force by Brian Laslie,
Ph.D. (University Press of Kentucky, 6 October 2017)
Lossberg’s War: The World War I Memoirs of a
German Chief of Stafff edited by Maj. Gen. David
Zabecki, USA Ret., and Lt. Col. Dieter J. Biedekarken,
USA Ret. (5 September 2017)
Inside Israel’s Northern Command: The Yom
Kippur War on the Syrian Border edited by Brig.
Gen. Dani Asher, IDF Ret. (University Press of
Kentucky, 8 February 2016)
Forward with Patton: The World War II Diary of
Colonel Robert S. Allen by Robert S. Allen
(University Press of Kentucky, 4 August 2017)
October 2017 ■ ARMY 185
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 Posts &
Installations
U.S. Army/Patrick A. Albright

Raising the flag at

Fort Benning, Ga.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 187

 This section includes posts and installations primarily supporting the active Army in the continental Unit-
ed States, Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico. Ammunition plants and installations in caretaker or inactive
status have been excluded.
■ Acreages reflect real estate under Department of the Army control.
■ The DSN and commercial telephone numbers listed are for operator assistance.
■ Data is current as of Aug. 25 and is based on information supplied by each post or installation.

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 and 21010. Established
1917; home to more than 95 separate activities, serving as re-
search, development, test and evaluation center of excellence for
land combat systems; medical research; chemical and biological
defense; command, control, communications, computers, intelli-
gence, surveillance and reconnaissance; and information systems.
Major commands include U.S. Army Communications-Electronics
Cmd.; U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Cmd.;
U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Cmd.; Aberdeen Test Ctr.; 20th
CBRNE; U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency; U.S. Army Medical
Research Institute of Chemical Defense; Army Public Health Ctr.;
U.S. Army Research Laboratory; and various program executive of-
fices including Ground Combat Systems, Biological Defense, and
Intelligence Electronic Warfare and Sensors; 22,000 personnel;
72,500 acres, 23 miles northeast of Baltimore. DSN: 298-5201; 410-
278-5201.
Anniston Army Depot, AL 36201. Opened 1941; repairs and
retrofits combat tracked vehicles, artillery, small-arms weaponry,
components and locomotives; provides distribution services; man-
ages, issues, stores, demilitarizes and ships conventional ammuni-
tion; 3,900 civ., including tenants and contractors; 15,000 acres ad-
jacent to Pelham Range, 10 miles west of Anniston. DSN: 571-1110;
256-235-7501.
Fort A.P. Hill, VA 22427. Winner of Army Communities of Ex-
cellence Award in 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2015; supports chal-
lenging and realistic training for special operations, conven-
tional active-duty, National Guard and Reserve units from
across the joint force as well as other organizations and activi-
ties; 76,000 acres; 27,000-acre live-fire range complex; 45,000-
acre light and heavy maneuver complex. DSN: 578-8324/8120;
804-633-8324/8120.

U.S. Army/Capt. Matthew Roman

New Jersey National

Guard soldiers team
with aviation assets
from the 101st Air-
borne Division during
an exercise at Fort
A.P. Hill, Va.

188 ARMY ■ October 2017

U.S. Army/Patrick A. Albright
Fort Benning, Ga.
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. Established 1912; named after manor
house of Col. William Fairfax, the ruins of which remain on instal-
lation; home to more than 50,000 soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines
and DoD employees; supports nation’s military leaders worldwide
in critical intelligence, medical, logistical, administrative, and com-
mand-and-control functions fulfilled by more than 140 mission
partners and satellite organizations; largest installation of U.S. Army
Military District of Washington; major tenants include National
Geospatial–Intelligence Agency; Fort Belvoir Community Hospi-
tal; Defense Logistics Agency; U.S. Army Cyber Cmd.; U.S. Missile
Defense Agency; U.S. Army Legal Services Agency; Office of Chief
of Army Reserve; Defense Contract Audit Agency; Washington HQ
Services; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Defense Acquisition
University; U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Cmd.; Defense In-
telligence Agency; Night-Vision and Electronics Sensors Director-
ate; Davison Army Airfield; 29th Inf. Div. of Virginia Army National
Guard; approx. 10,000 mil., 40,000 civ.; 8,656 acres; controls four
noncontiguous properties in Va. including Main Post at Mount Ver-
non, Mark Ctr. in Alexandria, Belvoir North Area in Springfield and
Rivanna Station near Charlottesville. DSN: 685-5001; 703-805-5001.
Fort Benning, GA 31905. Established 1918; named after Confeder-
ate Maj. Gen. Henry L. Benning; home of Maneuver Ctr. of Excel-
lence; Army Marksmanship Unit; Task Force 1st Battalion, 28th
Infantry Regiment; Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Co-
operation; 75th Ranger Rgt.; 199th Inf. Bde.; 198th Inf. Bde.; 194th
Armored Bde.; 316th Cav. Bde.; Martin Army Community Hospital;
Medical Department Activity; Airborne and Ranger Training Bde.;
32,358 mil., 10,540 civ.; 182,311 acres, 9 miles south of Columbus.
DSN: 835-2011; 706-545-2011.
Fort Bliss, TX 79916 and 79918. Established as post opposite
El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juarez), Mexico, in 1849;
named after Lt. Col. William Wallace Smith Bliss; ranked No. 1 in
military value by 2006 base realignment and closure commission;
largest joint mobilization station in DoD; largest training area in
the Army at nearly 1 million acres; largest U.S. Army Forces Cmd.
installation at 1.2 million acres. Fort Bliss is home of 1st Armored
Div.; 1st, 2nd and 3rd Bde. Combat Teams, 1AD Combat Avn. Bde.;
1AD Division Artillery; 1st Sustainment Bde.; U.S. Army Sergeants
Major Academy; Joint Modernization Command; NORTHCOM’s
Joint Task Force North; William Beaumont Army Medical Ctr.; 32nd
Army Air and Missile Defense Cmd.; 11th Air Defense Artillery Bde.;
5th Armored Bde.; and 402nd Field Artillery Bde. One of the Army’s
most modern posts; most energy-efficient homes in the Army;
“Freedom Crossing” Shopping Mall PX complex; front-runner in
green technologies and energy efficiency; home of world’s largest
inland desalination plant; approx. 34,000 mil., 12,742 civ.; 1.2 mil-
lion acres. DSN: 978-2121; 915-568-2121.
Blue Grass Army Depot, KY 40475. Established 1941; conventional
ammunition depot with primary mission of performing standard
depot operations (storage, receipt, inspection, maintenance, demili-
tarization) of conventional munitions, missiles, nonstandard ammu-
October 2017 ■ ARMY 189
nition and chemical def. equipment for all DoD services; approx. 560
personnel; 14,500 acres, 4 miles south of Richmond. DSN: 745-6941;
859-779-6941.
Fort Bragg, NC 28310. Established as a field artillery site in 1918;
named after Maj. Braxton Bragg, who later served as a general in
the Confederate Army; home of Airborne and Special Ops. forces;
U.S. Army Forces Cmd.; U.S. Army Rsv. Cmd.; XVIII Abn. Corps; U.S.
Army Special Ops. Cmd.; Joint Special Ops. Cmd.; 82nd Abn. Div.;
1st Sustainment Cmd. (Theater); U.S. Army Special Forces Cmd.;
U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Ctr. and School; U.S.
Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Ops. Cmd.; U.S. Army Special
Ops. Avn. Cmd.; 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne); 4th Training
Bde. (ROTC); 20th Engineer Bde.; 108th Air Defense Artillery Bde.;
44th Medical Bde.; 16th MP Bde.; 525th Battlefield Surveillance
Bde.; Golden Knights; and Womack Army Medical Ctr.; 54,806 mil.,
14,469 civ.; 162,816 acres, 10 miles northwest of Fayetteville, 50
miles south of Raleigh. DSN: 236-0011; 910-396-0011.
Fort Campbell, KY 42223. Opened 1942; named after Brig. Gen.
William B. Campbell, hero of Mexican War and Tenn. governor;
home of 101st Abn. Div. (Air Assault); 5th Special Forces Group
(Abn.); 160th Special Ops. Avn. Rgt. (Abn.); and 52nd Ordnance
Grp.; 29,486 mil., 8,355 civ., 56,355 family members; 105,068 acres,
15 miles south of Hopkinsville, 10 miles northwest of Clarksville,
Tenn., 50 miles northwest of Nashville. DSN: 635-1110; 270-798-
2151.
A family interacts with the digital Hall of Heroes wall at the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, Fort Bragg, N.C.
190 ARMY ■ October 2017
Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013. Established 1757; only full-service
Army base in Pa.; site of U.S. Army War College; educates and de-
velops leaders for service at strategic level through resident and
distance Military Education Level-1 programs, Combined/Joint
Force Land Component Cmd. Course, Strategic Leader Seminars,
Defense Strategy Course, Functional Area 59 Basic Strategic Art
Program and more; major USAWC organizations are School of
Strategic Landpower, Ctr. for Strategic Leadership, and Army Heri-
tage and Education Ctr.; tenants include Dunham U.S. Army Health
Clinic and Carlisle Barracks Dental Cmd.; 590 mil., 1,008 civ., 1,716
family members; 459 acres, 18 miles southwest of Harrisburg. DSN:
242-3131; 717-245-3131.
Fort Carson, CO 80913. Established 1942; named after Brig. Gen.
Christopher “Kit” Carson; home of 4th Inf. Div.; 10th Special Forces
Group (Airborne); 4th Engineer Bn.; 627th Hospital Ctr.; 10th Field
Hospital; 759th MP Bn.; 71st Ordnance Group; Medical Department
Activity-Fort Carson Evans Army Community Hospital; Colorado
National Guard Regional Training Institute; and 13th Air Support
Ops. Squadron; 26,000 mil., 6,300 civ.; 137,000 acres adjacent to
Colorado Springs and 236,000 acres at Piñon Canyon Maneuver
Site near Trinidad. DSN: 691-5811; 719-526-5811.
Corpus Christi Army Depot, TX 78419. Opened 1961; sustains
rotary-wing aircraft, engines and components including AH-64,
CH-47, UH-60 and HH-60 for joint ops.; supports Army accident
investigations; assesses, evaluates and repairs forward-deployed
U.S. Army/Sgt. Kyle Fisch
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Soldiers with the 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team attach a howitzer to a Black Hawk helicopter at Fort Drum, N.Y.
aircraft and components; provides hands-on helicopter mainte-
nance training for active duty, Army Reserve and National Guard;
approx. 3,501 civ., 669 contractors; 8 active-duty and 22 Person-
nel Force Innovation soldiers; 158 acres and 2.3 million square
feet of industrial space at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi. Con-
tact information available at www.ccad.army.mil/contact.html.
Fort Detrick, MD 21702. Established 1943; named after Army flight
surgeon Maj. Frederick Louis Detrick; community includes more
than 50 tenant organizations representing five Cabinet-level agen-
cies and all armed services; major areas are medical research, stra-
tegic communications (signal) and defense medical logistics; ap-
prox. 1,900 mil., 8,500 civ.; 1,341 acres at main post in Frederick and
Forest Glen Annex in Silver Spring. DSN: 343-8000; 301-619-8000.
U.S. Army Garrison–Detroit Arsenal, Warren, MI 48397. Estab-
lished 1971; provides support services for Detroit Arsenal tenant
organizations including U.S. Army TACOM Life Cycle Management
Cmd., Program Executive Office Ground Combat Systems, PEO Com-
bat Support and Combat Service Support, PEO Integration, and Tank
Automotive Research Development and Engineering Ctr.; 230 mil.,
7,800 civ.; 169 acres, 10 miles north of Detroit, 20 miles southwest
of Selfridge Air National Guard Base. DSN: 786-5000; 586-282-5000.
Fort Drum, NY 13602. Established 1907; renamed after Lt. Gen.
Hugh A. Drum, commander, First Army, 1938–1943; home of 10th
192 ARMY ■ October 2017
U.S. Army National Guard/Sgt. Alexander Rector
Mountain Div. (Light Inf.); 15,457 mil., 3,865 civ.; 108,733 acres, 8
miles north of Watertown, 78 miles north of Syracuse. DSN: 772-
6011; 315-772-6011.
Dugway Proving Ground, UT 84022. Established 1942; the na-
tion’s leading test center for chemical and biological defense,
and countering chemical, biological, radiological and explosive
hazards; 3 mil., 1,500 civ.; 798,218 acres, 85 miles southwest of
Salt Lake City. DSN: 789-2116; 435-831-2116.
Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska. See Joint Bases.
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Ctr. (ERDC),
MS 39180-6199. Established in 1929 by U.S. Army Corps of En-
gineers (USACE) as Waterways Experiment Station; now serves
as ERDC HQ; home to four of seven USACE/ERDC laborato-
ries—Coastal and Hydraulics, Geotechnical and Structures,
Environmental, and Information Technology; provides inno-
vative technology solutions for warfighter, military insts., wa-
ter resources and environmental issues for USACE, DoD and
nation; home of USACE Reachback Ops. Ctr., supporting all
contingency operations worldwide; home to one of five ma-
jor DoD high-performance computing centers; named Army
Research and Development Laboratory of the Year 10 times in
past 20 years; 10 mil., 1,700 civ.; 694 acres in Vicksburg. DSN:
312-446-3111; 601-634-3111.
 U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Ctr.-Cold
Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-
CRREL), NH 03755. Established 1961; one of seven ERDC labo-
ratories; home of USACE Remote Sensing/Geographic Informa-
tion System Ctr. of Expertise and unique cold facilities; solves
interdisciplinary, strategically important problems for nation,
warfighter and USACE by advancing and applying science and
engineering to complex environments, materials and processes
in all seasons and climates; maintains unique core competen-
cies related to Earth’s cold regions; 2 mil., 250 civ.; 30 acres at
Hanover; staff field office in Fairbanks, Alaska. 603-646-4100.
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Ctr.-Construc-
tion Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL), IL 61826. Es-
tablished 1968; one of seven laboratories in U.S. Army Engineer Re-
search and Development Ctr.; conducts research and development
for USACE and Army programs in military facilities construction,
operations, maintenance, energy conservation and environmental
quality, including pollution prevention, compliance and natural re-
source management; 270 civ.; 33 acres at Champaign. 217-352-6511.
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Ctr.-Geospa-
tial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL), VA 22315. Established in
1960 by USACE as Topographic Engineering Ctr.; one of seven
ERDC laboratories; conducts geospatial research, development,
technology and evaluation of current and emerging geospatial
technologies that will help characterize and measure phenomena
within physical (terrain) and social (cultural) environments en-
U.S. Army/Wilson A. Rivera
countered by Army; 90 civ.; offices at Fort Belvoir. DSN: 312-328-
6655; 703-428-6655.
Gillem Enclave, GA 30297. Opened 1941; named after Lt. Gen. Al-
van C. Gillem Jr., Third Army commander, 1947–1950; site of 3rd
Medical Cmd., Defense Forensic Science Ctr. and military entrance
processing station; 2,207 members of active Army, Reserve and Na-
tional Guard, 413 civ.; 260 acres at Forest Park, 18 miles southeast
of Atlanta. DSN: 797-5000; 404-469-5000.
Fort Gordon, GA 30905. Opened 1941; named after Confederate
Gen. John Brown Gordon; home of Army Cyber Ctr. of Excellence;
Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Ctr.; HQ, 7th Signal Cmd.;
15,500 mil., 9,000 civ.; 55,596 acres, 12 miles southwest of Augusta.
DSN: 780-0110; 706-791-0110.
Fort Hamilton, NY 11252. Established in 1825 as part of New York
Harbor battery defense system; named for Alexander Hamilton;
headquartered by West Point, N.Y.; home to New York City Recruit-
ing Bn.; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Atlantic Div. HQ; New
York Military Entrance Processing Station, which is responsible for
processing more than 27,000 applicants each year; 1179th Deploy-
ment Support Bde.; N.Y. National Guard Task Force Empire Shield;
serves as secure federal location that provides administrative and
logistical support for Army, Defense Intelligence Agency, FBI, Se-
cret Service, U.S. Marshals, Dept. of Homeland Security and other
intelligence and counterterrorism agencies. DSN: 232-4101; 718-
630-4101.
ROTC cadets during
a joint field training
exercise at Fort
Gordon, Ga.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 193
Fort Hood, TX 76544. Opened 1942; named after Confederate
Gen. John Bell Hood; home of III Corps; 1st Cav. Div. (including 1st,
2nd, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Teams, 1st Air Cav. Bde., and
DIVARTY); 3rd Cav. Rgt.; First Army Div. West; Operational Test
Cmd.; 13th Sustainment Cmd. (Expeditionary); 1st Medical Bde.;
85th Civil Affairs Bde.; 36th Engineer Bde.; 48th Chemical Bde.;
89th MP Bde.; 504th Military Intelligence Bde.; 407th Field Support
Bde.; 69th Air Defense Artillery; 11th Signal Bde.; and Carl R. Darnall
Army Medical Ctr.; 39,928 mil., 4,710 civ.; 342 square miles adjacent
to Killeen, 60 miles north of Austin, 160 miles south of Dallas/Fort
Worth. DSN: 737-1110; 254-287-1110.
Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613. Opened 1877; home of Army Intel-
ligence Ctr. of Excellence; Network Enterprise Technology Cmd.;
Army Electronic Proving Ground; Information Systems Engineer-
ing Cmd.; and Joint Interoperability Test Cmd.; 4,684 mil., 3,357
civ.; 73,242 acres, 75 miles southeast of Tucson. DSN: 821-2330;
520-533-2330.
Hunter Army Airfield, GA 31409. Established 1940; named for
Army Air Corps Maj. Gen. Frank O’Driscoll Hunter; supports 3rd
Inf. Div., Combat Avn. Bde. and 1st Bn., 75th Ranger Rgt.; 3rd
Bn., 160th Special Ops. Avn. Rgt.; 224th Military Intelligence Bn.;
USMC Reserve Ctr.; 260th Quartermaster Bn.; 6th ROTC Bde.;
USCG Air Station Savannah; and 3rd MP Group; 6,200 mil., 740
civ.; 5,370 acres at Savannah. DSN: 729-5617; 912-315-5617.
Fort Irwin and National Training Ctr., CA 92310. Established
1940; named after Maj. Gen. George LeRoy Irwin, commander of
57th Field Artillery Bde. during World War I; home-station units in-
Armored vehicles
maneuver at the
National Training
Center, Fort Irwin,
Calif.
194 ARMY ■ October 2017
clude 11th Armored Cav. Rgt., 916th Support Bde. Ops. Group and
U.S. Air Force 12th Combat Training Squadron; 4,997 mil., 5,637
civ., 6,288 rotational soldiers; 768,000 acres, 37 miles northeast of
Barstow. DSN: 470-3369; 760-380-3369.
Fort Jackson, SC 29207. Established 1917; named for President
Andrew Jackson; conducts basic combat training and combat sup-
port advanced individual training; site of 165th, 171st and 193rd
Inf. Bdes.; 81st Regional Support Cmd.; Soldier Support Institute;
Armed Forces Chaplaincy Ctr.; National Ctr. for Credibility Assess-
ment; Army Drill Sergeant School; and Moncrief Army Community
Hospital; 3,500 mil., 3,500 civ.; 52,301 acres adjacent to Columbia.
DSN: 734-1110; 803-751-1110.
Fort Knox, KY 40121 and 40122. Opened 1918; named for Maj.
Gen. Henry Knox, Revolutionary War hero and first secretary of
war; home of U.S. Army Human Resources Cmd.; U.S. Army Cadet
Cmd.; U.S. Army Recruiting Cmd.; U.S. Army Recruiting and Reten-
tion School; 1st Army Division East; 4th Cav. Bde.; 1st Sustainment
Cmd. (Theatre); 84th Training Cmd.; 100th Div.; 83rd Army Reserve
Readiness Training Ctr.; Army Reserve Avn. Cmd.; 19th Engineer
Bn.; and Gen. George S. Patton Museum of Leadership; 7,800 mil.,
10,600 civ.; 108,955 acres, 35 miles southwest of Louisville. DSN:
464-1000; 502-624-1000.
Joint Base Langley-Eustis, VA. See Joint Bases.
Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027. Established 1827; named for Col.
Henry Leavenworth, commander of 3rd Inf. Rgt.; home of Mission
Command Ctr. of Excellence; Mission Command Training Program;
U.S. Army/Sgt. David Edge

Engineers with the Missouri National Guard use a virtual reality trainer at Fort Leonard Wood, Mo.
Combined Arms Ctr.; U.S. Army Cmd. and General Staff College; Ctr.
for Army Lessons Learned; Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate;
U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Ctr.; 35th Inf. Div.
(Army National Guard); U.S. Disciplinary Barracks; Midwest Joint
Regional Correctional Facility; 4,063 mil., 2,684 civ., 657 inmates;
5,634 acres adjacent to Leavenworth, 20 miles northwest of Kansas
City International Airport. DSN: 552-4021, 913-684-4021.
Fort Lee, VA 23801. Opened 1917 as Camp Lee; home to U.S. Army
Combined Arms Support Cmd. and Sustainment Ctr. of Excellence,
the HQ component that provides oversight of U.S. Army Quarter-
master, Ordnance and Transportation Schools; Army Logistics Uni-
versity; and Soldier Support Institute; major tenant organizations
include HQ of Defense Commissary Agency and Defense Contract
Management Agency; 6,144 civ., 2,229 contractors, 6,989 family
members, 11,339 trainees; 5,907 acres, 3 miles east of Petersburg.
DSN: 539-3000; 804-765-3000.
Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473. Opened 1941; named for Maj.
Gen. Leonard Wood, Army Chief of Staff, 1910–1914; designated
U.S. Army Maneuver Support Ctr. of Excellence, which includes
U.S. Army Engineer, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear,
and MP schools and respective brigades; one of three gender-inte-
grated reception stations for newly accessed soldiers; one of three
gender-integrated basic combat training; most diverse and one of
largest NCO academies; U.S. Army Reserve Div. HQ–102nd Training
Div. (Maneuver Support); Forces Cmd. Units: 5th Engineer Bn.; 92nd
196 ARMY ■ October 2017
U.S. Army/Pfc. Samantha J. Whitehead
MP Bn.; Directorate for Counter Improvised Explosive Devices; Di-
rectorate for Homeland Defense/Civil Support; consolidated and
joint engineer, chemical, MP and motor transport operators train-
ing with Marines, Navy and Air Force; approx. 6,700 permanent
party, more than 80,000 mil. and civ. for training, approx. 7,600
civ.; more than 62,000 acres, 88 miles northeast of Springfield, 135
miles southwest of St. Louis. DSN: 581-0131; 573-596-0131.
Letterkenny Army Depot, PA 17201. Opened 1942; named after
Letterkenny Township, which depot absorbed; home of Army’s
Ctr. of Industrial and Technical Excellence for Air Defense and Tac-
tical Missile Systems; Mobile Electronic Power Generation Equip-
ment, Route Clearance Vehicles; Patriot Missile Recertification;
other programs include Sentinel Radar System, High Mobility Ar-
tillery Rocket Systems, Avn. Ground Power Units, Force Provider
reset and new build operations; conducts storage, issue, rebuild-
ing, testing, overhauling and demilitarization of equipment, tacti-
cal missiles and ammunition; 1,516 civ., 990 contract employees;
18,668 acres, 5 miles north of Chambersburg, 50 miles southwest
of Harrisburg. DSN 570-8111; 717-267-8111.
Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA. See Joint Bases.
Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Story, VA. See Joint Bases.
Fort Meade, MD 20755. Established 1917; named for Maj. Gen.
George G. Meade, commander of Army of Potomac, 1863–1865;
 home of 119 installation partners, including U.S. Cyber Cmd., Na-
tional Security Agency, Defense Information Systems Agency,
Defense Media Activity, Defense Information School, Asymmetric
Warfare Group and 110 other partners; 15,000 mil., 39,500 civ.;
5,067 acres, 15 miles northeast of Washington, D.C. DSN: 622-2300;
301-677-2300.
Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, VA. See Joint Bases.
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806. Established 1880; researches and de-
velops advanced technology armament and munitions systems for
joint military services and provides life cycle engineering support
for munition systems; home of Joint Ctr. of Excellence for Guns and
Ammunition and Joint Munitions and Lethality Life Cycle Mgmt.
Cmd.; Army Contracting Cmd. of N.J.; Armament Research, Devel-
opment and Engineering Ctr.; Network Enterprise Cmd. Picatinny;
Program Executive Office Ammunition; and Project Manager Sol-
dier Weapons; 6,000 civ., mil. and contract personnel; 6,500 acres,
32 miles west of NYC. DSN: 880-4021; 973-724-4021.
Pine Bluff Arsenal, AR 71602. Established 1941; produces, stores
and demilitarizes conventional ammunitions; center for illuminat-
ing and infrared munitions; produces smoke munitions; Army Ctr.
for Industrial and Technical Excellence for both Chemical Biologi-
cal Defense products and smoke ammunition; produces, repairs
and stores chemical/biological defense products; 1 mil., approx.
650 civ.; 13,500 acres, 8 miles northwest of Pine Bluff. DSN: 966-
3000; 870-540-3000.
U.S. Army/Natela A. Cutter
The U.S. Army Garrison-Presidio of Monterey, Calif.
Pohakuloa Training Area, HI 96720. Established 1956; named for
Hawaiian word for “long stone”; supports training of active Army,
Marine Corps, reserve component and joint/combined forces in
Pacific; 1,414 mil., 302 civ.; 131,805 acres, 36 miles northwest of
Hilo. DSN: 315-969-2427; 808-969-2400.
Joint Readiness Training Ctr. and Fort Polk, LA 71459. Estab-
lished 1941; named for Confederate Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk; home
of 3rd BCT, 10th Mountain Div.; 115th Combat Support Hospital;
Bayne Jones Army Community Hospital; 10,001 mil., 1,962 civ.,
4,511 contractors; 198,555 acres, 2 miles south of Leesville. DSN:
863-2911; 337-531-2911.
U.S. Army Garrison-Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944. Established
1847; home of Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Ctr.,
with each military service providing service members as students,
faculty and staff; additional military, housing, post exchange and
commissary are located at Ord Military Community, part of former
Fort Ord; 75 miles south of San Jose International Airport. DSN:
768-6912; 831-242-6912.
Pueblo Chemical Depot, CO 81006. Established 1942; stores
chemical munitions; 23,000 acres at Pueblo. DSN: 749-4135; 719-
549-4135.
Red River Army Depot, TX 75507. Established 1941; repairs, over-
hauls, remanufactures and converts a variety of combat and tacti-
cal wheeled vehicles; operates DoD’s road wheel and track-shoe
October 2017 ■ ARMY 197
rebuild/manufacturing facility; home of Defense Distribution-Red
River (Defense Logistics Agency); 2,300 civ., 1,300 contractors;
15,000 acres, 18 miles west of Texarkana, 80 miles northwest of
Shreveport, La. DSN: 829-4446; 903-334-4446.
Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898. Established 1941; named for the re-
gion’s red soil; home to more than 70 federal and DoD organiza-
tions, including U.S. Army Materiel Cmd.; U.S. Army Avn. and Missile
Cmd.; U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Cmd.; U.S. Army Secu-
rity Assistance Cmd.; U.S. Army Contracting Cmd.; U.S. Army Expe-
ditionary Contracting Cmd.; Program Executive Office-Missiles and
Space; PEO-Avn.; FBI Hazardous Devices School; Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives National Ctr. for Explosives Train-
ing and Research; Avn. Missile Research, Development and Engi-
neering Ctr.; Redstone Test Ctr.; Missile Defense Agency; Defense
Intelligence Agency-Missile and Space Intelligence Ctr.; and NASA’s
Marshall Space Flight Ctr.; 1,000 mil., 41,000 civ. and contractors;
38,000 acres, adjacent to Huntsville. DSN: 746-2151; 256-876-2151.
Fort Riley, KS 66442. Established 1853; named for Brevet Maj. Gen.
Bennet Riley, who led first military escort along Santa Fe Trail; home
of 1st Inf. Div., known as “Big Red One” (includes 1st and 2nd Ar-
mored Brigade Combat Teams, 1st Combat Avn. Bde. and 1st Inf.
DIVARTY, 1st Inf. Div. Sustainment Bde.); 17,100 mil., 5,700 civ.;
101,733 acres, 125 miles west of Kansas City, Mo. DSN: 856-3911;
785-239-3911.
Rock Island Arsenal, IL 61299. Established 1862; home to HQ,
Army Sustainment Cmd.; HQ, 1st Army; Rock Island Arsenal Civil-
ian Personnel Advisory Ctr. for East Region and North Central Area;
The U.S. Army Materiel Command headquarters parade field at Redstone Arsenal, Ala.
198 ARMY ■ October 2017
and Rock Island Arsenal Joint Manufacturing and Technology Ctr.;
890 mil., 4,257 civ.; 946-acre island in Mississippi River between
Rock Island and Davenport, Iowa. DSN: 793-6001; 309-782-6001.
Rocky Mountain Arsenal, CO 80022. Established 1942; respon-
sible for Environmental Remediation Ops. and Maintenance; 6 civ.;
1,090 acres in Commerce City, 10 miles northeast of Denver. DSN:
749-2300; 303-289-0300.
Fort Rucker, AL 36362. Established 1942; named for Col. Edmund
W. Rucker, Confederate cavalry leader; home of U.S. Army Avn. Ctr.
of Excellence; Army Avn. Museum; Army Warrant Officer Career
College; U.S. Army Combat Readiness/Safety Ctr.; Army Aeromedi-
cal Ctr.; Army Aeromedical Research Lab; and Army School of Avn.
Medicine; 5,584 mil., 20,000 civ.; 63,072 acres, 75 miles south of
Montgomery. DSN: 558-3400; 334-255-3400.
Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX. See Joint Bases.
Schofield Barracks, HI 96857. Established 1909; named for Lt. Gen.
John McAllister Schofield, Army commander in chief 1888-1895,
whose recommendations led to first U.S. military presence on the
islands; home of 25th Inf. Div.; U.S. Army Garrison-Hawaii, located
at Wheeler Army Airfield, which supports 22 installations and vari-
ous tenant units; approx. 17,738 mil., 5,020 civ.; 55,651 acres, 17
miles northwest of Honolulu. DSN: 315-456-7110; 808-449-7110.
Fort Shafter, HI 96858. Established 1907; named for Maj. Gen. Wil-
liam R. Shafter, Civil War hero and Spanish-American War corps
commander; home of U.S. Army Pacific; 8th Theater Sustainment
U.S. Army/Sgt. 1st Class Teddy Wade
Cmd.; 311th Signal Cmd. (Theater); 9th Mission Support Cmd.; 94th
Army Air and Missile Defense Cmd.; 196th Inf. Bde.; Inst. Manage-
ment Cmd.-Pacific Region; Army Corps of Engineers-Pacific Div.;
and various tenant units; 6,022 mil., 6,469 civ.; 1,909 acres near Ho-
nolulu. DSN: 315-456-7110; 808-449-7110.
Sierra Army Depot, Herlong, CA 96113. Established 1942; provides
wide variety of long-term life cycle sustainment solutions for joint
services, including equipment receipt; asset visibility; long-term
care, storage and sustainment; repairing and resetting Army fuel
and water systems; on-demand rapid deployment from organic
airfield; dry climate and moderate desert temperatures allow low-
cost outside or indoor storage without need for energy-sponsored
controlled environments; 1,500 civ. and contractors; 36,000 acres,
55 miles northwest of Reno, Nev. DSN: 855-4343; 530-827-4343.
Fort Sill, OK 73503. Established 1869; named for Union commander
Brig. Gen. Joshua W. Sill; home of Fires Ctr. of Excellence; Air Defense
Artillery School; Field Artillery School; 428th and 434th Field Artil-
lery Bdes.; 75th Field Artillery Bde.; 30th Air Defense Artillery Bde.;
31st Air Defense Artillery Bde.; 95th Training Div.; NCO Academy;
Garrison; Medical and Dental Activities; 77th Army Band; Network
Enterprise Ctr.; Mission and Installation Contracting Cmd.; Army
Materiel Cmd.; and Marine Artillery Detachment; 9,342 mil., 2,832
civ.; 94,000 acres adjacent to Lawton. DSN: 639-8111; 580-442-8111.
U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center, Natick, MA 01760. Known
as Natick Labs, this facility performs research and development
in core technologies for all services, including textile technol-
ogy, interactive textiles, nanotechnology, biotechnology, airdrop
technology, food science, human physiology and warrior systems
Oklahoma Army National Guard soldiers at Fort Sill, Okla., fire howitzers.
200 ARMY ■ October 2017
integration; develops, manages, fields and sustains products and
systems to support all military services; 20 miles west of Boston.
508-233-5340.
Fort Stewart, GA 31314. Established 1940; named for Brig. Gen.
Daniel Stewart, Revolutionary War militia officer and Liberty
County native; home of 3rd Inf. Div. and premier joint training; ap-
prox. 16,000 mil., 3,000 civ.; 279,000 acres at Hinesville, 40 miles
southwest of Savannah. 912-767-1110.
Military Ocean Terminal-Sunny Point, Southport, NC 28461.
Established 1955; home of 596th Transportation Bde., which com-
mands Military Ocean Terminal-Sunny Point (on site); 832nd Trans-
portation Bn. (Jacksonville, Fla.); 834th Transportation Bn., Military
Ocean Terminal-Concord (Concord, Calif.); provides nation with
75 percent of total surface ammunition throughput capabilities; 4
mil., 280 civ.; 16,435 acres. DSN: 488-8000; 910-457-8000.
Tobyhanna Army Depot, PA 18466. Established 1953; DoD’s
largest facility for repair, modification, test, design, fabrication,
software support and integration of full spectrum of command,
control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance
and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems, missile guidance and control,
and other specialized systems; designated Army Ctr. of Industrial
and Technical Excellence for C4ISR, and Electronics, Avionics, and
Missile Guidance and Control Systems, and Air Force Technology
Repair Ctr. for Command, Control, Communications, Computers
and Intelligence and Tactical Missiles; manages and operates 50
forward repair facilities worldwide; approx. 8 mil., 2,841 gov. civ.,
403 contractors; 1,336 acres at Tobyhanna, 20 miles southeast of
Scranton. DSN: 795-7000; 570-615-7000.
Oklahoma Army National Guard/1st Lt. Leanna Litsch
U.S. Army/John B. Snyder
The Historic Big Gun Shop at Watervliet Arsenal, N.Y.
Tooele Army Depot, UT 84074. Established 1942; DoD’s Western
region conventional ammunition hub supporting warfighter read-
iness through receipt, storage, issue, demilitarization and renova-
tion of conventional ammunition; and design, manufacture, field-
ing and maintenance of ammunition-peculiar equipment; 1 mil.,
484 civ.; 42,400 acres, 35 miles southwest of Salt Lake City, 3 miles
south of Tooele City. DSN: 790-2211; 435-833-2211.
Tripler Army Medical Ctr., HI 96859. Established 1920; named for
Brig. Gen. Charles Stuart Tripler, medical director of Army of the
Potomac during Civil War; largest military med. treatment facility in
Pacific Basin; performs inpatient and outpatient medical services;
more than 4,500 mil., civ. and contractor personnel; 360 acres near
Honolulu. 808-433-6661/6662.
Fort Wainwright, AK 99703. Established 1961; named for Gen.
Jonathan M. Wainwright, hero of Bataan; home of 1st Stryker
Bde. Combat Team, 25th Inf. Div. and Avn. Task Force-Alaska;
16,000 active-duty and reserve mil., civ. and family members;
1.6 million acres adjacent to Fairbanks. DSN: 317-353-1110; 907-
353-1110.
Watervliet Arsenal, NY 12189. The nation’s oldest operating ar-
senal; production began in 1813; houses 26 mil. and civ. tenant
organizations, 72 buildings and over 1 million square feet mfg.
space; known as “America’s Arsenal”; named by Army secretary as
Center of Industrial and Technical Excellence and is ISO 9001:2008
certified; with partner, U.S. Army’s Benét Laboratories, is DoD’s
manufacturer of choice specializing in artillery, tank and mortar
systems in addition to other complex machined products for U.S.
and foreign militaries; 1 mil., 725 civ.; 143 acres about 7 miles north
of Albany. DSN: 374-5111; 518-266-5111.
West Point, NY 10996. Oldest continuously occupied military
installation in U.S.; first occupied by Continental Army in Janu-
ary 1778; home of U.S. Military Academy since 1802 when it was
established as nation’s first school of engineering; home to West
Point Museum, considered oldest and largest diversified public
collection of militaria in Western Hemisphere; designated National
Historic Landmark in 1960; home to 20 research centers, including
Army Cyber Institute and Center for the Army Profession and Ethic
since 2008; 13,000 cadets, mil. and civ.; 16,000 acres on Hudson
River, 55 miles north of NYC. DSN: 312-688-2022; 845-938-2022.
White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002. Established 1945; national
test range; 340 mil., 2,000 civ., 2,600 contractors; 3,200 square
miles, 27 miles east of Las Cruces, 40 miles north of El Paso, Texas.
DSN: 258-2121; 575-678-2121.
Yakima Training Ctr., WA 98901. Established 1941; subinstalla-
tion of Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.; supports joint and com-
bined arms maneuver training and ranges for active and reserve
component units and allies; 150 mil., 400 civ.; 327,000 acres, 8
miles northeast of Yakima, 168 miles southeast of Tacoma. DSN:
638-3205; 509-577-3205.
Yuma Proving Ground, AZ 85365. Established 1943; performs
multipurpose testing for many weapon systems and munitions;
2,500 civ.; 1,300 sq. miles, 26 miles northeast of Yuma. DSN: 899-
2151; 928-328-2151.
October 2017 ■ ARMY 201
Joint Bases
This listing includes active joint posts and installations. Army ele-
ments appear in bold.
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK 99505 and 99506. Man-
aged by Air Force’s 673rd Air Base Wing; home to Alaskan Cmd.;
U.S. Army Alaska; and 4th BCT (Abn.), 25th Inf. Div.; approx. 5,483
soldiers, 5,515 airmen, 1,480 Army National Guard, 1,427 Air Na-
tional Guard, 3,562 civ.; approx. 80,000 acres. DSN: 317-552-1110;
907-552-1110.
Joint Base Langley-Eustis, VA 23604. In 1918, the government pur-
chased Mulberry Island for $538,000 as a Coastal Artillery replace-
ment training center and balloon observation school. Camp Eustis
was named after Brevet Brig. Gen. Abraham Eustis, Virginia native
and War of 1812 veteran; while most camps fell into disuse after
the Great War, in 1923 the camp became Fort Eustis, a permanent
military installation; home of HQ, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine
Cmd.; Joint Task Force Civil Support; 7th Transportation Bde. (Expe-
ditionary); 128th Avn. Bde.; 93rd Signal Bde.; 597th Transportation
Bde.; U.S. Army Training Support Ctr., and McDonald Army Health
Ctr.; approx. 23,000 active-duty and civilian personnel, including
dependents and retirees; 8,248 acres adjacent to Newport News,
11 miles southeast of Williamsburg. DSN: 826-1212; 757-878-1212.
Watercraft operator students file off a landing craft at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Story, Va.
202 ARMY ■ October 2017
Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98433. Established 1917; named
for Capt. Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark expedition and Col.
William Caldwell McChord, former chief of Training and Ops. Div.,
HQ Army Air Corps; home of I Corps; 62nd Airlift Wing; 446th Airlift
Wing; HQ, 7th Inf. Div.; 2nd Bde., 2nd Inf. Div.; 3rd Bde., 2nd Inf. Div.;
6th MP Bde. (CID); 16th Combat Avn. Bde.; 17th Field Artillery Bde.;
593rd Expeditionary Sustainment Cmd.; 201st Battlefield Surveil-
lance Bde.; 62nd Medical Bde.; 42nd MP Bde.; 555th Engineer Bde.;
1st Special Forces Group (Abn.); 2nd Bn., 75th Ranger Rgt.; 66th
Theater Avn. Cmd.; 4th Bn., 160th Special Ops. Avn. Rgt. (Abn.);
22nd Special Tactics Squadron; 404th Army Field Support Bde.; U.S.
Army Cadet Command’s 8th ROTC Bde.; Western Regional Medi-
cal Cmd.; Madigan Army Medical Ctr.; Public Health Cmd. Region-
West; Western Air Defense Sector; and Yakima Training Ctr.; 41,975
mil. (including approx. 41,000 active and reserve), approx. 15,000
civ.; more than 90,000 acres (414,000 acres, including Yakima Train-
ing Ctr.); 10 miles southeast of Tacoma. DSN: 357-1110; 253-967-
1110.
Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Story, VA 23459. Established
2009; composed of former Army Garrison of Fort Story (established
1914) and Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek (established 1947);
serves as expeditionary and logistics-over-the-shore training site
for active and reserve Army, Marine Corps and Navy components;
national joint training asset and only base that meets nearly all
Navy special warfare training requirements; home to 131 resident
U.S. Army/Terrance Bell

Members of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) at Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, Va.
commands; 16,064 mil., 5,456 civ.; 3,947 acres between both prop-
erties. DSN: 253-7358; 757-462-7385/7386.
Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ 08641. DSN: 650-1100; 609-
754-1100.
Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, VA 22211. Established in 1863 as
Fort Whipple; renamed Fort Myer in 1881 for Brig. Gen. Albert J.
Myer, first chief of Army Signal Corps; home of 3rd U.S. Inf. Regt.
(Old Guard); U.S. Army Band (Pershing’s Own); 8,000 mil., 5,600
civ.; 270 acres adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery; across Po-
tomac River from Washington, D.C. DSN: 426-2976; 703-696-2976.
Joint base command includes Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.
20319. Established in 1791; named for Gen. Lesley J. McNair, Army
ground forces commander killed in Normandy, 1944; home of
U.S. Army Military District of Washington; Joint Force HQ-National
Capital Region; National Defense University; Ctr. of Military History;
Inter-American Defense College; 108 acres in SW Washington, D.C.
DSN: 426-2976; 703-696-2976.
Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234. Established
1876; known as Post in San Antonio until named for first elected
president of Republic of Texas in 1890; home to HQ, U.S. Army
Medical Cmd.; U.S. Army North/Fifth Army; U.S. Army South; 5th
Recruiting Bde.; 12th ROTC Bde.; San Antonio Mil. Entrance and
Processing Station; 937th Air Force Training Readiness Group; U.S.
Army Installation Management Cmd.; Army Medical Department
Ctr. and School; San Antonio Mil. Medical Ctr.; Brooke Army Medi-
204 ARMY ■ October 2017
U.S. Army
cal Ctr.; HQ, Dental Cmd.; Institute of Surgical Research; Defense
Medical Readiness Training Institute; 470th Military Intelligence
Bde.; 106th Signal Bde.; 410th Contracting Bde.; Ctr. for Health Pro-
motion and Preventive Medicine; DoD Med. Ed. and Training Cam-
pus; Navy Medicine Training Support Ctr.; Military Installation and
Contracting Cmd., including 410th and 412th Contracting Bdes.;
Regional Health Cmd.-Central (Provisional); Battlefield Health and
Trauma Ctr.; Public Health Command-South Region; Tri-Service Re-
search Laboratory; 502nd Air Base Wing; more than 36,000 mil. and
civ. personnel; approx. 3,000 acres at San Antonio, 28,000 acres at
subinstallation Camp Bullis, 35 miles northwest. DSN: 471-1211;
210-221-1211.
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, MD 20889. Es-
tablished 2011; integrated National Naval Medical Ctr. and Walter
Reed Army Medical Ctr. on grounds of former National Naval Medi-
cal Center campus in Bethesda, Md.; largest mil. medical center in
U.S. with 1.2 million patient visits each year; tertiary care destina-
tion providing services in more than 100 clinics and specialties;
more than 7,100 staff; 2.4 million square feet. 301-295-4000.
Major Reserve Component
Training Sites
This listing does not include active posts maintained by the Army
primarily for reserve component training; these can be found in
the directory of active Army institutions. Reserve component units
also conduct a portion of their annual training on federal posts
that are continuously occupied by active Army units. Commercial
telephone numbers are for operator assistance at sites listed; DSN
numbers are for military points of contact.

Atterbury-Muscatatuck Center for Complex Operations, Edin-

burgh, IN 46124. DSN: 569-2499; 812-526-1386.
Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, Starke, FL 32091. DSN:
822-3379; 904-682-3358.
Camp Bowie, Level 3 Training Center, Brownwood, TX 76801.
325-646-0159.
U.S. Army Garrison-Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico 00934. DSN: 740-
3400; 787-707-3400.
Fort Chaffee Joint Maneuver Training Center, Fort Chaffee, AR
72905. DSN 312-962-2121; 479-484-2121.
U.S. Army Garrison-Fort Devens, Devens, MA 01434. DSN: 256-
2126; 978-796-2126.
Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ. See Joint Bases.
Camp Edwards, Joint Base Cape Cod, MA 02542. DSN: 557-5885;
508-968-5885.
Gowen Field, Boise, ID 83705. DSN: 212-5755; 208-422-5755.
Camp Grayling Joint Maneuver Training Center (Heavy), MI
49739. DSN: 623-3100; 989-344-6100.
Camp Gruber Training Site Command, Braggs, OK 74423. DSN:
628-6001; 918-549-6001.
Camp Guernsey Joint Training Center, Guernsey, WY 82214.
DSN: 344-7810; 307-836-7810.
U.S. Army Garrison-Fort Hunter Liggett, CA 93928. 831-386-
2530.
Fort Indiantown Gap-Army National Guard Training Center,
Annville, PA 17003. DSN: 491-2000; 717-861-2000.
Joint Forces Training Base-Los Alamitos, Los Alamitos, CA
90720. DSN: 972-2090; 562-795-2090.
Fort McCoy, WI 54656. DSN: 280-1110; 608-388-2222.
Parks Reserve Forces Training Area, CA 94568. 925-875-4298.
Camp Perry Joint Training Center, Port Clinton, OH 43452. 419-
635-4021; 614-336-6235.
Fort Pickett-Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center,
Blackstone, VA 23824. DSN: 438-8621; 434-292-8621.
Camp Ravenna Joint Military Training Center, Ravenna, OH
44444. 614-336-6660.
Camp Rilea, Warrenton, OR 97146. DSN: 355-4052; 503-836-4052.
Camp Ripley-Minnesota National Guard Training Center, Little
Falls, MN 56345. DSN: 871-3122; 320-616-3122.
Camp Roberts Maneuver Training Center, San Miguel, CA 93451.
DSN: 949-8000; 805-238-3100.
Robinson Maneuver Training Center, North Little Rock, AR
72199. DSN: 962-5100; 501-212-5100.
Camp Santiago Joint Maneuver Training Center (Light), Salinas,
Puerto Rico 00751. 787-824-7400.
Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center, MS 39407. DSN: 558-
U.S. Army/Spc. Tyler Meister

2000; 601-558-2000.
Camp Sherman Joint Training Center, Chillicothe, OH 45601.
614-336-6460.
Camp Swift, Level 3 Training Center, Bastrop, TX 78602. 512-782-
7114.
Camp W.G. Williams, Bluffdale, UT 84065. DSN: 766-5400; 801-
878-5400. Soldiers and airmen rappel from a Black Hawk at Camp Rilea, Ore.

October 2017 ■ ARMY 205

Ground their Fisher House Foundation’s Hero Miles program provides round-trip airline
tickets to wounded, injured and ill service members and/or their loved ones.

fears and Flights are made possible through the generous donations of frequent flyer
miles and monetary donations from individual passengers like you.
let healing No amount is too small. Every donation makes a difference.
take flight. FisherHouse.org/HeroMiles
 ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE
American Hearing Benefits .................................................. 119 Magpul ..............................................................................................49

AQYR ............................................................................................... 143 Meggitt Defense Systems Inc. ............................................ 101

ATEC ...................................................................................................89 National Industries for the Blind ....................................... 169

Bell Helicopter ...............................................................................33 Navistar Defense ..........................................................................93

BlueSky Mast ..................................................................................15 Navy Federal Credit Union ................................................... 127

Boeing—Chinook ........................................................................13 Night Vision Devices ............................................................... 129

Boeing—Insitu ..............................................................................51 Northrop Grumman ....................................................................21

Concurrent Technologies Corp. ......................................... 145 NovAtel .......................................................................................... 157

Deployed Resources ................................................................ 153 Oshkosh Defense ...........................................................................7

Doosan ..............................................................................................35 Parker Aerospace .........................................................................29

Engility ..............................................................................................37 Perkins Technical Services Inc. .......................................... 159

FN America ......................................................................................53 Phantom Products Inc. ........................................................... 105

GE Aviation .......................................................................................3 Plasan ............................................................................................. 149

Geico ............................................................................................... 123 Poongsan Corp. ......................................................................... 107

General Dynamics Mission Systems ................................ 147 Raytheon Co. ........................................................................... 56-57

Hanwha .............................................................................................66 Red Roof ........................................................................................ 117

IAP .......................................................................................................41 SAAB Defense & Security ...................................................... 111

IMI Systems .....................................................................................77 Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company.............................43

Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) ...........................................19 Soucy Defense .................................................................................9

Karem Aircraft ............................................................................ 165 Streamlight Inc. ......................................................................... 113

Kipper Tool......................................................................................45 Telephonics.................................................................................. 163

Kongsberg Protech Systems ..................................................99 Tencate .............................................................................................27

L3 Link Simulation & Training ...............................................83 Textron Systems ...........................................................................79

L3 Mission Integration ..............................................................71 U.S. Army ........................................................................................ C4

L3 Technologies, Corporate............................................. 60-61 Vectrus ............................................................................................. C2

L3 Vertex Aerospace...................................................................73 VT Systems ................................................................................... 151

L3 Warrior Sensor Systems .....................................................85 Winchester Ammunition ..........................................................25

Leonardo DRS ............................................................................... C3

October 2017 ■ ARMY 207

 Final Shot

Showoffs
U.S. Army Drill Team soldiers display some
razzle-dazzle during a Twilight Tattoo at
Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, Va.
U.S. Army/Staff Sgt. Austin L. Thomas

208 ARMY ■ October 2017

YOUR BENEFITS MATTER
LOOK AT US – WE HAVE BENEFITS!
Who knew, right? I’ve been a lifetime member of the Association of the
United States Army since my earliest days in uniform. My husband and
I joined because we knew that AUSA is the only non-profit professional
development association serving America’s Total Army. We love the Army
and wanted to be part of a larger community of people who supported it.
And, we wanted our voices to be heard on issues affecting our military.

But, other than getting the great ARMY Magazine and AUSA News, I never
paid much attention to the benefits AUSA offered. Then I joined the staff
here, and my eyes were opened. I was greatly surprised by how much
AUSA offers its members. I thought I better open my ears as well, and hear
what others thought were the most valuable services. So we asked a lot of
folks what they thought.

What you see in these pages reflects what we’ve heard from you, so far. We
know that our members join AUSA because you want to give your support
to our Army, and you like what you get from AUSA as we strive to educate,
inform, and connect our members on issues important to national security.
But, we also want you to know that you can save real money using AUSA
member benefit programs. And who doesn’t like getting a great deal? You
certainly deserve it.

You’ll find education and career help, travel and entertainment,

merchandise (the cool stuff), insurance (pets, too), digital
devices, wellness help, books, magazines, community, and a
ton of ways to connect our Army with the Nation it serves.

We’ll keep working to add benefits important to our members. Your AUSA
staff is committed to serving our members, as we support the best force
in the world--America’s Army. We will grow, so please visit www.ausa.org/
benefits often for our latest products and services.

Thank you for your membership and support,

Patricia E. McQuistion
Lieutenant General, U.S. Army Retired
Vice President, Membership and Meetings
 TRAVEL
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1 |
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| 2
 HEALTH & WELLNESS
www.ausa.org/hearing
888-982-4656
Schedule your free
consultation today

American Hearing Benefits is a discount program from Starkey Hearing

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3 |
HEALTH & WELLNESS
www.ausa.org/eap
Emergency assistance

With our active lifestyles and travels, it’s critical to set up a solid backup
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Waived $25 policy setup fee
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| 4
 SHOPPING
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Special member discounts

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5 |
SHOPPING www.ausa.org/expert
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| 6
 SHOPPING
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7 |
PUBLICATIONS ARMY MAGAZINE
Born as the Infantry Journal in 1910, the publication
includes articles, letters and opinion pieces by
current and former Army leaders of all ranks, military
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Association of the U.S. Army to tell the Army’s story,
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AUSA News is our community newsletter, providing
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| 8
 EDUCATION & CAREER
BOOK PROGRAM
www.ausa.org/books

The AUSA Book Program publishes military-related titles about Army

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AUSA members have a distinct advantage over the typical job seeker.
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Apply your new skills and visit the AUSA Career Center today to search jobs
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9 |
EDUCATION & CAREER INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE
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ILW also offers events covering topics that emphasize the need for a strong
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| 10
 FINANCE & INSURANCE
www.ausa.org/insurance

AUSA provides members valuable insurance plans including Accident

Insurance, Term Life Insurance, TRICARE and Medicare Supplements and
Long Term Care Insurance. We’re in the process of making beneficial
changes to the Life and Accident plans which will be effective early 2018.
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www.ausa.org/geico
800-368-2734
Mention AUSA for savings

AUSA members can now receive a special discount on GEICO auto

insurance. GEICO offers great rates, exceptional 24-hour service, fast,
fair claims handling, and high-quality auto insurance to over 15 million
policyholders across the United States. In addition to auto insurance, GEICO
can also help insure your motorcycle, house, condo, apartment rental, boat
and more.

When calling for rates, be sure to mention your affiliation with the
Association of the United States Army to be eligible for the special savings.

“As a former service member, I’ve had insurance with two other insurance
companies before coming to GEICO, and I must admit, this is DEFINITELY
the best insurance company I’ve ever dealt with. From price to customer
service to technology, GEICO has everyone beat.” — George H., California

PRE-RETIREMENT
COUNSELING GUIDE
www.ausa.org/retire

As a professional voice for America’s Soldiers of yesterday, today, and

tomorrow, AUSA wants to help you and your family prepare for the transition
to retirement. AUSA will continue to help you plan for the “rest of your life”
by continuously updating and improving this pre-retirement publication. It’s
one of the ways we can ensure that every Soldier and spouse understands
important topics such as the value of the Survivor Benefit Plan, Department
of Veterans Affairs benefits, and care available from TRICARE.

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EXPOSITIONS & SYMPOSIA www.ausa.org/meet
Members save on tickets
Annual Meeting entry is free

AUSA is recognized in the defense community for its excellent annual

expositions and symposia. Our Annual Meeting is the largest land power
exposition and professional development forum in North America.

Held annually in the heart of Washington D.C., the AUSA Annual Meeting
attracts over 26,000 attendees, 600+ state-of-the-art exhibits, expert panels
and seminars, and engagement with top Army and government leadership.

The Global Force Symposium & Exposition focuses on addressing critical

points of acquisition, research and development, and military/industry
partnerships.

The LANPAC Symposium & Exposition, located in Honolulu, Hawaii, is a

world-class, international event highlighting the role of land forces in the
Indo-Asia-Pacific theater and their contributions in peace and war.

The Army Medical Symposium & Exposition, located in San Antonio, Texas,
provides a venue for collaborative discussion and education on medical
innovation and leading practices, preparing for future Army and Joint Force
medical challenges.

www.ausa.org/hot-topics
Members can save up to
$200 off on-site pricing
Military/Government is free

AUSA Hot Topics are focused, one-day events covering pressing issues in
national security. Members of industry, government, and the military engage
with Army experts as they discuss our current and future Army.

Check out the latest at

www.ausameetings.org/

AUSA leads the USA Security and Defense Pavilion at defense expositions
abroad, offering networking opportunities with key decision makers, full-
service support, and increased visibility in the global market.

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 COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS
REPRESENTATION
www.ausa.org/advocacy

AUSA’s Government Affairs office coordinates AUSA’s activities related

to the U.S. Congress and the Executive Branch. It helps maximize Army
representation in the legislative process with member advocacy campaigns,
focus areas, and more. Learn where AUSA stands on key issues, read
legislative updates, and look up local officials in your community.

LOCAL CHAPTERS
www.ausa.org/chapters

AUSA’s devoted regional and chapter leadership are passionate member

volunteers and the lifeblood between AUSA national and its 70,000+
members. This leadership, along with local members across AUSA’s 121
chapters, leverage local government and commerce association contacts
to improve the professional, economic, and social quality of life in Army
communities.

Chapters provide a wide array of local programs to support Soldiers, civilian

employees, and families ranging from scholarships and grants to recognition
for outstanding performance. Connect with your chapter to learn more.

MILITARY FAMILY
SUPPORT
www.ausa.org/military-families

AUSA’s Family Readiness staff is dedicated to Army families, providing

the tools and resources they need to manage the challenges of military
life. Through education, information, representation, and outreach, AUSA
connects with Army families, both past and present, in tangible and impactful
ways.

AUSA also awards the annual AUSA Volunteer Family of the Year Award to
an exceptional Army family whose dedicated volunteer service significantly
contributes to improving the well-being of Army families and the local
community. Winner receive a trip to Washington D.C., cash prize and gift.

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