e.

Creep (CR)

Over time, the compressive stress induced by posttensioning causes a shortening of the concrete
member. The increase in strain due to a sustained stress is refered to as creep. Loss of prestress
due to a creep is nominally propotional to the net permanent compressive stressin the concrete.
The net permanent compressive stress is the initial compressive stress in the concrete due to the
prestressing minus the tensile stress due to self weight and superimposed deadload moments.
Seiring waktu, tegangan tekan yang disebabkan oleh posttensioning menyebabkan pemendekan
anggota beton. Peningkatan ketegangan karena stres berkelanjutan yang disebut sebagai merayap.
Kehilangan prategang akibat creep adalah nominal propotional ke tekan permanen bersih stressin
beton. Tegangan tekan permanen bersih adalah tegangan tekan awal dalam beton karena pratekan
minus tegangan tarik karena berat sendiri dan ditumpangkan saat deadload.
CR = Kcr*(Es/Ec)*(fcir-fcds) (ACI 318-95, Chapt, 18.6)
CR = N/mm2 percent actual CR losses = CR/fpu 5,22%
Where :
Kcr = 1,60 (for posttensioned)
Fcir = stress at center point prestress force, initial condition
Fcir = N/mm2
Msd = moment due to all superimposed permanent dead loads applied after prestressing
Msd = kN.m
Fcds = Stress to a concrete at the cgs of tendon due to all superimposed dead loads
Fcds 1 = Msdl.e/l = N/mm2 component of fcd due to load on the plain beam
Fcds 2 = Msdl.e/lc = N/mm2 component of fcd due to load on the composite beam
Fcds = fcds1 + fcds2 = = N/mm2
f. Steel Relaxation (RE)
Relaxation is defined as a graduat decrease of stress in a material under constant strain, in the case
of steel, relaxation is the result of permanent alteration of the grain structure. The rate of relaxation
at any point in time depends on the stress level in the tendon at the time. Because of other
prestress losses, there is a continual reduction of tendon stress, this cause a reduction in the
relaxation rate.
The equation for prestress loss due to to relaxation of tendon :
RE = [Kre . J*(SH*CR*ES)]*C (ACI 318-95, chapt.18,6)
RE = N/mm2
Where :
Kre = 5000,00 (for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)
J = 0,04 (for 270 grade, low relaxation strand)
C = 0,66 (for fpl/fpu = 0,689)
RESUME DUE TO SHORT & LONG LOSSES

losses I. Short Term Losses II. Long Term Losses

Section Anchor Elastic Total Shrinkage Creep Steel Total
Friction
x(m) set Shortening Losses % (SH) (CR) Relaxation Losses %