Night School 16 Session 8

AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
April 16, 2018 Session 8: Design of the Braced Frames
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2018
Course Description
Session 8: Design of the Braced Frames
April 16, 2018
This live webinar presents the design of the buckling restrained braced
frames including: sizing braces, beam and column design, gusset plate
design and connection analysis. The session will also cover plastic
mechanism analysis, base plate design and concludes with a course
summary.
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3
Learning Objectives
• Describe the steps for the sizing of braces.

• Describe the steps of a plastic mechanism analysis.
• Describe the steps for the design of the beams and
columns.
• Describe the steps for the design of the gusset plates.
Seismic Design in Steel:

Concepts and Examples
Session 3: Design of the Braced Frames
April 16, 2018
Rafael Sabelli, SE
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4
Course objectives
• Understand the principles of seismic design of
steel structures.
• Understand the application of those principles to
two common systems:
o Special Moment Frames
o Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames.
• Understand the application of design
requirements for those systems.
Resources
• AISC Seismic Design Manual

• Ductile Design of Steel Structures,
Bruneau, Uang, and Sabelli,
McGraw Hill.
• Earthquakes and Seismic Design,
Facts for Steel Buildings #3.
Ronald O. Hamburger, AISC.
• Other publications suggested in
each session
10
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Other resources
• AISC Solutions Center

o 866.ASK.AISC (866-275-2472)
o Solutions@AISC.org
• AISC Night School
o Nightschool@AISC.org
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Course outline
Part I: Concepts
1. Introduction to effective seismic design
2. Seismic design of moment frames
3. Seismic design of braced frames
4. Seismic design of buildings
12
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Course outline
Part II: Application
5.Planning the seismic design
6.Building analysis and diaphragm design
7.Design of the moment frames
8.Design of the braced frames
13
Session 8:
Design of the braced
frames
14
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Session topics
• Buckling-restrained brace sizing
• Plastic mechanism analysis
• Column and beam design
• Final analysis
• Gusset connections
• Base plate design
• Improved performance
• Course summary
15
BRBF design overview

• Compute demands • Size beams and
using design base columns for PMA
shear forces
• Size braces (fuses) • Final analysis
• Compute maximum o Confirm period
brace forces o Determine drift
• Perform plastic • Design connections
mechanism analysis
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Brace sizing
17
Braced-frame model
A B C D
1.4E
typical
Roof BRBs
Pin braces
column
Upper
4th
Pin beams
Pin all
and columns
3rd gravity &
collector
beams
column
2nd
Lower
Pin all
Pin column
gravity
bases
1st columns
18
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Braced-frame forces
B C
Roof 66K
4th 59K
3rd 38K
2nd
19K
1st Does not include ρ=1.3

Does not include B2
Forces derived in sessions 5 & 6 19
Braced-frame forces
B C As an alternative to introducing pins in the model, the
analysis results can be examined to confirm that the
braces resist close to 100% of the required base shear.
Brace forces can be adjusted upwards if necessary
Roof
Level Frame B2 ρ Frame Frame
Fx, ρB2Fx, ρB2Vx,
4th
(kips) (kips) (kips)
3rd 66.0 1.02 1.30 87.6 88

Roof
th
4 59.2 1.03 1.30 79.3 167
2nd 3
rd
38.3 1.03 1.30 51.3 218
nd
2 18.7 1.04 1.30 25.3 243
1st
Forces, ρ, B2 derived in sessions 5 & 6 20
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Force-based design
= • Assume braces resist

2 cos 100% of story shear V
Design braces precisely to calculated capacity

= (Pu = φPn = φFyAsc)
∅
Do not include gravity load
AISC 341 EQ F4-1 21
Brace design
• Specifying area • Specifying strength
o “Asc = 5.00 in2” o “φPsc = 200K”
o Allow o Allow
• 38ksi ≤ Fy≤ 46ksi • 38ksi ≤ Fy≤ 46ksi
o Determine area o Determine area for model
• Based on Fy ≥ 38ksi • Based on RyFy = 42ksi
o Determine expected o Determine expected
brace strength brace strength
• Based on RyFy = 42ksi • Based on RyFy Asc= Psc
• i.e., Ry = 1.0
• Use Ry = 1.05 for tolerance
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Brace sizes
B C
From brace manufacturer:
38ksi ≤ Fy ≤ 46ksi
Roof Use Fy = 38ksi
(2) BRB2.00 Level Brace Force Required Design core
4th ρB2Px, (kips) core area
2
area
2
Asc, (in ) Asc, (in )
(2) BRB3.50
3rd th
62 1.81 2.00
4
(2) BRB5.00 rd
118 3.45 3.50
2nd
3
nd
2 154 4.51 5.00
st
(2) BRB5.50 1 183 5.34 5.50
1st
Typically rounded up ≤10% 23

For example, ¼in2 typically used up to 5in2, ½in2 up to 10in2, etc.
Plastic mechanism
analysis
24
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Plastic mechanism analysis

• Determine maximum brace forces
• Determine vertical and horizontal
components
• Apply components to frame
o Use spreadsheet, or
o Use temperature (or stress) based analysis
25
Maximum brace forces

• Based on testing Expected
displacement
ω = Tmax/Ag Fy Tmax
Typical 1.3≤ ω ≤ 1.5
βω = Cmax/Ag Fy
Typical 1.1≤ β ≤ 1.2
• For design Cmax

Ru (tension) = ωAgRyFy Expected
displacement
Ru (compression) = βωAgRyFy
AISC 341 F4.2a 26
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• Based on testing • Use reasonably liberal
o May vary with values for frame design
manufacturer o β = 1.15
• Based on deformation • Tends to be more than
this for longer & larger
demands braces
o Drift not known at this o ω = 1.4
stage
o RyFy = 42ksi
o Drift subject to change
o βωRyFy = 67.6ksi
during design
• Don’t be overly precise
o ωRyFy = 58.8ksi
27

B C
βωRyFy = 67.6ksi
Roof
ωRyFy = 58.8ksi
(2) BRB2.00 Level Design core Tension Compression
4th 2
area Asc, (in ) Brace Force Brace Force
(2) BRB3.50 ωRyFyAsc, βωRyFyAsc,
3rd (kips) (kips)
th
4 2.00 118 135
(2) BRB5.00 rd
2nd 3 3.50 206 237
nd
2 5.00 294 338
(2) BRB5.50 st
1 5.50 323 372
1st
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B C
βωRyFy = 67.6ksi
Roof
ωRyFy = 58.8ksi
(2) BRB2.00 Level Required Tension Compression
4th Brace overstrength overstrength
Strength Pu, ωRyFyAsc/Pu βωRyFyAsc/Pu
(2) BRB3.50
3rd (kips)
th
(2) BRB5.00
4 62 1.90 2.18
rd
2nd 3 118 1.74 2.01
nd
2 154 1.91 2.19
(2) BRB5.50 st
1 183 1.77 2.03
1st
Use of 2.19E OK for seismic axial forces, 29

but will not capture beam flexure due to β.
A little trigonometry
sin(θ)ωRyFyAsc sin(θ)βωRyFyAsc
cos(θ) cos(θ)
ωRyFyAsc βωRyFyAsc
cos(θ) cos(θ)
θ
sin(θ) ωRyFyAsc sin(θ)βωRyFyAsc
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Level Tension Tension Tension
B C Brace Force Brace x Brace y
ωRyFyAsc, component component
Roof (kips) (kips) (kips)
th
4 118 83 83
rd
(2) BRB2.00 3 206 146 146
4th nd
2 294 208 208
st
(2) BRB3.50 1 323 215 241
3rd
Level Compression Compression Compression
(2) BRB5.00 Brace Force Brace x Brace y
2nd βωRyFyAsc, component component
(2) BRB5.50 th
4 135 96 96
rd
1st 3 237 167 167
nd
2 338 239 239
st
1 372 248 277 31

Level Tension Tension
B C Brace x Brace y
component component
(kips) (kips)
th
4 83 83
rd
3 146 146
nd
2 208 208
st
1 215 241
Level Compression Compression
Brace x Brace y
component component
(kips) (kips)
th
4 96 96
rd
3 167 167
nd
2 239 239
st
1 248 277 32
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Beam detail
cos(θ) cos(θ)
sin(θ)βωRyFyAsc
sin(θ)ωRyFyAsc
33
½sin(θ) sin(θ)(β−1) ½sin(θ)

(β−1)ωRyFyAsc ωRyFyAsc (β−1)ωRyFyAsc
VEcl=½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc
MEcl=½ VEcl L
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[cos(θ)ωRyFyAsc]i+1 [cos(θ)βωRyFyAsc]i+1
½ Fi ½ Fi
[cos(θ)(β+1)ωRyFyAsc]i
PEcl= ½ [cos(θ)(β+1)ωRyFyAsc]i Plus for tension

(Minus for compression, but it’s
± ½ [cos(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc]i+1 unconservative to reduce
compression based on β)
Take as: PEcl= [cos(θ)βωRyFyAsc]i ~8% conservative in this example
Fi = [[cos(θ)(β+1)ωR F A
y y sc]i −[cos(θ)(β+1)ωRyFyAsc]i+1] 35

Column detail
½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc
½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc sin(θ)βωRyFyAsc
1
2
+1 sin sin(θ)βωRyFyAsc
− ½sin()(−1)RyFyAsc
1
+1 sin 36
2
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Column detail
½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc
sin(θ)ωRyFyAsc ½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc
1
+1 sin
sin(θ)ωRyFyAsc 2
+ ½sin()(−1)RyFyAsc
1
+1 sin 37
2
Column design
38
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B C Level Tension Compression
Brace y Brace y
component component
(kips) (kips)
th
4 83 96
rd
3 146 167
nd
2 208 239
st
1 241 277
Level Column Column
tension force compression
Ecl (kips) force Ecl
(kips)
th
4 6 -6
rd
3 100 78
nd
2 261 230
st
1 487 451
Base 729 729
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Column design
• Axial loads • Compression
o PD = 147K o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl
o PL = 60.0K o Ru = 687K
o PEcl = 451K • Tension
• (compression)
o Ru = 0.7D + Ecl
o PEcl = 487K
o Ru = 384K
• (tension)
Use W10x77
φPn = 753K (Manual Table 4-1)
Seismically compact (SDM Table 1-3)
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Member Selection
• Compactness
o Use SDM table
o AISC 341-16 permits
moderately ductile
members for BRBF
beams and columns
• Use IMF column
41
Beam design
42
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B C
Level Beam axial Beam shear Beam
force Ecl force Ecl moment
(kips) (kips) Ecl
(ft-kips)
Roof 96 6.2 78
th
4 167 10.9 136
rd
3 239 15.6 195
nd
2 248 18.1 226
PEcl=cos(θ)βωRyFyAsc
VEcl=½sin(θ)(β−1)ωRyFyAsc
MEcl=½ VEcl L
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Beam design
• Shear • Axial
o VD = 11.2K o PD = 0K
o VL = 8.5K o PL = 0K
o VE = − 18.1K o PE = 248K
o Vu = 0.7D + Ecl = − 10.3K o Pu = 248K
• Moment Bottom-flange
lateral brace
o MD = 120’K
o ML = 100’K
o ME = −226’K
o Mu = 0.7D + Ecl = − 142’K
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Beam design
• W18x55 o Moment
o Shear • φMn = 417’K
o Table 3-10
• φVn = 212K > Vu OK
• Lb =6’
• Check chevron
• Cb =1
connection
o Cb = 1.25 (for M2=2M1)
2 ( P1 + P2 ) cos θeb • (1.25) 417’K = 521’K
Lg ≥ • φMp = 420’K
φVn
• φMn = φMp = 420’K
• Lg ≥ 40” < L/6=48” OK (rule of
thumb)
2 ( P1 + P2 ) cos θeb
Vu =
Lg
Chevron check illustrated in connection design. However,

45
it should be considered in member selection.
Member Selection
• Compactness
o Use SDM Table
o AISC 341-16 permits
moderately ductile
members for BRBF
beams and columns
• Use IMF column
46
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Beam design
• = ≥1
o Assume Cm=0.8 (M1/ M2 =−2)

Cm<0.6 Cm=0.6 Cm>0.6 Cm=1.0
o = = 45,300 If Cm=0.8
o =1 = 1 ≤ 0.2
AISC 360 Appendix 8 47
Beam design
• Axial • Chapter H Interaction
o KL/ry = 75”/1.67” o Pu/ φFcrA =0.39
= 44.9 o Pu/ φFcrA + 8/9 Mu/φMn
o φFcr = 38.8ksi = 0.39+ 8/9(142’K/420’K)
• Table 4-22 = 0.69 OK
o φFcrA = 629K
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Final analysis
49
Braced-frame model
A B C D
Roof W18x35
(2) BRB2.00 Pin braces
W10x45
4th W18x40
Pin beams
(2) BRB3.50 Pin all
and columns
3rd W18x46 gravity &
collector
(2) BRB5.00 beams
W10x77
2nd W18x55
Pin all
(2) BRB5.50 Pin column
gravity
bases
1st columns
50
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Brace stiffness
• Consult manufacturer
o Direct communication
o Brochure
Level Design Workpoint Stiffening
core area length (ft) factor
2
Asc, (in )
th
4 2.00 17.7 1.39
rd
3 3.50 17.7 1.39
nd
2 5.00 17.7 1.43
st
1 5.50 18.8 1.46
51
Braced-frame model
A B C D
Roof Mroof
M =½ 708K/g
4th Mfloor
M =½ 868K/g
3rd M
Tributary mass included to
2nd permit period calculation
M T1 = 0.75 sec
Matches assumption!!
1st
T1 ~ 1.3Ta from Session 5
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Drift
• Obtain from model
• Recalculate B2
• Amplify drift for second-order effects
o Only necessary per ASCE 7 if θ>0.1 (B2>1.1)
o Preferable not to modify process for B2<1.1
Model drift
Level B2 Drift*B2
(%)
4th 1.76% 1.02 1.80%
3rd 1.68% 1.02 1.71%
2nd 1.60% 1.03 1.65%
1st 1.36% 1.03 1.40%
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Check irregularities
• Horizontal torsional irregularity
o Same check as initial
• Lines A & D identical
• Lines 1 & 5 identical 1 2 3 4 5
• Δ5 ≤ 1.1Δave (up to 1.2 OK)

A
o Irregularity not present

B
45% 55%
C
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• Vertical soft story
o Results from model
Level Displacement Shear Stiffness
(in.) (kips) (kips/in)
th
4 0.528 66.0 125
rd
3 0.504 125.2 248
nd
2 0.480 163.6 341
st
1 0.457 182.3 399
o Story stiffness increases with story shear
(at least 70% of the stiffness above) 55
• Vertical weak story
o Brace strength
Level Design core Tension Brace Compression Brace Story shear
area Asc, Force ωRyFyAsc, Force βωRyFyAsc, strength
2
(in ) (kips) (kips) (kips)
th
4 2.00 118 135 358
rd
3 3.50 206 237 626
nd
2 5.00 294 338 894
st
1 5.50 323 372 926
o Story strength increases with story shear
(at least 80% of the stiffness above) 56
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Gusset connections
Gusset connection
• Beam-column-brace • Chevron connection
connection o Minimum length
o Rotation approach o Local forces
o Configuration o Gusset design
o Gusset design
o Beam-to-gusset
connection
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Gusset connection
• Manufactured braces • EOR
o Manufacturer- o Remains responsible
designed brace to for structure
gusset connection o Must communicate
o Gusset thickness • Non-brace forces at
relates to BRB core connection
plate thickness o Beam shear
o Column shear?
o Manufacturer can
• Load path restrictions
assist with gusset o Especially at base
connection to beam & plates
column
59
Gusset connection
• Brace-to-gusset
connections
o Check manufacturer's
design
• (4)1”Ø A490X bolts
• Double shear
• ¾” A572 Gr. 50 gusset
Pu =338K (compression)
Pu =294K (tension)
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Gusset connection
2”
3”
6” 10”
61
Gusset connection
• Compression • Tension
o Ru = 338K o Ru = 294K
o Bolt shear o Bearing (edge distance)
• (Table 7-1) • (Tables 7-4 & 7-5)
• φRn = 4*98.9K =396K • φRn = 2*¾*113K
o Bearing (spacing) +2*¾*85.9K = 298K
• (Table 7-4)
• φRn = 4*¾*113K =339K
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Gusset connection
• Block shear
o Rn =0.6FuAnv +UbsFuAnt≤ 0.6FyAgv +UbsFuAnt
• 0.6(65ksi)(5.53in2)+(1.0)(65ksi)(3.84in2) = 466K
• 0.6(50ksi)(7.5in2)+(1.0)( 65ksi)(3.94in2) = 475K
o φRn = 0.75(466K) = 349K
AISC 360 §J.4 63
Beam-column-brace
connection
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Beam-column-brace connection
• Mega-gusset
o Beam connection
outside gusset
• Follow “simple
connection” limits to
allow for rotation
o Flange plates
• Stability
• Deck support
o Eccentric moment on
column
65
-338K≤Pu ≤294K
(from brace capacity
-76K≤Pu ≤76K -248K≤Pu ≤248K
(from diaphragm (from beam analysis)

analysis; not used
for gusset Vu =10.3K
calculation) (from beam analysis)
66
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Gusset connection trigonometry

4" 2”
cos = 5.7" 3”
2"
tan = 2" 8.7”
6” 10”
Use mega-gusset
(14”+db)x18”
=32”x18”
67
Vubr =239K
Mcol 23”
Hubr =239K
5”
Forces at mid- 18”

height of gusset
N =9K
Fcoll=9K V =229K 14”
M
M =1495”K
32”
9”
N
Pu =248K 9”
V
Vu =10.3K (from beam)

Mcol
Fcoll=248K−239K Mcol= Vu(23”) = 234”K 68

Fcoll=9K (higher for gravity combinations)
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Plate:
= 229
229 = + +3 = 22.7 <∅
= = 9.5
(0.75 )(32 )
=9
9
= = 0.4
(0.75 )(32 )
= 1495"
4 ∗ 1495"
= = 7.8
(0.75 )(32 )
AISC Manual EQ 9-1 69
• Weld:
o e=M/V = 6.5”
• (ignore small N)
o a=e/L =6.5”/32” =0.20
o Table 8-4
• Angle = 0ᵒ
• k=0 for out-of-plane
• C=3.51K/in/(1/16in)
• D ≥229/(0.75*3.51*32)
• D ≥2.7, x1.25=3.4
• Use (2) 5/16” fillet welds
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L1 = 5.7”
• Check gusset
compactness
o Per Dowswell (2006
AISC Engineering
Journal)
Fy c3 (50 ksi)(4 in)3
tβ = 1.5 = 1.5
EL1 (29,000 ksi)(5.7 in)
= 0.14 in ≤ 0.75 in
• Gusset is compact
• No further stability
evaluation required
71
• Check column
o WLY, WC
o Forces
Nbearing
• Ru = M/(½h)+½N
½h
= 98K
h
• Nbearing= ½h = 16”
• (evaluation not
presented)
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o Panel Zone
• Ru = M/(½h)
= 93K
• = = 0.6
( )( . )
• ∅ = 0.9 ∗ 0.6 1.4 −

=121K OK
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• Double plate connection
Gusset
o (5)⅞”Ø A325X bolts
• At beam
• At gusset Beam
o Double shear
o (2) ⅜” A572 Gr. 50 plates
• 15”x12” Pu =266K
o Tack welds for erection

o See collector connection
calculations Vu =10.3K
o Reinforce beam web
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• Double plate connection
o Meets limits for single
plate connection
• #bolts =5 ≤12
• Bolt-to-weld distance≤3½” 3½”
o Bolt-line-to-bolt-line 2½ ”
distance≤7”
• STD holes
• Horizontal edge distance
o Leh≥2d
• Maximum plate thickness
o d/2+1/16” = ½“
Extended configuration procedure 75

available beyond these limits
Chevron connection
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Chevron connection
294K
338K
77
Chevron connection
3"
= 4.2"
cos
2 = 9.1"
9" sin = 6.4"
tan
2 = 9.1"
Minimum gusset length =2(6.4”+4.2”+9.1”)=39.3”, try 40”
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Chevron connection
N
V =447K
N =31.2K
M =V(d/2)=4050”K 294K
338K
79
Check local web shear

Lg
eb = ½ dbeam
∅ = 1 0.6 50 = 195
2 ( P1 + P2 ) cos θeb 2 ( 294 K + 338 K ) cos(45 deg)(9.05")
Lg ≥ = = 41.4"
φVn 195 K
Use Lg = 42”
“Design of Chevron Gusset Plates” 80

2017 SEAOC proceedings
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Chevron connection
= 447 N
447 V =447K
M
= = 14.2 N =31.2K
(0.75 )(42 )
M =V(d/2)=4050”K
= 31
31
= = 1.0 V
(0.75 )(42 )
= 4050"
4 ∗ 4050"
= = 12.2
(0.75 )(42 ) = + +3 = 28 <∅
von Mises effective stress
81
Chevron connection
• Weld:
o e=M/V = 9.1”
• (ignore small N)
o e/L =9.1”/42” =0.23 Table 8-4
• Angle = 0ᵒ
• k=0
• C=3.31K/in/(1/16in)
• D ≥447/(0.75*3.51*42)
• D ≥4.3, x1.25=5.4
• Use (2) 3/8” fillet welds
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Chevron connection
• Check beam
o WLY ½Lg
o WC
o Forces
• Ru = M/(½Lg)+½N
= 208K ½Lg ½Lg
• Nbearing= ½Lg = 21” Lg
o (evaluation not
presented)
83
Chevron connection
• Provide torsional
bracing at chevron
connection
BRBF
o AISC 341 F4.4a(2) beam
Chevron
gusset
Supported beam
providing torsional
bracing
84
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42
Base plate
85
Base-plate design
• Maximum forces from plastic mechanism analysis
• Use anchor rods for tension
• Do not use anchor rods for shear
• Provide rotational ductility
• Is the manufacturer assisting with gusset design?
o Specify if base plate is designed to resist vertical gusset
force
86
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43
6”
87
11”
3”
22”
3”
88
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Base-plate design
• Tension • Compression
o Size rods o Check bearing
o Check plate bending o Check plate bending
o Rotational ductility o Rotational ductility
• Anchor rods • Column rotation
• Base plates • Foundation rotation
• Column rotation • Base plates and anchor
• Foundation rotation rods will not provide
rotation
89
Base-plate design
• Axial loads • Compression
o PD = 147K o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl
o PL = 60.0K o Ru = 965K
o PEcl = 729K • Tension
Level Column Column o Ru = 0.7D + Ecl
tension force compression
Ecl (kips) force Ecl (kips) o Ru = 626K
th
4 6 -6
rd
3 100 78
nd
2 261 230
st
1 487 451
Base 729 729
90
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45
Base-plate design
Level Tension Tension Tension
• Shear loads Brace Force Brace x Brace y
o Brace in tension ωRyFyAsc, component component
• VEcl = 215K th
4 118 83 83
o Brace in compression 3
rd
206 146 146
• VEcl = 248K 2
nd
294 208 208
st
1 323 215 241
Level Compression Compression Compression

Brace Force Brace x Brace y
βωRyFyAsc, component component
th
4 135 96 96
rd
3 237 167 167
nd
2 338 239 239
st 91
1 372 248 277
Anchor-rod design
• = ∅0.75 = 44.7ksi
• Arequired =626K/44.7ksi = 14.0in2
• Use (6) 1¾” Ø F1554 Gr 55 anchor rods
o Anet = 1.90in2
o φFu Anet = 0.75(75ksi)1.90in2 = 107K/rod
o 6 rods: 6*107K=641K OK
92
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Anchor-rod design
Increase
for grade
55
• Use (6) 1¾”Grade

55 anchor rod
F1554, S1 ¾
93
Base-plate design
• Flexure under tension
o x = 3”+ 0.1bf = 3.10”
o Use B=22”
o T=626K/2=313K
• M=313K(3.10”)=970”K
o ≥ 2.11 = 1.98” Use 2” plate
AISC Design Guide 1 §3.2 94
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Base-plate design
• Compression: assume 18”x18” bearing area
o 965K/(18inx18in)=2.98ksi
o L = ½ [18”-0.8bf]= ½ [18”-0.8(10.2”)]=4.92”
10.6)(10.2
= ∙ =1 = 2.6"
4 4
o M=WL2/2=2.98ksi(18in)(4.92in)2/2=649”K
o ≥ 2.11 =1.79in. Use 2” plate
AISC Design Guide 1 §3.1 95
Shear design
• = 248K
• Provide direct transfer to concrete slab
o Embedded structural steel angles (or other shapes)
o A706 bar
o etc.
o Provide load path into foundation
• Combined tension shear and bending:
o 3”Ø anchor rods
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Gusset design coordination

Vu
• Communicate load path

to gusset designer:
Hu
o Tension
• H2 = H3 = 50% Hu e
• V1 = 100% Vu
• M1 = 100% eVu V1
M1
o Compression
• H2 = H3 = 50% Hu H2
H1
• No tension on gusset V2
bottom edge H3
o EOR must check column M2
97
Base Plate
Gr. 50 Plate 2”x22”x30” CJP
(6) 1½” Gr. 55 Anchor rods Flanges
with ¾”x3½x3½” plate washers DCW
at base plate and at bottom. (2) ¼ sections of
De-bond rods from concrete. DCW HSS8.625x0.500
⅜ (or Double angles,
welded A706, tec.)
Typical
5/ 9
16
98
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49
Improved performance
99
• BRBF provide very good reliability against
collapse
• Residual drift is not addressed in AISC 341
o Residual drift can be reduced through the
introduction of a modest restoring force
o Add moment frames adjacent to braced frames
• Act as robust collectors
• Reduce overturning on braced-frame columns
100
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• Supplemental moment frames
o Design as OMF
• Follow OMF connection detailing requirements
o Do not utilize OMF in the analysis
• Design BRBF for 100% of the force
101
1 2 3 4 5
C
Special bracing
required due to
floor opening
D
102
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Completion of design
103
• Braces • Connections
o Indicate protected o Indicate DCW
zone • Beam
o Review manufacturer’s o Design lateral bracing
design
o Review testing
• Column
information o Design column splice
104
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• Base plate • Specifications
o Provide load path for o Specify weld
shear toughness
o Design concrete requirements
anchorage/force o Specify Quality
transfer to foundation Assurance Plan
o Design grade beam for
ductile rotation
105
Summary
106
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Summary
• BRBF have a rigorous capacity design
procedure
o Design braces first
o Compute maximum brace forces
• Requires data from manufacturers
o Design
• Beams
• Columns
• Connections
107
Summary
• BRBF require coordination and partnership with
manufacturers
o Review assumptions
• Load path
• Design responsibilities
o Review factors
• β, ω
o Review testing
• Factors
• Cover all project braces
108
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Course wrap-up
109
Course wrap-up
• Mild structural steel provides excellent
ductility
• Proper proportioning and detailing of steel
systems provides controlled inelastic
behavior
• Ductile design permits economical buildings
o Required strength is reduced
o Large inelastic drifts can be accommodated
110
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Course wrap-up
• Design example
o Efficient design can result from
• Early identification of governing design loads
• Simplifying as appropriate so that analysis supports
design decisions
o Economical design can result from
• Selecting the appropriate systems
• Reducing the need for member reinforcement
111
End of session 8
And the end of the

Night-School course
112
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Additional resources
113
Question time
114
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58
Certificates will be issued the week of May 7, 2018.
Copyright © 2018
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Final Exam
Issued: April 24, 2018

Due: May 7, 2018
Copyright © 2018
60
Night School Resources for 8-session

package Registrants
Go to www.aisc.org and sign in.
Copyright © 2018
61
Copyright © 2018
62

Night School 16 Session 8

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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel

April 16, 2018 Session 8: Design of the Braced Frames

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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2018

• Describe the steps for the sizing of braces.

Seismic Design in Steel:

• AISC Seismic Design Manual

• AISC Solutions Center

BRBF design overview

1st Does not include ρ=1.3

Forces derived in sessions 5 & 6 19

3rd 66.0 1.02 1.30 87.6 88

Forces, ρ, B2 derived in sessions 5 & 6 20

= • Assume braces resist

Design braces precisely to calculated capacity

AISC 341 EQ F4-1 21

Typically rounded up ≤10% 23

Plastic mechanism analysis

Maximum brace forces

• For design Cmax

AISC 341 F4.2a 26

Maximum brace forces

Maximum brace forces

Maximum brace forces

Use of 2.19E OK for seismic axial forces, 29

Maximum brace forces

Plastic mechanism analysis

Plastic mechanism analysis

Plastic mechanism analysis

½sin(θ) sin(θ)(β−1) ½sin(θ)

Plastic mechanism analysis

PEcl= ½ [cos(θ)(β+1)ωRyFyAsc]i Plus for tension

Take as: PEcl= [cos(θ)βωRyFyAsc]i ~8% conservative in this example

Plastic mechanism analysis

Plastic mechanism analysis

Plastic mechanism analysis

Plastic mechanism analysis

Chevron check illustrated in connection design. However,

o Assume Cm=0.8 (M1/ M2 =−2)

AISC 360 Appendix 8 47

• Δ5 ≤ 1.1Δave (up to 1.2 OK)

o Irregularity not present

(at least 70% of the stiffness above) 55

(at least 80% of the stiffness above) 56

• 0.6(50ksi)(7.5in2)+(1.0)( 65ksi)(3.94in2) = 475K

o φRn = 0.75(466K) = 349K

AISC 360 §J.4 63

-76K≤Pu ≤76K -248K≤Pu ≤248K

(from diaphragm (from beam analysis)

Gusset connection trigonometry

Forces at mid- 18”

Vu =10.3K (from beam)

Fcoll=248K−239K Mcol= Vu(23”) = 234”K 68

AISC Manual EQ 9-1 69

• ∅ = 0.9 ∗ 0.6 1.4 −

o Tack welds for erection