1.

Choose the most appropriate modal

1. I think your thumb is broken. You …………go to the emergency room.

a. might b. could c. ought to d. can

2. If you are interested in losing weight, you ........ try this new diet.

a. could b. mustn't c. had to d. have got to

3. Johnnie's fallen down the stairs! ............ I call an ambulance?

a. Should b. Can c. May d. Ought

4. I can feel the heat, we ………….. be near the fire.

a. can b. would c. must d. have to

5.You ................... come too early. We won't leave until nine o'clock.

a. has to b. must c. needn't d. can't

6. The train was badly damaged in the crash, but the passengers …………. get out through a
broken window.

a. can b. had to c. ought to d. were able to

7. Children ……………………. be accompanied by an adult at the zoo.

a. ought b. must c. would d. mustn’t

8. You …………………….. talk during the exam. It’s forbidden

a. don’t have to b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. ought to

9. They …………… hear him because he was whispering.

a. wouldn’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. couldn’t

10. ………….. you like to have dinner with me tonight?

a. could b. may c. should d. would

11. You ……………. let him hear about the party tomorrow. It’s a surprise!

a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. couldn’t d. can’t

12. …………. I speak to the Chief of Police, please?

a. Must b. may c. would d. am

13. I crashed into a wall, but luckily I ……….. force open the car door and escape.

a. had to b. can c. was able to d. would

2. Rewrite the following sentences using modals. Do not change the meaning of the original
sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.

1. If you want my advice, get a good lawyer

You should get a good lawyer

2. A university degree isn’t necessary for that job.

3. He can only leave work at ten o’clock tonight (able)

4. Perhaps my father will pick you up.

5. It isn’t necessary to make an appointment at the hairdresser’s

6. Eating is forbidden in class.

7. The boss allows the workers to have one afternoon off a week.

The workers

8. Don’t take the CD without asking permission.

You

9. My car needs cleaning. I’ll take it tomorrow (must)

10. Do you want to go to St. Moritz this winter? (like)

11. She hasn’t phoned. Perhaps she is abroad (may)

12. Perhaps Mike will be busy to see us (be)

13. I expect her to pass her driving test. She drives well.
14. I suggest you go and see a doctor.

15. It puzzles me why he hasn’t come to visit (underground)

CHOOSE THE MOST APPROPIATE SENTENCE TO FOLLOW EACH EXAMPLE

1. We could have gone to see a film.

a. What a pity we didn´t go b. Why don´t we go?

2. I should have studied for the exam

a. I knew all the answers b. I didn´t know any of the answers

 3. They have been looking forward to the party all week, but they aren´t here yet.

a. They couldn´t have forgotten about it b. They couldn´t forget about it

4. He still hasn´t arrived

a. He must take the wrong turning b. He must have taken the wrong turning

5. You could have helped her when she asked you to.

a. Why don´t you? b.. Why didn´t you?

6. Believe me, I would have visited her

a. I just didn´t have the time b. I just won´t have the time

Choose the correct answer.

1. The restaurant isn’t as busy as I expected. We mustn’t have / might not have / needn’t
have reserved a table.

2. Jay looks happy. He could have / must have / ought to have passed his driving test.

3. I’m so tired this morning. I couldn’t have / needn’t have / shouldn’t have gone to bed so
late.

4. You could have / must have / may have called to tell us you were coming.

Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning. Use

the modal perfect.
1. Maybe he learned Spanish as a child.

He

2. It was a mistake to ask him to do it.

You

3. I am sure Peter didn’t enjoy his holiday.

Peter

4. It’s possible that the teacher saw me.

The teacher

5. It was unnecessary for you to study this unit.

You

6. It was a bad idea to park outside the train station.

We

7. I think you were wrong to buy the new car.

You

8. It’s possible that I left the English book at home because it is not here.

9. Maybe she didn’t mean what she said about you.

She

10. I’m sure that your classmate took your jacket by mistake.

Your classmate

B. Modal or Modal Perfect? Rewrite the following sentences without

changing their meaning.
1. I suppose you are tired after your cruise.

You

2. I am sure he was too tired to go to the concert.

He

3. I regret having behaved so badly during the lesson.

4. The students aren't allowed to bring the mobile phones to school.

The students

5. I didn't finish reading the book because I was watching TV.

I
A

1 may have learned Spanish as a child

2 shouldn’t have asked him to do it

3 can’t have enjoyed his holiday

4 may have seen me

5 needn’t have studied this unit

6 shouldn’t have parked outside the train station

7 shouldn’t have bought the new car

8 could have left the English book at home because it is not here

9 may not have meant what she said about you

10 must have taken your jacket by mistake

1 must be tired after your cruise

2 must have been too tired to go to the concert

3 shouldn't have behaved so badly during the lesson

4 mustn't bring the mobile phones to school

5 could have finished reading the book but I was watching TV