Digital Audio Fundamentals

Conversion- the process go of converting an analog signal into digital & vice version

A/D: analog to digital (recording)

D/A: Digital to analog
* audio interface

2 elements that determine the quality of conversion.

1. Sample Rate - The # of times on audio signal is sampled per second,

(sample) A very, very small snapshot (recording) of an audio signal.
Sample rate is measures in HERTZ. Sample rates used on digital audio 44.1KHZ - 192KHZ
44.1 KHZ 48KHZ 88.2KHZ (6KHZ 176.4KHZ 192KHZ
specifically determines the highest frequency that can be recorded. Nyquist-shanon theorem
44,100/2 = 22,050 Hz

44.1KHZ, 16-bit: CD Quality

48KHZ is standard for Video
Frequency

2. Bit - Depth
the resolution of each sample in terms of bits
a bit is smallest possible unit of digital information. 8 bits = byte
bit-depth= length of binary word in digits.
binary code- the language/code in which information is encoded digitally. (zero’s, and one’s)

info is encoded as binary words.

Number of possibilities that can be represented :
2x, where x is the bit depth

Bit-depths used in digital audio:

16 bit: 2 (16)= 65,536 24-bit: 2(24)= 16,77,216
Bit-depth affects: Dynamic Range.
DYNAMIC RANGE @ 16 bit :96 dB
DYNAMIC RANGE @ 24 bit: 144 dB

Higher Bit-depth = large file size. File @24 bit= 1.5 x the same file

File size doubles when sample rate doubles @96khz = 2 x the same file

Bit-Depth >logic pro x.>preferences > recording > check 24-bit box. (16 bits if not checked)

File>project settings> audio>