Kuliah – 1

Feb 8, 2017

priyonobambang@yahoo.com dan
bgpriyono@gmail.com
Contents:
1. Overview of materials and materials related energy: society’s present
needs and future energy demands on conventional energy sources and
systems, including fossil fuels and then focus on alternate renewable
energy.
2. Synthesis of materials: Solid state, sol-gel, gas phase (CVD/ALD).
3. Synthesis of bulk and nanomaterials, chemical properties of energy-
relevant materials at the nanoscale.
4. Crystal field theory for solid-state materials.
5. Semiconductors and their use in energy relevant applications.
6. Materials related energy with applications in energy storage, batteries
and related areas
7. Advanced concept in fuel cells, supercapacitors, thermoelectrics, solar
cells, solar heat, batteries and other renewable energy sources and
possible future hydrogen storage and nanotechnology in energy.
8. Use advanced materials characterization methods including their
techniques and interpretation in EIS, XRD, SEM and TEM, XPS, TGA, and
DSC.
 Objective :
1. Identify energy related materials and their
applications.
2. Use relevant experimental methods to synthesize
and characterize both nanostructured and bulk
materials for energy-related applications.
3. Identify and use theoretical models to interpret
data from different characterization methods in the
field of energy-related materials.
4. Explain how the geometry as well as electronic
structure of molecules and solid state materials
affect their chemical properties with relevance for
renewable energy applications.
 SAP (Satuan acara pengajaran)
Contents:
1) Introduction
2) Synthesis of Materials (2 Lect)
3) Crystal field theory and Semiconductor (2
Lect)
4) Group Paper Prest. on Renew Energy (2 )
5) Mid test
6) Materials related energy with applications in
energy storage, batteries and related areas (2
weeks)
7) Advanced concept in renew energy: fuel cells,
supercapacitors (2 weeks)
8) Materials characterization: EIS, XRD, SEM and
TEM, XPS, TGA, and DSC. (1 week)
9) Cases Study and paper assignment
10) UAS
SAP (Satuan acara pengajaran)

Evaluation system (%)

Midtest & UAS  70
Assignment  30
Attendance min. 70%
 SAP (Satuan acara pengajaran)
 References:
1. Bent Sørensen: Renewable Energy, Physics,
Engineering, Environmental Impacts, Economics &
Planning, 4th Ed., Elsevier, Burlington, MA (2011).
2. Radu D. Rugescu: Solar Energy, Intech, Vukovar, Croatia
(2010)
3. Zekai Şen: Solar Energy Fundamentals and Modeling
Techniques, Springer-Verlag London Limited (2008)
4. Aldo Vieira da Rosa: Fundamentals of Renewable
Energy Processes, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington,
MA (2005)
5. Handbook of Batteries, David Linden, McGraw Hill,
(2001)
(Sustainable development
Principle)

The United Nations has defined

sustainable development” as :
“..meeting the needs of the present
generation……without compromising
the ability of future generations to
meet theirs”
 Materials for energy
Main Consideration:

CO2 pollution:
Exponential increase of
Carbon dioxide in
atmospheer starting from
CO2 di atmosfer

Industrial revolution.

Consume the ability of

atmospheere to contains the
industrial waste

2000
Tahun
Greenhouse

Source: US Energy Information Adminastration

3/1/2017
 More than CO2..

Air pollutant effects

• Particulates
 PM10 particles: particles of 10
micrometers or less, cause heart
disease, lung cancer, asthma, and
respiratory infections.
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Ozone
 The Hidden Cost of Fossil
Fuels: Pollutants

• Particulates
• Sulfur Dioxide: acid rain damage ecosystems,
historical buildings and materials (corrosion)
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Ozone

3/1/2017
 Renewable and non
Renewable Technology
 Non Renewable: Fossil and Nuclear Fuel
 Renewable Energy: Sun, Wind and Water
potential energy (Environmentally
friendly)
 Energy Source:
Fossil: Coal, Oil (carbonaceous material)
Nuclear:
- Fission Radioactive (Uranium, Plutonium)
- Fusion (Hydrogen, Deuterium, Tritium)
 Energy Source and its issue:
1. Fossil fuel :
- Coal, Natural Gas, Oil
- Sustainability issue
2. Nuclear fuel
- Nuclear energy
- Nuclear fusion
- Safety issue
3. Renewable resources
- Solar energy, - Wind power, - Wave and
tidal power
- Geothermal, - Biomass, - Hydropower
- Reliability issue
Energy Demand:
Non Renewable Energy Source
Renewable Energy Resource and its potential:
Crude Oils technology and related materials:
Why change to Renewable energy ?:
 The security of supplies, environmental concerns
related to global warming and sustainability are
expected to move the world's energy consumption
away from fossil fuels. The concept of peak oil
shows that about half of the available petroleum
resources have been produced, and predicts a
decrease of production.
 It is estimated that assuming current consumption
rates, current oil reserves could be completely
depleted by the year 2050.
 For natural gas could supply most of the world's
energy needs for between 100 and 250 years.
The future starts Now….
How about Nuclear energy ?
Fission Type:
Capacity of nuclear power meet the energy demand for the 21st
century. Political and environmental concerns about nuclear
safety and radioactive waste started to limit the growth of this
energy supply at the end of last century, particularly due to a
number of nuclear accidents, nuclear proliferation (especially
with plutonium produced by breeder reactors)
Thorium:
- Uranium is the primary nuclear fuel worldwide, others such as
thorium and hydrogen had been under investigation since the
middle of the 20th century.
Thorium reserves significantly exceed those of uranium, thorium
is taken from open pits, and is estimated to be roughly three
times as abundant as uranium in the Earth's crust. Numerous
facilities throughout the world have burned Thorium.

Fusion Type:
Although the Hydrogen – Helium reaction in very potential, no
materials can withstand the temperatures required to ignite the
fuel.
Fusion power is the process driving the sun and other stars.
Why move to Renewable energy ?:
Renewable energy related technology
and required materials:
Renewable energy related technology and
required materials:
Renewable energy related technology and
required materials: