Pdffile 1

Bible Study
Handbook
50 Basic bible studies
for personal and group study
* Fourth Edition *
Religious Liberty Publishing Assn.

Copyright © 1974 International Missionary Society,
Seventh-day Adventist Church, Reform Movement,American Union
Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 International Missionary Society,

Seventh-day Adventist Church, Reform Movement, American Union
All rights reserved.
Published by
Religious Liberty Publishing Assn.
9999 E. Mississippi Avenue
Denver, CO 80247
www.sda1888.org
CONTENTS
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Holy Scriptures, the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Jesus Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Holy Spirit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Satan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Angels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Hell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Christ’s Second Coming–Climax of the Gospel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Signs of Christ’s Second Coming and the End of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
*Armageddon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Daniel 2–The Final Destiny of the Nations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Revelation 20–The Millennium (1,000 Years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Revelation 21–New Heaven and Earth–Eternity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Daniel 7–The Antichrist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Daniel 8 and 9–the 2,300 Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
The Blood of Christ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
*The Scene of the Judgment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
The Sanctuary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Revelation 14 and 18–Three Angels’ Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Revelation 13-the Mark of the Beast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Christ Our Righteousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
The Law of God–Ten Commandments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Law and Grace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
The Sabbath–Sign of God’s Right to Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Ceremonial or Sanctuary Laws Ended at the Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Prayer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Baptism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
The Lord’s Supper (Communion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Tithes and Offerings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CONTENTS, cont.
The Spirit of Prophecy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
*Divine Healing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Healthful Living. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Responsibility to the Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Christian Citizenship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Sabbath Observance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Church Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Recreation and Amusements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Marriage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Revelation 2 and 3–Letters to the Seven Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
*Revelation 4–God’s Throne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
*Revelation 6 and 8:1–The Seven Seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Revelation 7–the 144,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
*Revelation 8, 9, and 11–The Seven Trumpets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Revelation 10–The Little Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
*Revelation 11–The Two Witnesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Revelation 12–The Dragon and the Woman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
*Revelation 16–The Seven Last Plagues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
*Revelation 17–Mystery, Babylon the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Diagram
The 1,000 Years (Millennium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Appendices
1–The Holy Scriptures, the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
2–Jesus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3–The Holy Spirit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4–Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
*For additional study, not required for baptism

FOREWORD
My son, if thou wilt receive My words,
and hide My commandments with thtee;
so that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom,
and apply thine heart to understanding;
yea, if thou criest after knowledge,
and liftest up thy voice for understanding;
if thou seekest her as silver,
and searches for her as for hid treasures;
then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord,
and find the knowledge of God.
Proverbs 2:1-5.
“A s the mine has rich veins of gold and silver hidden beneath the surface, so that all must dig who
would discover its precious stores, so the Holy Scriptures have treasures of truth that are re-
vealed only to the earnest, humble, prayerful seeker. God designed the Bible to be a lesson book to all
mankind, in childhood, youth, and manhood, and to be studied through all time. He gave His word to
men as a revelation of Himself. Every new truth discerned is a fresh disclosure of the character of its
Author. The study of the Scriptures is the means divinely ordained to bring men into closer connection
with their Creator and to give them a clearer knowledge of His will. It is the medium of communication
between God and man.” –The Great Controversy, p. 69.
To assist you in searching out the deep things of God, this Bible Study Handbook has been prayerfully
prepared. It contains a comprehensive and yet simple outline of Bible studies for personal reference
and instructional use. The lessons have been arranged in an easy-to-find sequence and contain brief
paraphrases of the Bible texts given for each subject in addition to quotations from books by Ellen G.
White.
Our earnest prayer is that you and many others will be blessed as you use this Handbook.
THE PUBLISHERS
Bible Study Handbook 5

THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, THE BIBLE
“… Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.” Matthew 22:29.
“… The scripture cannot be broken.” John 10:35.
Sixty-six books written over a period of about 1,600 years by 35 to 40 men.
Biblia in Greek means “little books”; Bible means “collection of books.”
39 Old Testament books, 27 New Testament books = 66 total
How do these “little books” refer to themselves collectively?

Isaiah 34:16. The Scriptures are called the Book of the Lord.
Hebrews 4:12. They are also called the word of God.
Psalm 119:105, 89. God’s word illuminates and is everlasting.
Matthew 4:4. His word is compared to bread.
Old and New Testament writings

Luke 24:44, 45. Jesus considered the law of Moses, writings of the prophets, and psalms as inspired.
2 Peter 3:15, 16. Paul’s epistles were part of the Scriptures (1 Corinthians 14:37).
2 Timothy 3:16. All Scripture is given by inspiration. “Yet they are expressed in the words of men.”
–The Great Controversy. p. v.
“God has not put Himself in words, in logic, in rhetoric, on trial in the Bible. The writers of the Bible were
God’s penmen, not His pen. Look at the different writers.
“It is not the words of the Bible that are inspired, but the men that were inspired.” –Selected Messages, Book
1, p. 21.
Given by divine inspiration

Isaiah 34:16. God’s mouth
1 Peter 1:10, 11. The Spirit of Christ
2 Peter 1:21. Men of God
Daniel 9:21, 22. Angels
Revelation 1:1. The channel of divine revelation: God to Christ to angel to prophet to people.
Man must study under divine inspiration

1 Corinthians 2:11-14. The Holy Spirit must teach us.
1 John 2:20, 27. Need the unction and anointing of the Holy Spirit.
Luke 11:9-13. Ask, seek, knock, and receive the Holy Spirit (Matthew 7:7, 8).
2 Timothy 3:15. All can understand, even children.
Isaiah 35:8. Fools need not err.
Psalm 19:7. God’s word makes wise the simple (Psalm 119:99).
Psalm 119:130. It gives understanding.
John 7:17. Those who are willing to follow the word will understand the word (Psalm 119:100-104).
“An understanding of Bible truth depends not so much on the power of intellect brought to the search as on
the singleness of purpose, the earnest longing after righteousness.” –The Great Controversy, p. 599.

THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, THE BIBLE, cont.
Important considerations
Matthew 28:19, 20. God commands men to teach His word.
Acts 8:30, 31. Philip taught the Ethiopian (Acts 15:7).
Isaiah 8:20. Man’s teachings must agree with the Scriptures. (A serious responsibility, Jeremiah 3:1.)
1 Samuel 15:22, 23. Changing God’s word is equal to witchcraft.
Revelation 22:18, 19. Adding or taking away brings the curse of plagues and loss of eternal life.
Deuteronomy 4:2; Proverbs 30:6; Jeremiah 23:28, 29. Chaff and wheat.
How to study the Scriptures

Daniel 9:21, 22. Before opening the Bible, pray.
John 5:39. God urges us to search the Scriptures.
Acts 17:11. The Bereans searched for themselves.
Isaiah 28:10; 34:16. We must carefully compare the Scriptures, line upon line, and precept upon pre-
cept.
2 Timothy 3:16, 17. They are given for doctrine, reproof, correction, instruction in righteousness.
Romans 15:4. They were written for our learning, comfort, and hope (1 Corinthians 10:11).
John 5:39. They testify of Christ and the hope of eternal life.
1 Corinthians 2:9, 10. Glorious are the promises.
Summary
Let the Bible interpret itself.
Isaiah 34:16; 28:10. None are missing. God has gathered them and placed them here a little and there
a little.
1 Corinthians 2:13. They compare spiritual things with spiritual.
2 Timothy 2:15. Rightly divide the word of truth.
2 Peter 1:20. They are of no private interpretation.
2 Peter 3:16. Be careful not to wrest the scriptures to destruction.
Matthew 6:22. If thine eye be single…
“Singleness of purpose, wholehearted devotion to God, is the condition pointed out by the Saviour’s words.
Let the purpose be sincere and unwavering to discern the truth and to obey it at whatever cost, and you
will receive divine enlightenment. Real piety begins when all compromise with sin is at an end.” –Thoughts
from the Mount of Blessing, p. 91.
“The student of the Bible should be taught to approach it in the spirit of a learner. We are to search its pages,
not for proof to sustain our opinions, but in order to know what God says.
“A true knowledge of the Bible can be gained only through the aid of that Spirit by whom the word was
given. And in order to gain this knowledge we must live by it. All that God’s word commands, we are to
obey. All that it promises, we may claim. The life which it enjoins is the life that, through its power, we are
to live. Only as the Bible is thus held can it be studied effectively.” –Education, p. 189.
8 Bible Study Handbook

GOD
“God is a person just as Christ is a person.” –Sermons and Talks, vol. 1, p. 343. John 14:6-9.
Yet we are “not to enter into controversy over the presence and personality of God.”
–Selected Messages, vol. 1, p. 203.
The Bible never argues His existence–its first assumption: God exists!
Exodus 20:2, 3. There is only one God (Deuteronomy 6:4).
John 4:24. He is a spiritual being.
John 14:6-9. He is also a person (Hebrews 1:3; Exodus 33:20, 23; Ezekiel 1:26).
Matthew 3:17. He speaks in an audible voice (Matthew 17:5; John 12:27-29).
Psalm 94:9. He hears and sees.
1 Timothy 6:16. No man has seen Him nor can see Him (John 1:18; 6:46; 1 John 4:12, 20).
1 Corinthians 13:12. In eternity we shall see Him face to face.
Matthew 5:8. The pure in heart shall see God.
Psalm 94:10, 11. He grieves. He corrects men and teaches them. He knows our thoughts.
Isaiah 62:5. He also rejoices (and sings, Zephaniah 3:17).
1 Timothy 1:17. He is eternal, immortal–without beginning and end (Revelation 21:6; Romans 1:20).
James 1:17. He is unchangeable and the source of every good gift (Malachi 3:6).
1 John 4:8. God is love.
How can we find Him?

Deuteronomy 32:4. He is “a God of truth.” If we are ever really to know Him, we must also be truth-
ful.
Jeremiah 29:11-13. We are to seek God.
Hebrews 11:6. Only through faith can we come to God.
Romans 10:17. Faith comes through hearing the word of God.
John 14:13. We are to go to Him in the name of Jesus.
Acts 20:21. Repentance to God and faith in Jesus are essential.
“The very first step in approaching God is to know and believe the love that He has to us; for it is though
the drawing of His love that we are led to come to Him.” –Thoughts from the Mount of Blessing, pp. 104, 105.
Summary
The Omniscient Creator: Omniscient–All-knowing One (“In the beginning God.” Elohim–written: God).
Genesis 1:1 (first use). He is the Creator (Hebrews 11:13).
Psalm 33:6, 9. He spoke, and it was. He created the worlds out of nothing–ex nihilo.
Elohim is “Gods” in Hebrew: The Creator and source of all things.
The Omnipresent Covenant Maker: Omnipresent–Ever-present One (“Jehovah is His name”–often
written: Lord and found 6,828 times in the original Old Testament manuscripts).
Genesis 2:4 (first use). Literally, Yehovah Elohim.
Genesis 21:33. The Eternal God.
Exodus 15:2. Our strength, song, and salvation (Psalm 118:14; Isaiah 12:2).

GOD, cont.
Deuteronomy 32:4. He is true, without iniquity.
Jeremiah 10:10. Past, present, future.
Yehovah is God in covenant relationship with those whom He has created, meaning The Eter-
nal, The Immutable One, He Who WAS, and IS, and IS TO COME.
The Omnipotent Sustainer: Omnipotent–All-powerful One (El Shaddai–written: Almighty GOD).
Genesis 17:1 (first use). The God who called Abram is able to supply all of man’s needs.
Matthew 6:7. Use not vain repetitions, especially of His name or titles (Exodus 20:7).
Matthew 6:9. He is our Father in heaven.
Shaddai is God as the Sustainer and All-bountiful Giver of grace. This is His most sacred title.
Rarely used in the Old Testament, Shaddai is used only once in its Greek form in the New Testament in 2
Corinthians 6:18, where God Almighty promises to be the Sustainer of all who (like Abram) are willing to
covenant with Him to come out and be separate from the world (Babylon).
We must not use the name of God, the great Jehovah, in an irreverent manner. See Testimonies for the Church,
vol. 1, p. 410.
“Some think it a mark of humility to pray to God in a common manner, as though talking with human
beings. They profane His name by needlessly and irreverently interlarding their prayers with ‘God Al-
mighty’–awful and sacred words, that should never pass the human lips except with bated breath and
solemn and subdued tones.” –Signs of the Times, December 3, 1896.

JESUS CHRIST
“From the days of eternity the Lord Jesus Christ was one with the Father.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 19.
Living Son of God

John 3:16. God’s only begotten Son.
Hebrews 1:1, 3, 5. Express image of God.
John 5:39. The Scriptures testify of Him.
He lived in heaven before coming to earth

John 17:5. He was with God before the world was.
John 6:38. He came down from heaven.
John 8:58. He was before Abraham.
John 1:1. The Word (Christ) was in the beginning.
Creator of all things

Hebrews 1:1, 2. He made the worlds.
Colossians 1:15-17. All things were created by Him and for Him.
John 1:1-3. All things were made by Him.
One with God the Father

John 10:30. “I and My Father are one” (Philippians 2:6).
John 1:1-4. The Word was God. His life is the light of men.
“The Word existed as a divine being, even as the Eternal Son of God, in union and oneness with His Fa-
ther.” –Evangelism, p. 615.
Hebrews 1:8. God the Father calls His Son “God” (Hebrews 7:3).
John 1:14. He was made flesh (Romans 1:3; 8:3; Hebrews 2:14-18).
John 5:30. He always sought to do His Father’s will (John 7:16; 8:29; 12:49, etc.).
Prophecies concerning His birth (Messiah/Christ)

Isaiah 7:14. His name was to be “Emmanuel.”
Micah 5:2. The ruler of Israel was to come out of Bethlehem.
Isaiah 9:6. “Unto us a child is born”: Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting Father,
the Prince of Peace (Genesis 49:10).
Isaiah 7:14. He would be born in the flesh of a virgin.
Matthew 1:18, 21. Prophecy was fulfilled as Mary conceived of the Holy Ghost.
Matthew 1:23. His name, “Emmanuel,” means “God with us.”
Jesus fulfilled more than 300 Old Testament prophecies concerning His birth, life, death, and resurrection.
His example under temptation

Hebrews 4:14-16. Tempted in all points, as we are.
1 Peter 2:21, 22. Suffered for us, did not sin.
John 15:10. Kept His Father’s commandments.

JESUS CHRIST, cont.
Our only hope
Romans 5:8. Christ died for us while we were still sinners.
Matthew 26:27, 28. His blood was shed for the forgiveness of our sins.
Romans 5:10. Then, He saves us by His resurrection and life.
1 Timothy 2:5. He is the only Mediator between man and God.
Acts 4:12. No other name can save us.
Colossians 2:9, 10. Christ is the fullness of the Godhead.
2 Peter 1:16, 18. God’s voice from heaven testified of Him.
Colossians 1:26, 27. Christ in you the hope of glory.
1 John 4:19. He loved us.
John 14:15. If we love Him, we will keep His commandments.
“The Preexistent, Self-existent Son of God. Christ is the preexistent, self-existent Son of God. In speaking
of his preexistence, Christ carries the mind back through dateless ages. He assures us that there never was
a time when He was not in close fellowship with the eternal God. He to whose voice the Jews were then
listening had been with God as one brought up with Him.” –Signs of the Times, August 29, 1900.
“He was equal with God, infinite and omnipotent…. He is the eternal, self-existent Son.” –(Manuscript 101,
1897) Evangelism, p. 615.

HOLY SPIRIT
The work of the Holy Spirit is to enlighten the darkened understanding;
to melt the selfish, stony heart; to subdue the rebellious transgressor;
and to save him from the corrupting influences of the world.
Who He is
John 14:16, 17. He is called the other Comforter, the Spirit of truth.
John 16:7. It was necessary for Christ to return to heaven so that the Comforter could be sent.
John 14:26. He is also called the Holy Ghost, who will teach and bring all things to remembrance (Ne-
hemiah 9:20; 1 Corinthians 2:13).
The Godhead
1 John 5:7. He is one with the Father and the Son; these three living Persons constitute the Godhead
(Acts 17:29; Romans 1:20; Colossians 2:19).
“The Father is all the fullness of the Godhead bodily, and is invisible to mortal sight.
“The Son is all the fullness of the Godhead manifested. The word of God declares Him to be ‘the express
image of His person.’…
“The Comforter that Christ promised to send after He ascended to heaven, is the Spirit in all the fullness
of the Godhead, making manifest the power of divine grace to all who receive and believe in Christ as a
personal Saviour. There are three living persons of the heavenly trio;… and these powers will cooperate
with the obedient subjects of heaven in their efforts to live the new life in Christ.” –Evangelism, pp. 614, 615.
Matthew 28:19. He is the third person of the Godhead.
Deuteronomy 29:29. The secret things belong to God.
2 Corinthians 2:10. But what is revealed is “revealed unto us by His Spirit.”
John 16:3. “He shall not speak of Himself.”
“The nature of the Holy Spirit is a mystery. Men cannot explain it, because the Lord has not revealed it to
them…. Regarding such mysteries, which are too deep for human understanding, silence is golden.” –The
Acts of the Apostles, p. 52.
What He does
Genesis 1:1, 2. He was active in the creation.
John 16:12-14. Guides into all truth and shows things to come (2 Peter 1:21).
John 17:17. This truth is God’s word.
John 16:8-11. Reproves men of sin, righteousness, and judgment.
1 Corinthians 2:10, 11. Explains the Scriptures.
John 3:5-9. Brings about the new birth.
1 Peter 3:18. Jesus was “quickened by the Spirit.”
John 1:13. Thus men are born of God, not of flesh or man’s will.
John 14:17. Dwells in men. (Pours the love of God into men’s hearts, Romans 5:5.)
Hebrews 8:10; 2 Corinthians 3:3, 18. Writes God’s law in the heart and mind.
“It is the Spirit that makes effectual what has been wrought out by the world’s Redeemer.” –The Desire of
Ages, p. 671.
Romans 8:26, 27. Intercedes for men.

HOLY SPIRIT, cont.
Acts 1:8. Gives men power to witness.
Acts 8:29-31, 35. Example: Philip witnessed to the Ethiopian.
Romans 8:14. Leads men. (Gives life, Romans 8:10, 11.)
Ephesians 4:30. Seals men for salvation.
How to receive and retain the Holy Spirit

Galatians 3:2-14. The Spirit is received by faith.
Galatians 4:4-7. Given to God’s children.
Luke 11:9-13. Ask.
Romans 8:9-17. Retained by the continued exercise of living faith.
Acts 5:32. Witnesses that Jesus is the Messiah; given to the obedient.
Acts 2:38. The special endowment of the Holy Spirit is promised to those who covenant with God.
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit

Romans 6:16. There is a sin unto death (1 John 5:16).
Matthew 12:31, 32. The unpardonable and fatal sin consists of (1) deliberately rejecting light (i.e.,
complete unbelief) until the conscience is dead (1 Timothy 4:2; Titus 1:15).
Matthew 12:22-24. Results in (2) attributing God’s work to the devil (Matthew 9:34).
“What constitutes the sin against the Holy Ghost? It is willfully attributing to Satan the work of the Holy
Spirit…. It is through the medium of His Spirit that God works upon the human heart; and when men will-
fully reject the Spirit and declare it to be from Satan, they cut off the channel by which God can communi-
cate with them. By denying the evidence which God has been pleased to give them, they shut out the light
which had been shining in their hearts, and as the result they are left in darkness. [Matthew 6:23 quoted.]”
–Testimonies for the Church, vol. 5, p. 634.
“[Matthew 9:34 quoted.] Those who had spoken against Jesus Himself, not discerning His divine character,
might receive forgiveness; for through the Holy Spirit they might be brought to see their error and repent.
Whatever the sin, if the soul repents and believes, the guilt is washed away in the blood of Christ; but he
who rejects the work of the Holy Spirit is placing himself where repentance and faith cannot come to him.
It is by the Spirit that God works upon the heart; when men willfully reject the Spirit, and declare It to be
from Satan, they cut off the channel by which God can communicate with them. When the Spirit is finally
rejected, there is no more that God can do for the soul.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 321.
Psalm 19:13. Presumptuous sins lead to the great transgression, (3) the refusal to repent of known sin.
Hebrews 6:4-6. (4) Complete denial and rejection of Christ.
Matthew 7:21-23. “I never knew you.” Individuals committing this sin are blind to their rejection (The
Desire of Ages, p. 324).
Amos 8:11, 12. After probation closes, men will seek for God’s word but not find it.
“The promise of the Holy Spirit is not limited to any age or to any race. Christ declared that the divine
influence of His Spirit was to be with His followers unto the end. From the day of Pentecost to the present
time, the Comforter has been sent to all who have yielded themselves fully to the Lord and His service.
To all who have accepted Christ as a personal Saviour, the Holy Spirit has come as a counselor, sanctifier,
guide, and witness.” –The Acts of the Apostles, p. 49.

SATAN
The creation
Genesis 1:31. God created a perfect world.
1 John 4:8. God is love.
Romans 11:33. The wisdom and knowledge of God are unsearchable.
Psalm 62:11. God is the power behind all things.
Ezekiel 28:14, 15. Satan was created perfect to be the covering angel next to God’s throne.
Ezekiel 28:12, 13. He was the fullness of wisdom and was perfect in beauty.
Isaiah 14:12. He was called the son of the morning.
Sin changed this

1 John 3:8. Sin began with the devil.
Ezekiel 28:17. Pride in his beauty and wisdom defiled him.
Isaiah 14:13, 14. He defied God and determined to overthrow His throne.
John 8:44. He is a liar and a murderer.
War in heaven
Revelation 12:7-9. The dragon was cast out of heaven with his followers.
Isaiah 14:12. Lucifer, son of the morning, fell from heaven.
Luke 10:18. Satan fell as lightning from heaven.
Man became entangled

Genesis 3:16-19. Results of disobedience.
1 John 3:4. Sin is the transgression of God’s law. The results are sorrow, sickness, suffering, hatred,
suspicion, crime, fear, war, bloodshed, pestilence, famine, disaster, and death.
Romans 6:23. Death entered through sin.
2 Corinthians 4:3, 4. Satan became god of this world.
John 12:31, 21. He is also called the prince of this world.
Ephesians 2:2. He is also called the prince of the power of the air.
Matthew 12:24-26. He is the prince of devils.
Satan works by four methods

1. Deception
Genesis 3:1; 1 Timothy 2:14. He spoke through the serpent and deceived Eve.
2 Corinthians 11:13-15. He transforms himself into an angel of light; and, his deceitful ministers into
apostles of Christ.
Ephesians 6:12. He works through religious and governmental powers.
Revelation 16:14. He deceives by miracles.

SATAN, cont.
2. Accusation
Genesis 3:1. He accused God to Eve.
Job 1:8-11; 2:4, 5. He accused Job to God.
Zechariah 3:1-5. He pointed out the filthy garments of Joshua the high priest.
Revelation 12:10. He is the accuser of the brethren.
3. Affliction
Job 2:7. He smote Job with terrible boils.
Luke 13:16. He bound a woman in sickness for 18 years.
2 Corinthians 12:7-9. He buffeted Paul’s flesh.
4. Persecution
Revelation 12:17. He hates Christ and by persecution tries to destroy the true church and command-
ment keepers.
1 Peter 5:8. Like a roaring lion he seeks to destroy every Christian.
Revelation 12:15, 17. He uses people to persecute the church and make war against it.
We can overcome the devil

Revelation 12:11. By the blood of the Lamb, by the word of our testimony.
Matthew 4:7. By the word of God.
James 4:7. By resisting him.
Romans 12:21. By overcoming evil with good.
Revelation 20:10. Satan will be destroyed in the lake of fire.
Ezekiel 28:18. He will become ashes in the sight of the righteous.
Ezekiel 28:19. He shall never be anymore.
“In Christ, God has provided means for subduing every sinful trait, and resisting every temptation, how-
ever strong. But many feel that they lack faith, and therefore they remain away from Christ. Let these souls,
in their helpless unworthiness, cast themselves upon the mercy of their compassionate Saviour. Look not to
self, but to Christ. He who healed the sick and cast out demons when He walked among men is the same
mighty Redeemer today. Faith comes by the word of God. Then grasp His promise, ‘Him that cometh to
Me I will in no wise cast out.’ John 6:37. Cast yourself at His feet with the cry, ‘Lord, I believe; help Thou
mine unbelief.”
’You can never perish while you do this–never.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 429.
“There is a mighty power in prayer. Our great adversary is constantly seeking to keep the troubled soul
away from God. An appeal to Heaven by the humblest saint is more to be dreaded by Satan than the de-
crees of cabinets or the mandates of kings.” –Sons and Daughters of God, p. 136.
“We become overcomers by helping others to overcome, by the blood of the Lamb and the word of our
testimony [Revelation 12:11].” –Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, vol. 7, p. 974.

ANGELS
Psalm 8:4, 5. Angels are created beings made higher than men.
Genesis 32:1, 2; 1 Kings 22:19. They are called God’s host (army).
Hebrews 1:13, 14. They are called ministering spirits (spiritual beings).
Physical characteristics
Genesis 3:22-24. An angel was sent to guard the tree of life after the first man sinned.
Genesis 19:1 3. Veiling their glory, two angels ate and drank with Lot in Sodom as men.
Genesis 19:10, 11. Angels put forth their hands and smote men.
Psalm 103:20. They excel in strength.
2 Kings 6:14-17. They are invisible to the naked eye, yet God sometimes opens the eyes of men so they
can see angels.
Numbers 22:22-27. The eyes of dumb animals are opened also.
Revelation 19:10. When men see and perceive the sacredness of these messengers, they just naturally
worship them.
Work of the angels

Hebrews 1:13, 14. They minister to the heirs of salvation.
1 Timothy 5:21. They are in full cooperation with the Father and the Son.
Genesis 28:12, 13. They descend and ascend constantly from heaven to earth.
Daniel 9:21-23. Their speed is beyond comprehension; for example, Daniel’s prayer was not finished
before the answer was brought by Gabriel from heaven.
Psalm 34:7. They protect God’s people.
Matthew 18:10. Each child of God has a guardian angel.
Luke 15:10. They rejoice when one sinner repents.
Luke 2:8-15. They had a joyful part in the birth of Christ.
Acts 12:7-9. An angel delivered Peter from prison.
Matthew 4:11. The angel’s strengthening power for prayer was given to Christ in the Garden of Geth-
semane.
Different orders of angels

Isaiah 6:2, 6. The seraphim have their work.
Exodus 25:16-18. The cherubim were at either end of the mercy seat.
Psalm 80:1. God dwells between the cherubim.
Revelation 15:1. Seven angels pour out the last plagues.
Revelation 7:1. Four angels restrain war on earth.
Revelation 14:6-12. The last warning messages are in the charge of three angels.
Revelation 19:14. Angels are perfectly organized and will appear like armies when they accompany
Christ at His second coming.
Daniel 10:21. Gabriel is the angel of prophecy.

ANGELS, cont.
Luke 1:19. He stands in God’s presence–took Lucifer’s (Satan’s) place.
Daniel 9:21. Only Michael (Christ) reveals prophecy to Gabriel.
Revelation 22:16, 6. He is Christ’s own angel.
Revelation 22:9. He is the fellow servant of the prophets and those who keep and assist in the fulfill-
ing of the prophecies of Revelation.
Number of angels
Revelation 5:11. 10,000 times 10,000 plus thousands of thousands.
Hebrews 12:22. Innumerable.
“Every redeemed one will understand the ministry of angels in his own life. The angel who was his guard-
ian from his earliest moment; the angel who watched his steps, and covered his head in the day of peril; the
angel who was with him in the valley of the shadow of death, who marked his resting place, who was the
first to greet him in the resurrection morning–what will it be to hold converse with him, and to learn the
history of divine interposition in the individual life, of heavenly cooperation in every work for humanity!
“All the perplexities of life’s experience will then be made plain. Where to us have appeared only confusion
and disappointment, broken purposes and thwarted plans, will be seen a grand, overruling, victorious
purpose, a divine harmony.” –Education, p. 305.
“If in our ignorance we make missteps, the Saviour does not forsake us. We need never feel that we are
alone. Angels are our companions.” –The Ministry of Healing, p. 249.
Michael, the Archangel

Mikáel–”Who is like God.” This name appears only in apocalyptic passages.
Daniel 10:13, 21. One of the chief princes; your prince.
Daniel 12:1. The great prince who is the protector and deliverer.
Jude 9. He contended with the devil for the body of Moses.
Revelation 12:7. He fought against the dragon in heaven.
1 Thessalonians 4:16. At the voice of the Archangel, the dead will arise at Jesus’ second coming (John
5:28).
The Archangel (Head of the angels) is none other than Jesus. “Michael” is the name used for Him when He
is in direct conflict with Satan.

DEATH
Job 4:17. Man is mortal (must die) (Romans 6:12; 8:11; 2 Corinthians 4:11).
1 Tim. 1:17; 6:15, 16. God only is immortal (lives forever).
Romans 2:7. Man seeks for immortality.
Genesis 2:7. Dust PLUS the breath of God (Spirit of God) equals a living soul (Job 27:3; Psalm
104:29).
Genesis 3:19; Ecclesiastes 12:7. Man returns to dust. A living soul MINUS the breath of God (Spirit
of God) equals dust.
Ecclesiastes 3:18-21. Animal souls (Revelation 16:3; 8:9).
Man is NOT conscious in death

Psalm 146:4. His thoughts perish with his last breath.
Ecclesiastes 9:5. The dead know not anything.
Ecclesiastes 9:6. Love, hatred, and envy perish (Verse 10).
Psalm 6:5; 115:17. The dead do not praise the Lord. (Isaiah 38:48, 49.)
Death–a sleep (1 Corinthians 15:51-54)

Psalm 13:3. The sleep of death (Job 14:12).
1 Kings 11:43. Solomon slept with this fathers.
Matthew 27:52. Many bodies of the saints which slept arose.
John 11:11-14. Lazarus sleeps. Lazarus is dead.
The resurrection, man’s only hope

John 5:29, 29. Those in the grave shall hear His voice, and the righteous will come forth in the “first
resurrection of life” at the second coming of Christ.
1 Thessalonians 4:15, 16. The dead in Christ shall rise first.
“The voice that cried from the cross,’ It is finished,’ was heard among the dead. At the Saviour’s resurrection
a few graves were opened, but at His second coming all the precious dead shall hear His voice, and shall
come forth to glorious, immortal life.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 787.
1 Corinthians 15:51 55. The dead are raised incorruptible and put on (receive) immortality.
Revelation 2:12. The reward will be bestowed.
1 Corinthians 15:35-38. Death and resurrection are compared with sowing of seed.
2 Timothy 1:10. Jesus has abolished death.
A warning against spiritualism

Deuteronomy 18:9-12. God condemns communicating with familiar spirits, or the “dead.”
1 Timothy 4:1; Revelation 16:14. The dead are asleep, so such communication is with devils; this is
spiritualism.
The First and the Last

Genesis 3:4. The first lie: “Ye shall not surely die.”
John 3:16. The ultimate truth: Jesus died that we might have eternal life.

DEATH, cont.
Death, the total cessation of all vital functions
Mortal: Subject to death.
Spirit (being) (John 4:24; Hebrews 1:14).
Spirit (state of feeling or being) (Romans 8:12).
Spirit (seat of thought or feeling) (Mark 8:12).
Spirit (vital principle of life) (Matthew 5:3).
Spirit (frame of mind) (Matthew 5:3).
Spirit (spiritual significance) (Romans 2:29; 7:6; 2 Corinthians 3:6).
Spirit (wind) (John 3:8).
The breath which man has from God is more than air. It is life, vital energy. The union of this breath with
the body makes man alive, conscious, intelligently capable of exercising judgment, making decisions, and
taking action. Just as we do not understand fully the Spirit of God which He gave to man, we do not fully
understand the spirit, breath of life, vital energy that returns to God.
One thing is clear: Nowhere does the Bible teach the existence of a spirit as a conscious entity separate from
the physical body.

HELL
Ezekiel 33:11. God has no pleasure in the death of the wicked.
In the Bible there are three meanings for the word translated as “hell.” First, the Hebrew word Sheol and
the Greek word Hades mean “grave” (Psalm 16:10). Second, the Greek word Tartarus means “darkness” (2
Peter 2:4). The third meaning, “a place of burning” (Gehenna in the Greek), is the one to be discussed here.
The day of judgment (Hebrews 9:27)

2 Peter 2:9. The wicked are reserved for the day of judgment.
2 Peter 3:7, 10. On this day of judgment, the earth will become a lake of fire (hell), which will destroy
the wicked and the present world.
Revelation 21:8. This destruction is called the second death.
Romans 6:23. The wages of sin are the second death.
Ezekiel 18:4. The soul that sins will die the second death.
“Everlasting” fire
Jude 7. Sodom and Gomorrah were an example of eternal fire.
2 Peter 2:6. Sodom and Gomorrah are now ashes. (Radiation was found in the soil at the site of these
cities by Russian scientists.)
Jeremiah 17:27. The palaces and temple of Jerusalem were devoured by unquenchable fire in B.C. 587.
Matthew 25:46. Christ says everlasting “punishment” (or total destruction), not everlasting “punish-
ing.”
When will hell take place?

John 5:28, 29. The wicked are called forth from the grave at the second resurrection, which is called
the resurrection of damnation.
Revelation 20:6-10. This second resurrection is at the end of the 1,000 years.
Who will be destroyed?

2 Thessalonians 1:7-9. The wicked are punished on the day of judgment by everlasting destruction.
Matthew 25:41. The devil and his evil angels are destroyed in the same everlasting fire of destruction.
Isaiah 66:24. Carcasses are dead bodies. The fire and worms are the elements of destruction that “eat
up” the dead bodies in the second death.
The final result

Matthew 10:28. Both body and soul are destroyed in hell fire (Revelation 20:5, 6, 11-15).
Malachi 4:1. The wicked shall be stubble–neither root (Satan) nor branch (his followers) will be left.
Psalm 37:10. The wicked shall not be.
Obadiah 16. The wicked will “be as though they had not been.”
Malachi 4:3. The wicked will be ashes under the righteous’ feet.
Revelation 20:10. Yet the destruction is as if it were torment day and night forever and ever.
Ezekiel 28:16, 18, 19. The covering cherub (the devil) will be ashes upon the earth.
Nahum 1:9. Sin will not rise again.

HELL, cont.
John 3:16. Whoever believes on the Son of God will not perish.
“The fire that consumes the wicked purifies the earth. Every trace of the curse is swept away. No eternally
burning hell will keep before the ransomed the fearful consequences of sin.” –The Great Controversy, p. 674.
Additional Notes
The Greek work Gêênna or Gehenna is literally translated from the Hebrew Ge Hinnom or Valley of (the son
of) Hinnom. There are 9 different references to this place in the Bible. Three of them are mentioned only in
reference to boundary lines (Joshua 15:8; 18:16; Nehemiah 11:30). The other six all mention the fact that this
was a place notorious for human sacrifices (2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 28:3; 33:6; Jeremiah 7:31, 32; 19:2-6;
32:35). In Jeremiah 19:2-6, the Lord told Jeremiah to declare the prophecy that Gehenna (the Valley of the
son of Hinnom) would be known, in the days to come, as the “Valley of Slaughter.” He said of those who
would hear of this judgment that He was to bring upon that place that their ears would “tingle.”
Gehenna, then, became synonymous with destruction and slaughter and never lost its stigma with the Jew-
ish people as a place where human beings were burned to ashes. The word “damnation” is from the Greek
work Krisis, which is literally translated “judgment,” “decision,” or “justice.” The word “Damnation” actu-
ally means condemned to perdition; and “perdition” means total destruction–to put an end to. In the only
two places where the word “unquenchable” is used in the Bible (Matthew 3:13; Luke 3:17), the Greek word
used is asbêstos, which means literally “not extinguished.” The word used for “eternal” (Jude 7) is the same
as that used for “everlasting” elsewhere in the Bible–aioniôs (Greek).

CHRIST’S SECOND COMING–CLIMAX OF THE GOSPEL
The promise
John 14:1-3. Christ promised He would return the second time.
Job 19:25-27. Job believed in the Redeemer’s return and the resurrection of his body.
1 Thessalonians 2:19. Paul called Christ’s coming our hope, joy, and crown of rejoicing.
Titus 2:13. It is also called the blessed hope and glorious appearing.
How will He come?

IN THE CLOUDS
Acts 1:9-11. From heaven, just as He ascended to heaven.
Matthew 24:30. He will come with power and great glory.
Revelation 1:7. Every eye shall see Him.
WITH THE TRUMPET BLAST
Matthew 24:31. With His angels.
1 Thessalonians 4:16. With the trump of God, a shout, and the voice of the Archangel (Christ).
IN THE GREATEST POWER AND GLORY
Matthew 25:31. His own glory.
Luke 9:26. His own, His Father’s, and the holy angels’ glory.
Matthew 28:2-4. Effect of one angel’s glory.
Revelation 6:15-17. Men will cry for the mountains and rocks to fall on them and hide them from such
power and glory.
2 Thessalonians 2:8. The wicked destroyed by the glorious brightness of Christ’s coming.
TO THE WICKED, AS A THIEF IN THE NIGHT
2 Peter 3:10. The day of the Lord comes as a thief in the night.
Matthew 24:42-44. His coming is unexpected to the unprepared, the wicked.
1 Thessalonians 5:2-5. As a thief in the night to the wicked, but not so to the righteous.
Why will He come?

1. 1 Thessalonians 4:16. To raise the righteous dead.
1 Corinthians 15:52, 53. At the trumpet, the dead are raised to immortality.
2. 1 Thessalonians 4:17. To catch up the living righteous. They meet the Lord in the air.
1 Corinthians 15:52, 53. The living put on immortality.
3. John 14:2, 3. To take all the redeemed to the heavenly mansions.
4. Philippians 3:20, 21. To change the righteous’ vile bodies and make them like Christ’s glorious body.
1 Corinthians 15:51-53. Their bodies will be made immortal and incorruptible.
5. 2 Thessalonians 1:7-10; 2:8. To destroy the wicked.
Revelation 19:20, 21. All who fight against Christ will be destroyed.

CHRIST’S SECOND COMING–CLIMAX OF THE GOSPEL, cont.
Prepare to meet thy God
Matthew 24:36, 44. The day and hour of His coming are not given.
Matthew 24:23-27. Warning: many false teachings concerning Christ’s second coming.
John 6:37. Come to Christ.
1 John 3:2, 3. We should purify ourselves since we have this hope.
2 Timothy 4:7, 8. A crown of righteousness will be given at that day to the faithful.
“An understanding of the hope of Christ’s second coming is the key that unlocks all the history that follows
and explains all the future lessons.” –Evangelism, p. 220.

SIGNS OF CHRIST’S SECOND COMING AND THE END OF THE WORLD
Matthew 24:1-3. Christ’s disciples asked what would be the signs of His coming.
Political
Luke 21:25-28. Seas roaring, fear and perplexity, distress of nations.
Matthew 24:6, 7; Joel 3:9-14; Revelation 11:18. Wars and rumors of war. Nation against nation and
kingdom against kingdom.
1 Thessalonians 5:2, 3. Great efforts for peace.
Social
Daniel 12:4. Increase in knowledge, rapid transportation.
2 Timothy 3:1-5. Moral decay.
James 5:1-8. Conflict between capital and labor.
Physical
Revelation 6:12. Lisbon earthquake (1755)–in area, the greatest earthquake ever recorded.
Matthew 24:7. Famines and pestilences; earthquakes in divers places are increasing. [It is estimated
that there are now over 1,000 earthquakes every day, but only a small proportion are felt. At least
half of them are too small to be noticed and many occur in oceans or unpopulated areas (Colliers
Encyclopedia, 1968 ed., vol. 8, p. 486).]
Matthew 24:29; Joel 3:15; Revelation 6:12. Dark Day–moon like blood (May 19, 1780).
Matthew 24:29; Revelation 6:13. Greatest meteoric shower (falling stars) ever recorded (November 13,
1833).
Religious
Matthew 24:4, 5. False christs and teachers; evolutionary theories abounding are a good example.
2 Peter 3:3, 4. Scoffers walking after their own lusts.
1 Timothy 4:1; Revelation 16:14. Spiritualism; satanist churches; interest in the occult.
2 Timothy 3:1-5. Moral decay; lovers of pleasure more than of God.
Matthew 24:37-41. As in Noah’s day, one shall be taken and the other left.
Luke 18:8. Lack of simple faith.
Matthew 24:12. Lack of true love.
Matthew 24:14. Gospel preached in all the world.
Watch and pray

Matthew 24:32-34. Signs show Christ’s coming is “at the door.”
Matthew 24:36-39. We know not the day or hour of His coming.
Matthew 24:42. Watch and pray (Mark 13:33).
“Thank God, all will not be rocked to sleep in the cradle of carnal security. There will be faithful ones who
will discern the signs of the times.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 5, p. 10.

ARMAGEDDON
TITLE
Revelation 16:14. The final battle involving all nations is called the great day of God Almighty. The
spirits of devils are preparing the way for this.
Revelation 16:13. Miracles coming from paganism (the dragon), Catholicism (the beast), and apostate
Protestantism (the false prophet) are instruments of this devilish work.
Revelation 16:12. The drying up of the Euphrates (territory of the ancient Ottoman empire) indicates
the time when Turkey (Mohammedanism) will cease to be a barrier between East and West.
Revelation 16:16. This battle will be fought at Armageddon, the territory lying 40 miles north of Jeru-
salem.
1. Strategic geographical center of the world
2. International political center as well as center of oil-rich countries
3. Critical religious center for Judaism, Mohammedanism, and Christianity
Joel 3:9-12. All nations will be called to war.
Joel 3:12. The heathen were awakened for war as God’s judgment hour message began in 1844. Since
1844, the following heathen nations have become political powers: Russia, China, Japan, and
India.
Revelation 11:18. The time of judgment was when the nations became angry: 1848 was the political
storm year; there has been no peace in the world since then.
Joel 3:13. The harvest time of the world is at hand.
Revelation 14:6, 7. In 1844, the “hour of judgment” message shook the world.
Revelation 14:8-11. This message was joined by the second and third angels’ messages.
Revelation 18:1-4. This threefold message of warning will close with the loud cry.
Revelation 16:12. The nations will be gathered at Armageddon under the sixth plague. Man’s proba-
tion will have previously closed.
Revelation 16:14, 15. Christ’s coming will be perfectly timed at the day of Armageddon.
“The battle of Armageddon is soon to be fought. He on whose vesture is written the name, King of kings,
and Lord of lords, is soon to lead forth the armies of heaven.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 6, p. 406.

DANIEL 2–THE FINAL DESTINY OF THE NATIONS
TITLE
The dream
Daniel 2:1-9. The story of the forgotten dream.
Daniel 2:10, 11. The failure of the magicians, astrologers, sorcerers, and Chaldean scientific diviners
to tell the dream.
Daniel 2:12, 13. The king’s fury against these wise men included Daniel and his companions (the true
men of the living God).
Daniel 2:17-23. Prayer for revelation of the dream and thanksgiving for the answer.
Daniel 2:28. Prophecy of the latter days.
Daniel 2:31-35. The dream.
The interpretation
Daniel 2:37, 38. Head of gold–1st world empire of Babylon (B.C. 538-331).
Daniel 2:39. Breast and arms of silver–2nd empire of Medo-Persia (B.C. 538-331).
Daniel 2:39. Belly and thighs of brass–3rd empire of Greece (B.C. 331-268).
Daniel 2:40. Legs of iron–fourth world empire of Rome (B.C. 168-A.D. 476).
Daniel 2:41, 42. Feet and ten toes of mixed iron and clay–Rome empire divided into ten parts by the
invasion of barbarian tribes (A.D. 351 and A.D. 476). Some parts would be strong; some, weak.
Daniel 2:43. These ten divisions (Lombards, Franks, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Burgundians, Suevi, Heru-
li, Vandals, Allemani, Saxons) became the European powers of Italy, France, England, Austria,
Belgium, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Germany, and Switzerland.
In answer to the prophecy, they have tried to unite through intermarriage of their royal lines. Also, power-
ful men (Charlemagne, Napoleon, Hitler) have tried to unify Europe, and efforts are still being made. But
God said they will remain separate in the same manner as iron and clay cannot mix.
Daniel 2:44. These ten European nations will remain separate from each other until just before Christ
comes and destroys this world’s kingdoms. Another world empire would never endure after the
fall of Rome in A.D. 476.
Daniel 2:44, 45. The stone is Christ, and the righteous are the mountain that will fill the earth made
new (verse 35).
Daniel 2:45. The dream is certain.
“In the annals of human history, the growth of nations, the rise and fall of empires, appear as if dependent
on the will and prowess of man; the shaping of events seems, to a great degree, to be determined by his
power, ambition or caprice. But in the word of God the curtain is drawn aside, and we behold, above, be-
hind, and through all the play an counterplay of human interest and power and passions, the agencies of
the All merciful One, silently, patiently working out the counsels of His own will.” –Prophets and Kings, pp.
499, 500.

TITLE
REVELATION 20–THE MILLENNIUM (1,000 YEARS)
Events at Christ’s second coming
Revelation 16:17-20. The greatest earthquake ever.
Revelation 6:14-17. Every mountain and island will be moved.
Revelation 16:21. Hail the weight of a talent (58 lbs.) will fall.
2 Thessalonians 1:7-9. The wicked will be destroyed.
1 Thessalonians 4:16, 17. The righteous will go to heaven following the first resurrection.
Conditions during the 1,000 years

Jeremiah 4:23-27. The earth left desolate.
Isaiah 24:1, 3, 5, 19-22. Inhabitants are shut up (in the grave) for many days.
Revelation 20:1-3. Satan is bound on the desolate earth (bottomless pit) during the 1,000 years.
Revelation 20:4. The righteous, in heaven during 1,000 years, will judge the wicked.
1 Corinthians 6:1-3. The righteous judge the evil angels. See also 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 6.
Events at end of the 1,000 years

Revelation 21:2. The holy city, New Jerusalem–capital city of the new earth–descends to earth from
heaven.
Revelation 20:5 (first part), 13. The wicked are raised in the second resurrection at the end of the 1,000
years to face their judgment (John 5:28, 29).
Revelation 20:7. Satan is loosed for renewed activity when the wicked dead are raised at the end of
the 1,000 years.
Revelation 20:8, 9. The last battle between Christ and Satan will take place at the Holy City, New Je-
rusalem.
Revelation 20:11. Coronation of the Son of God.
Revelation 20:12. The wicked are arraigned at the bar of God.
Revelation 20:9 (last part), 10. The wicked and the devil will be destroyed in the lake of fire, as will the
beast (Catholicism) and the false prophet (false Protestantism).
Revelation 20:14, 15. This is the second death.
2 Peter 3:12, 13; Revelation 21:1; Isaiah 65:17; 66:22. The earth is purified by this lake of fire and made
new.
Revelation 21:18. The righteous will inherit the new earth.
“For a thousand years, Satan will wander to and fro in the desolate earth to behold the results of his rebel-
lion against the law of God. During this time his sufferings are intense. Since his fall his life of unceasing
activity has banished reflection; but he is now deprived of his power and left to contemplate the part which
he has acted since first he rebelled against the government of heaven, and to look forward with trembling
and terror to the dreadful future when he must suffer for all the evil that he has done and be punished for
the sins that he has caused to be committed.” –The Great Controversy, p. 660.
“God’s entire universe was clean, and the great controversy was forever ended. Wherever we looked, ev-
erything upon which the eye rested was beautiful and holy. The beautiful new earth, with all its glory, was
the eternal inheritance of the saints.” –Early Writings, p. 295.
See diagram of the 1,000 days (years) on p. 99.

REVELATION 21–NEW HEAVEN AND EARTH–ETERNITY
When God created the world, He gave man four things:
Life, a righteous character, a beautiful home, and dominion.
Isaiah 45:18. This earth was not created in vain.
1. LIFE Christ restores LIFE
Genesis 2:7. God gave Adam life. Adam became Luke 19:10. He came to seek and save the lost.
a living soul. John 3:16. God gave His only begotten Son.
Genesis 3:17, 19. Adam lost life through disobe- Romans 6:23. God’s gift is eternal life.
dience.
1 Corinthians 15:22. By man came death.
Romans 6:23. The wages of sin are death.
2. RIGHTEOUS CHARACTER Christ restores a RIGHTEOUS

Genesis 1:26. Adam was created in God’s image CHARACTER
Ecclesiastes 7:29. Man was made upright. 2 Corinthians 5:17. Man becomes a new creature.
Romans 5:12. By Adam sin entered the world. 2 Corinthians 3:18. He is changed from glory to
Romans 1:28-32. Without the knowledge of God, glory.
man has a reprobate mind.
3. HOME Christ restores that HOME

Genesis 2:8, 9. God gave Adam a garden home Revelation 21:1. A new heaven and a new earth.
and a beautiful world. Isaiah 66:22. Your seed and name will remain.
Genesis 3:23, 24. Sin caused man to be driven Revelation 21:2. The holy city, New Jerusalem,
from the garden and the tree of life. descends from heaven.
Genesis 1:31. The creation was very good. Hebrews 11:10, 16. The city is built by God.
4. DOMINION Christ restores DOMINION

Genesis 1:26. God gave Adam dominion over Daniel 7:14. The dominion was given to Christ.
the whole world. Revelation 3:21. The overcomers sit with Christ
Revelation 12:7-9. Satan was cast out of heaven. in His throne.
2 Corinthians 4:3, 4. Adam yielded dominion to Matthew 25:21. The faithful will be made rulers.
Satan, who then became the god of this world. Revelation 22:3. The curse will be removed.
Genesis 3:17-19. The earth came under the curse
of sin.
Four things make up a kingdom
1. King–Jesus is spoken of as being married to three things.
2. Capital city–Jesus has gone to prepare the holy city (Revelation 21:2), His bride.
3. Subjects–His church, called His bride, is revealed as such at His coming (Ephesians 5:22-25).
4. Territory–The last thing to be redeemed is the earth. Beulah=married; the land will be married (Isaiah
62:4).

REVELATION 21–NEW HEAVEN AND EARTH–ETERNITY, cont.
When we accept Christ’s death as our own, His sacrifice as the atonement for our sins, and His authority
as the ruler of our souls, He becomes the sovereign of our lives, our King. We are justified, and we have
eternal life by His promise.
When we allow Him to be the motive and power of our lives, He sanctifies us and empowers us with His
own righteous character, and the image of God is restored in the soul. This is sanctification.
If we remain faithful to His coming, He will glorify us and takes us to the mansions He has gone to prepare.
This is glorification.
At the end of the 1,000 years, man will again be given dominion over the earth redeemed from the curse of
sin. Then the kingdom will be fully restored.
Description of the new earth
Revelation 20:10, 14, 15; 19:20. The earth will be purified by fire after the 1,000 years (millennium).
Revelation 21:1; 2 Peter 3:13; Isaiah 65:17. God will create a new heaven and a new earth.
Revelation 21:1, 2. The holy city (New Jerusalem) comes down from heaven.
Revelation 21:10-27. The beauty of the holy city as the capital of the new earth.
Hebrews 11:10, 16. Its Builder and Maker is God.
Isaiah 66:22, 23. There will be weekly worship.
Revelation. 21:3. God will dwell with men.
Revelation. 21:4. No pain, sorrow, tears, or death.
Isaiah 33:24. No sickness.
Isaiah 35. A beautiful, fruitful earth.
Isa. 65:17, 21. There will be country life, building, and planting.
Isaiah 11:6-9. The animals will be peaceful.
Philippians 3:20, 21. We will be like Jesus.
Luke 24:30, 31. We will know each other, just as the disciples knew Jesus after the resurrection.
1 Corinthians 2:9. We cannot even imagine the things God has prepared–they are too wonderful.
“... The years of eternity, as they roll, will bring richer and still more glorious revelations of God and of
Christ. As knowledge is progressive, so will love, reverence, and happiness increase. The more men learn
of God, the greater will be their admiration of His character….
“From the minutest atom to the greatest world, all things, animate and inanimate, in their unshadowed
beauty and perfect joy, declare that God is love.” –The Great Controversy, p. 678.

DANIEL 7–THE ANTICHRIST
Conditions giving rise to the four world empires
Daniel 7:1, 2. The beasts arose from a turbulent sea driven by striving winds.
Jeremiah 25:32, 33. Winds denote war.
Revelation 17:15. Sea or waters denote a heavily populated area of the earth (multitudes and nations).
Four beasts–Four world empires

Daniel 7:3, 17. The four beasts diverse from one another were four kings (kingdoms).
Daniel 7:4. The lion represented the world empire of Babylon (B.C. 606-538). The two wings denoted
rapid conquest. The man’s heart denoted weakness, wickedness, and the fact that the nation was
ready to fall.
Daniel 7:5. The cruel bear represented the world empire of Medo-Persia (B.C. 538-331).
Isaiah 13:17, 18. The prophet Isaiah prophesied this kingdom’s rise more than 100 years before it came
on the scene.
Daniel 7:6. The leopard symbolized the world empire of Greece (B.C. 331-168). The four wings denot-
ed the extremely rapid conquests made by Alexander the Great.
Daniel 7:7. The great and terrible beast represented Rome (B.C. 168-A.D. 476). The ten horns repre-
sented the same European powers as did the ten toes of the image in Daniel 2.
Daniel 7:17, 18. The four world empires would be followed by God’s kingdom. There would be no
other world empire after the fourth, Rome.
Fourth beast–pagan Rome

Daniel 7:19-23. Daniel asked about the fourth kingdom (Rome). A student of prophecy, he already
understood the first three symbols.
Daniel 7:7; Luke 2:1. Pagan Rome was the fourth world kingdom.
Daniel 7:24. The ten horns symbolized the ten divisions occurring in Rome between A.D. 351 and 476
(the rise of the ten European nations).
Daniel 7:8, 24. The “little horn” that arose after the division of pagan Rome represented papal Rome
(Roman Catholic Church).
Little horn–papal Rome

Daniel 7:8, 24. The little horn came up among the European divisions of Rome. It subdued three horns
or kings (the Heruli, Ostrogoths, and Vandals). It was different from the other horns–it was a
religio-political power, a mixture of Christianity and paganism.
Daniel 7:20. It was the leading power over the other horns.
Daniel 7:8, 20. It had eyes like the eyes of man (shrewd intelligence).
Daniel 7:8, 20, 25. It would speak great things against God. The pope of Rome claims that all the titles
which the Scriptures attribute to Christ are lawfully his to use: “God on earth,” “the supreme
Judge,” “Viceregent of Christ,” “King of kings and Lord of lords,” “He holds the keys to heaven
and hell,” etc.
Daniel 7:21, 25. It would make war on God’s people. More than 50,000,000 Christians were put to
death by this power during the Dark Ages.

DANIEL 7–THE ANTICHRIST, cont.
Daniel 7:25. It would “think to change times and laws.” In the Catholic catechism, the second Com-
mandment of God’s law is eliminated and the tenth is made into two commandments. The fourth
commandment (seventh-day Sabbath) is changed from the seventh day (Saturday) to the first
day (Sunday).
Papal Rome–ruled for 1,260 years (A.D. 538-1798)

Numbers 14:34; Ezekiel 4:6. In prophecy, one prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment.
Daniel 7:25. The saints would be persecuted by this power for “a time and times and the dividing of
time.”
This same period of time is given in six other places in the Bible and is expressed in different ways (Daniel
12:7; Revelation 11:2, 3; 12:6, 14; 13:5); it always refers to the papal power. The expressions “Time, times and
dividing of time,” “Time, times and a half a time,” “Forty two months,” and “One thousand two hundred
and three score days,” all figure out to 1,260 prophetic days, or 3½ prophetic years, with are 1,260 literal
years.
Explanation
A time equals one year, times equals two years, and half a time equals one half year.
Using 360 days to a year: One year = 360 days
Two years = 720 days
½ year = 180 days
1,260 days in prophecy = 1,260 years in fulfillment
Using 30 days/month, 42 months X 30 days per month = 1,260 days in prophecy/1,260 years in fulfillment
This period corresponds exactly with the time during which the papal power reigned supreme. A.D. 538
was the year the bishop of Rome established himself as the unchallenged leader of Christendom; and in
1798, this power was broken through the capture of the ruling Pope, Pius VI.
2 Thessalonians 2:3, 4. Paul pictured the man of sin, the antichrist, sitting in the temple of God, show-
ing himself that he is God, thus being a religious power–not merely political.
2 Thessalonians 2:7. The mystery of iniquity was already working in Paul’s day.
Thus, based on Biblical authority, the spiritual and political power which bears all the characteristics of the
prophesied antichrist, which has existed all through the years and has not changed–the papacy of Rome–is
the system of the antichrist. (“Anti” means to take the place of.)
The church–its own saviour.
The mass–its own sacrifice.
The clergy–its own priesthood.
The confessional–its own expiation and atonement.
The eucharist–its own justification.
Penance–its means of forgiveness by works.
Mary–its heavenly mediatrix.
“Satanic agencies have been moved from beneath, and they have inspired men to unite in a confederacy
of evil, that they may perplex, harass, and cause the people of God great distress. The whole world is to
be stirred with enmity against Seventh-day Adventists, because they will not yield homage to the papacy,
by honoring Sunday, the institution of this antichristian power. It is the purpose of Satan to cause them to
be blotted from the earth, in order that his supremacy of the world may not be disputed.” –Testimonies to
Ministers and Gospel Workers, p. 37.

DANIEL 8 AND 9–THE 2,300 DAYS
Time and circumstances of the vision
Daniel 8:1. The vision was given to Daniel in the third year of Belshazzar, the last year of the kingdom
of Babylon.
Daniel 8:3-14. The symbols of the vision: a ram, a rough goat, a little horn, and 2,300 days.
Daniel 8:15. Daniel sought for the vision’s meaning.
Daniel 8:16. The angel Gabriel was commissioned to make him understand it.
Daniel 8:20. The ram represented Medo-Persia.
Daniel 8:21. The goat was a symbol of Greece.
Daniel 8:5-7. The prophecy said Greece would overthrow Medo-Persia.
Daniel 8:8, 22. Then Greece would be divided into four parts.
Daniel 8:26, 27. Daniel fainted, and Gabriel deferred the explanation concerning the cleansing of the
sanctuary and the 2,300 days.
Daniel 9:1. This vision was given in the first year of the Medo-Persian kingdom.
Daniel 9:2. Daniel was studying Jeremiah’s prophecy of the 70-year captivity, thinking of the de-
stroyed sanctuary in Jerusalem (Jeremiah 25:11, 12).
Daniel 9:16-19. Daniel’s prayer concerned the 2,300-day prophecy and the sanctuary.
Beginning date
Daniel 9:22, 23. Gabriel came to give understanding concerning the vision of the sanctuary.
Daniel 9:24. He began where he had stopped in Daniel 8:26 and now explained the 2,300 days.
Daniel 9:25. The period of time was to begin with the command to rebuild Jerusalem.
Ezra 6:14. Three kings were used to complete the decree.
Ezra 1:1-4. The first decree was given by Cyrus in B.C. 536.
Ezra 6:7, 12. The second, in B.C. 519, was given by Darius the Persian.
Ezra 7:7, 21, 23. The third and final decree was given B.C.457 by Artaxerxes the Persian.
Daniel 9:25. The 2,300 days, then, began in B.C. 457, at the completion of the decree to restore and
rebuild Jerusalem.
Subdivisions and fulfillment

Daniel 9:25. Division of 70 weeks: Seven weeks, 62 weeks, and one week (7+62+1=70).
Numbers 14:34; Ezekiel 4:6. One prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment (see “Daniel 7–
The Antichrist”).
Daniel 9:25. Seven weeks plus 62 weeks (or 483 years) reached to the Messiah. Subtracting 483 from
B.C. 457, we arrive at A.D. 27, which was when the Messiah (the Anointed One) was baptized.
Luke 3:21, 22. At His baptism, Jesus was anointed (Acts 10:38) by the Holy Spirit.
Daniel 9:26, 27. In the midst of the 70th week, Messiah was to be “cut off” and to cause the sacrifice
to cease.
Daniel 9:27. He was to confirm the covenant for one week and yet be cut off in the middle of the week.

DANIEL 8 AND 9–THE 2,300 DAYS, cont.
Hebrews 2:3. The Saviour taught for the first 3½ years, and the disciples preached for the last 3½
years of the 70th week.
Luke 24:47. Their labor was confined to the Jews until the end of the 70th week in A.D. 34. Then the
gospel went to the Gentiles.
70 weeks (or 490 years) subtracted from 2,300 days (years) leaves 1,810 years. The 70 weeks ended in A.D.
34. Adding 1,810 years to 34 brings us to the autumn of 1844.
Daniel 8:14. In the autumn of 1844, at the end of the 2,300 days, the cleansing of the heavenly sanctu-
ary, or the investigative judgment, began.
“The cleansing of the sanctuary … involves a work of investigation–a work of judgment. This work must be
performed prior to the coming of Christ to redeem His people; for when He comes, His reward is with Him
to give to every man according to his works (Revelation 22:12).” –The Great Controversy, p. 422.
2,300 Days (Years)

THE BLOOD OF CHRIST
Genesis 3:15. The promise of the Redeemer.
Leviticus 17:11. Redemption from sin is by a blood sacrifice. Life is in the blood.
Hebrews 9:22. Without the shedding of blood there is no remission of sins.
Genesis 4:3-5. Abel offered a blood sacrifice, acknowledging himself to be a sinner.
Genesis 8:20; 22:13. Noah and Abraham offered blood sacrifices.
Hebrews 10:1-5. The sacrificed blood of the innocent animals typified Christ’s blood, which was to be
shed in man’s place. (See also Hebrews 9:12.)
Jesus, the Lamb of God

Isaiah 53:5-7. Brought to the slaughter as all the iniquities of the world were laid on Him (the innocent
One).
John 1:29. Takes away the sin of the world.
Revelation 13:8. Slain from the foundation of the world.
1 Peter 1:18-20. Jesus redeemed all mankind with His own precious blood.
“... The blood of Jesus Christ alone can cleanse us from the defilement of sin, and renew our hearts in His
own likeness.” –Steps to Christ, p. 29.
Revelation 12:11. Evil is overcome by the blood of the Lamb.

THE SCENE OF THE JUDGMENT
Daniel 7:9, 10. God is the presiding Judge. Angels are attendants.
1 John 2:1. Christ is man’s Advocate.
John 5:22. God commits all judgment to His Son.
Acts 17:31. God judges the world by the Man He ordained.
Three sources of testimony

1. Proverbs 15:3. God sees all.
2. Revelation 20:12. The books.
a. Revelation 13:8; Philippians 4:3; Daniel 12:1. Book of life.
b. Exodus 32:32, 33; Malachi 3:16. Book of remembrance.
c. Jeremiah 2:22; Acts 3:19-22. Record of sins.
3. Ecclesiastes 5:6; Matthew 18:10. The angels.
What the judgment considers

Revelation 22:12. Works.
Matthew 12:36, 37. Words.
1 Corinthians 4:5. Thoughts.
1 Samuel 16:7. Motives.
Ecclesiastes 12:14. Every secret thing.
James 2:10-12. The standard of judgment is God’s law (the Ten Commandments).
Ecclesiastes 12:13, 14. Our whole duty.
“The work of judgment which began in 1844, must continue until the cases of all are decided, both of the
living and the dead; hence it will extend to the close of human probation. That men may be prepared to
stand in the judgment, the message commands them to ‘fear God, and give glory to Him,’ ‘and worship
Him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.’ The result of an acceptance of
these messages is given in the words, ‘Here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of
Jesus.’ “ –The Great Controversy, p. 436.

THE SANCTUARY
Earthly sanctuary
Exodus 25:1, 2, 8; Hebrews 9:1, 9. Sacrifices and gifts centered in the sanctuary for the first time under
Moses, and they continued there until the time of Christ.
Exodus 26:33. The sanctuary had two apartments–the “holy” and the “most holy” (in addition to the
outer court where the sacrifice was slain by the sinner).
Hebrews 9:2; Exodus 40:26, 27. The first, or holy, place contained the candlestick, the table of shew-
bread, and the golden altar of incense.
Hebrews 9:6. Service in this first apartment was conducted daily by common priests and the high
priest.
Exodus 26:33. A veil divided the holy place from the most holy place.
Hebrews 9:3, 4. The most holy place contained the ark of the covenant.
Deuteronomy 10:1-6. The ark contained the Ten Commandments (two tables of the covenant).
Exodus 25:21. Above the ark, which contained God’s law, was the mercy seat.
Exodus 25:22. Above the mercy seat was God’s presence.
Hebrews 9:7. The service in this most holy place was performed only once a year–on the day of atone-
ment–by the high priest alone.
Matthew 27:50, 51. These sacrifices and services ended with the death of Christ.
Heavenly sanctuary
Exodus 25:8, 9. The earthly sanctuary had a pattern.
Hebrews 8:5. The pattern was the heavenly sanctuary.
Hebrews 8:2. The heavenly sanctuary was pitched by God.
Revelation 4:5; 8:2-4. John saw in vision the same articles in the holy place of the heavenly sanctuary
as were in the holy place of the earthly sanctuary.
Revelation 11:19. John also saw the ark of His covenant (containing the Ten Commandments) in the
most holy place of the heavenly sanctuary.
Hebrews 8:1, 2. Christ, after sacrificing Himself, became High Priest of the heavenly sanctuary in or-
der to minister in our behalf.
Cleansing of the earthly sanctuary

Leviticus 16:16. The earthly sanctuary was symbolically cleansed once a year of the sins transferred
to it.
Leviticus 16:17, 30. The high priest made atonement for the holy place and for all Israel.
Leviticus 23:27, 29. This annual day of atonement (the judgment day) was God’s last call to repen-
tance.
Matthew 27:50, 51. The services of the earthly sanctuary came to an end at the death of Christ.

THE SANCTUARY, cont.
Cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary
Hebrews 9:24. Christ entered the first apartment, the holy place, of the heavenly sanctuary when He
ascended to heaven in A.D. 31.
Daniel 8:14. In 1844, Christ, the High Priest, entered the most holy place of the heavenly sanctuary to
cleanse it. The hour of judgment began for all of God’s people, from Adam and Eve to the living
in our day, who were now to be judged. (See “Daniel 8 and 9–the 2,300 Days” for corroboration
of this date.)
“The subject of the sanctuary was the key which unlocked the mystery of the disappointment of 1844. It
opened to view a complete system of truth, connected and harmonious, showing that God’s hand had di-
rected the great Advent Movement, and revealing present duty as it brought to light the position and work
of His people.” –The Great Controversy, p. 423.

REVELATION 14 AND 18–THREE ANGELS’ MESSAGES
What is present truth?
Amos 3:7. God always warns His people and the world before He pours out His judgments.
2 Peter 2:5. God gave Noah the message of the flood which was to come upon his generation.
Jonah 1:1-4. Jonah was sent with a definite message to the great city of Nineveh.
Matthew 3:1-4. John the Baptist gave the message that the people should prepare for Christ’s first
coming.
In 1844, a people were called to give the judgment hour message and preach the nearness of Christ’s second
coming.
First angel’s message

Revelation 14:6. The message was to reach every nation, tongue, and people.
Revelation 14:7. It calls men to fear God and give Him glory. It announces the hour of God’s judgment
and calls men to worship the Creator. This message shook the world in 1844.
2 Peter 3:3-7. Men are to worship the Creator, not the creature or creation (such as man’s teachings of
evolution and pantheism).
Second angel’s message

Revelation 14:8. The second angel’s message declares the fall of Babylon (Roman Catholic Church).
Daniel 7:25. This is the same power as the little horn of Daniel 7:25.
Revelation 17:6. She is drunk with the blood of the saints.
Revelation 17:5, 18. Babylon represents the apostate church (see The Great Controversy, p. 381).
Revelation 17:5. Babylon is the mother (Roman Catholic Church). Her daughters are harlots (apostate
Protestant churches) (see The Great Controversy, p. 383).
Revelation 17:4. Both are guilty of spiritual fornication rejecting Christ, the Bridegroom, and substi-
tuting man’s teachings for divine truth (see The Great Controversy, p. 383).
Revelation 17:2. Both are guilty of unlawful connection with the nations of the world, which is the
greatest apostasy (see The Great Controversy, p. 382).
Third angel’s message

Revelation 14:9-11. The third angel’s message warns:
1. against worship of the beast of Revelation 13 (little horn of Daniel 7), the Roman Catholic
system;
2. against worship of the “image to the beast” (Protestant America as it uses civil power to en-
force the “mark of the beast”);
3. against receiving the “mark of the beast” (Sunday worship as it is enforced by civil law);
4. of God’s fearful wrath that will be poured out on those who accept the “mark of the beast.”
Revelation 15:1. God’s wrath is the seven last plagues.
Revelation 18:1-4. Before the seven last plagues are poured out, the loud cry of the third angel’s mes-
sage will be given.
Joel 2:23, 28. This is also the latter rain in its fulness.

REVELATION 14 AND 18–THREE ANGELS’ MESSAGES, cont.
Revelation 18:1-5. The loud cry repeats the second angel’s message and calls the people out of the
fallen churches.
“Of Babylon, at the time brought to view in this prophecy, it is declared: ‘Her sins have reached unto heav-
en, and God hath remembered her iniquities.’ Revelation 18:5. She has filled up the measure of her guilt,
and destruction is about to fall upon her. But God still has a people in Babylon; and before the visitation
of His judgments these faithful ones must be called out, that they partake not of her sins and ‘received not
of her plagues.’ Hence, the movement symbolized by the angel coming down from heaven, lightening the
earth with his glory and crying mightily with a strong voice, announcing the sins of Babylon. In connection
with his message the call is heard: ‘Come out of her, My people.’ These announcements, uniting with the
third angel’s message, constitute the final warning to be given to the inhabitants of the earth.” –The Great
Controversy, p. 604.
God’s true church of the last days

Revelation 14:6, 7. Proclaims the judgment worldwide. Urges the worship of the Creator over the
beast or his image.
Revelation 14:8. Delivers the message of Babylon’s fall.
Revelation 14:9, 10. Gives the warning against worshiping the beast and his image and receiving his
mark.
Revelation 14:12. Keeps the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus.
Revelation 12:17; 19:10. Believes and upholds the Spirit of prophecy.
Revelation 12:17. Remains faithful in the face of persecution.
Revelation 18:1-4. Will call God’s people out of Babylon.

REVELATION 13–THE MARK OF THE BEAST
The leopard beast of this chapter represents the same power as the little horn of Daniel 7–papal Rome, or the Ro-
man Catholic system.
The leopard beast–papal Rome

Revelation 13:1.
1. It came up out of the sea (see Revelation 17:15–it arose among many people, especially in
Europe, as did the little horn).
2. Like the “great, red dragon” (papal Rome) of Revelation 12:3, it had seven heads and ten
horns.
3. It had the name of blasphemy–contempt of God and His sacred commands.
Revelation 13:2.
1. It was like a leopard with the feet of a bear and the mouth of a lion. This symbolizes that pa-
pal Rome is a composite of the religious systems of Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and pagan
Rome.
2. The dragon (pagan Rome) gave it its “seat” or “see.”
“Long ages ago, when Rome through the neglect of the Western emperors was left to the mercy of the
barbarous hordes, the Romans turned to one figure for aid and protection, and asked him to rule over
them; and thus ... commenced the temporal sovereignty of the popes. And meekly stepping to the throne of
Caesar, the vicar of Christ took up the scepter to which the emperors and kings of Europe were to bow in
reverence through so many ages.” –American Catholic Quarterly Review, April 1911.
Revelation 13:3, 4, 7, 8. The world wondered after and worshiped the beast.
Revelation 13:5, 6. The beast spoke great things and blasphemies against God. This is identical to the
little horn of Daniel 7:25.
Revelation 13:5. It was to continue in power for 42 months (1,260 literal years; see “Daniel 7–The Anti
christ”). Again, this is a characteristic identical to the little horn of Daniel 7:25.
Revelation 13:7. It was “to make war with the saints.” This also corresponds with the little horn of
Daniel 7:25.
Revelation 13:3, 10.
1. One head was to be wounded to death. This was fulfilled in 1798, when French General
Berthier took the ruling pope, Pius VI, prisoner. The pope died in the French fortress of Va-
lence 18 months later.
2. The deadly wound was healed. In 1929, Cardinal Gasparri met Premier Mussolini in the
historic palace of Saint John Lateran to settle a long quarrel–returning temporal power to the
papacy and healing the deadly wound.
Revelation 13:17, 18. The last point is that the beast has a number, the number of a man’s name–666.
“A man” is the head of the papacy–the pope. The Douay (Catholic) Bible gives this note on Reve-
lation 13:18: “Six hundred sixty six. The numeral letters of his name shall make up this number.”

REVELATION 13–THE MARK OF THE BEAST, cont.
The leading title of the pope is “Vicar of the Son of God”–Latin, Vicarius Filii Dei. Numerical values:
V = 5 F = 0 D = 500
I = 1 I = 1 E = 0
C = 100 L = 50 I = 1
A = 0 I = 1 U & V both
R = 0 I = 1 equal V (5).
I = 1
U = 5
S = 0
112 + 53 + 501 = 666
Beast with lamb-like horns
Revelation 13:11.
1. The beast comes up out of the earth. This indicates it would arise in an area with few people
(as opposed to the “waters” of Europe where the leopard-like beast originated). It came up
silently, like a plant.
2. A young, peaceful power, it has two horns like a lamb. The two horns represent the civil and
religious liberty granted by the U.S. Constitution.
3. But the day will come when it will speak like a dragon; it will become a persecuting power.
Revelation 13:12. Protestant America will exercise worldwide power as did the Roman Catholic
Church. It will cause everyone to worship the papacy of Rome (leopard-like beast, whose dead-
ly wound was healed).
Revelation 13:13. Protestant America will make fire come down from heaven. This may represent a
counterfeit of the fire brought down for Elijah on Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18:38). False teachings,
doctrinal deceptions, and false miracles performed by spiritualistic powers constitute false fire.
Revelation 13:14.
1. America will deceive the entire world by means of miracles and wonders of spiritualism.
2. America will make an image to the beast (Roman Catholic system)–a church dominating the
state and using civil law to punish dissenters.
The mark of the beast

Revelation 13:15. Protestant America will undoubtedly alter override the U.S. Constitution so as to
speak with power, forcing religious worship upon all, under penalty of death.
Revelation 13:16. All will be forced to receive a mark in their right hand or forehead. Right hand–con-
formity to the Sunday law for social (day off) and economic reasons. Forehead–conformity to
the Sunday law for religious reasons (conviction).
Revelation 13:17. No man will be able to buy or sell unless he has the mark of the beast (the Sunday
rest day).
“Q. Have you any other way of proving that the Church has power to institute festivals of precept?
“A. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her;
she could not have substituted the observance of Sunday the first day of the week, for the observance of
Saturday the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority.” –Stephen Keenan, A Doctri-
nal Catechism, 3rd American ed., rev., p. 74.
Revelation 14:9, 10. God’s warning against accepting the papal mark (Sunday).

CHRIST OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS
Gods purpose/our need
Matthew 5:48. Perfection is the Christian’s goal.
Romans 3:10-12. No person on earth is righteous.
Romans 3:23. All have come short of God’s glory.
Isaiah 64:6. Our righteousness is as filthy rags.
Jeremiah 13:23. Can an Ethiopian change his skin or a leopard his spots? It is impossible for us to
overcome evil in our own strength.
1 Corinthians 15:22. All die in Adam.
Ephesians 2:2, 5. We were dead in sins.
What must we do?

Isaiah 1:18. The Lord asks everyone to come and reason with Him. He will make scarlet sins white.
1 John 1:8, 9. Man’s duty is to confess his sins.
What will God do?

Ezekiel 36:26. God will give the repentant sinner a new heart and a new spirit.
Romans 3:22-26. The righteousness of God is obtained by faith. Christ is the Justifier of those who
believe. One cannot justify himself.
Christian growth
Romans 8:1. Those who walk after the Spirit are not condemned.
Philippians 3:13-15. They are to forget those things which are behind and press toward the goal of
perfection in Christ.
2 Corinthians 3:18. They are changed into Christ’s image from glory to glory.
“What is justification by faith? It is the work of God in laying the glory of man in the dust, and doing for
man that which it is not in his power to do for himself.” –Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers, p. 456.
“The righteousness by which we are justified is imputed; the righteousness by which we are sanctified is
imparted. The first is our title to heaven, the second is our fitness for heaven.” –Messages to Young People,
p. 35.
“Sanctification is not the work of a moment, an hour, a day, but of a lifetime.” –The Acts of the Apostles, p.
560.
Thus, justification is the work of a moment, and sanctification is the work of a lifetime.
1 John 5:11-13. In Christ is the assurance of eternal life.
1 John 1:6, 7. When we walk in the light, the blood of Christ cleanses us.
Revelation 22:11. Every man belongs to one of two classes: The unsaved (filthy, unjust) or the saved
(righteous, holy).
“By faith you became Christ’s, and by faith you are to grow up in Him–by giving and taking. You are to give
all–your heart, your will, your service–give yourself to Him to obey all His requirements; and you must
take all–Christ, the fullness of all blessing, to abide in your heart, to be your strength, your righteousness,
your everlasting helper–to give you power to obey.” –Steps to Christ, p. 70.

CHRIST OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS, cont.
Salvation’s four sides
Past Tense–Justification
2 Timothy 1:9. Grace and salvation were given us before the world began.
Revelation 13:8. Christ was slain from the foundation of the world.
Romans 5:1. We have been justified by faith. This is justification; we are saved from the guilt and
punishment of sin.
Present Tense–Sanctification
Romans 5:10. After being reconciled (justified), we are saved by Christ’s life.
Romans 8:29. We are to be conformed to Christ’s image.
2 Corinthians 3:18. We are being transformed into Christ’s image by beholding Him. This is sanctifi-
cation–a process by which we are being saved from the power and slavery of sin.
Future Tense–Glorification
1 John 3:2. When Christ appears, we shall be like Him.
Hebrews 9:28. When He comes the second time, we will receive salvation.
1 Peter 1:3-5. Salvation will be revealed in the last time. This is glorification. At Jesus’ second com-
ing, we will be saved from the nature and presence of sin.
Ultimate Objective–Restoration
Isaiah 11 and 35. Descriptions this earth after God restores all things to their original glory.
Isaiah 65:17-25; 66:22-24. Promise and description of man’s home when it is restored.
Revelation 21:1-27; 22:1-5. Paradise will be restored. In the final restoration, there will be freedom
from the annoyance and corruption of sin.

THE LAW OF GOD–TEN COMMANDMENTS
“To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word,
it is because there is no light in them.” Isaiah 8:20.
God’s government
Jeremiah 10:6, 7. God is the King and Ruler of all nations.
Psalm 103:19. He is the Ruler of the universe.
Psalm 89:14. Justice and love are the foundation of His throne.
God’s law was evident before Sinai

Genesis 2:16, 17; 3:1, 4, 6. Eve coveted and stole the forbidden fruit.
Genesis 4:8, 9. Cain killed his brother and lied to cover his guilt.
Genesis 39:7-10. Joseph refused to commit adultery and sin against his God.
Genesis 2:1-3; Exodus 16:22-30. The Sabbath was kept.
God proclaimed the law

Exodus 19:16-19. The most spectacular event in all history was when God spoke the law from Mount
Sinai.
Deuteronomy 5:22. The largest audience ever recorded was when God spoke the Ten Command-
ments and added no more.
Exodus 12:37, 38. The audience numbered 600,000 men plus women, children, and the mixed multi-
tude.
Deuteronomy 4:12, 13. God wrote Ten Commandments.
Exodus 31:18; Deuteronomy 9:10. They consisted of two tables of testimony written with God’s own
finger.
Deuteronomy 9:11. God gave Moses the two tables of the covenant (the law).
Exodus 32:7, 15, 16, 19. The first two tables of testimony made by God were broken by Moses.
Deuteronomy 10:1-4. Moses hewed the second two tables, and for the second time God wrote the Ten
Commandments with His own finger.
Deuteronomy 10:5. The two tables were placed inside the ark of the covenant.
1 Kings 8:9. The two tables were in the ark.
Characteristics of the Ten Commandments

Exodus 20:1-17; Deuteronomy 5:6 21. The Ten Commandments listed.
Romans 7:12. The law is holy and just.
Romans 7:14. It is a spiritual law.
James 2:8. It is called the royal law.
James 1:25. It is called the perfect law of liberty.
James 2:12. Man will be judged by the law of liberty.
Psalm 111:7, 8. The law will last forever.
“The death of God’s Son on the cross shows the immutability of the law of God.” –Testimonies for the Church,
vol. 2, p. 201.

THE LAW OF GOD–TEN COMMANDMENTS, cont.
1 John 3:4. Sin is the transgression of the law.
James 1:22-25. The law is a spiritual mirror–shows what is wrong.
Man’s relationship to God’s law

James 2:10. Breaking one commandment is breaking them all.
1 John 2:4. A man is a liar if he says he knows God but does not keep His commandments.
Matthew 7:21. Not everyone who says, “Lord, Lord,” will enter the kingdom, but he who does God’s
will.
Matthew 5:17-19. Christ magnified the law. (Matthew 5:21-48 shows how He magnified the law.)
John 14:15. If we love Christ, we will keep His commandments.
John 15:10. Christ abided in the Father’s love by keeping His commandments.
Romans 3:31. Faith establishes the law.
Ecclesiastes 12:13, 14. The whole duty of man is to fear God and keep His commandments.
Romans 2:12, 13. If a man sinned without the law, he will perish without the law; if he sinned in the
law, he will be judged by the law.
Daniel 3. The three Hebrew youth obeyed God’s law.
Acts 5:29. The Christian ought to obey God rather than man.
Acts 4:18-20. “We cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard.”
Matthew 22:21. Render to Caesar his own and to God His own.
Revelation 12:17. God’s last church will keep His law under persecution.
“God’s remnant people, standing before the world as reformers, are to show that the law of God is the
foundation of all enduring reform….” –Prophets and Kings, p. 678.
“The law of love being the foundation of the government of God, the happiness of all intelligent beings
depends upon their perfect accord with its great principles of righteousness. God desires from all His crea-
tures the service of love–service that springs from an appreciation of His character. He takes no pleasure
in a forced obedience; and to all He grants freedom of will, that they may render Him voluntary service.”
–Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 34.
Exodus 20:8. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy.
“I was shown that the law of God would stand fast for ever, and exist in the new earth to all eternity The
Sabbath was instituted in Eden before the fall, and was observed by Adam and Eve, and all the heavenly
host. God rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made; and blessed and hallowed it.
I saw that the Sabbath never will be done away; but that the redeemed saints, and all the angelic host, will
observe it in honor of the great Creator to all eternity.” –Early Writings, p. 217.

LAW AND GRACE
Romans 3:23. All have sinned.
Description of the moral law

Romans 7:12, 14. It is holy, just, good, and spiritual.
James 2:8. It is the royal law.
Psalm 19:7. It is perfect.
James 1:25. James called it the perfect law of liberty.
Psalm 111:7, 8. The Ten Commandments stand fast forever.
What the law does for the sinner

Romans 3:23, 19. The law gives us, as sinners, a knowledge of sin and condemns us.
James 1:23-25. It acts as a spiritual mirror.
James 2:10-12. It judges man.
Galatians 3:24. It also acts as a schoolmaster to bring us to Christ.
What the law cannot do for the sinner

Romans 3:20. The law cannot forgive or justify the sinner.
Romans 8:7. It cannot make a carnal mind subject to the law.
What Christ does for the sinner

John 3:17, 18. Christ does not condemn the sinner, for he is already condemned.
Acts 13:38, 39. Christ forgives, or justifies, him.
Matthew 1:21. Jesus saves us from our sins.
1 Corinthians 1:30. He is our righteousness and sanctification.
Ephesians 2:8-10. Salvation is the work of grace through faith.
Romans 1:16, 17. The gospel of Christ is the power of God unto salvation.
What the law does for the sinner saved by grace

Romans 8:1-4. The righteousness of the law is fulfilled in him.
Hebrews 8:10. Written in the heart, it keeps him from sin.
Relationship of grace, faith, love, and the law

Grace–unmerited favor
Romans 6:1, 2, 15, 16. Grace does not permit continued transgression.
Ephesians 2:8-10. Grace brings salvation as a gift through faith.
Faith
Romans 3:31. Faith does not make the law void but establishes it.
1 John 5:4. Faith overcomes the world.

LAW AND GRACE, cont.
Love
Romans 13:10. Love is the fulfilling of the law.
1 John 5:3. True love keeps the commandments.
1 John 2:3, 4. He that keepeth not His commandments is a liar.
“It is our privilege to go to Jesus and be cleansed, and to stand before the law without shame or remorse.”
–Steps to Christ, p. 51.
“The law and the gospel cannot be separated. In Christ mercy and truth are met together; righteousness
and peace have kissed each other. The gospel has not ignored the obligations due to God by man. The gos-
pel is the law unfolded, nothing more nor less. It gives no more latitude to sin than does the law. The law
points to Christ; Christ points to the law. The gospel calls men to repentance. Repentance of what? Of sin.
And what is sin?-It is the transgression of the law. Therefore the gospel calls men from their transgression
back to obedience to the law of God. Jesus, in His life and death, taught the strictest obedience. He died, the
just for the unjust, the innocent for the guilty, that the honor of God’s law might be preserved, and yet man
not utterly perish.” –Bible Echo, February 8, 1897.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS

AS GIVEN BY GOD AS CHANGED BY MAN
I I
I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, I am the Lord thy God: thou shalt not have strange gods before Me.
out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before Me.
II II
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain.
thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the
water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve
them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the
fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that
hate Me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love Me, and
keep My commandments.
III III
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will Remember that thou keep holy the Sabbath day.
not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.
IV IV
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and Honour thy father and thy mother.
do all thy work: But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God:
in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy
manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is
within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea,
and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord
blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.
V V
Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the Thou shalt not kill.
land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
VI VI
Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
VII VII
Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou shalt not steal.
VIII VIII
Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
IX IX
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife.
X X
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neigh- Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s goods.
bour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his
ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s. –Convert’s Catechism of Catholic Doctrine, 1921 edition, p. 37.
Exodus 20:2-17.

THE SABBATH–SIGN OF GOD’S RIGHT TO RULE
Genesis 1:1. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth.
Genesis 2:1-3. God rested on the seventh day. He sanctified the seventh day.
Mark 2:27. The Sabbath was made for man.
Isaiah 66:22, 23. It was made for Adam and continues down through the ages and through eternity.
Exodus 20:8-11.
1. The longest of the Ten Commandments.
2. The only one that begins with the word “Remember.”
3. The only one that refers to the Creator.
4. Calls the holy day the Sabbath of the Lord thy God.
Revelation 1:10. Therefore, the Lord’s day is the Sabbath, or the seventh day.
Exodus 31:13, 17. It is the sign between God and His people forever–the sign of creation and redemp-
tion.
Isaiah 58:13, 14. The deepest blessings are promised for keeping this memorial of creation.
Hebrews 1:1, 2. Christ as the Creator made the Sabbath.
Nehemiah 9:12-14. Christ gave the law at Mount Sinai.
John 15:10. While on earth, Jesus kept the Ten Commandments.
Matthew 5:17-19. He came to fulfill, or magnify, the law, not to destroy it.
Luke 4:16. He kept the Sabbath.
Matthew 24:20. Christ indicated that the Sabbath would be sacred forty years after the cross.
Luke 23:52-56; 24:1, 2. He rested in the tomb on the Sabbath.
Daniel 7:25. God prophesied that the papal power would think to change times and laws.
“Q. Have you any other way of proving that the Church has power to institute festivals of precept?”
“A. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her;
she could not have substituted the observance of Sunday the first day of the week, for the observance of
Saturday the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority.” –Stephen Keenan, A Doctri-
nal Catechism, 3rd American edition, rev., p. 74.
Genesis 1:5; Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:2, 9; Luke 24:1; John 20:1, 19; Acts 20:7; 1 Corinthians 16:2. The
first day of the week, or Sunday, is mentioned only nine times in the Bible. It is never alluded to
as the holy rest day or Sabbath. Though the calendar has been changed several times, the week
has been maintained. See any encyclopedia for proof of this.
Matthew 11:28-30. True Sabbath observance is found in Christ.
Hebrews 4:9, 10. Rest for the soul.

CEREMONIAL OR SANCTUARY LAWS ENDED AT THE CROSS
2 Kings 21:8. There was a difference between God’s law and the law recorded by Moses.
Leviticus 1:1, 2. Ceremonial laws were spoken by Moses.
Deuteronomy 31:9, 24. They were written by Moses in a book.
Deuteronomy 31:26. They were placed in the side of the ark and were called the “book of the law.”
Malachi 4:4; Acts 15:5. They were also called the law of Moses.
Colossians 2:14-17. They pointed to the sacrifice of Christ.
Hebrews 10:1. They were a shadow (replica or pattern) of good things to come.
Ephesians 2:15. Christ abolished them.
Colossians 2:14. He nailed them to the cross.
Hebrews 9:8-10. The ceremonial laws concerned material things–meat, drink, and washings.
Galatians 5:2-6. If we keep these sanctuary laws now, it shows that we lack faith in Jesus as the Sav-
iour.
The seven ceremonial sabbaths (Leviticus 23)

1. Fifteenth day of Abib (first unleavened bread sabbath) (Leviticus 23:6, 7; Exodus 12:18).
2. Twenty-first day of Abib (second unleavened bread sabbath) (Leviticus 23:8).
3. Sixth day of the third month (Pentecost) (Leviticus 23:15, 16, 21, 24).
4. First day of the seventh month (feast of trumpets) (Leviticus 23:24, 25).
5. Tenth day of the seventh month (day of atonement) (Leviticus 23:27-36).
6. Fifteenth day of the seventh month (feast of tabernacles) (Leviticus 23:34, 35).
7. Twenty-second day of the seventh month (last ceremonial sabbath of the year) (Leviticus
23:36).
These were annual sabbaths, coming only once a year. As they always came on the same day of the month,
they would fall only occasionally on the seventh day of the week. They were observed in addition to the
“Sabbath of the Lord” (Leviticus 23:3).
Colossians 2:16. They concerned material things–meat, drink, and washings.
Colossians 2:17. They were a shadow of things to come.
Colossians 2:14. They were nailed to the cross.
“After Christ died on the cross as a sin offering, the ceremonial law could have no force. Yet it was connect-
ed with the moral law and was glorious. The whole bore the stamp of divinity, and expressed the holiness,
justice, and righteousness of God. And if the ministration of the dispensation to be done away was glorious,
how much more must the reality be glorious, when Christ was revealed, giving His life giving, sanctifying
Spirit to all who believe?” –Selected Messages, book 1, p. 238.

PRAYER
“… Prayer is the key in the hand of faith to unlock heaven’s storehouse.” –Steps to Christ, p. 94.
What is prayer?
Psalm 31:9. A cry for mercy and help.
Psalm 46:1. A call for strength and refuge during trouble.
Luke 11:2. The opening of the heart to our trusted Father in heaven.
Hebrews 4:15, 16. Coming to Jesus, our Saviour and High Priest, who understands us.
John 15:15. Communing with Jesus, the Friend who never fails.
What does it accomplish?

Hebrews 11:6. God rewards us when we come to Him in faith.
Matthew 21:22. Whatever things are asked for will be received.
Daniel 9:21-23. Some prayers are answered immediately.
Luke 18:1-8. Other prayers are answered after a delay. Do not faint or give up.
Romans 8:26, 27. The Holy Spirit intercedes; God answers in the best way–not always as we would
have it, as in Paul’s case (2 Corinthians 12:7 9), and as in Christ’s plea of agony (Matthew 26:38,
39).
How should we pray?

John 14:13; 15:16. In Jesus’ name, all heaven will open to such prayer.
James 1:5 8. In faith, not wavering.
Philippians 4:6. With thanksgiving.
Habakkuk 2:1, 2. Listen as well as talk.
Mark 1:35; Matthew 14:23. Alone.
Matthew 18:19, 20. As a family, group, or church.
Luke 22:40, 41. Christ knelt down and prayed.
(See also Psalm 95:6; Daniel 6:10; Acts 20:36.)
What is necessary for answered prayer?

Proverbs 28:9. We must not turn away from the law.
Psalm 66:18. If we regard iniquity in our hearts, God will not hear us.
Proverbs 28:13. We must confess and forsake our sins.
Matthew 6:14, 15. We are to forgive and pray for others.
Matthew 5:44. We should pray for our enemies and persecutors.
Job 42:10. Job’s captivity was turned when he prayed for his inadequate friends.
James 5:16. We must confess our faults to each other and pray for one another.
1 Peter 4:7; Luke 21:34-36. We are admonished to pray especially in the last days of deception and
peril.

CONVERSION
Why is conversion necessary?
Genesis 1:26, 31. Man was created perfect, innocent, in God’s image.
Genesis 3:8. Adam transgressed and hid from God.
Romans 8:7. Man is still transgressing and hiding from God.
Jeremiah 17:9. Man’s heart is deceitfully wicked.
Jeremiah 13:23. Man cannot do good when he is so accustomed to evil.
1 Corinthians 2:14. The things of God are foolish to the natural man.
John 3:3. He must be born again.
John 3:7, 8. He must be born of the Spirit–a change must take place.
How is conversion attained?

Romans 8:24. We are saved by hope (we are saved by grace, through faith, hope, etc. See Ephesians 2).
This hope is centered in Jesus as:
John 3:16. The Son of God.
John 1:29. The Lamb of God slain for the sins of the world.
Matthew 1:21. The Saviour.
1 Timothy 2:5. The only Mediator.
John 14:6. He is the only way.
Acts 2:37. What shall we do?
Acts 2:38; 3:19. Repent and be converted.
Psalm 51:10. Seek for clean heart, right spirit.
Fruits of conversion
Galatians 5:22, 23. Fruit of the Spirit.
2 Corinthians 5:17. Man becomes a new creature.
John 14:15. Obedience to God’s law.
John 15:10. Keeping the law of love.
1 John 2:3-6. No longer a liar; knows God and His law.
2 Peter 3:18. Growth in grace and knowledge
2 Corinthians 3:18. Changed into His image from glory to glory.
“Who has the heart? With whom are our thoughts? Of whom do we love to converse? Who has our warmest
affections and our best energies? If we are Christ’s, our thoughts are with Him, and our sweetest thoughts
are of Him. All we have and are is consecrated to Him. We long to bear His image, breathe His spirit, do
His will, and please Him in all things.” –Steps to Christ, p. 58.

BAPTISM
“If the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, wouldest thou not have done it?
how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, and be clean?” 2 Kings 5:13.
Ephesians 4:5. There is only one baptism.
Matthew 3:13-15. Christ was an example in baptism.
Matthew 28:19, 20. Christ commissioned His disciples to baptize.
John 3:5, 23. God’s plan is for baptism by water.
Immersion
Matthew 3:13. Jesus was baptized in the Jordan River.
Acts 8:36-39. Philip and the eunuch went down into the water for baptism.
Romans 6:3-6. It is significant that the method of immersion places a person in the position of burial.
Acts 22:16. Immersion indicates the washing away of sin.
Significance of baptism
Romans 6:4. Baptism is the memorial of Christ’s death and burial of the “old man” of sin. Thus man
becomes alive to God.
Romans 6:5. It is a pledge of the resurrection to come.
What must precede baptism?

Matthew 28:19, 20. The candidate must be carefully taught.
Mark 16:16. He must believe.
Acts 2:38. The candidate must feel repentance.
Romans 6:3, 4. He also must be willing to die to sin and live for Christ.
These four steps (Matthew 28:19, 20; Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38; Romans 6:3, 4) show that infant baptism is not
Biblical. We may, however, dedicate our children to God.
John 10:7, 9. Christ is the door into the church.
“The ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are two monumental pillars, one without and one with-
in the church. Upon these ordinances Christ has inscribed the name of the true God.” –Testimonies for the
Church, vol. 6, p. 91.
1 Corinthians 12:13. We are baptized into one body.
Ephesians 4:15, 16. Christ is the head of the body.
Matthew 28:19. Baptism is performed in the name of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy
Spirit.
Acts 19:1-5. Re-baptism is advisable in certain cases.

THE LORD’S SUPPER (COMMUNION)
(NOTE: In presenting this study, give the second section–Communion–first.)
Ordinance of humility precedes communion

John 13:1-4. Jesus instituted this ordinance after the Passover, at the last supper.
John 13:5. Jesus washed the disciples’ feet.
John 13:6-9. Peter grasped the lesson.
John 13:12-15. The ordinance of the feet washing teaches the lesson of serving by love.
John 13:16. The servant is not greater than His Lord.
John 13:17. Happiness follows service to one another.
“This ordinance is Christ’s appointed preparation for the sacramental service.
“There is in man a disposition to esteem himself more highly than his brother, to work for self, to seek the
highest place; and often this results in evil surmising and bitterness of spirit. The ordinance preceding the
Lord’s Supper is to clear away these misunderstandings, to bring man out of his selfishness, down from his
stilts of self-exaltation, to the humility of heart that will lead him to serve his brother.” –The Desire of Ages,
p. 650.
Communion
1 Corinthians 11:23-26. This do (1) in remembrance of Him; (2) to show our Lord’s death “till He
come”; (3) to represent the body “broken for you”; (4) to symbolize, through the wine, the blood
Jesus shed for man.
1 Corinthians 11:26. The Lord’s supper foreshadows Christ’s return.
Revelation 1:7. He will come in the clouds, and every eye will see Him.
1 Corinthians 11:27-30. Self-examination is necessary before partaking of the communion; sins are to
be confessed.
Unleavened bread and unfermented wine (grape juice) are used in the ceremony (The Desire of Ages, p. 653).
“The ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are two monumental pillars, one without and one with-
in the church. Upon these ordinances Christ has inscribed the name of the true God.” –Testimonies for the
Church, vol. 6, p. 91.
“I was pointed back to the time that Jesus took his disciples away alone, into an upper room, and first
washed their feet, and then gave them to eat of the broken bread, to represent his broken body, and juice of
the vine to represent his spilled blood. I saw that all should move understandingly, and follow the example
of Jesus in these things, and when attending to these ordinances, should be as separate from unbelievers as
possible.” –Review and Herald, November 1, 1850.
Matthew 26:30. After the Lord’s Supper, they sang a hymn and went out.

TITHES AND OFFERINGS
God claims all creation
Psalm 24:1. He owns the earth.
Psalm 50:10, 11. The livestock are His.
Haggai 2:8. He owns the silver and gold.
Psalm 79:13. He owns us.
By what authority?
Genesis 1:1. God created all things–heaven and earth.
Exodus 20:11. He made everything.
Psalm 100:3. He made man.
God maintains all things

Hebrews 1:3. God upholds all things.
Acts 17:28. In Him we live and move.
1 Peter 1:18, 19. Christ also paid the price to redeem us.
Deuteronomy 8:18. He gives us power to obtain wealth.
Man’s relationship to God’s possessions
Luke 12:42; 1 Corinthians 4:1. Man is a steward.
1 Corinthians 4:2. He must be a faithful steward.
Matthew 25:19. There is a day of reckoning.
Psalm 116:12. What shall I render to God for His benefits?
Matthew 6:33. Seek first the kingdom of God.
Proverbs 3:9. We are to honor the Lord with our substance and the first fruits of our increase.
God’s earthly storehouse
Malachi 3:10. God asks for all the tithes and promises showers of blessings.
Psalm 96:8. He also asks for offerings.
Genesis 14:18-20. Abraham paid tithe.
“The tithing system reaches back beyond the days of Moses. Men were required to offer to God gifts for
religious purposes before the definite system was given to Moses, even as far back as the days of Adam.
This was continued through successive generations, and was carried out by Abraham, who gave tithes to
Melchizedek, the priest of the most high God.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 3, p. 393.
Genesis 28:20-22. Jacob promised God the tithe, or 10 percent.
Numbers 18:21. Tithing, or giving the tenth, is God’s ordained plan for His service–support of those
who minister or workers who serve the word of God.
1 Corinthians 9:11-14. Those who preach the gospel should live of the gospel.
Hebrews 7:8. The tithe is counted as if paid to Christ. It is holy money.
Numbers 18:28. Ministers and workers also pay the tithe.
Proverbs 3:9. Man is to honor the Lord with his first fruits.
Leviticus 27:30-33. All the tithe is the Lord’s.

TITHE AND OFFERINGS, cont.
Rich or poor, man is to honor God first
Matthew 23:23. Jesus approved tithe on the smallest income.
Psalm 96:8. Offerings have no specified amount; they are given for the upkeep of the church, for lit-
erature, for the poor, etc.
2 Corinthians 8:12. Offerings are to be given according to what a man has.
1 Corinthians 16:2. The offerings are based upon how God has prospered a person.
Malachi 3:8, 9. A curse is pronounced upon those who withhold tithe and offerings; they are called
robbers.
Matthew 25:30. If we are unfaithful servants, we shall be cast out.
Great blessings are pronounced

Malachi 3:10, 11. The windows of heaven will open in blessing.
Acts 20:35. It is more blessed to give than to receive.
Luke 6:38. Give in the same measure as blessings have been given.
2 Corinthians 9:6, 7. God loves a cheerful giver.
Matthew 25:21. We will enter into the joy of the Lord at His second coming.
“Should all who claim to be sons and daughters of God, conscientiously meet their obligation to God and
their fellow men in tithes and offerings, an abundance would flow into the treasury to sustain the work of
God. As they should impart, the Lord would open ways whereby they would be able continually to bestow,
because they were continually receiving.” –Counsels on Sabbath School Work, pp. 137, 138.

THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY
Channel of God’s messages
Amos 3:7. God does nothing without revealing it to His prophets.
Hebrews 1:1. He spoke to the fathers by the prophets.
1 Samuel 9:9. God’s messengers were originally known as seers.
Revelation 1:1, 2. The message comes from God and is given to Jesus Christ; then Christ gives it to His
angel; from the angel it is given to the man of God, who gives the message to the people.
Daniel 8:16; 10:21. Gabriel is Christ’s angel and the angel of prophecy.
Revelation 22:8, 9. Gabriel is a fellow servant.
Luke 1:18, 19. He stands in God’s presence.
2 Peter 1:21. Men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.
2 Samuel 23:1, 2. The Spirit of the Lord spoke by David.
Numbers 12:6. God speaks in open visions, dreams, and night visions.
Outstanding prophets of the Old Testament:

Exodus 3:1. Moses, a shepherd.
Acts 2:25, 30. David, a king.
Daniel 2:48; 6:2, 3. Daniel, prime minister of Babylon and Persia.
Outstanding prophetesses in the Old Testament:

Exodus 15:20. Miriam, Moses’ sister.
Judges 4:4. Deborah.
2 Kings 22:14. Huldah.
Prophets in the Christian church

1 Corinthians 12:28. God has set prophets in the church.
Ephesians 4:11-13. God gave prophets as one of the gifts to unify and perfect the believers in the
knowledge of Christ.
Acts 13:1. Certain prophets were in the church at Antioch.
Acts 15:32. The prophets exhorted and confirmed the brethren.
Acts 11:27, 28. A prophet predicted a great dearth in the world in early Christian history.
Acts 21:10. Agabus the prophet predicted Paul’s imprisonment.
Outstanding prophets of the New Testament:

Acts 7:37. Jesus Christ the Lord.
Matthew 11:9-11. John the Baptist.
Revelation 1:1, 9. John the Revelator.
Prophetesses in the New Testament:

Luke 2:36. Anna.
Acts 21:9. The four daughters of Philip the evangelist.

THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY, cont.
1 Corinthians 14:22. The Spirit of prophecy is for believers in Christ.
Lamentations 2:9. When the people are in bad spiritual condition, the law is no more and the proph-
ets find no vision.
Proverbs 29:18. Where there is no vision, the people perish.
Revelation 12:17. Christ’s church in the last days is distinguished by keeping the law and having the
testimony of Jesus.
Revelation 19:10. The testimony of Jesus is the Spirit of prophecy.
Characteristics of a true prophet

Isaiah 8:20. He must speak according to the law and the testimony.
Jeremiah 1:4-9. God’s words are in his mouth.
2 Corinthians 10:17, 18. He will glory in the Lord, not in himself.
Ezekiel 3:17-19. He reproves the people for their sins (Isaiah 58:1).
Colossians 1:27. He stresses Christ in you, the hope of glory.
Matthew 7:15-18. Fruits will reveal the prophet’s work and goodness.
Deuteronomy 13:1-3. He must not follow after other gods and teachings.
Deuteronomy 18:21, 22. If a prophet’s predictions are not 100 percent true, we can ignore him.
Jeremiah 28:9. If the prophecy comes to pass, his words are true.
Numbers 16:28-32. Moses’ specific prophecy came true.
Matthew 24:24. We are warned that there will be many false prophets in the last days.
1 Thessalonians 5:20, 21. Prove all things, hold fast what is good.
2 Chronicles 20:20. Believe in God’s prophets and prosper.
Daniel 10:8-11, 18. While in vision, the prophet of God has no strength or breath in his body; he is
supernaturally strengthened.
Daniel 10:15-17. He is dumb until his lips are touched by an angel; then he speaks without breath.
Numbers 24:16. His eyes remain open while in vision.
2 Corinthians 12:2-4. He is unconscious of his surroundings.
Ellen G. White as the prophetess for today

She fulfilled the characteristics of a true prophet:
1. Her writings (50 books in print today; about 45,000 pages written in all for books and period-
icals) harmonize with the Bible and the prophets who preceded her.
2. She spoke God’s messages, not her own. She said, “The whys and wherefores of this I know
not, but I give you instruction as it is given me.” –Counsels on Diet and Foods, p. 344.
3. She lived a godly life.
4. She gave many testimonies reproving the sins of the people she worked with and for.
5. Much of what she predicted has already come to pass (World Wars I and II, unity of the
churches, events in the Seventh-day Adventist Church). And most of her counsel concerning
health has been corroborated by scientists (dangers of flesh meat, causes of cancer, electrical
current in the body, importance of hygiene, and the danger of hypnosis).

THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY, cont.
6. She stressed Christ.
7. She gave God the glory, never herself.
8. All of the physical characteristics described in the Scriptures as occurring when the prophets
were in vision were present during Sister White’s visions.
9. Since she had little formal education (not going beyond the third grade because of a nearly
fatal accident), the great knowledge she conveyed concerning prophecy, religion, medical sci-
ence, ecology, hygiene, diet, and psychology, much of which science is confirming only today,
could not have come from her but had to be messages from God.
Ellen G. White predicted:

1. The unity of Protestants, Catholics, and spiritualists to trample upon the rights of conscience.
2. The destruction of large, wicked cities.
3. The fulfillment of all Biblical prophecies, giving additional details.
“God has been pleased to communicate His truth to the world by human agencies, and He Himself, by His
Holy Spirit, qualified men and enabled them to do His work. He guided the mind in the selection of what to
speak and what to write. The treasure was entrusted to earthen vessels, yet it is, none the less, from Heaven.
The testimony is conveyed through the imperfect expression of human language, yet it is the testimony of
God; and the obedient, believing child of God beholds in it the glory of a divine power, full of grace and
truth.” –Selected Messages, book 1, p. 26.
Summary of characteristics of a true prophet

1. A true prophet does not lie. His predictions will be fulfilled. Jeremiah 28:9.
2. A true prophet prophesies in the name of the Lord, not in his own name. 2 Peter 1:21.
3. A true prophet does not give his own private interpretation of prophecy. 2 Peter 1:20.
4. A true prophet points out the sins and transgression of the people. Isaiah 58:1.
5. A true prophet warns people of God’s coming judgments. Isaiah 24:20, 21; Revelation 14:6, 7.
6. A true prophet edifies and counsels the church in religious matters. 1 Corinthians 14:3, 4.
7. A true prophet’s words will be in absolute harmony with the words of the prophets that have
preceded him. Isaiah 8:20.
8. He recognizes the incarnation of Jesus Christ. 1 John 4:1-3.
9. He can be recognized by the results of his work. Matthew 7:16-20.
10. A true prophet acts in accordance with the revealed will of God. Deuteronomy 18:9-12.

DIVINE HEALING
Sickness, disease, suffering, and death are sin’s curse
3 John 2. Christ desires us to enjoy good health in this life.
Psalm 103:3. He forgives all our iniquities and heals all our diseases.
Acts 3:1-8. At times He heals supernaturally.
Matthew 8:14, 15. He healed Peter’s mother in law.
2 Corinthians 12:7-9. Paul was not healed. Therefore, sickness is not a sign of weak faith or experience.
2 Kings 20:7. The healing processes of nature are given by God.
Colossians 4:14. He uses God-fearing men as physicians.
Miracles are not a true test of religion

John 10:41. The great John the Baptist did no miracle.
Luke 13:16. Satan bound a woman 18 years; he probably could have loosed her.
Matthew 24:24. Jesus warns against miracle workers.
Isaiah 8:20. God’s word is the true test.
After doing all we can for the sick, we are to:

James 5:14-16. Call the elders to pray and anoint the sick one.
Matthew 26:42. Submit to God’s will.

HEALTHFUL LIVING
Why we should obey the laws of health
1 Corinthians 6:19, 20. We owe it to God, who created and redeemed us.
Romans 14:7. We owe it to our families and society; no one lives to himself.
3 John 2. We owe it to ourselves for happiness.
1 Corinthians 3:16, 17. God will destroy any man who defiles his body; actually such a man destroys
himself.
Romans 12:1. Our bodies are to be dedicated to God.
Eight essentials for good health
1. Fresh air 5. Exercise
2. Sunlight 6. Physical rest
3. Nourishing food 7. Peace of mind, trust in God
4. Pure water 8. Obedience to physical laws
1 Timothy 6:6-8. Godliness with contentment is great gain.
Philippians 4:11-13. We can do all things through Christ, who strengthens us.
Temperance–right arm of the gospel
1 Corinthians 9:25-27. The body is to be brought under subjection (controlled).
1 Corinthians 10:31. All, whether eating or drinking, should be done to God’s glory.
Genesis 1:29; 3:18. Original diet: God gave Adam fruits, nuts, grains, and vegetables to eat.
Genesis 9:3-5. After the flood, Noah was permitted to eat flesh. However, God showed His displea-
sure at such killing (Numbers 11:1-23, 31-34).
Genesis 7:2. There was a clear distinction between clean meats (could be eaten) and unclean meats
(were not to be eaten).
Today it is not good to eat flesh at all. There is much disease and pollution in animal flesh. Adequate nour-
ishment from the original plant is obtainable and even superior to man. Man’s digestive tract is not made to
digest flesh. The world is becoming aware of this and the wastefulness of meat production and is turning
to other sources of protein.
Isaiah 65:25. In God’s kingdom there will be no hurt or destruction.
Moderation in that which is good
Philippians 4:5. Let your moderation be known to all men.
“When men and women are truly converted, they will conscientiously regard the laws of life that God has
established in their being, thus seeking to avoid physical, mental, and moral feebleness. Obedience to these
laws must be made a matter of personal duty. We ourselves must suffer the ills of violated law. We must
answer to God for our habits and practices. Therefore, the question for us is not, ‘What will the world say?’
but ‘How shall I, claiming to be a Christian, treat the habitation God has given me? Shall I work for my
highest temporal and spiritual good by keeping my body as a temple for the indwelling of the Holy Spirit,
or shall I sacrifice myself to the world’s ideas and practices?’ “ –Counsels on Diet and Foods, p. 19.
Abstinence from that which is harmful
We should abstain from and find healthful substitutes for foods and drinks which are injurious to the body.
Some examples of injurious drinks: Alcoholic beverages, tea, coffee, and most soft drinks. As a general
rule, it is best to keep the diet as close as possible to nature. Thus refined, overly processed foods are to be
avoided, and natural, whole foods are to be preferred.

HEALTHFUL LIVING, cont.
Natural healing–natural living is God’s preventive medicine
Living according to the laws of nature and obtaining the eight essentials of good health listed above will
prevent a vast amount of illness. When these laws are violated or when illness overtakes us, we should rely
primarily on the natural remedies God has provided–water for internal and external cleanliness, rest for
regaining strength and for giving the body resistance, herbal teas, a light diet, fresh air, exercise, and other
natural means.
Dress–modesty and propriety are the rules of humility and love

1 Corinthians 10:31. Whatever is done includes how we dress. This principle applies to both men and
women. At all times our apparel should be healthful and an honor to God.
Deuteronomy 22:5. Women should not wear men’s clothing, nor should men wear women’s clothing.
1 Timothy 2:9, 10. Modesty will guide our choice of apparel. Articles of clothing to be avoided in-
clude: dresses which do not cover the knees while standing or sitting and also the other extreme,
those that trail on the floor, low necklines, low backs, sleeveless clothing, transparent materials,
tight apparel, and unhealthful and ill-fitting footwear. Following fashion is a fruitless endeavor.
1 Peter 3:3, 4. Simplicity and godliness are beautiful in God’s sight. Thus, the Christian will avoid
jewelry and loud, showy apparel.
Luke 12:27. The flowers are a good example of the beauty God loves.
1 Corinthians 11:14, 15. The Lord intends there to be a clear distinction between men and women.
“Daughters of the heavenly King, members of the royal family, will feel a burden of responsibility to attain
to a higher life, that they may be brought into close connection with heaven and work in unison with the
Redeemer of the world. Those who are engaged in this work will not be satisfied with the fashions and fol-
lies which absorb the mind and affections of women in these last days. If they are indeed the daughters of
God, they will be partakers of the divine nature. They will be stirred with deepest pity, as was their divine
Redeemer, as they see the corrupting influences in society. They will be in sympathy with Christ, and in
their sphere, as they have ability and opportunity, will work to save perishing souls as Christ worked in His
exalted sphere for the benefit of man.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 3, p. 484.

RESPONSIBILITY TO THE GOVERNMENT
Romans 13:1-4. All government is ordained of God.
Our duty to pay taxes and honor authority

Matthew 22:21. Render to Caesar his own and to God His own.
Romans 13:5-7. For conscience’ sake, we are to pay taxes and honor the state authorities.
Titus 3:1-3. Be subject to principalities and powers.
1 Peter 2:13, 17. Submit to every ordinance of man, and honor the king.
When not to obey

Acts 5:29. We ought to obey God rather than man.
Daniel 3:17, 18. Obedience to God overruled the forced worship of Nebuchadnezzar’s image. As
Christ’s followers, we cannot take part in any political activity, war, rebellion, the shedding of
blood nor work in munitions, missile or bomber factories, or any occupation in support of the
military effort.
“We have men placed over us for rulers, and laws to govern the people. Were it not for these laws, the
condition of the world would be worse than it is now. Some of these laws are good, others are bad. The bad
have been increasing, and we are yet to be brought into strait places. But God will sustain His people in
being firm and living up to the principles of His word. When the laws of men conflict with the word and
law of God, we are to obey the latter, whatever the consequences may be.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol.
1, pp. 201, 202.
CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP
Matthew 24:14. The gospel is universal–to be preached to all nations.
When baptized, all become one in Christ

Colossians 3:10, 11. Christ is all and in all.
1 Corinthians 12:13. All are made to drink of one Spirit.
Galatians 3:27, 28. There is neither male nor female; all are one in Christ Jesus.
Hebrews 11:10, 13-16. Christians look for a city which has foundations and confess that they are
strangers and pilgrims here on earth.
Colossians 1:12, 13. We have been made citizens of Christ’s kingdom.
The Christian’s attitude toward the nations

Daniel 7:1 7. God looks on this world’s kingdoms as vicious beasts.
Daniel 3:14-18. Rulers’ actions against Christians are contrary to actions of Christ.
2 Corinthians 4:3, 4. Satan is called the god of this world.
John 12:31, 32. He is also called the prince of this world.
John 18:36. Christ’s kingdom is not of this present world. We are not to participate in destruction.
Matthew 26:51-53; Luke 22:50, 51. Christ healed His enemy.
Matthew 5:43-48. We are to love our enemies.

CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP, cont.
Matthew 10:16. We can live up to such a high profession only by being wise as serpents and harmless
as doves.
The Christian’s attitude toward war

Mark 12:17. Render to Caesar what belongs to him.
Exodus 20:13. “Thou shalt not kill.”
Matthew 5:44. “Love your enemies.”
Luke 3:14. “Do violence to no man.”
Revelation 13:10. He who kills with the sword will be killed by the sword.
2 Peter 3:13, 14. God’s people must be found in peace at Christ’s second coming, not in strife, revolu-
tions, the military, or the war of Armageddon.
“God had promised His people that if they would obey His voice He would go before them and fight for
them; and He would also send hornets to drive out the inhabitants of the land.” –Patriarchs and Prophets, p.
436.
A theocracy is a government which derives its power immediately from God. The government of Israel was
a true theocracy–government by God.
“Since the kingdom of Israel passed away, God has never delegated authority to any man or body of men to
execute His laws as such. ‘Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.’ Romans 12:19. Civil governments
have to do with the relations of man with man; but they have nothing whatever to do with the duties that
grow out of man’s relation to God.
“Except the kingdom of Israel, no government has ever existed on the earth, in which God by inspired
men directed the affairs of State. Whenever men have endeavored to form such a government as that of
Israel, they have, of necessity, taken it upon themselves to interpret and enforce the law of God. They have
assumed the right to control the conscience, and thus have usurped the prerogatives of God.” –Patriarchs
and Prophets, pp. 763, 764.
“Satan delights in war, for it excites the worst passions of the soul and then sweeps into eternity its victims
steeped in vice and blood. It is his object to incite the nations to war against one another, for he can thus
divert the minds of the people from the work of preparation to stand in the day of God.” –The Great Con-
troversy, p. 589.
“I was shown that God’s people who are His peculiar treasure, cannot engage in this perplexing war, for
it is opposed to every principle of their faith. In the army they cannot obey the truth and at the same time
obey the requirements of their officers. There would be a continual violation of conscience. Worldly men
are governed by worldly policy and public opinion comprise the principle of action that governs them and
leads them to practice the form of right doing. But God’s people cannot be governed by these motives.” –
Testimonies for the Church, vol. 1, p. 361.
“There is a prospect before us of a continued struggle, at the risk of imprisonment, loss of property, and
even of life itself, to defend the law of God, which is made void by the laws of men. In this situation worldly
policy will urge an outward compliance with the laws of the land, for the sake of peace and harmony. And
there are some who will even urge such a course from the Scripture: ‘Let every soul be subject unto the
higher powers. The powers that be are ordained of God.’ “ –Testimonies for the Church, vol, 5, p. 712.
The worldwide stand of the International Missionary Society of Seventh-day Adventists, Reform Move-
ment, is total conscientious objection outside of the armed services. In the United States, they are classified
as I-O.
United States Selective Service Classifications:
I-A: Registrant available for active military service.
I-A-O: Conscientious objector who will do noncombatant duty in the military service.
I-O: Conscientious objector who will not perform any duty in the military service but who will serve in civilian, hu-
manitarian work which contributes to the national interest.

SABBATH OBSERVANCE
Genesis 1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31; Leviticus 23:32; Mark 1:21, 32. God’s days begin with the evening. There-
fore, the Sabbath is observed, or kept holy, from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday.
Isaiah 58:12-14. We are to repair the breach made in God’s law by upholding His Sabbath. We are to
reform in Sabbathkeeping. Great divine promises are ours as we delight in the Sabbath.
Guidelines for observance

DURING THE WEEK:
1. The Sabbath should be remembered when planning the entire week.
2. Clothing should be repaired and readied for the Sabbath; the clothing should be neat, clean,
and trim. Our dress for Sabbath should speak of the sacredness of the day. We should have
special clothing for that day.
3. The home cleaned. Things such as books, magazines, and everyday work items should be put
away for the day.
“All through the week keep the Lord’s holy Sabbath in view, for that day is to be devoted to the service of
God. It is a day when the hands are to rest from worldly employment, when the soul’s needs are to receive
especial attention.” –Child Guidance, p. 527.
ON FRIDAY (PREPARATION DAY) (Luke 23:50-56):

1. Cooking for the Sabbath is to be done. (This is in harmony with the provisions made by God
for the manna; see Exodus 16:22-26.)
2. Shoes should be readied.
3. Baths should be taken.
Whatever can be done before the Sabbath should be done, and whatever can be left undone must not bur-
den us.
“When the Sabbath commences, we should place a guard upon ourselves, upon our acts and our words,
lest we rob God by appropriating to our own use that time which is strictly the Lord’s. We should not do
ourselves, nor suffer our children to do, any manner of our own work for a livelihood or anything which
could have been done on the six working days. Friday is the day of preparation. Time can then be devot-
ed to making the necessary preparation for the Sabbath and to thinking and conversing about it.” –Child
Guidance, p. 529.
BEFORE THE SUN SETS:

1. All differences between family members and church members are to be resolved and set
aside, for the day is a holy convocation (Matthew 16:14, 15; Ephesians 4:26; Leviticus 23:3).
2. All secular work, business, and schooling is to be set aside (Isaiah 58:13; Nehemiah 13:19-21).
The actions of Christ’s followers in the New Testament (Luke 23:56) confirm that this is God’s
will.
3. All secular reading, studies, and music is to be put away (Isaiah 58:13).
4. The family assembles to sing, pray, and read God’s sacred word.
DURING SABBATH:
1. Attend services for worship with other believers (Luke 4:16; Hebrews 10:25).
2. Take children outdoors to view God’s handiwork in nature (Acts 16:13).
3. Deeds of mercy are in harmony with the Sabbath (Matthew 12:12; Luke 13:14-16).

SABBATH OBSERVANCE, cont.
“The necessities of life must be attended to, the sick must be cared for, the wants of the needy must be sup-
plied. He will not be held guiltless who neglects to relieve suffering on the Sabbath. God’s holy rest day was
made for man, and acts of mercy are in perfect harmony with its intent. God does not desire His creatures
to suffer an hour’s pain that may be relieved upon the Sabbath or any other day.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 207.
4. Unnecessary travel should be avoided.
“If we desire the blessing promised to the obedient, we must observe the Sabbath more strictly. I fear that
we often travel on this day when it might be avoided. In harmony with the light which the Lord has given
in regard to the observance of the Sabbath, we should be more careful about traveling on the boats or cars
on this day.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 6, pp. 359, 360.
5. The Sabbath should be closed at sunset Saturday. Again, prayer, hymns, and the reading of
God’s word are the elements of worship.

CHURCH ORDER
Submission to officers and church order
Hebrews 13:7, 17. Remember to obey and submit to church leaders.
1 Thessalonians 5:12, 13. Esteem leaders.
As long as leaders remain true to the principles of faith and act according to the word of God, we are to
follow their counsel.
Dealing with deliberate sin

1 Corinthians 5:11-13. Open sin must not be tolerated.
Matthew 18:15-18. Procedure for dealing with open sin.
Titus 3:10, 11. If the person refuses the first and second admonition, reject him.
Only the church can confirm acceptance into church fellowship or disfellowshipment from the church.
General counsel
Hebrews 10:25. Assemble together, and uphold each other.
2 Corinthians 13:12. After long absence, greet brethren with the holy kiss.
“The holy salutation mentioned in the gospel of Jesus Christ by the apostle Paul should ever be considered
in its true character. It is a holy kiss. It should be regarded as a sign of fellowship to Christian friends when
parting, and when meeting again after a separation of weeks or months. In 1 Thessalonians 5:26 Paul says,
‘Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss.’ In the same chapter he says, ‘Abstain from all appearance of evil.’
There can be no appearance of evil when the holy kiss is given at a proper time and place.” –Early Writings,
p. 117.
Matthew 5:34-37. Do not use idle oaths.
Romans 1:9. It is right to take the judicial oath.
Isaiah 8:12, 13. Christians are not to confederate (such as with unions or councils of churches) but to
trust in the Lord (James 4:12-15).
2 Corinthians 6:14. Christians should not be unequally yoked with unbelievers (such as in secret so-
cieties or partnerships).

RECREATION AND AMUSEMENTS
1 Corinthians 10:31. Whatever we do should be done to the honor of God.
Recreation
Galatians 5:21. The Christian should not be in places where drunkenness, revellings, and such things
go on.
1 Peter 4:3. Once converted, a person will not take part in such “pleasures of sin.”
1 Corinthians 9:24, 25. Our competition should be for an incorruptible crown, not a corruptible one.
Luke 12:42, 43; 16:1, 2. As stewards of God’s money, we are not to gamble with it but to spend it wisely
to bless others.
Philippians 4:8. Whatever we read, listen to, or watch should be guided by this criterion–think on
things which are true, pure, honest, and of good report.
“Among the most dangerous resorts for pleasure is the theater. Instead of being a school for morality and
virtue, as is so often claimed, it is the very hotbed of immorality. Vicious habits and sinful propensities are
strengthened and confirmed by these entertainments. Low songs, lewd gestures, expressions, and attitudes,
deprave the imagination and debase the morals. Every youth who habitually attends such exhibitions will
be corrupted in principle. There is no influence in our land more powerful to poison the imagination, to
destroy religious impressions, and to blunt the relish for tranquil pleasures and sober realities of life, than
theatrical amusements.
“The love for these scenes increases with every indulgence, as the desire for intoxicating drink strengthens
with its use. The only safe course is to shun the theater, the circus, and every other questionable place of
amusement.
“In many religious families, dancing and card playing are made a parlor pastime. It is urged that these are
quiet, home amusements, which may be safely enjoyed under the parental eye. But a love for these exciting
pleasures is thus cultivated, and that which was considered harmless at home will not long be regarded
dangerous abroad. It is yet to be ascertained that there is any good to be obtained from these amusements.
They do not give vigor to the body nor rest to the mind. They do not implant in the soul one virtuous or
holy sentiment. On the contrary, they destroy all relish for serious thought and for religious services. It is
true that there is a wide contrast between the better class of select parties and the promiscuous and degrad-
ed assemblies of the low dance house. Yet all are steps in the path of dissipation.” –Messages to Young People,
pp. 380, 399.
Holidays
Jeremiah 10:2-4. We are not to learn the ways of the heathen but are to do all to God’s glory (1 Corin-
thians 10:31).
“… Our holidays should not be spent in patterning after the world, yet they should not be passed by un-
noticed, for this will bring dissatisfaction to our children. On these days when there is danger that our
children will be exposed to the evil influences and become corrupted by the pleasures and excitement of
the world, let the parents study to get up something to take the place of more dangerous amusements. Give
your children to understand that you have their good and happiness in view.” –Testimonies for the Church,
vol. 1, pp. 514, 515.

MARRIAGE
Ordained by God
Genesis 2:18. God ordained the woman for the man.
Genesis 2:24. A man shall cleave (be faithful) to his wife.
Genesis 1:27, 28. The couple were to be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth.
“God ordained that man and woman should be united in holy wedlock, to raise up families that, crowned
with honor, would be symbols of the family in heaven.” –(Signs of the Times, August 30, 1899) Daughters of
God, p. 180.
Ephesians 5:25. The husband is to love his wife as Christ loved the church.
Ephesians 5:22, 24. The wife is to submit herself to her husband in the Lord and be subject to him.
Marriage is symbolic of God’s covenant relationship with His people

Jeremiah 3:14. God spoke of His relationship to Israel as a marriage.
2 Corinthians 11:2. We are espoused to Christ.
Song of Solomon 6:9. God’s bride is but one.
As God is faithful to His covenant promises, so are we to be

1 Corinthians 1:9. God is faithful to His covenant promises.
1 John 4:7. As He is, so are we to be in this present world.
Luke 16:10. One who is faithful in the least will be faithful in much.
Luke 16:12, 11. If one is not faithful to that which is another man’s (i.e., his daughter and your wife,
an earthly treasure), how can he expect to receive the true eternal riches?
Luke 16:17. God is faithful in keeping His promises.
Luke 16:18. Likewise we must be faithful to our marriage vows if we would see heaven.
1 Corinthians 6:10, 11. If there is a separation, the parties are to remain unmarried (the apostle Paul’s
understanding of what Jesus said about this).
Counsel concerning marriage

Amos 3:3. The Christian is to unite in marriage only with someone of like faith.
2 Corinthians 6:14. Christians should not be unequally yoked together with unbelievers.
Romans 13:1. Marriage must be contracted according to the law–before the registrar’s office of civil
order and before the church.
Romans 7:2, 3. If one party to the marriage dies, the other is free to marry again.
Matthew 5:27, 28; Mark 10:11, 12. Adultery is forbidden (Luke 16:18).
1 Corinthians 7:1, 2; 6:18. Fornication is a sin against one’s own body.
Matthew 19:5, 6. It is God’s will that a man have only one wife; and a woman, only one husband.
Matthew 19:6-8. Divorce is permitted only for adultery (Mark 10:11, 12; Luke 16:18).
1 Corinthians 7:12-15. The believing party is not to leave his unbelieving spouse. But if he departs, let
him depart.
Romans 1:24, 26, 27. The apostle Paul wrote strongly against excesses in the marriage relationship,
lesbianism, homosexuality, and all other such abuses.

TITLE
MARRIAGE, cont.
1 Corinthians 7:1-5. Marriage is ordained to avoid immorality.
Hebrews 13:4. Marriage is honorable.
” ‘Marriage is honourable’; it was one of the first gifts of God to man, and it is one of the two institutions
that, after the fall, Adam brought with him beyond the gates of Paradise. When the divine principles are
recognized and obeyed in this relation, marriage is a blessing; it guards the purity and happiness of the
race, it provides for man’s social needs, it elevates the physical, the intellectual, and the moral nature.” –Pa-
triarchs and Prophets, p. 46.
“In the time of the end every divine institution is to be restored.” –Prophets and Kings, p. 678.
“There were two institutions founded in Eden that were not lost in the fall–the Sabbath and the marriage
relation. These were carried by man beyond the gates of paradise. He who loves and observes the Sab-
bath, and maintains the purity of the marriage institution, thereby proves himself the friend of man and
the friend of God. He who by precept or example lessens the obligation of these sacred institutions is the
enemy of both God and man, and is using his influence and his God-given talents to bring in a state of con-
fusion and moral corruption.” –Signs of the Times, February 28, 1884.

REVELATION 2 AND 3–LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES
The letters to the seven churches present seven periods of Christian church history from the first century A.D. to
the end of time. In each period, apostasy occurred, and the faithful remnant formed the nucleus of the next church
period.
The number seven indicates completeness, perfection. The order of the names is the route which a messenger from
Patmos would travel to reach the historical seven churches. The letters were applicable both locally and propheti-
cally. Each letter has an addressee–the angel (leaders) of the church–and a sender–Christ.
Ephesus (desirable)
(A.D. 31-100) Ephesus was the leading city in the province of Asia.
Revelation 2:1. Christ holds seven stars in His right hand; stars are the angels, or the leaders, of the
seven churches. He walks in the midst of the seven candlesticks–seven churches (Revelation
1:20). He is the Head of all seven churches.
COMMENDED FOR:
Revelation 2:2. Works, labor, patience, not tolerating evil, trying lying prophets.
Revelation 2:3. Especially in patience and labor, they endured and did not faint or fall away.
Revelation 2:6. Hating the deeds of the Nicolaitans, a sect which practiced adultery and offered sac-
rifices to idols.
ADMONISHED FOR:
Revelation 2:4. Leaving their first love.
Revelation 2:5. Warned to repent and do their first works, or their candlestick would be removed, in
which case they would cease to be acknowledged as God’s light-bearing church.
OVERCOMERS’ REWARD:
Revelation 2:7. They will eat of the tree of life in the midst of God’s paradise.
Smyrna (myrrh, sweet smelling savor)
(100-323) This name comes from a gum resin from a bushy tree with a bitter taste but fragrant smell
when burned.
Revelation 2:8. Christ, sender of the message, is the First and the Last, which was dead and is alive–
appropriate for this period of persecution.
COMMENDED FOR :
Revelation 2:9. Works (persecution was terrible under the Roman emperors, A.D. 98-313), tribulation,
poverty (but rich in faith), standing firm against those who said they were Jews (Christians) but
were elements of Satan’s apostasy.
Revelation 2:10. Enduring “ten days” of persecution (10 years in literal time) under Emperor Diocle-
tian, A.D. 303-313. (The key to prophecy: one prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment.
See “Daniel 7–The Antichrist.”) Encouraged to be faithful unto death and would receive a crown
of life at the first resurrection. Many thousands sealed their testimony with their blood.
ADMONITION:
No admonition is given to the remnant that stood faithful during severe persecution by Rome.
Revelation 2:11. Will not be hurt by the second death. Being righteous, they will be resurrected at

REVELATION 2 AND 3–LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES, cont.
Christ’s coming (1 Thessalonians 4:16). The second death is the final destruction of the wicked
(John 5:29; Revelation 20:14).
Pergamos (height, elevation)

(323-538) Pergamos was a center of Hellenistic culture and religion.
Revelation 2:12. Christ, sender of the message, has a sharp, two-edged sword–God’s word, which will
judge the church (Ephesians 6:17).
COMMENDED FOR:
Revelation 2:13. Holding fast Christ’s name (character), having true faith in Him and resisting “Sa-
tan’s seat” at Rome (Holy See of the Catholic Church).
In B.C. 29, Pergamos was the first place where a living emperor was worshiped–Augustus along with the
goddess Roma. There were many pagan temples there (oriental mystery). Pergamos is therefore an appro-
priate name for the period from 323 to 538.
Antipas as a faithful martyr represented a class of men who opposed the power of the bishops or popes of
this time. Anti means “oppose”; Pas means “father, pappa, or pope.”
ADMONISHED FOR:
Revelation 2:14.The doctrine of Balaam.
1. True to God in the beginning.
2. Then turned to licentiousness and unrighteousness of idolatry.
3. Loved sun worship.
4. United with Balak of the Moabites, or the government, to overthrow God’s people.
This process was duplicated in this church period.
1. The church was true to God in the early Christian stage.
2. Then it turned to idolatry and licentiousness.
3. It changed the Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday.
4. It united with the pagan Roman government in a church/state relationship to force its will on
the people: Casting a stumbling block–causing a person to stumble, make a mistake, and fall
into sin. Eating things sacrificed to idols–defilement of body and spirit; mixture of paganism
and Christianity; fornication.
Revelation 2:15. The immoral Nicolaitans (see “Ephesus”) were again encouraged by the terrible spir-
itual condition of the church.
Revelation 2:16. Warned to repent or face the judgment pronounced by the word of God on such
apostasy.
Revelation 2:17. They will eat of the hidden manna–the bread of life (Christ). This is the spiritual
blessing of acceptance by God and eternal life. They will be given a white stone with a new
name–purity (acquittal from sin)–and a new character. “Which no man knoweth”–it will be a
personal experience of rebirth.

Thyatira (sacrifice of contrition)
(538-1798)
Revelation 2:18. The sender (Christ) has eyes like a flame of fire–He can see through everything–and
feet like brass–a symbol of strength and resistance to decay.
COMMENDED FOR:
Revelation 2:19. Works (works are repeated, and the last were more than the first; this is the only
recognition of improvement in all the seven letters), charity (love), service (ministry), faith, and
patience.
ADMONISHED FOR:
Revelation 2:20-23. A few things (actually many things) against the church: Jezebel was allowed in
the church.
Jezebel’s teachings:
1 Kings 16:31. Baal worship (sun worship)
1 Kings 21:25. Introducing heathen customs
2 Kings 9:30. Indecent manner of dressing
1 Kings 18:4, 13. Destroyed God’s people
1 Kings 19:1, 2. Refused the opportunity to repent
2 Kings 9:31-37. Tribulation/fearful death
2 Kings 9:24, 26. Her children were killed
Modern Jezebel’s (Catholic) teachings: Corrupted by union with worldly governments and sun worship
(Sunday) as substitute for the seventh-day Sabbath; mingled heathen customs with truth; dress, immorality
led people away from God; destroyed God’s people’ refused the opportunity to repent; will be destroyed in
the second death; and her daughters (apostate Protestant churches) will also be destroyed.
Revelation 2:24. The rest in Thyatira–a small group (remnant) of loyal believers (Waldenses, Hugue-
nots, etc.) who had not known the depths of Satan–errors of philosophy and human speculation,
such as immortality of the soul, consciousness in death, veneration of saints, eternal torment,
purgatory, indulgences, mass (see The Great Controversy, p. 58).
None other burden put on them–relief from the persecution was coming. The 1,260 years of
papal persecution during the Middle Ages was to be shortened, according to the prophecy (Mat-
thew 24:22). Officially, persecution began in 538 and ended in 1798. Not before 1798 could Christ
come again (2 Thessalonians 2:3).
Revelation 2:25. “Hold fast till I come”–the day of Christ’s coming was drawing near, and attention is
called to this.
Revelation 2:26, 27. Power over nations, rule with rod of iron–the saints will share with Christ in judg-
ment and destruction of the wicked.
Revelation 2:28. Given the morning star–they will have the closest relation to Christ in heart and in
understanding.

Sardis (song of joy, that which remains)
(1798-1833)
The remnant of the Protestant Reformation. Luther’s Reformation, which began in 1517, was vindicated by
the capture in 1798 and later death of Pope Pius VI.
Revelation 3:1. The sender (Christ) still represents Himself as watching His church carefully. 7 stars–
He still has the leadership in His hands. 7 Spirits–the Holy Spirit still provides guidance. The
church has a name–the Protestant movement had made a deep experience during the Reforma-
tion. Now just the name remained; faith was dead.
Revelation 3:2. Things ready to die–spiritual life was almost dead (it was just a matter of survival).
Only a system of protest against apostasy still existed. Works not found perfect–the Protestant
churches retained parts of the Catholic system (catechisms; crystallized, petrified doctrines; re-
form had stopped short of God’s intended goal).
Revelation 3:3, 4. The remnant were to remember the birth of Protestantism under severe persecution
and to hold fast. Comes as a thief–warning to get ready for Christ’s coming. Only a few names
left whose garments are not defiled–garments are their characters of righteousness bought by
the blood of Christ. There were only a few who really had Christ in their lives.
Revelation 3:5. Would be clothed in white raiment (Christ’s righteousness), and their names would
not be blotted out of the book of life in the judgment.
Philadelphia (brotherly love)

(1833-1844)
This period was a time of special revival and reformation. The church of Philadelphia was the church of the
first angel’s message and preparation for Christ’s coming.
Martin Luther predicted Christ’s coming would be about 300 years after his time. His prediction was made
in 1517; adding 300 to this makes the year somewhere around 1817.
William Miller first understood Daniel 8:14 in 1819.
Joseph Wolff, a Jew, began to preach the same message in 1821. These were two of more than 1,500 ministers
around the world who preached the subject of the Advent. This great revival and belief that Christ would
come in 1844 knit the hearts of the believers together.
Revelation 3:7. The sender (Christ) says that He is holy and true. The key of David–He opens, and no
man shuts; He shuts, and no man can open.
Revelation 3:8. An open door–this was into the most holy place of the heavenly sanctuary, where the
ark of the covenant containing the Ten Commandments is located (Revelation 11:18, 19). The
books were opened and judgment of the professed people of God began in 1844. This was the
beginning of the cleansing of the sanctuary. The shut door–this was into the holy place of the
heavenly sanctuary. Christ had left the holy place and closed the door.
“I saw that Jesus had shut the door of the holy place, and no man can open it; and that He had opened the
door into the most holy, and no man can shut it; and that since Jesus has opened the door into the most
holy place, which contains the ark, the commandments have been shining out to God’s people, and they are
being tested on the Sabbath question.” –Early Writings, p. 42.

Revelation 3:9. Professed Christians who have rejected the last message will acknowledge that the
truth is right. (See The Great Controversy, p. 655.)
The promises to every church period will be received at the end of time; all will receive them at the same
time.
Revelation 3:10. They will be kept from the hour of temptation (The deception of spiritualism, the
prophesied time of trouble, the seven last plagues).
Revelation 3:11. Hold fast–this was an encouragement to the church of the disappointment, when
Christ did not come as they expected. Thy crown–the crown of eternal life.
Revelation 3:12. A pillar in the temple refers to the remnant left from Philadelphia–he will have a
permanent place in the Lord’s presence. Write upon him the name of My God–he is completely
the Lord’s. Write upon him the name of the city of My God–he will be a citizen of the New Jeru-
salem, which will be brought down from heaven. My new name–he is Christ’s.
Laodicea (people of the judgment)

(1844-end of time) Laos = people; Dicea = judgment
Revelation 3:14. The sender is the Amen (so be it). This implies that the end of all things is at hand.
The Faithful and True Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God–while at the end, Christ
refers to the beginning (origin of all things). This is an important point in this time of unbelief in
creation and belief in evolution.
ADMONISHED FOR:
Revelation 3:15. Lukewarm condition, neither cold nor hot. Cold–a state of feeling destitute, poor,
unfit, uncomfortable. Hot–intense, fervent zeal, love of the Lord, corresponding works. Luke-
warm = comfortable, at ease, indifferent.
In the literal city of Laodicea, there was a stream flowing through the city which was lukewarm. This was
caused by a hot waterfall at Hierapolis and by the water flowing six miles through the Lycus Valley, thus
cooling it, but only to the point of being lukewarm by the time it reached Laodicea.
Revelation 3:16. Lukewarmness leads to rejection (being spewed out).
“The figure of spewing out of His mouth means that He cannot offer up your prayers or your expressions of
love to God. He cannot endorse your teaching of His word or your spiritual teaching in anywise. He cannot
present your religious exercises with the request that grace be given you.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol.
6, p. 408
Revelation 3:17. The church says: “I am rich”–the church is rich with spiritual truths. If not humble, it
becomes proud of its riches of truth. “Increased with goods”–it is proud of its riches and thinks
it has made itself rich. “Have need of nothing”–this is the climax of the boast; it cannot improve
because it is self-satisfied.
“And knowest not”–Christ knows the church’s true condition, but Laodicea does not; it is igno-
rant of its true condition.
“That thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked”–Christ’s testimony is
exactly the opposite of what the church believes about itself.
Revelation 3:18. The Lord’s offer and solution:
Gold–faith (Galatians 5:6; James 2:5) tried in the fire (1 Peter 1:7)–purified by trials and the love
of Christ.

White raiment–Christ’s righteousness to cover the nakedness of our character (Galatians 3:27).
Eye salve–spiritual enlightenment and discernment through the power of the Holy Spirit (John
16:8-11). This also includes the Spirit of prophecy (1 Samuel 9:9)
Revelation 3:19, 20. The call for repentance and reformation.
At the door of the church: “The Lord has shown me in vision some things concerning the church in its pres-
ent lukewarm state, which I will relate to you. The church was presented before me in vision. Said the angel
to the church: ‘Jesus speaks to thee, “Be zealous and repent.” ’ This work, I say, should be taken hold of in
earnest. There is something to repent of. Worldly-mindedness, selfishness, and covetousness have been
eating out the spirituality and life of God’s people.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 1, p. 141.
At the door of the heart: “ ‘Behold, I stand at the door, and knock:…’ I saw that many have so much rubbish
piled up at the door of their heart that they cannot get the door open. Some have difficulties between them-
selves and their brethren to remove. Others have evil tempers, selfish covetousness, to remove before they
can open the door. Others have rolled the world before the door of their heart, which bars the door. All this
rubbish must be taken away, and then they can open the door and welcome the Saviour in.” –Testimonies
for the Church, vol. 1, p. 143.
The knocking is accomplished by Christ’s sending His messengers to bear a testimony to His people. “But
many refuse to receive Him. The Holy Spirit waits to soften and subdue hearts; but they are not willing to
open the door and let the Saviour in, for fear that He will require some thing of them. And so Jesus of Naz-
areth passes by. He longs to bestow on them the rich blessings of His grace, but they refuse to accept them.
What a terrible thing it is to exclude Christ from His own temple! What a loss to the church!” –Testimonies
for the Church, vol. 6, p. 262.
In 1888, the message of Christ Our Righteousness was rejected by the leadership of the Seventh-day Adven-
tist Church. This resulted in disregard of Christ’s principles and deliberate transgression of the fourth and
sixth Commandments in World Wars I and II. It also resulted in the church’s disfellowshipping the faithful
believers who protested this transgression. The end result was the new policy instituted in 1923 in which
the General Conference essentially grants liberty of conscience to Adventist members to break God’s law.
If any man–it is an individual call and experience.
Sup with him–this will be at the great marriage supper of the Lamb.
Revelation 3:21. He will sit with Christ in His throne.
Conclusion
Revelation 12:17. The remnant of the seventh and final church period, who will give the last warning
message to the world. We believe the Seventh-day Adventist Church Reform Movement, Inter-
national Missionary Society, which remains on the platform of Christ’s eternal truth, meets this
description. The dragon makes war with God’s faithful people, particularly those living at the
end of time.

REVELATION 4–GOD’S THRONE
Revelation 4:1. Door opened in heaven–the first apartment of the heavenly sanctuary.
Revelation 4:2. In spirit–in a spiritual condition to receive the vision.
Revelation 4:3. This immediately suggests the Monarch vested with His royal robes, the almighty,
absolute Ruler, God. Rainbow–He is a covenant-keeping God.
Revelation 4:4. The 24 elders assist Christ as High Priest. White raiment–they have accepted the righ-
teousness of Christ. Crowns–victory over this world.
Revelation 5:9, 10. Redeemed by blood–they were redeemed from this earth and taken to heaven in
advance of the great multitude (Matthew 27:52, 53; Ephesians 4:8).
Revelation 4:5. Seven lamps of fire–antitype of the golden candlestick in the first apartment of the
earthly sanctuary. Spirits of God–the Holy Spirit.
Revelation 4:6. Sea of glass like crystal–a broad expanse resembling transparent or clear glass. Four
beasts–heavenly beings working closely with God in His ministry for the church on earth (Rev-
elation 5:8-10).
Revelation 4:7. The first like a lion (banner of Judah)–symbol of power and justice. The second like a
calf (banner of Ephraim)–symbol of service and strength. The third had the face of a man (ban-
ner of Reuben–symbol of sensitivity, intelligence, and feeling). The fourth like a flying eagle
(banner of Dan)–symbol of sharp eyesight, swiftness in protective care.
Revelation 4:8. They are ever rejoicing, praising, and giving glory to God.
Revelation 4:9, 10. The four heavenly beings and the 24 elders worship before God’s throne.
Revelation 4:11. God is glorified as the Creator and Sustainer of all.
REVELATION 6 AND 8:1–THE SEVEN SEALS

The seven seals represent events of a religious character and contain the history of the church from the opening of
the Christian era to the second coming of Christ.
First seal (white horse)
(A.D. 31-100)
Revelation 6:1, 2. White horse. Purity of faith–the rider has a crown. Triumphs of the gospel in the
first century. Conquering and to conquer–zeal and success of earliest ministers.
Second seal (red horse)
(100-323)
Revelation 6:3, 4. Red horse–purity began to be corrupted (color of blood). Rider has power to take
peace from the earth; they should kill one another; rider was given a great sword–continual war
and persecution, especially when Christianity mounted the throne of the Caesars and assumed
civil power.
Third seal (black horse)
(323-538)
Revelation 6:5. Black horse–darkest errors and grossest superstitions sprang up in the church; there
was spiritual famine. Balances in the rider’s hand–both religious and civil power were united in
the person exerting executive power in the government.

REVELATION 6 AND 8:1–THE SEVEN SEALS, cont.
Revelation 6:6. Wheat and barley–love of money permeated the church and its members. Spiritual
food was scarce. Oil and wine–the graces of the Spirit (faith and love) would not entirely perish
from the earth.
Fourth seal (pale horse)
(538-1517)
Revelation 6:7, 8. Pale horse–persecution was great; the church was as pale as death. Rider called
death–the papacy put over 50,000,000 martyrs to death. Hell–the grave. One fourth of the earth–
that part of the world over which this power had jurisdiction. Killed by sword, hunger, death
(slow torture), and beasts–means used to put the Christians to death.
Fifth seal
(1517-1755)
Revelation 6:9. This was the time of the Protestant Reformation. Souls under the altar–this is a symbol
of the martyrs in their graves whose blood cried from the ground as did Abel’s (Genesis 4:10).
Revelation 6:10. How long would it be before God would judge men and avenge the martyrs’ blood,
how long until the world would know that the martyred ones were the true Christians?
Revelation 6:11. White robes given to them–the world would now see that they were not the vile
criminals, as the papacy claimed, but that they were the true children of God who died for the
“word of God, and for the testimony which they held.” Little season–the cruel work of Roman-
ism would yet burst out in hatred and persecution before the little season of the fifth seal ended.
Sixth seal
(1755-Christ’s second coming)
Revelation 6:12. Great earthquake–on November 1, 1755, the great Lisbon, Portugal, earthquake
struck. It extended over 4,000,000 square miles of Europe, Africa, and America. In Lisbon, ap-
proximately 100,000 people died.
Sun became black–the dark day of May 19, 1780, covered the New England states of the eastern
U.S. Before noon, it became so dark that cows returned home and chickens went to roost, think-
ing it was night. The darkness was so intense that people could not see their own hand held a
few inches from their eyes. It was the general opinion that the day of judgment was at hand.
Moon became as blood–when the moon appeared in the impenetrable darkness that night (May
19, 1780), it had the appearance of blood in color.
Revelation 6:13. The stars of heaven fell–November 13, 1833, a great meteoric shower occurred.
“The most universal and wonderful which has ever been recorded,… the whole firmament, over all the
U.S., being then, for hours, in fiery commotion.” –Our First Century, p. 329.
Revelation 6:14. The coming of Christ and the destruction of this present world. We are now living
between verses 13 and 14.
Revelation 6:15-17. The wicked will pray to be hidden from the wrath of the Lamb.
Seventh seal
Revelation 8:1. Silence in heaven for a half hour–heaven will be emptied for a half hour (seven literal
days. One prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment; see “Daniel 7–The Antichrist”) as
Christ and all His angels come to take God’s children to heaven as the earth is desolated.

REVELATION 7–THE 144,000
1 Timothy 2:3, 4. God desires all men to be saved.
Luke 3:6. All flesh shall see (understand) the salvation of God.
Luke 13:23, 24. Yet few shall be saved.
Matthew 22:14. Many (all) are called, but few are chosen.
The remnant of earth’s last hours
1 Kings 19:9, 10. B.C. 906–Elijah said, “I only am left.”
Jeremiah 23:1-3. B.C. 599–Israel scattered by false pastors, remnant to be gathered.
Ezekiel 6:1-4, 8, 9. B.C. 594–Israel to fall by the sword, yet a remnant would escape.
Ezra 9:8. B.C. 457–The grace of God leaves a remnant.
Romans 11:1-5. A.D. 60–God’s people are not forsaken; there has always been a remnant according to
the election of grace.
Obedient to Christ
Revelation 12:17. The remnant keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
Revelation 19:10. The testimony of Jesus is the Spirit of prophecy.
Revelation 12:10, 11. They overcome by the blood of the Lamb, the word of their testimony.
Religious deception in the last days
2 Timothy 3:13. Evil men and seducers will deceive worse and worse.
Matthew 24:24. If it were possible, even the elect of God would be deceived by false christs and false
prophets showing great signs and wonders (miracles).
Luke 18:1, 8. With such deception, only a few will keep the faith of Jesus, as revealed in this parable.
The 144,000 identified
Revelation 7:1. The four angels are holding back Armageddon (see “Daniel 7–The Antichrist” con-
cerning “winds”).
Revelation 7:2, 3. The winds (all-out war wherever it might occur in the world) are to be held back
until the angel seals God’s people in their foreheads with the seal of the living God. The sev-
enth-day Sabbath is the seal of His authority.
Revelation 7:4. The number sealed is 144,000. (Tribes of Israel represent overcomes from all nations;
see Romans 10:12, 13.)
Revelation 14:1. They are depicted as victorious, standing on the heavenly Mount Zion with the Fa-
ther’s name written in their foreheads (the fourth Commandment–the seventh-day Sabbath–is
where God’s name and authority are inscribed).
Both the third angel’s message and the sealing began in 1844 and have been going on ever since. To be exact,
the sealing time started in 1848, the year the Sabbath truth was accepted by the early Adventists. Obviously,
not all men could be held accountable for the Sabbath truth immediately in 1848. Therefore, the formation
of the great multitude (Revelation 7:9) continued after 1848 and will continue until an undisclosed time
when the message has reached everyone in the world.
Revelation 14:13. A blessing is pronounced on those who die in the Lord from the time when the third
angel’s message began. Therefore, those who have died in the faith of the third angel’s message
will be part of the 144,000.

REVELATION 7–THE 144,000, cont.
Daniel 12:2. Those who have died in the faith of the third angel’s message will come forth in the par-
tial resurrection during the seventh plague.
“All who have died in the faith of the third angel’s message come forth from the tomb glorified, to hear
God’s covenant of peace with those who have kept His law.” –The Great Controversy, p. 637.
Revelation 1:7. They will be resurrected at the same time as the special class of wicked who are to see
the Son of man coming in the clouds (Mark 14:62).
Revelation 14:2, 3. The 144,000 sing a new song. This is a song of their experience that only they can
sing.
Revelation 15:3. It is called the song of Moses and the Lamb (experience and deliverance).
Revelation 14:4.
1. They are not defiled with women: They have no connection with the whore (Roman Catholic
system) of Revelation 17:5 or her daughters, the harlots (apostate Protestant churches).
2. They are virgins–they carry the pure doctrine.
3. They follow the Lamb (Christ) wherever He goes; it is thought that they will occupy a special
place in eternity, serving Christ in the temple and accompanying Him from world to world.
4. They are redeemed from among men and are first fruits unto God: being the saints who are
alive when Jesus comes, they will be the first to behold Him.
Revelation 14:5. No guile (deceit) is found in their mouths; they are without fault: they accept Christ’s
sacrifice fully and thus are able to overcome (see Isaiah 53:9).
The 144,000 endure the severest tests

Revelation 13:12, 15-17. They will face the wrath of the wicked under the mark of the beast (not per-
mitted to buy or sell, and the death sentence pronounced against them).
Revelation 14:9, 10. They will face the seven last plagues as the wrath of God (Revelation 15:1) is
poured out on the world for accepting the mark of the beast (Sunday).
Isaiah 33:16. Though living during the seven last plagues, they will be protected and sustained.
Jeremiah 30:5-7. They will go through the time of Jacob’s trouble, when probation has closed and Je-
sus is no longer interceding for man.
“Jacob’s night of anguish, when he wrestled in prayer for deliverance from the hand of Esau, represents the
experience of God’s people in the time of trouble….
“Though God’s people will be surrounded by enemies who are bent upon their destruction, yet the anguish
which they suffer is not a dread of persecution for the truth’s sake; they fear that every sin has not been re-
pented of, and that through some fault in themselves they will fail to realize the fulfillment of the Saviour’s
promise, ‘I shall come upon all the world.’ Revelation 3:10.” –The Great Controversy, pp. 616, 619.
Victory will be theirs

Revelation 14:4. The 144,000 are the living saints redeemed from among men at Christ’s second coming.
1 Thessalonians 4:17. They are those who “are alive and remain” when Christ shall come.
Revelation 14:1-3. Victory will be theirs.
“Soon we heard the voice of God like many waters, which gave us the day and hour of Jesus’ coming. The
living saints, 144,000 in number, knew and understood the voice,…
“The 144,000 were all sealed and perfectly united.” –Early Writings, p. 15.

REVELATION 8, 9, AND 11–THE SEVEN TRUMPETS
The first four trumpets deal with the breakup of Western Rome; the last three deal with the overthrow of Eastern
Rome.
Revelation 8:2. Seven angels are given charge of this prophecy.
Revelation 8:6. This was a summons to war.
The downfall of Western Rome

FIRST TRUMPET
Revelation 8:7. The invasion from the north by the Goths under Alaric (A.D. 395-410). Hail–the north-
ern origin of the invaders, from the shores of the frozen Baltic. Fire–destruction by flame of city
and country. Blood–the terrible slaughter of the inhabitants of the Roman Empire.
SECOND TRUMPET
Revelation 8:8, 9. The terrible invasion of the Vandals under Genseric on the African provinces and
Italy (A.D. 428-476). Burning mountain cast into sea–fierce maritime warfare. A third of the sea
became blood, a third of the creatures in the sea died, a third of the ships were destroyed–in
the battle of one night, Genseric completely destroyed the Roman fleet of 1,113 ships and over
100,000 men.
THIRD TRUMPET
Revelation 8:10, 11. The invasion of Western Rome by the Huns under Attila (A.D. 451). Great star fell
from heaven–Attila, like a blazing meteor, suddenly attacked the Empire. He arrayed himself
in a peculiarly brilliant manner that dazzled the eyes of his beholders. He regarded himself as
devoted to Mars, the god of war.
A third of the rivers and fountains of waters–the invasion of the region of the Alps and portions
of the Empire where the rivers flow down into Italy.
The name of the star is Wormwood–bitterness of Attila’s total “extirpation and erasure” policy.
He was called the “scourge of God” and boasted that grass never grew on the spot where his
horse had trod.
FOURTH TRUMPET
Revelation 8:12. The fall of Western Rome in A.D. 476 at the hands of Odoacer, chief of the Heruli. A
third of the sun, moon, and stars was smitten–the great luminaries of the Roman government,
its emperors, senators, consuls.
Revelation 8:13. Another angel intervenes and says the three remaining trumpets are woe trumpets,
because more terrible events were to take place.
The overthrow of Eastern Rome

FIFTH TRUMPET
Revelation 9:1-3. The rise of the Mohammedan religion. Star–Mohammed (Mahomet), the prophet of
Mecca. Bottomless pit–desolate wastes of Asia. Smoke–delusive doctrines of Islam which swept
the earth. Locusts–with no central government (like locusts, see Proverbs 30:27), swarms of the
Saracens were stirred up to plunder and violence by religious motives. Scorpions–swift, violent
attacks plus the deadly venom of revenge.
Revelation 9:4. Amazingly, the invaders spared the face and productions of nature, as God proph-
esied. They attacked the apostate Catholic Church, which was persecuting the people of God.

REVELATION 8, 9, AND 11–THE SEVEN TRUMPETS, cont.
Revelation 9:5. It is a marvel that the Saracens of Arabia tormented but did not kill (or did not utterly
destroy the political structure), for they made constant incursions into Roman territory with
frequent assaults on Constantinople itself. The torment was last for five months See verse 10.
Revelation 9:6. Constant savage attacks were made, then they withdrew momentarily, such as a scor-
pion stings. They made men weary of life.
Revelation 9:7. The shape of the locusts (Saracens) was like horses–the Arabian horse is one of the
finest in the world. The skill of horsemanship is the art and science of Arabia. Crowns of gold–
Their turbans were like a coronet or mitre. To assume the turban is proverbially to turn Muslim.
Faces like men–the gravity and ferocity of the Arabs.
Revelation 9:8. Hair like women–uncut. Teeth of lions–ferocious and devouring.
Revelation 9:9. The cuirass (breastplate) was in use among the Arabs in A.D. 624. Sound of horses
running to battle–the charge of the Arabs was literally formed of cavalry and archers.
Revelation 9:10, 11. They had power to hurt Eastern Rome (Greek division) for five months, begin-
ning July 27, 1299, when Othman assumed control of the Ottoman government and invaded the
territory of Eastern Rome. The five months, literally 150 years (one prophetic day equals one
literal year in fulfillment; see “Daniel 7–The Antichrist”), ended in July 27, 1449. King Othman–
(angel of bottomless pit). Name Abaddon (Hebrew)–destroyer. Name Apollyon (Greek)–one
who exterminates or destroys.
SIXTH TRUMPET
Revelation 9:13-15. Four angels–the sultanies of Aleppo, Iconium, Damascus, and Baghdad (situated
in the Euphrates Valley–were the central strength of the Ottoman empire. Angels (sultanies)
loosed–their power was no longer to be held back for:
One hour = 15 days
One day = 1 year
One month = 30 years
One year = 360 years
TOTAL: 391 years and 15 days
This extended from July 27, 1449, to August 11, 1840.
In 1449, the Emperor at Constantinople died, and before his brother, Constantine XIII, dared take the
throne, he asked permission of Amurath, the Turkish Sultan who had his capital at Adrianople. Thus, the
independence of the Eastern Empire was gone, voluntarily surrendered to the Turks. 391 years and 15 days
later, on August 11, 1840, the Turks voluntarily surrendered their independence into the hands of the great
powers of Europe. Almost overcome by Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt, the Sultan of Turkey put his affairs in
the hands of the great powers–England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia–and on August 11, 1840, placed in the
hands of Mehemet Ali the ultimatum of these powers. Where was his independence? Gone. And prophecy
was fulfilled.
In 1838, Josiah Litch, a leading minister preaching the second advent, predicted the fall of the Ottoman em-
pire in 1840, sometime in the month of August; his prediction was based on the time given in this prophecy
and the “one prophetic day equals one literal year” key. A few days before August 11, 1840, he publicly
declared that the exact date would be August 11. The exact fulfillment proved that the prophetic principle
was correct.
Revelation 9:16. An innumerable number of Turkish horsemen–years of conquering.
Revelation 9:17. Breastplates of fire (red), jacinth (blue), brimstone (yellow)–predominant colors of
the Turkish uniform. Horses’ heads as lions–strength, courage, and ferocity. Appearance of fire,

REVELATION 8, 9, AND 11–THE SEVEN TRUMPETS, cont.
smoke, and brimstone out of horses’ mouths–recently introduced firearms.
Revelation 9:18. The deadly effect of the new agents of gunpowder, firearms, and cannon, as Constan-
tinople was taken by the Turks in 1453.
Revelation 9:19. The appearance of power in horses’ mouths–smoke and fire of gunpowder. Power in
their tails–the horse’s tail is a well-known symbol of Turkish authority.
Revelation 9:20, 21. The hordes of Saracens and Turks were let loose as a scourge and punishment
upon the apostate Christian world. Men suffered the punishment but learned no lesson from it.
SEVENTH TRUMPET
Revelation 11:14, 15. The second woe ended with the fall of Turkey on August 11, 1840. The third woe
was to come quickly. It did, as it began to sound in the world-shaking judgment hour message
of 1844.
Revelation 11:18. Nations have been angry ever since the storm (war) year of 1848, and wars have
increased. Thy wrath is come–the seven last plagues. Time for the dead to be judged–the wicked
will be judged by the saints during the 1,000 years (1 Corinthians 6:2; Revelation 20:4). Reward
prophets and saints–they will be taken to heaven at the beginning of the 1,000 years (Matthew
16:27; 1 Thessalonians 4:16, 17) and will be given their final reward (inheritance of the new earth)
at the end of the 1,000 years (Matthew 25:34). The wicked destroyed–destruction by fire from
heaven at the end of the 1,000 years (millennium); the earth becomes a lake of fire.
Revelation 11:19. Since 1844, the second apartment of the temple in heaven has been open, and the
ark of His testament (containing the Ten Commandments) is seen. The breach in this law (the
Sabbath) is to be repaired as men now can see clearly. The test of the mark of the beast and the
seven last plagues will be followed by Christ’s second coming, with lightning, voices, thunder,
earthquake, and hail.
Revelation 10:7. The mystery of God (the gospel) will be finished (God’s people will be sealed, and
then probation will close) in the years following 1844.

REVELATION 10–THE LITTLE BOOK
Revelation 10:1. This is the same angel as in Revelation 14:6.
Cloud–Christ’s second coming.
Rainbow–God’s covenant.
Face as sun–Fullness of light and truth in Christ.
Feet as pillars of fire–strength. See Revelation 1:15, bronze as burned in fire.
Revelation 10:2. A little book was opened (infers that it had been closed; see Daniel 12:4, 9)–the book
of Daniel. Right foot on sea, left on earth–worldwide. Cried with a loud voice–again it is the
same angel as in Revelation 14:6.
Revelation 10:3, 4. What was uttered by the thunders is unknown.
Revelation 10:5, 6. There are no more prophetic time periods after 1844.
Revelation 10:7. The seventh trumpet (see “Seven Trumpets”) began to sound in 1844.
Revelation 10:8, 9. The book of Daniel, now open to men’s understanding, would be joyously re-
ceived, but the disappointment following their misunderstanding would be bitter.
Revelation 10:10. The judgment hour message which shook the world became a bitter experience to
God’s people in 1844 when Christ did not come as they expected. They mistook the sanctuary
of Daniel 8:14 for this earth.
Revelation 10:11. Although the message seemed to fail, God was in it, and the mark of the beast
prophecy of Revelation 14:9-12 must now be proclaimed.

REVELATION 11–THE TWO WITNESSES
Revelation 11:1. Measuring rod–a special message was given to the church; it embraced the great
truths for the last days, including the Ten Commandments, God’s measuring rod.
Measure the temple or altar of God–Attention was called to the temple in heaven, and light was
revealed on the ministration of our great High Priest (His work and position).
Measure the worshipers–the worshipers are those who by faith see Christ’s ministration in the
most holy place and recognize the fact that they are being measured by the Ten Command-
ments, the portion of the rod which relates to character.
Revelation 11:2. The court without the temple leave out–this earth.
Given to Gentiles–Christ’s sacrifice was introduced to the Gentiles. The holy city trodden under-
foot 42 months–Gentile apostasy during the 1,260 years of papal supremacy (538-1798).
In Biblical days, months had 30 days, as evidenced by Genesis 7:11 and Genesis 8:3, 4, where five months
are said to equal 150 days. Thus 42 X 30 equals 1,260 days in prophecy, or 1,260 years in literal fulfillment.
One prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment–see “Daniel 7–The Antichrist.”
Revelation 11:3. Two witnesses–Old and New Testaments (John 5:39). Clothed in sackcloth–the Bible
was forced into obscurity and withheld from the people during the Dark Ages of papal suprem-
acy. However, God gave His children power to endure and maintain their testimony for 1,260
years.
Revelation 11:4. Two olive trees–oil of the Holy Spirit. Two candlesticks–the word of God (the Scrip-
tures) (Zechariah 4:11-14; Psalm 119:105).
Revelation 11:5. Hurt God’s word–to oppose, corrupt, or pervert its testimony and turn people away
from it. Judgment of fire–destruction of wicked after the thousand years (Revelation 22:18, 19;
20:15; Malachi 4:1).
Revelation 11:6. Just as judgments are recorded on paper and then enforced, so the Scriptures have
power to bring God’s word to pass.
Revelation 11:7, 8. The two witnesses finished their testimony in sackcloth at the end of the 1,260
years, in 1798. Beast from the bottomless pit–France’s atheistic revolution in 1793.
Made war on the Bible–France’s governing body officially denied the being of God and made
war on the Monarch of heaven. In 1793, a decree passed the National Assembly forbidding the
Bible, and all copies were gathered and burned. With contempt and mockery, all institutions of
the Bible and religion were abolished.
Spiritually called Sodom–licentiousness. France established fornication by law during this time.
Egypt–Pharaoh said, “I know not the Lord, neither will I let Israel go.” France declared itself
atheistic. Where the Lord was crucified–the French infidels’ watchword and motto was, “Crush
the wretch [Christ].”
Revelation 11:9. Lay dead for three and a half days–Christians of other nations would put forth new
exertions in behalf of the Bible, or would not allow it to be put in the grave.

REVELATION 11–THE TWO WITNESSES, cont.
Revelation 11:10. This denotes the joy felt by those who hated the Bible or were tormented by it. But
“The triumphing of the wicked is short.” Although it set out to destroy Christ’s two witnesses,
France was filled with blood and terror. The Bible’s enemies were soon glad to remove their im-
pious hands from the holy Book.
Revelation 11:11. In November 1793, a decree passed the French National Assembly suppressing the
Bible. Three years later a resolution was introduced in the Assembly superseding the decree and
giving tolerance to the Scriptures. The resolution lay on the table for six months, after which it
was taken up and passed without a dissenting vote in June 1797. Exactly 3½ years after the first
decree, the two witnesses stood upon their feet and great fear fell upon the people as they wit-
nessed the appalling results of rejecting the Bible.
Revelation 11:12. Ascended up to heaven–the Bible has been greatly exalted since France made war
on it. Bible societies and their numerous auxiliaries are scattering the Bible everywhere. No oth-
er book approaches it in number of copies sold.
Revelation 11:13. Great earthquake–The French Revolution.
One tenth part fell–France, one of the ten kingdoms that rose out of Western Rome as well as
one of the strongest ministers of papal Rome (the city). There were slain of men 7,000 (margin,
names of men or titles of men)–French records reveal that 7,000 titles of men were abolished in the
Revolution.
Remnant were affrighted and gave glory to God–such scenes of blood, carnage, and horror
made even the infidels themselves tremble and stand aghast; and the remnant that escaped the
horrors of that hour gave glory to God, not willingly, but the God of heaven caused man’s wrath
to praise Him.
In this last generation, every man and woman has had access to the two witnesses (the Scriptures). We
have no excuse to be ignorant of the signs of Christ’s coming and the events preceding this long-anticipated
event.

REVELATION 12–THE DRAGON AND THE WOMAN
Revelation 12:1. Woman–the church (Hosea 2:19; Isaiah 62:5; 2 Corinthians 11:2).
Clothed with the sun–light and glory of the gospel dispensation. The moon under her feet–Mo-
saic dispensation with its types and shadows which passed away. Crown of 12 stars–suggests
the 12 disciples.
Revelation 12:2, 5. The woman (the pure church) brought forth Christ (the man child) to rule with a
rod of iron (Psalm 2:7-9).
Revelation 12:3. The great red dragon is Rome, which ruled the world at that time. It is identical to the
fourth beast of Daniel 7:7, 19, 23, 24.
Revelation 12:4. The Jews had three classes of rulers–kings, priests, and Sanhedrin. Rome took away
one third of these, the kings (stars) in B.C. 37. Rome stood before the woman (the church), ready
to devour Christ as soon as He was born–Herod ordered killed all the babies two years old and
under in an attempt to destroy Christ (Matthew 2:16).
Revelation 12:5. Her child (Christ) was caught up to God and His throne.
Revelation 12:6, 14. The woman (pure church) fled into the wilderness for 1,260 years from the per-
secution of papal Rome. (One prophetic day equals one literal year in fulfillment, see “Daniel
7–The Antichrist.”) The true faith was preserved by faithful people, such as the Waldenses, Hu-
guenots, and the Albigenses, who lived in rugged mountain areas far from population centers.
Revelation 12:7-10. Satan is the dragon; here he is described as being defeated for the second time by
Christ. Following His victory over every temptation, Christ won back the right to represent this
world in the heavenly councils, a representation which Satan had stolen from Adam. Salvation
and strength have come as Satan is cast down to this earth. Christ secured the kingdom of God
by His life and death.
Revelation 12:11, 12. The faithful believers overcome Satan while His wrath increases as the end of
evil nears.
Revelation 12:13, 14. Satan turns from his defeat at the hands of Christ and aims his tenfold fury at
the church. See also verse 6.
Revelation 12:15. Through the papacy Satan hurled a might flood of persecution against the church,
and over 50,000,000 martyrs died. Water as a flood–all nations had been corrupted by Rome, and
their civil powers were used to persecute God’s people.
Revelation 12:16. Earth is the opposite of water and thus represents a country with few inhabitants
in contrast to the “waters” (nations, tongues, and people) of Europe. The discovery of America
allowed the Protestants from the Old World to find a refuge.
Revelation 12:17. But Satan is not yet through. The final outburst of his wrath against the last gener-
ation of Christians to live on this earth will end with the threat of the mark of the beast of Rev-
elation 13. Woman–the true church throughout history is represented by a pure woman (there
have been seven church periods in the Christian era but only and always one true church). Seed–
Christ, the seed of Abraham (Galatians 3:16)–“the way, the truth, and the life.” Also, “the seed is
the word of God.” Luke 8:11. By implication, present truth. Remnant of her seed–those who are
loyal to present truth at the end of time.

REVELATION 16–THE SEVEN LAST PLAGUES
Revelation 16:1. The seven last plagues are God’s wrath upon the world for rejecting His law and ac-
cepting the “mark of the beast” (the Sunday rest day; see Revelation 14:9, 10).
First plague
Revelation 16:2. The first plague is a “noisome and grievous sore.”
Second plague
Revelation 16:3. Under the second plague, the sea becomes as the blood of a dead man–poisonous.
Third plague
Revelation 16:4. The third plague consists of the rivers and fountains of water turning to blood–poi-
sonous.
Revelation 16:5, 6. The angel of the waters declares it to be a righteous judgment.
Revelation 16:7. Angel of heaven agrees.
Fourth plague
Revelation 16:8. The sun scorches men and the earth as intensely as fire.
Revelation 16:9. The wicked blaspheme God. The people of God will naturally be blamed for this
judgment.
Fifth plague
Revelation 16:10. The fifth plague is a terrible, frightening darkness directed especially against the
beast (the papacy and its followers).
Revelation 16:11. Many wicked people will live through all the plagues, blaspheming God. This
means persecution for God’s people.
Sixth plague
Revelation 16:12. The drying up of the Euphrates River is the sixth plague.
“… It is a symbol of the nations occupying the territory through which that river flows.” –Daniel and the
Revelation, by Uriah Smith, p. 691.
The drying up of the Euphrates River in this symbolic sense is the gradual disappearing of the Turkish na-
tion from the territory once occupied by the Ottoman empire. The end of the Turk will open the way for the
battle of Armageddon as the kings of the East, the yellow races, covet the liquid gold (oil) of the Euphrates
Valley.
Revelation 16:13. The blame for Armageddon, the last global war between the Eastern and the West-
ern powers, actually rests on the three unclean spirits like frogs, denoting wicked spiritual pow-
ers leading into spiritualism.
The dragon: Paganism or heathenism
The beast: Roman Catholicism (see “Revelation 13–The Mark of the Beast”)
The false prophet: False Protestantism
Revelation 16:14. These are the spirits of devils gathering all the world to the battle of the great day
of God Almighty.
Revelation 16:15. Blessed is he who keeps his garments (righteousness of Christ).
This is the same warning as given to Seventh-day Adventists in Revelation 3:18. They should not be in this
war or any other war.

REVELATION 16–THE SEVEN LAST PLAGUES, cont.
Revelation 16:16. The nations are gathered for a literal battle.
Seventh plague
Revelation 16:17. Christ says, “It is done.”
Revelation 16:18. The greatest earthquake ever to hit the world will occur.
Daniel 12:2. The special resurrection will take place.
Revelation 16:19. The great city, great Babylon, will be divided into three parts (paganism, Catholi-
cism, false Protestantism); it will now face God’s full wrath.
Revelation 16:20. The destruction of the world then occurs.
Revelation 16:21. Hail falls, weighing about 58 pounds.
1 Thessalonians 4:16, 17; 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9. God’s people are translated to heaven.
“These plagues are not universal, or the inhabitants of the earth would be wholly cut off. Yet they will be
the most awful scourges that have ever been known to mortals. All the judgments upon men, prior to the
close of probation, have been mingled with mercy. The pleading blood of Christ has shielded the sinner
from receiving the full measure of his guilt; but in the final judgment, wrath is poured out unmixed with
mercy.” –The Great Controversy, pp. 628, 629.
Revelation 18:8. Her plagues come in one day (one year).

REVELATION 17–MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT
Revelation 17:1. Great whore–apostate woman, the Roman Catholic Church. Waters–people, multi-
tudes, nations and tongues (Verse 15).
Revelation 17:2. Between this church (Roman Catholic) and the kings of the earth there have been
illicit connections, and with the wine of her fornication (false doctrines) the inhabitants of earth
have been made drunk, uniting all under especially the doctrines of Sunday sacredness and the
immortality of the soul.
Revelation 17:3. The woman (the church) is seated on the scarlet-colored beast (Rome), the civil pow-
er by which she is upheld and which she controls and guides to her own ends.
Revelation 17:4. Purple and scarlet are the chief colors in the robes of popes and cardinals. Gold,
precious stones, and pearls adorn her service. From the golden cup in her hand come forth only
abominations and wine of her fornication, fit symbol of her abominable doctrines and still more
abominable practices.
Revelation 17:5. Babylon the Great is the Roman Catholic Church with its mysterious service. The
mother of harlots–apostate Protestants are the daughters, which still cling to the mother’s abom-
inable doctrines.
Revelation 17:6, 7. John understood pagan Rome’s persecution of Christians but could not grasp how
a professedly Christian church (papal Rome) could be drunk with the blood of saints, so he mar-
veled at such great power and persecution.
Revelation 17:8. Rome in three phases. See verses 9-11.
Revelation 17:9-11. The seven heads/seven kings or seven mountains are governments which can be
enumerated as follows:
Babylon
Medo-Persia
Greece
Pagan Rome
Papal Rome until 1798
Papal Rome wounded
Papal Rome healed
One world order
For further explanation of the seven heads, see the description at the end of this study–”The
eight kings of Revelation 17:9-11.”
Revelation 17:12, 13. Ten horns–ten European kingdoms that arose out of the Roman Empire. They re-
ceive power one hour (Greek, hora, an indefinite length of time) with the beast; that is, they reign
contemporaneously with the beast, during which time they give it their power and strength.
Revelation 17:14. In the future, Christ will judge the European nations and the western world at His
second coming, those who have had great light and rejected it. This includes the United States.
Revelation 17:15. See verse 1.
Revelation 17:16. The nations of Europe have been doing part of this work for years (such as Napoleon’s
General Berthier of France when he took the Pope prisoner in 1798 and stripped the Vatican of its
power). The complete burning with fire will be accomplished when Revelation 18:8 is fulfilled.
Revelation 17:17. The ten nations of Europe, which have been the main support of the papacy, will hate
her and will be instrumental in bringing the judgment of God upon the whore.

REVELATION 17–MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, cont.
Revelation 17:18. Rome is the great city of the Roman Catholic Church. Vatican City is where the man
of sin sits in his temple as God (2 Thessalonians 2:1-4). He is now revealed, and it is time for Christ
to come.
The eight kings of Revelation 17:9-11

To identify the symbols of Revelation 17, it is first necessary to know the time period under consideration
in this chapter. If the prophet is speaking from the perspective of his own time, then the symbols must be
understood as pointing to individuals or structures related to his day. If, on the other hand, they point to
end-time events, then another understanding is required. Here we take the latter approach for the follow-
ing reasons:
1. The last half of the book of Revelation deals with end-time events. John, for example, is called upon to
look at the very end of the great controversy just a few chapters later (Revelation 21:1, 2, 9, 10).
2. Revelation 17:1-3 references “the judgment of the great whore,” and the time of judgment began after the
time of the end began in 1798, when the church was emerging from the wilderness.
3. The four beasts and the ten horns of Daniel 7 are related to the seven heads and ten horns of the dragon
(Revelation 12) and the first beast of Revelation 13, which rises from the sea. One interesting detail about
this beast is the appearance of royal crowns. However, these crowns do not appear on the scarlet beast
of Revelation 17. This signifies a period of time distinct from the periods of the dragon (Imperial Rome)
and the first beast of Revelation 13 (papal Rome during the 1,260 years). Since World War I, all the mon-
archies of Europe (the ten kings) have either disappeared or become mere figureheads.
4. The phrase “was, and is not, and yet is” of Revelation 17:8 is simply another way of saying, “one of his
heads [was] as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed” (Revelation 13:3).
This confirms that Revelation 17:9-11 must be interpreted from the perspective of the time of the end (A.D.
1798 and beyond), not from the prophet’s time (A.D. 65-95). This understanding also agrees best of all with
the book of Daniel: The five kings (or kingdoms) which have already fallen from power are (1) Babylon,
(2) Medo-Persia, (3) Greece, (4) Pagan Rome, and (5) Papal Rome when it “was” a persecuting power in a
union of church and state. The sixth (6) king was Papal Rome in the time of the deadly wound, from which
it has now fully recovered. Thus, we are currently living in the time of the seventh (7) king–Papal Rome
as it has fully recovered from its deadly wound. The eighth (8) king is the confederacy of papal Rome (the
first beast that rose from the sea) and the U.S.A. (the second beast of Revelation 13 that rose from the earth),
which will enforce the false sabbath and “is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.” Revelation 17:11. This
confederacy brings to “perfection” Babylon the Great and will last for just a short time, since both of these
powers will be destroyed at the second coming of Jesus (Revelation 19:20).
February 11, 1929–Lateran Treaty–Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, on behalf of the Holy See,
and Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, on behalf of the nation of Italy, signed the Lateran Treaty, which stip-
ulated that the Vatican could exist on condition that it would respect Italian law.
January 10, 1984–First U.S. Ambassador to Rome appointed–Diplomatic relations were established be-
tween the U.S. and the Vatican for the first time when U.S. President Ronald Reagan appointed the first U.S.
Ambassador to the Vatican.
December 2008– “Vatican divorces from Italian law”–On Friday, January 2, 2009, BBC News reported that
“Vatican City State, the world’s smallest sovereign state, has decided to divorce itself from Italian law.”
With this declaration, the Vatican placed itself outside the terms of the Lateran Treaty and thus above the
Italian state.
“ His Power, and His Seat, and Great Authority” (Revelation 13:2)–In 1929, the Vatican received “power”
again. In 1984, it received its “seat.” And in 2008/2009 it assumed “great authority.” Thus, after 210 years
(1798-2008), the deadly wound was fully healed.
Soon all who dwell on the earth whose names are not written in the Lamb’s book of life will worship this
power. “Since the middle of the nineteenth century, students of prophecy in the United States have present-
ed this testimony to the world. In the events now taking place is seen a rapid advance toward the fulfill-
ment of the prediction.” –The Great Controversy, p. 579.

Diagram
The 1,000 Years (Millennium)

TITLE 1–The Holy Scriptures, the Bible
Appendix
“When you search the Scriptures with an earnest desire to learn the truth, God will breathe His Spirit into your heart and
impress your mind with the light of His word. The Bible is its own interpreter, one passage explaining another. By compar-
ing scriptures referring to the same subjects, you will see beauty and harmony of which you have never dreamed. There is
no other book whose perusal strengthens and enlarges, elevates and ennobles the mind, as does the perusal of this Book of
books. Its study imparts new vigor to the mind, which is thus brought in contact with subjects requiring earnest thought,
and is drawn out in prayer to God for power to comprehend the truths revealed. If the mind is left to deal with common-
place subjects, instead of deep and difficult problems, it will become narrowed down to the standard of the matter which it
contemplates and will finally lose its power of expansion.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 4, p. 499.
“There is nothing more calculated to strengthen the intellect than the study of the Scriptures. No other book is so potent to
elevate the thoughts, to give vigor to the faculties, as the broad, ennobling truths of the Bible. If God’s word were studied
as it should be, men would have a breadth of mind, a nobility of character, and a stability of purpose rarely seen in these
times.” –Steps to Christ, p. 90.
“God has given us His word that we may become acquainted with its teachings and know for ourselves what He requires
of us….
“It is the first and highest duty of every rational being to learn from the Scriptures what is truth, and then to walk in the
light and encourage others to follow his example. We should day by day study the Bible diligently, weighing every thought
and comparing scripture with scripture. With divine help we are to form our opinions for ourselves as we are to answer for
ourselves before God.” –The Great Controversy, p. 598.
“When we see Jesus, a Man of Sorrows and acquainted with grief, working to save the lost, slighted, scorned, derided, driv-
en from city to city till His mission was accomplished,… self will no longer clamor to be recognized. Looking unto Jesus, we
shall be ashamed of our coldness, our lethargy, our self-seeking. We shall be willing to be anything or nothing, so that we
may do heart service for the Master. We shall rejoice to bear the cross after Jesus, to endure trial, shame, or persecution for
His dear sake.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 439.

Appendix 2–Jesus
TITLE
MORE NAMES OF JESUS FAITHFUL WITNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 1:5
FATHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 6:9
ABBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Romans 8:15
FIRSTBORN (3) . . . . . . . . .Romans 8:29; Revelation 1:5;
ADVOCATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 John 2:1
Colossians 1:15
ALMIGHTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 17:1
FIRSTFRUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 15:20-23
ALPHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 22:13
FOUNDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 3:11
AMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 3:14
FRIEND OF TAX COLLECTORS
ANCIENT OF DAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Daniel 7:9
AND SINNERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 11:19
ANOINTED ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psalm 2:2
GENTLE WHISPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Kings 19:12
APOSTLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 3:1
GIFT OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 4:10
ARM OF THE LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 53:1
GLORY OF THE LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 40:5
AUTHOR OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acts 3:15
GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 1:1
AUTHOR OF OUR FAITH. . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 12:2
GOD ALMIGHTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 17:1
BEGINNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 21:6
GOD OVER ALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Romans 9:5
BLESSED AND HOLY RULER . . . . . . . . . 1 Timothy 6:15
GOD WHO SEES ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 16:13
BRANCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeremiah 33:15
GOOD SHEPHERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 10:11
BREAD OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 6:33
GREAT HIGH PRIEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 4:14
BREAD OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 6:35 GREAT SHEPHERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 13:20
BRIDEGROOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 62:56 GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psalm 48:14
BRIGHT MORNING STAR . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 22:16 HEAD OF THE BODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colossians 1:18
CHIEF SHEPHERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter 5:4 HEAD OF THE CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . Ephesians 5:23
CHOSEN ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 42:1 HEIR OF ALL THINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 1:2
CHRIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 22:42 HIGH PRIEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 3:1
CHRIST OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 9:20 HIGH PRIEST FOREVER . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 6:20
CHRIST THE LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 2:11 HOLY ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acts 2:27
CHRIST, SON OF LIVING GOD . . . . . . . Matthew 16:16 HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 49:7
COMFORTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 14:26 HOLY SPIRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 15:26
COMMANDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 55:4 HOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titus 2:13
CONSOLATION OF ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 2:25 HORN OF SALVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 1:69
CONSUMING FIRE . . . Deuteronomy 4:24; Hebrews 12:29 I AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exodus 3:14; John 8:58
CORNERSTONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 28:16 IMAGE OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Corinthians. 4:4
COUNSELOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 9:6 IMAGE OF HIS PERSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 1:3
CREATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter 4:19 IMMANUEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 7:14
DELIVERER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Romans 11:26 JEALOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exodus 34:14
DESIRED OF ALL NATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . Haggai 2:7 JEHOVAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psalm 83:18
DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 10:7 JESUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 1:21
END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 21:6 JESUS CHRIST OUR LORD . . . . . . . . . . . Romans 6:23
ETERNAL GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deuteronomy 33:27 JUDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 33:22; Acts 10:42
EVERLASTING FATHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 9:6 KING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zechariah 9:9
FAITHFUL AND TRUE . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 19:11 KING ETERNAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Timothy 1:17

TITLE 2–Jesus, cont.
Appendix
KING OF KINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Timothy 6:15 PURIFIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malachi 3:3
KING OF THE AGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 15:3 RABBONI (TEACHER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 20:16
LAMB OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 1:29 RADIANCE OF GOD’S GLORY . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 1:3
LAST ADAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians. 15:45 REDEEMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job 19:25
LAWGIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Isaiah 33:22 REFINER’S FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malachi 3:2
LEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 55:4 RESURRECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 11:25
LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 14:6 RIGHTEOUS ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 John 2:1
LIGHT OF THE WORLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 8:12 ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 10:4
LIKE AN EAGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deuteronomy 32:11 ROOT OF DAVID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 22:16
LILY OF THE VALLEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Song 2:1 ROSE OF SHARON . . . . . . . . . . . Song of Solomon 2:1
LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH . . . . . . . Revelation 5:5 RULER OF GOD’S CREATION . . . . . . . Revelation 3:14
LIVING STONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter 2:4 RULER OVER KINGS OF EARTH . . . . . . Revelation 1:5
LIVING WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 4:10 RULER OVER ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micah 5:2
LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 13:13 SAVIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 2:11
LORD GOD ALMIGHTY . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 15:3 SCEPTER OUT OF ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . Numbers 24:17
LORD JESUS CHRIST . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 15:57 SEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 3:15
LORD OF ALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acts 10:36 SERVANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 42:1
LORD OF GLORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 2:8 SHEPHERD OF OUR SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter 2:25
LORD OF HOSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haggai 1:5 SHIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 15:1
LORD OF LORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Timothy 6:15 SON OF DAVID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 1:1
LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS . . . . . . . . Jeremiah 23:6 SON OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 27:54
LOVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 John 4:8 SON OF MAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 8:20
MAN OF SORROWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 53:3 SON OF THE MOST HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 1:32
MASTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke 5:5 SOURCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hebrews 5:9
MEDIATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Timothy 2:5 SPIRIT OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genesis 1:2
MERCIFUL GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeremiah 3:12 STAR OUT OF JACOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . Numbers 24:17
MESSENGER OF THE COVENANT . . . . . . .Malachi 3:1 STONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter 2:8
MESSIAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 4:25 SUN OF RIGHTEOUSNESS . . . . . . . . . . . .Malachi 4:2
MIGHTY GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 9:6 TEACHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 13:13
MIGHTY ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Isaiah 60:16 TRUE LIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 1:9
NAZARENE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew 2:23 TRUE WITNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 3:14
OFFSPRING OF DAVID . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 22:16 TRUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 14:6
OMEGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 22:13 VINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 15:5
ONLY BEGOTTEN SON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 1:18 WAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 14:6
OUR PASSOVER LAMB . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 5:7 WISDOM OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 1:24
OUR PEACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ephesians 2:14 WITNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 55:4
POTTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 64:8 WONDERFUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I saiah 9:6
POWER OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Corinthians 1:24 WORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John 1:1
PRINCE OF PEACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isaiah 9:6 WORD OF GOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revelation 19:13
PROPHET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acts 3:22

Appendix 3–The Holy Spirit
TITLE
“The promise of the Holy Spirit is not limited to any age or to any race. Christ declared that the divine influence of His Spirit
was to be with His followers unto the end. From the day of Pentecost to the present time, the Comforter has been sent to all
who have yielded themselves fully to the Lord and His service. To all who have accepted Christ as a personal Saviour, the
Holy Spirit has come as a counselor, sanctifier, guide, and witness.” –The Acts of the Apostles, p. 49.
“You have not become hardened to the influence of the Holy Spirit. When the truth of God is presented, it meets a response
in your heart.” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 5, p. 285.
“The wrath of God is not declared against unrepentant sinners merely because of the sins they have committed, but be-
cause, when called to repent, they choose to continue in resistance, repeating the sins of the past in defiance of the light
given them. If the Jewish leaders had submitted to the convicting power of the Holy Spirit, they would have been pardoned;
but they were determined not to yield. In the same way, the sinner, by continued resistance, places himself where the Holy
Spirit cannot influence him.” –The Acts of the Apostles, p. 62.
“The sin of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit does not lie in any sudden word or deed; it is the firm, determined resistance
of truth and evidence (MS 30, 1890).” –Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, vol. 5, p. 1093.
“There are none so hardened as those who have slighted the invitation of mercy, and done despite to the Spirit of grace.
The most common manifestation of the sin against the Holy Spirit is in persistently slighting Heaven’s invitation to repent.
Every step in the rejection of Christ is a step toward the rejection of salvation, and toward the sin against the Holy Spirit.
“In rejecting Christ the Jewish people committed the unpardonable sin; and by refusing the invitation of mercy, we may
commit the same error….” –The Desire of Ages, pp. 324, 325.
“In describing to His disciples the office work of the Holy Spirit, Jesus sought to inspire them with the joy and hope that
inspired His own heart. He rejoiced because of the abundant help He had provided for His church. The Holy Spirit was
the highest of all gifts that He could solicit from His Father for the exaltation of His people. The Spirit was to be given as a
regenerating agent, and without this the sacrifice of Christ would have been of no avail Sin could be resisted and over-
come only through the mighty agency of the Third Person of the Godhead, who would come with no modified energy, but
in the fullness of divine power. It is the Spirit that makes effectual what has been wrought out by the world’s Redeemer. It
is by the Spirit that the heart is made pure. Through the Spirit the believer becomes a partaker of the divine nature. Christ
has given His Spirit as a divine power to overcome all hereditary and cultivated tendencies to evil, and to impress His own
character upon His church.
“Of the Spirit Jesus said, ‘He shall glorify Me.’…” –The Desire of Ages, p. 671.
“Every action, good or bad, prepares the way for its repetition. How was it in the case of Pharaoh? The statement in Holy
Writ is that God hardened his heart, and at every repetition of light in the manifestation of God’s power the statement is re-
peated. Every time he refused to submit to God’s will his heart became harder and less impressible by the Spirit of God. He
sowed the seed of obstinacy, and God left it to vegetate. He might have prevented it by a miracle, but that was not His plan.
He allowed it to grow and produce a harvest of its own kind, thus, proving the truthfulness of the scripture: “Whatsoever a
man soweth, that shall he also reap.” When a man plants doubts, he will reap doubts. By rejecting the first light and every
following ray, Pharaoh went from one degree of hardness of heart to another….” –Testimonies for the Church, vol. 5, p. 119.
“We can never by searching find out God. [Job 11:7.] He does not lay open His plans to prying, inquisitive minds. We must
not attempt to lift with presumptuous hand the curtain behind which He veils His majesty. The apostle exclaims: “How
unsearchable are His judgments, and His ways past finding out!” [Romans 11:33.] It is a proof of His mercy that there is
the hiding of His /302 power, that He is enshrouded in the awful clouds of mystery and obscurity; for to lift the curtain that
conceals the divine presence is death. No mortal mind can penetrate the secrecy in which the Mighty One dwells and works.
We can comprehend no more of His dealings with us and the motives that actuate Him than He sees fit to reveal.” –Review
and Herald, April 7, 1885.
“God alone can give us the victory. He desires us to have the mastery over ourselves, our own will and ways. But He cannot
work in us without our consent and co-operation. The divine Spirit works through the faculties and powers given to man.
Our energies are required to co-operate with God.
“The victory is not won without much earnest prayer, without the humbling of self at every step. Our will is not to be forced
into co-operation with divine agencies, but it must be voluntarily submitted. Were it possible to force upon you with a hun-
dredfold greater intensity the influence of the Spirit of God, it would not make you a Christian, a fit subject for heaven. The
stronghold of Satan would not be broken. The will must be placed on the side of God’s will. You are not able, of yourself,
to bring your purposes and desires and inclinations into submission to the will of God; but if you are ‘willing to be made
willing,’ God will accomplish the work for you, even ‘casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself

Appendix 3–The Holy Spirit, cont.
TITLE
against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ.’ 2 Corinthians 10:5.
Then you will ‘work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. For it is God which worketh in you both to will and
to do of His good pleasure.’ Philippians 2:12, 13.” –Thoughts from the Mount of Blessing, pp. 141-143.
“Christ’s first words to the people on the mount were words of blessing. Happy are they, He said, who recognize their spir-
itual poverty, and /300 feel their need of redemption. The gospel is to be preached to the poor. Not to the spiritually proud,
those who claim to be rich and in need of nothing, is it revealed, but to those who are humble and contrite. One fountain
only has been opened for sin, a fountain for the poor in spirit.
“The proud heart strives to earn salvation; but both our title to heaven and our fitness for it are found in the righteousness
of Christ. The Lord can do nothing toward the recovery of man until, convinced of his own weakness, and stripped of all
self-sufficiency, he yields himself to the control of God. Then he can receive the gift that God is waiting to bestow. From
the soul that feels his need, nothing is withheld. He has unrestricted access to Him in whom all fullness dwells. ‘For thus
saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also
that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.’ Isaiah
57:15.” –The Desire of Ages, p. 299, 300.
Revelation 2:25; 3:3, 8, 11; Hebrews 10:35-39; 6:4-8.
The Great Controversy, pp, 402-8, 411; Early Writings, p. 15; Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, pp. 256, 257, 270-272; Christ’s Object Les-
sons, pp. 412-414.

Appendix 4–Death
TITLE
The term “soul” is not mentioned in Ecclesiastes 12:7, but this text is widely used where people talk about death.
Frequently the soul is declared synonymous with spirit; and the soul, portrayed as leaving the body and going
to God at death. We should notice briefly the use of soul in the Bible. With only two exceptions, each time the word
“soul” is used in the Old Testament (428 times), it is translated from the Hebrew nephesh, is used nearly 300 ad-
ditional times, and is translated in different ways, including “life” (119X), “person” (30X), “mind” (15X),” heart”
(15X), “creature” (9X), “body” or “dead body” (7X), “dead” (5X), and “man,” “me,” “beast,” “ghost,” “fish,” “we,”
'they,” other forms of the personal pronouns, and several other words 4X or less.
The word “soul,” like “spirit,” conveys to many the idea of a conscious, ever-living entity, capable of living apart from the
body. This is a popular idea, but it is not contained in the meaning of nephesh. In the more than 700 uses of this word, never
once is such an idea attached to it or implied.
Nephesh is never called immortal or indicated as indestructible. In fact, it is often used to designate something that can be
killed.
The New Testament equivalent of nephesh is psuche, which means ”life” or “soul.” This word is also translated in various
ways: “Life” or “lives” (40X) (Matthew 2:20; Luke 12:22; Revelation 8:9), “soul” or “souls” (58X) (Matthew 10:28; 11:29; 12:18;
Acts 2:41-43; Revelation 6:9; 16:3), “mind” (Acts 14:2; Philippians 1:27; Hebrews 12:3), “heart” (Ephesians 6:5), sometimes
“emotions” (Mark 14:34; Luke 2:35), and natural appetites (Proverbs 23:2; Ecclesiastes 6:7).
In the meaning of the world psuche there is nothing which indicates a conscious entity able to survive the death of the body.
With only a few exceptions (see below), “spirit” in the Old Testament comes from the Hebrew word ruach; and, in the New
Testament, from the Greek word pneuma.
Ruach is translated in a number of ways in addition to “spirit”: “Breath of the body” (Job 17:1; Ezekiel 37:5), “wind” (Genesis
8:1; Psalm 1:4; Jeremiah 18:17), “Spirit of God” (1 Samuel 16:13; 2 Samuel 23:2; Isaiah 63:10), “spirit” (vitality) (Genesis 45:27;
Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12), “spirit” (state of mind) (Isaiah 54:6), “spirit” (emotions) (Genesis 41:8; 1 Samuel 1:15; 1 Kings
21:5), “spirit” (moral character) (Ezekiel 11:19), “mind” (or descriptive of the mind) (Genesis 26:35; Proverbs 29:11; Ezekiel
11:5), “breath” (life principle in men and animals) (Genesis 6:17; Psalm 146:4; Jeremiah 10:14), “courage” (Joshua 2:11), and
“anger” (Judges 8:3).
Ruach is used 377 times in the Old Testament, but not once does it denote a conscious, intelligent entity, capable of existing
apart from a physical body. The concept of such an entity is entirely without Biblical foundation. The New Testament has
a counterpart for ruach in the Greek word pneuma. In not one of the 385 times it appears does it indicate an entity that has
been part of a human being and that lives on after his death, capable of separate, conscious, intelligent existence. Pneuma is
used in a variety of ways, including these: “Holy Spirit” (Matthew 3:16; Luke 11:13; 1 Thessalonians 4:8) and “evil spirit”
(Mark 5:8; Luke 9:42; Acts 19:12).
Neshamah and Neshma are Hebrew words for “breath.”
Neshamah is usually translated “breath” and occurs in Genesis 2:7; 7:22; Deuteronomy 20:16; Joshua 10:40; 11:11, 14; 2 Sam-
uel 22:16; 1 Kings 15:29; 17:17; Job 4:9; 26:4; 27:3; 32:8; 33:4; 34:14; 37:10; Psalm 18:15; 150:6; Proverbs 20:27; Isaiah 2:22; 30:33;
42:5; 57:16: Daniel 5:23; and 10:17.

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Bible Study

Religious Liberty Publishing Assn.

Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 International Missionary Society,

All rights reserved.

*For additional study, not required for baptism

Bible Study Handbook 5

How do these “little books” refer to themselves collectively?

Old and New Testament writings

Given by divine inspiration

Man must study under divine inspiration

Bible Study Handbook 7

How to study the Scriptures

8 Bible Study Handbook

How can we find Him?

Bible Study Handbook 9

10 Bible Study Handbook

Living Son of God

He lived in heaven before coming to earth

Creator of all things

One with God the Father

Prophecies concerning His birth (Messiah/Christ)

His example under temptation

Bible Study Handbook 11

12 Bible Study Handbook

Bible Study Handbook 13

How to receive and retain the Holy Spirit

Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit

14 Bible Study Handbook

Sin changed this

Man became entangled

Satan works by four methods

Bible Study Handbook 15

We can overcome the devil

16 Bible Study Handbook

Work of the angels

Different orders of angels

Bible Study Handbook 17

Michael, the Archangel

18 Bible Study Handbook

Man is NOT conscious in death

Death–a sleep (1 Corinthians 15:51-54)

The resurrection, man’s only hope

A warning against spiritualism

The First and the Last

Bible Study Handbook 19

20 Bible Study Handbook

The day of judgment (Hebrews 9:27)

When will hell take place?

Who will be destroyed?

The final result

Bible Study Handbook 21

22 Bible Study Handbook

How will He come?

Why will He come?

Bible Study Handbook 23

24 Bible Study Handbook

Watch and pray

Bible Study Handbook 25

26 Bible Study Handbook

Bible Study Handbook 27

Conditions during the 1,000 years

Events at end of the 1,000 years

28 Bible Study Handbook