ASSIGNMENT

ON

SOFTWARE TESTING AND QUALITY

ASSURANCE
Submitted to – Submitted by-
Jiteshwer Anand Surendra
MCA 4th SEM
D3804A15
10806601
Q1. Start the Window Calculator. Type 5,00,000 – 1,000=(the comma is
Important). Look at the result. Is this a Bug? If yes why if not justify?

Ans: - Yes, it is a bug. In windows vista calculator, when the user tries to insert a
comma, the system takes it as a point by default. For example, if we try to write
5,00,000 the system will read it as 5.00.000. and if we try to perform the operation
5,00,000 - 1,00,000, the result is 4 which is definitely a bug.

Q2. How can you combine features of code & fix model and waterfall model to
get better output while implementing a project. Also give an appropriate
reason to support your answer?

ANs:

The code and fix model contains following steps:

• Write some code

• Fix the problems in the code.

Some of the features of this model are:

• It is not really a model; it is more “lack of model”.

• It is probably the model which is used theoretically.

• It is only suitable for short programs which do not require maintenance.

• It is unsatisfactory for large projects.

•
 Q3. Is it Possible to have High Quality and Low-Reliability Product?
What might an example be?

Ans: Quality is associated with the degree of conformance of the product to

customer requirements, and thus, in a sense, with the degree of customer
satisfaction. Implicit in Japanese quality products is an acceptable amount of
reliability; that is, the product performs its intended function over its
intended life under normal environmental and operating conditions.
Reliability assessments are incorporated through simulation and
qualification functions at the design and prototyping stages. With basic
reliability designed in, quality control functions are then incorporated into
the production line using in-line process controls and reduced human
intervention through automation. Reliability assurance tasks such as
qualification are conducted during the product design phase using analytical
simulation methods and design-for-assembly software, and during
development using prototype or pilot hardware. Once again, it is the role of
quality assurance to ensure reliability. Qualification includes activities to
ensure that the nominal design and manufacturing specifications meet the
reliability targets. In some cases, such as the Yamagata Fujitsu hard disk
drive plant, qualification of the manufacturing processes and of the pilot lots
is conducted together.

Quality conformance for qualified products is accomplished through monitoring

and control of critical parameters within the acceptable variations already
established, perhaps during qualification. Quality conformance, therefore, helps to
increase product yield and consequently to lower product cost.
Q4. Elaborate the relation between effectiveness of testing with other phases
of software development, Verify?

Ans: -

1> In analysis phase the requirements of user is collects first and identifies it. in
this phase the documentation is done.

2> After that the designing or architecture model of system is structured. it is

called the designing phase.

3> The next level is coding where the product is coded into the programming
language.

4> Testing: The testing is done after every phase .So that way the testing effect
the all other phases. The testing is the major activity in these all phases.
software testing is investigation conducted to provide a information about
quality of product or service under test with respect to the context. The
intention of software testing is to find the bugs more earlier than the user.
software testing is the process to measure the quality of developed software.

Part – B

Q6. Taking a real life example compare and contrast two models waterfall
and spiral, write the situation in which it is difficult to use these models?

Ans: -

WATERFALL MODEL

The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which

progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the
phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design (validation), Construction,
Testing and Maintenance.

The waterfall development model has its origins in the manufacturing and
construction industries; highly structured physical environments in which after-the-
fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software
development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was
simply adapted for software development.

SPIRAL MODEL

Spiral model consists of 5 iterative cycles. It can be considered as the

generalization of other process models. Each cycle consists of 4 steps:

1 (a) Identify the objectives

(b) Identify the alternative means of implementing this portion of the

product.

(c) Identify the constraints imposed on the application of the alternatives.

2 (a) Evaluate the alternatives relative to objects and constraints

(b) Evaluate the risks involved with each alternative.

(c) Resolve the risks using prototyping, simulation, benchmarking, requirement

analysis etc.

3 (a) Develop and verify the product

(b) Product can be software requirements specification, the design of the

specification, etc.

4 (a) Plan for the next phase.

(b) Depending on the next phase. This could be a requirement plan, an

integration and test plan etc.
Q7. ”Software testing is a trade-off between Quality, Time and Budget.”
Verify?

ANS: Yes, we can say that software testing is a trade-off between quality, time and
budget because all these three factors are dependent on each other if we talk in terms of
software testing. During software testing, we check for the bugs present in the software.
Good software is one that contains minimum number of bugs or errors. In order to
reduce the number of bugs in the software, we need to test it again and again. This
continuous testing requires a lot of time and budget. The more a tester is available of
time and budget, the better the quality of the software is produced. If the tester is not
available of any of the constraint i.e. time or budget, then he might not be able to test the
software properly and the resultant software is of poor quality.

So, in order to get a good quality product, there should be a compromise with time and
money.

Q8. Name Several Tasks that should be performed by a programmer before

writing first line of code?

Ans: - Several Tasks that should be performed by a programmer before writing

first line of code are:-

1) Start with a plan.

2) Figure out how to access your stuff.

3) He should keep in mind that things are always as they appear.

4) There is not just one right way.

5) Discuss with the team.