FINAL SEMESTER PROJECT

Academic Year 2017 – 2018

Subject : Environmental Engineering Statistics
Lecturer : Dr. Yunita Ismail
Study Program : Environmental Engineering
Due Date : Wednesday, April 25th, 2018

1. Annual maximum flows of the Tevere (Tiber) River recorded at Ripette in Rome are given
in Table 1 for the period 1921 – 1974. The observation of numerous low maximum flows
during the last 20 years led to a suspicion that the flow regime or climate conditions had
changed. Divide the record into two halves. Determine if the mean annual maximum flow
in the second half is lower than those in the first half at a level of significance α = 0.01
under the following conditions:
a. If the standard deviation is 450 m3/s
b. If the standard deviation is estimated from the data but is assumed to be constant
c. If the standard deviation are estimated separately for the two halves and are assumed to
be different.
d. Using the estimated variances in part (c), determine whether the change in the variance
is significance for α = 0.01?
Table 1. Annual maximum flow of Tevere (Tiber) River observed at Ripertta, a gauging
station in Rome, central Italy, from 1921 to 1974
2. A water supply engineer is concerned that possible climatic change with respect to
temperature may have an effect on forecasts for future demands for water to a city. The
long-period mean and standard deviation of the annual average temperature measured at
midday are 33 and 0.75oC. The alarm is caused by the mean temperature of 34.3oC
observed for the previous year. Does this suggest that there is an increase in the mean
annual temperature at a 5% level of significance.

3. Two manufactures, A and B, supply pumps to the same spcification of 500 hours on average to
failure. Twenty pumps of each manufacturer have been installed and the times to failure for each
pump are as follows:

A 510 450 478 512 506 485 501 481 452 494
514 507 487 467 502 508 503 492 502 499
B 510 513 497 506 493 501 547 514 487 490
495 497 508 493 522 502 527 486 531 497
a. Test whether the mean time of failure for A is less than that for B
b. Test whether the proportion of pumps not reaching specification is less for B than for A
Use α = 0.01 and an approproate test in each case